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Xi H, Li X, Zhang Z, Cui X, Zhu B, Jing X, Gao X. Continuous peripheral electrical nerve stimulation improves cardiac function via autonomic nerve regulation in MI rats. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02406-8. [PMID: 38642597 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) reportedly improves cardiac function after myocardial ischemia (MI) by rebalancing the cardiac autonomic nervous system. The dynamic and continuous influence of PENS on autonomic and cardiac function based on cardiac self-repair is not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the relationship between autonomic nervous balance and functional cardiac repair after MI and to clarify the optimal acupoint selection and time course for PENS. METHODS The activities of the superior cervical cardiac sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve were recorded to evaluate the autonomic tone directly. The pressure-volume loop system was used for left ventricular diastolic and systolic function. Noninvasive continuous electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed to analyze heart rate, heart rate variability, and left ventricular function. The effect of continuous PENS (cPENS) or instant PENS (iPENS) on autonomic and cardiac indications was tested. RESULTS Sympathetic nerve activity and vagus nerve activity increased as compensatory self-regulation on days 7 and 14 post-MI, followed by an imbalance of autonomic tone and cardiac dysfunction on day 28. cPENS at acupoint PC6 maintained autonomic hyperexcitability, improved myocardial systolic and diastolic abilities, and reduced myocardial fibrosis on day 28 post-MI, whereas cPENS at acupoint ST36 had a limited effect. Both iPENS at PC6 and ST36 improved the autonomic and cardiac function of rats in the cPENS groups. CONCLUSION Rats showed autonomic fluctuations and cardiac dysfunction 28 days post-MI. cPENS produced sympathomimetic action to sustain cardiac self-compensation, but with acupoint specificity. On the basis of cPENS, iPENS evoked autonomic regulation and cardiac benefits without acupoint differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Xi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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2
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Zhou X, Zhou J, Zhang F, Shu Q, Wang QY, Wu Y, Chang HM, Zhang B, Yu Q, Cai RL. A New Target of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Mediated Sympathetic Nervous to Improve MIRI: Glutamatergic Neurons in Fastigial Nucleus of the Cerebellum. Neuroscience 2023; 535:124-141. [PMID: 37923164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a fatal cardiovascular disease that irreversibly impairs the function of the heart, followed by reperfusion leading to a further increase in infarct size. Clinically, we call it myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). A growing number of clinical observations and experimental studies have found electroacupuncture (EA) to be effective in alleviating MIRI. This study attempts to investigate whether glutamatergic neurons in fastigial nucleus (FN) of the cerebellum are involved in EA pretreatment to alleviate MIRI via sympathetic nerves, and the potential mechanisms of EA pretreatment process. A MIRI model was established by ligating the coronary artery of the left anterior descending branch of the heart for 30 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Multichannel physiological recordings, electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound, chemical genetics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence staining methods were combined to demonstrate that EA pretreatment inhibited neuronal firing and c-Fos expression in FN of the cerebellum and reduced cardiac sympathetic firing. Meanwhile, EA pretreatment significantly reduced cardiac ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (SF), percentage infarct area, decreased myocardial norepinephrine (NE), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) concentrations, and improved MIRI-induced myocardial tissue morphology. The results were similar to the inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in FN. However, the activation of glutamatergic neurons in FN diminished the aforementioned effects of EA pretreatment. This study revealed that glutamatergic neurons in FN of the cerebellum is involved in EA pretreatment mediated sympathetic nervous and may be a potential mediator for improving MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Wannan Rehabilitation Hospital (The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Shu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian-Yi Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Chang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Rong-Lin Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Research, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship, Hefei 230038, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230038, China.
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3
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Cui X, Sun G, Cao H, Liu Q, Liu K, Wang S, Zhu B, Gao X. Referred Somatic Hyperalgesia Mediates Cardiac Regulation by the Activation of Sympathetic Nerves in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:386-402. [PMID: 35471719 PMCID: PMC9068860 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) causes somatic referred pain and sympathetic hyperactivity, and the role of sensory inputs from referred areas in cardiac function and sympathetic hyperactivity remain unclear. Here, in a rat model, we showed that MI not only led to referred mechanical hypersensitivity on the forelimbs and upper back, but also elicited sympathetic sprouting in the skin of the referred area and C8-T6 dorsal root ganglia, and increased cardiac sympathetic tone, indicating sympathetic-sensory coupling. Moreover, intensifying referred hyperalgesic inputs with noxious mechanical, thermal, and electro-stimulation (ES) of the forearm augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and regulated cardiac function, whereas deafferentation of the left brachial plexus diminished sympathoexcitation. Intradermal injection of the α2 adrenoceptor (α2AR) antagonist yohimbine and agonist dexmedetomidine in the forearm attenuated the cardiac adjustment by ES. Overall, these findings suggest that sensory inputs from the referred pain area contribute to cardiac functional adjustment via peripheral α2AR-mediated sympathetic-sensory coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Honglei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Needling Manipulation, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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4
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Ahmed OAA, Hassan NA, Azhar AS, El-Mas MM, El-Bassossy HM. A Nano-Pharmaceutical Formula of Quercetin Protects from Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696981. [PMID: 34456723 PMCID: PMC8385560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. We recently developed a nano-preparation of the flavonoid quercetin (QU) in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). The latter comprised a mixture composed of pumpkin seed oil, D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1,000 succinate and polyethylene glycol. The QU SNEDDS preparations exhibited a considerably higher bioavailability compared with the standard quercetin suspension. Here, we investigated whether the quercetin loaded SNEDDS could offer better protection compared with the standard formulation against cardiovascular complications of MetS in rats. MetS was induced by high fructose, high salt and high fat diet for 12 weeks while the nano-preparation or the standard suspension of quercetin was orally administered for the last 6 weeks. Compared to little effect for the standard quercetin suspension (MQ), the treatment of MetS rats with the quercetin loaded SNEDDS (MNQ) virtually abolished the depressant effect of MetS on contractility index (control, 114 ± 4; MetS, 92 ± 3; MQ, 100 ± 2; MNQ, 114 ± 6 1/s) and rate of rise in left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) (control, 8,171 ± 274; MetS, 6,664 ± 135; MQ, 6,776 ± 108; MNQ, 7,498 ± 303 mmHg/s). Likewise, the prolongation by MetS of electrocardiographic markers of arrhythmogenesis (QTc, JT, and Tpeak-to-Tend intervals) and concomitant rises in dicrotic notch pressure were preferentially reversed by quercetin nano-preparation. On the other hand, the rises in the isovolumic relaxation constant (Tau, denotes diastolic dysfunction), blood pressure, pulse pressure, and difference between systolic and dicrotic pressure (SDP difference) were equally improved by the two preparations of quercetin. Additionally, no differences were noted in the ability of the two quercetin preparations in abrogating the elevated oxidative (MDA) and inflammatory (TNFα) markers in cardiac tissues of MetS rats. Histopathological, microscopical signs of necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vascular congestion in MetS hearts were more markedly inhibited by the nano-preparation, compared with the standard preparation of quercetin. In conclusion, the quercetin loaded SNEDDS is evidently more advantageous than the standard preparation of the drug in alleviating functional and histopathological manifestations of cardiac damage incited by MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S Azhar
- Pediatric Cardiac Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait city, Kuwait
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Abdallah HM, El-Bassossy HM, El-Halawany AM, Ahmed TA, Mohamed GA, Malebari AM, Hassan NA. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Psiadia punctulata Major Metabolites for Hypertensive Emergencies: Effect on Hemodynamics and Cardiac Conductance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681070. [PMID: 34177590 PMCID: PMC8222910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasodilators are an important class of antihypertensive agents. However, they have limited clinical use due to the reflex tachycardia associated with their use which masks most of its antihypertensive effect and raises cardiac risk. Chemical investigation of Psiadia punctulata afforded five major methoxylated flavonoids (1–5) three of which (1, 4, and 5) showed vasodilator activity. Linoleic acid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was utilized to develop intravenous (IV) formulations that contain compounds 1, 4, or 5. The antihypertensive effect of the prepared SNEDDS formulations, loaded with each of the vasodilator compounds, was tested in the angiotensin-induced rat model of hypertension. Rats were subjected to real-time recording of blood hemodynamics and surface Electrocardiogram (ECG) while the pharmaceutical formulations were individually slowly injected in cumulative doses. Among the tested formulations, only that contains umuhengerin (1) and 5,3′-dihydroxy-6,7,4′,5′-tetramethoxyflavone (5) showed potent antihypertensive effects. Low IV doses, from the prepared SNEDDS, containing either compound 1 or 5 showed a marked reduction in the elevated systolic blood pressure by 10 mmHg at 12 μg/kg and by more than 20 mmHg at 36 μg/kg. The developed SNEDDS formulation containing either compound 1 or 5 significantly reduced the elevated diastolic, pulse pressure, dicrotic notch pressure, and the systolic–dicrotic notch pressure difference. Moreover, both formulations decreased the ejection duration and increased the non-ejection duration while they did not affect the time to peak. Both formulations did not affect the AV conduction as appear from the lack of effect on p duration and PR intervals. Similarly, they did not affect the ventricular repolarization as no effect on QTc or JT interval. Both formulations decreased the R wave amplitude but increased the T wave amplitude. In conclusion, the careful selection of linoleic acid for the development of SNEDDS formulation rescues the vasodilating effect of P. punctulata compounds from being masked by the reflex tachycardia that is commonly associated with the decrease in peripheral resistance by most vasodilators. The prepared SNEDDS formulation could be suggested as an effective medication in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies, after clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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6
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Al-Jaouni S, Abdul-Hady S, El-Bassossy H, Salah N, Hagras M. Ajwa Nanopreparation Prevents Doxorubicin-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction: Effect on Cardiac Ischemia and Antioxidant Capacity. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419862351. [PMID: 31282195 PMCID: PMC6614943 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419862351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the cardioprotective effect of Ajwa
nano-preparation against doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity.
Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided
into 3 groups. One group was given the nanopreparation containing both Ajwa
fruit and pit in a dose of 1.4 g/kg orally 1 hour before doxorubicin infusion
(Dates-DOX group). Another group was given the vehicle for 1 hour before
doxorubicin infusion (DOX group). The third group received the vehicle but no
DOX infusion (time control). Cardiac hemodynamics, blood pressure, cardiac
contractility, and conductivity were recorded before and after 45 minutes of
infusion of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, slow intravenous over 45 minutes). Blood
samples were collected before and after doxorubicin infusion. Heart tissue
samples were collected and snap frozen until assay of reduced glutathione.
Results: Rats pre-administered Ajwa nanopreparation were
protected from doxorubicin-associated systolic and diastolic dysfunction based
on the significant elevation in the rate of rise in left ventricular pressure
(dp/dtmax) and
(dp/dtmin) compared with the
DOX group. In addition, it prevented the doxorubicin-associated ischemia based
on the significant shortening in QT interval, JT interval, and
Tpeak-Tend interval
versus the DOX group. There was no effect on atrial conductivity (PR interval
and P duration). Ajwa pretreatment increased the antioxidant capacity of cardiac
tissue, as evidenced by increasing the cardiac content of reduced glutathione
compared with the untreated doxorubicin group. Conclusion: Ajwa
nanopreparation protects from doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity through
alleviating cardiac ischemia and increasing cardiac antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Al-Jaouni
- 1 King Abduaziz University, Chair of Yousef Abdulatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,2 Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Abdul-Hady
- 1 King Abduaziz University, Chair of Yousef Abdulatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,3 Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Numan Salah
- 1 King Abduaziz University, Chair of Yousef Abdulatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,5 Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda Hagras
- 6 Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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7
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Matboli M, Habib EK, Hussein Mohamed R, Mahran NA, Seleem HS, Nosseir N, Hasanin AH. Pentoxifylline alleviated cardiac injury via modulating the cardiac expression of lncRNA-00654-miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA in the rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109842. [PMID: 31972363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) protects from many cardiovascular complications. It plays a critical role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the effect of PTX administration on cardiac ischemia and dysfunction was explored. PTX in 3 doses (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg), was administered in vivo 5 min before a 45 min occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, followed by a 120 min reperfusion in male Wistar rats. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and dP/dtmax were assessed. Blood and cardiac tissue samples were collected for measuring the levels of cardiac enzymes and the expression of lncRNA-00654-miR-133a-SOX5. Samples of left ventricles were collected and processed for light microscopic, immunohistochemical staining for c-kit (a marker for cardiac progenitor cells) and transmission electron microscopic examination. PTX administration showed improvements in cardiac function tests, enzymes, and myocytes. Microscopic features showed minimal cardiac edema, hemorrhage, cellular inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in addition to increased c-kit + cells in cardiac tissue samples. Notably, this treatment also produced a dose-dependent decrease in lncRNA-00654 with an increase in SOX5 mRNA and miRNA-133a-3p expressions. In conclusion, PTX has the potential to alleviate cardiac injury and increase the number of c-kit + cells following ischemia-reperfusion in the rat model via modulation of lncRNA-00654 and miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman K Habib
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Hussein Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nievin A Mahran
- Fellowship of Clinical Pathology Department, Al Hussein Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sainai University-Kantara, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menofia, Egypt; Histology Department, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Al Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermine Nosseir
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Amany H Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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The Role of Adenosine A2b Receptor in Mediating the Cardioprotection of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment via Influencing Ca 2+ Key Regulators. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6721286. [PMID: 31885657 PMCID: PMC6925712 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6721286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the roles played by A2b receptor and the key Ca2+ signaling components in the mediation of the cardioprotection of electroacupuncture pretreatment in the rats subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, ischemia/reperfusion model (M) group, electroacupuncture pretreatment (EA) group, and electroacupuncture pretreatment plus A2b antagonist (EAG) group. The ischemia/reperfusion model was made by ligation and loosening of the left descending branch of the coronary artery in all groups except the NC group. The EA group was pretreated with electroacupuncture at the Neiguan (PC6) point once a day for three consecutive days before the modeling. The elevation of the ST segment, arrhythmia scores, and myocardial infarction size of each group was measured. The relative expression levels of A2b, RyR2, SERCA2a, NCX1, P-PLB(S16)/PLB, and Troponin C/Troponin I proteins in the injured myocardium were detected by multiple fluorescence western blot. Results The level of ST segment, arrhythmia scores, and infarct size in the M group was significantly higher/larger than that in the NC group after ischemia and reperfusion, while all the three indices mentioned above in the EA group were significantly lower/smaller than those in the M group after reperfusion. The expression of the proteins of adenosine receptor 2b(A2b), ryanodine receptor 2(RyR2), and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in the EA group was significantly enhanced as compared with the M group, while in the EAG group, the contents of A2b were significantly lower than those in the EA group, and RyR2 was higher in the EAG group. In comparison with the NC group, the relative expression of NCX1 protein in M, EA, and EAG groups was not changed significantly. The ratio of phosphorylated phospholamban (P-PLB) over phospholamban (PLB) in the M group was significantly lower than that in the NC group, and the ratio in the EA group was significantly increased as compared with the M group, while the ratio of Troponin C/Troponin I in the EA group was significantly decreased in comparison with that in other groups. Conclusion Electroacupuncture pretreatment could reduce ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial injury via possibly increasing the A2b content and regulating the key Ca2+ signaling components, namely inhibiting RyR2 and enhancing P-PLB(S16)/PLB ratio and SERCA2a proteins, so as to diminish the intracellular Ca2+ overload and consequently lessen the myocardial injury.
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9
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Potential Protective Effect of Achillea fragrantissima against Adriamycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats via an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5269074. [PMID: 31317032 PMCID: PMC6601502 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5269074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin (Adr) is a cytotoxic anthracycline agent that is utilized to manage many types of tumors, but its clinical use is undesirable due to severe cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) against Adr-induced cardiotoxicity through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways. A single dose of Adr was injected in rats to induce cardiotoxicity. Rats are divided into 5 groups, control, A. fragrantissima 800, Adr, A. fragrantissima 400 + Adr, and A. fragrantissima 800 + Adr. 72 h after Adr administration, electrocardiographic (ECG) study was performed for all rats. Serum and hearts were then collected for biochemical and histopathological studies. A. fragrantissima ameliorated Adr-induced ST-segment elevation. It reduced Adr-induced elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. It also protected against Adr-induced histopathological changes. Pretreatment with the extract increased heart tissue contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that it is rich in phenolic and flavonoid active constituents. The results of this study revealed that A. fragrantissima extract ameliorates Adr-induced cardiotoxicity via an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are warranted in order to recognize the precise active constituents of this natural extract which are responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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10
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Mehanna OM, El Askary A, Al-Shehri S, El-Esawy B. Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on renal functions and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:424-429. [PMID: 29271249 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1419267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), on renal oxidant/antioxidant balance in diabetic rats. Our study was conducted on 125 rats, diabetes was induced in 100 rats by a single administration of streptozocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into four equal groups. The first group was assigned as diabetic control, the remaining three groups were treated with pentoxifylline, sildenafil and milrinone via drinking water for 15 successive days, another group of 25 normal rats was assigned as non-diabetic control. Significant increase in plasma levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in the levels of insulin, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed in diabetic rats. These alterations were reverted back to near normal level after treatment with PDEIs. Our data seem to suggest a potential role of PDEIs in maintaining health in diabetes by reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mahmoud Mehanna
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- b Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta) , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta) , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Saad Al-Shehri
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
| | - Basem El-Esawy
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences , Taif University , Taif , KSA
- e Department of Pathology, Faculty of medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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11
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Azhar AS, El-Bassossy HM, Abdallah HM. Mentha longifolia alleviates experimentally induced angina via decreasing cardiac load. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12702. [PMID: 31353642 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angina occurs due to imbalance between heart oxygen demand and supply and is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Here, the possible antianginal effect of Mentha longifolia extract was studied in experimental model of angina. Aerial parts of M. longifolia were extracted, standardized, and given to rats three days before angina. Heart hemodynamics and conductivity were recorded by microtip catheter and surface electrodes. M. longifolia extract significantly alleviated the sustained decline in cardiac contractility after vasopressin exposure. However, M. longifolia did not affect the impaired cardiac dilation after vasopressin. Heart rate was significantly decreased after vasopressin exposure in rats treated with M. longifolia compared with untreated animals. In addition, M. longifolia produced more increase in systolic and diastolic durations after vasopressin exposure compared with untreated animals. Moreover, the plant extract alleviated the ST height changes during vasopressin injection. M. longifolia extract alleviates impaired cardiac function associated with angina through decreasing heart work. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present study is the first to study the effect of M. longifolia in an experimental model of angina. M. longifolia alleviated the impaired cardiac contractility associated with angina exposure. The antianginal effect of M. longifolia could be through reducing cardiac load. This can be concluded from the decrease in heart rate and the systolic and diastolic cycles elongation after exposure to vasopressin in animals pretreated with M. longifolia. This helps in reducing the associated cardiac ischemia upon exposure to vasopressin as indicated by ST change. This could provide new directions in the management of the serious angina disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Azhar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Bassossy HM, Mahmoud MF, Eid BG. The vasodilatory effect of allopurinol mediates its antihypertensive effect: Effects on calcium movement and cardiac hemodynamics. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:381-387. [PMID: 29454286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reported reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated with allopurinol, the mechanism of the allopurinol hypotensive effect is still unclear. In the current study, the hypotensive effect of allopurinol has been fully investigated in hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in rats by angiotensin II (120 ng/min/kg) infusion for two weeks. Rats were then subjected to real-time recording of blood pressure, left ventricular pressure and volume and surface ECG. After 10 min of basal recording, allopurinol was slowly injected into the femoral vein with a dose of 10 μmole/kg. Then, invasive blood pressure, cardiac hemodynamics and ECG were continuously recorded for an additional 20 min. In addition, the vasodilation effect of allopurinol was studied using the isolated artery technique. Allopurinol injection reduced systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure. Allopurinol suppressed both cardiac systolic and diastolic hemodynamics as is apparent from the reduction in the rate of rise and the rate of fall in left ventricular pressure. Allopurinol reduced the general cardiac output quickly. Allopurinol addition to the organ bath (10-1000 μM) produced significant vasodilation of PE pre-constricted aortae that was not affected by endothelium denudation, L-NAME or indomethacin. However, allopurinol ameliorated the calcium induced contraction of aorta pre-constricted with KCl in calcium-free media. Erk or ROCK inhibition did not attenuated allopurinol produced vasodilation. In conclusion, allopurinol has an antihypertensive effect that is mediated, probably, by reducing cardiac output and decreasing vascular resistance. The vasodilator effect of allopurinol is most likely mediated by calcium blocking activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Basma G Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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El-Bassossy HM, Al-Thubiani WS, Elberry AA, Mujallid MI, Ghareib SA, Azhar AS, Banjar ZM, Watson ML. Zingerone alleviates the delayed ventricular repolarization and AV conduction in diabetes: Effect on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189074. [PMID: 29206854 PMCID: PMC5716606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to analyse the action of zingerone in diabetes-related cardiac arrhythmias. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozocin while treatment groups received 20 mg/kg zingerone daily. Following extra seven weeks, electrocardiography, extraction of blood, urine and heart for biochemical analysis, histopathology and immunofluorescence were undertaken. Results The suppression of QT and QTc prolongation in diabetic rats was indicative of prolonged cardiac repolarisation that was greatly reduced by zingerone treatment. In addition, the reduction in PR interval attested that zingerone improved AV delay in diabetic rats. The fibrogenic transforming growth factor β1 upregulation in diabetic hearts was suppressed by zingerone. The marked glycogen deposition and muscle degeneration seen in diabetic heart sections were also alleviated by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone prevented the decrease in of the serum anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin in diabetics. The heightened levels of oxidative stress markers 8-isoprostane and uric acid in diabetic rats were suppressed. In the diabetic heart, the reduced catalase activity was improved and the excessive expression of angiotensin receptor 1 was inhibited by zingerone. Conclusion Cardiac delayed repolarisation and AV conduction in rats with diabetes were halted by zingerone. It appears that inhibition of cardiac fibrosis and associated inflammation-oxidative stress signalling underpins the zingerone effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Wafaa S. Al-Thubiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah and Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Elberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad I. Mujallid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah A. Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. Azhar
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainy M. Banjar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malcolm L. Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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14
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El-Bassossy HM, Awan Z, El-Mas MM. Perinatal ciclosporin A exposure elicits sex-related cardiac dysfunction and inflammation in the rat progeny. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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The inflammatory state provokes sexual dimorphism in left ventricular and electrocardiographic effects of chronic cyclosporine in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42457. [PMID: 28211883 PMCID: PMC5304161 DOI: 10.1038/srep42457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cardiotoxicity has been recognized as an adverse effect of cyclosporine A (CSA), no information exists regarding sex specificity of CSA cardiotoxicity. We tested the hypothesis that left ventricular (LV) and electrocardiographic (ECG) effects of CSA and related inflammatory/histopathological derangements are sex related. CSA reduced the LV slope of end-systolic pressure volume relationship and increased isovolumic relaxation constant. These effects were more pronounced in male compared to female rats, suggesting LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. ECG recordings showed elevated ST segments and increased QTc and T peak trend intervals in CSA-treated male rats, markers of LV ischemia and arrhythmogenesis. In female rats, CSA delayed AV conduction, as reflected by prolonged PR interval. Other sex-related effects for CSA included (i) increased blood cholesterol, and reduced rates of rise and fall in LV pressure and nuclear factor kappa B and angiotensin receptors type 1 expressions in male rats, and (ii) increased LV adiponectin in females. Histopatholgically, CSA caused vascular congestion, blood extravasation, and pyknotic or even absent nuclei in both sexes. In conclusion, rats exhibit sex-independent susceptibility to negative LV and histopathological influences of CSA. These effects become more intensified in male rats, perhaps on account of aggravated ischemic and inflammatory milieus.
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Alwahsh SM, Gebhardt R. Dietary fructose as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1545-1563. [PMID: 27995280 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source for the entire body, while fructose metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Fructose consumption has increased over the last decade globally and is suspected to contribute to the increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome affecting about one-third of the population worldwide and has progressive pathological potential for liver cirrhosis and cancer through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here we have reviewed the possible contribution of fructose to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. We critically summarize the current findings about several regulators, and their potential mechanisms, that have been studied in humans and animal models in response to fructose exposure. A novel hypothesis on fructose-dependent perturbation of liver regeneration and metabolism is advanced. Fructose intake could affect inflammatory and metabolic processes, liver function, gut microbiota, and portal endotoxin influx. The role of the brain in controlling fructose ingestion and the subsequent development of NAFLD is highlighted. Although the importance for fructose (over)consumption for NAFLD in humans is still debated and comprehensive intervention studies are invited, understanding of how fructose intake can favor these pathological processes is crucial for the development of appropriate noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect and treat these metabolic effects. Still, lifestyle modification, to lessen the consumption of fructose-containing products, and physical exercise are major measures against NAFLD. Finally, promising drugs against fructose-induced insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction that are emerging from studies in rodents are reviewed, but need further validation in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,MCR Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Dr, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Zakaria EM, El-Bassossy HM, El-Maraghy NN, Ahmed AF, Ali AA. PARP-1 inhibition alleviates diabetic cardiac complications in experimental animals. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:444-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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El-Bassossy HM, Elberry AA, Ghareib SA, Azhar A, Banjar ZM, Watson ML. Cardioprotection by 6-gingerol in diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:908-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Li H, Tan G, Tong L, Han P, Zhang F, Liu B, Sun X. Pentoxifylline inhibits pulmonary inflammation induced by infrarenal aorticcross-clamping dependent of adenosine receptor A2A. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2210-2221. [PMID: 27347328 PMCID: PMC4891433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infrarenal aortic cross-clamping (IAC) is commonly used during infrarenal vascular operations. Prolonged IAC causes ischemia-reperfusion injury to local tissues, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and acute lung injury (ALI). Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a clinically used drug for chronic occlusive arterial diseases and exerts protective effects against ALI induced by various factors in experimental models. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of PTX in a rat model of IAC. Wistar rats underwent IAC for 2 h, followed by 4 h reperfusion. PTX alone, or in combination with ZM-241385 (an adenosine receptor A2A antagonist) or CGS-21680 (an A2A agonist), was pre-administered to rats 1 h prior to IAC, and the severity of lung injury and inflammation were examined. Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and soluble ICAM-1. ZM-241385 significantly abrogated, while CGS-21680 slightly enhanced, the effects of PTX in ameliorating ALI and inhibiting pulmonary inflammation. In exploration of the mechanisms, we found that PTX stimulated IL-10 production through the phosphorylation of STAT3, and A2A receptor participated in this regulation. The study indicates PTX plays a protective role in IAC-induced ALI in rats by inhibiting pulmonary inflammation through A2A signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Li
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDaqing 163319, China
| | - Peng Han
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDaqing 163319, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
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Protective Effects of Carvedilol and Vitamin C against Azithromycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats via Decreasing ROS, IL1-β, and TNF-α Production and Inhibiting NF-κB and Caspase-3 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1874762. [PMID: 27274777 PMCID: PMC4871977 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1874762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration recently warned of the fatal cardiovascular risks of azithromycin in humans. In addition, a recently published study documented azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. This study aimed to justify the exact cardiovascular events accompanying azithromycin administration in rats, focusing on electrocardiographic, biochemical, and histopathological changes. In addition, the underlying mechanisms were studied regarding reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, and apoptotic cell-death. Finally, the supposed protective effects of both carvedilol and vitamin C were assessed. Four groups of rats were used: (1) control, (2) azithromycin, (3) azithromycin + carvedilol, and (4) azithromycin + vitamin C. Azithromycin resulted in marked atrophy of cardiac muscle fibers and electrocardiographic segment alteration. It increased the heart rate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, interleukin-1 beta (IL1-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), and caspase-3. It decreased reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Carvedilol and vitamin C prevented most of the azithromycin-induced electrocardiographic and histopathological changes. Carvedilol and vitamin C decreased lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, IL1-β, TNF-α, NF-κB, and caspase-3. Both agents increased glutathione peroxidase. This study shows that both carvedilol and vitamin C protect against azithromycin-induced cardiotoxicity through antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
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A histological and immunohistochemical study of different therapeutic modalities for experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000481746.43677.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mayyas F, Alzoubi KH, Al-Taleb Z. An evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on blood pressure and myocardial oxidative status following intake of western diet. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 37:666-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1047944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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El-Bassossy HM, Shaltout HA. Allopurinol alleviates hypertension and proteinuria in high fructose, high salt and high fat induced model of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2015; 165:621-30. [PMID: 25528722 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic associated with great socioeconomic and public health impact. Prevalence of the MetS has been consistently associated with cardiorenal mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of allopurinol treatment on various components of an established MetS in rats. In a first group, MetS was induced in male Wistar rats by the addition of 10% fructose to drinking water and placing the rats on high-fat and high-salt diet for 12 weeks (M). In the second group, MetS was induced for 12 weeks plus allopurinol administration (20 mg/kg/d) orally for 4 weeks starting at week 9 (MA). The third group was control (C) group that received a normal diet. The M group had higher blood pressure (BP) (85.5 ± 3.17 vs 66.1 ± 3.3 mm Hg) and proteinuria (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.59 ± 0.13 g/d) compared with the C group. Allopurinol reversed the BP and proteinuria in MA rats to the control level. Allopurinol administration suppressed the low-grade inflammation associated with MetS and reversed the increases in kidney transforming growth factor beta and urine 8-isoprostane acid observed in the MA group to control levels. In addition, allopurinol reduced angiotensin II and angiotensin receptor type 1 levels in the kidney of MA rats compared with the M group. The administration of allopurinol for short term in an established MetS model reduced features of the MetS especially hypertension and proteinuria. Addition of allopurinol to the therapy of MetS may provide superior means to alleviate hypertension and proteinuria associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Hossam A Shaltout
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Azhar A, El-Bassossy HM. Pentoxifylline alleviates hypertension in metabolic syndrome: effect on low-grade inflammation and angiotensin system. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:437-45. [PMID: 25412944 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Pentoxifylline is a well-tolerated drug used in treatment of vascular insufficiency. We previously showed that pentoxifylline protects from impairment in vascular reactivity in cases of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline against hypertension in metabolic syndrome rats. METHODS Metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding rats a high-fructose, high-fat and high-salt diet for 12 weeks. Pentoxifylline was administered daily (30 mg kg(-1)) during the last 4 weeks of the study, before blood pressure parameters were assessed at the end of study. In addition, serum levels of glucose, fructosamine, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, and lipid profile parameters were determined. Aortic protein levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin receptor 1 were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Pentoxifylline administration prevented excessive weight gain but did not affect hyperinsulinemia or hypertriglyceridemia seen in metabolic syndrome animals. In addition, pentoxifylline prevented the elevations in mean blood pressure associated with metabolic syndrome. Particularly, pentoxifylline prevented elevations in systolic, diastolic, and notch blood pressure; however, elevation in pulse blood pressure was not affected. Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor α and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline. Also, pentoxifylline inhibited elevated expression of angiotensin receptor 1 in aortic tissue of metabolic syndrome animals. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline directly alleviated hypertension in metabolic syndrome rats, at least in part, via amelioration of low-grade inflammation and inhibition of angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azhar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80260, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - H M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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El-Bassossy HM, Watson ML. Xanthine oxidase inhibition alleviates the cardiac complications of insulin resistance: effect on low grade inflammation and the angiotensin system. J Transl Med 2015; 13:82. [PMID: 25889404 PMCID: PMC4355989 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that hyperuricemia plays an important role in the vascular complications of insulin resistance (IR). Here we investigated the effect of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition on the cardiac complications of IR. METHODS IR was induced in rats by a high fructose high fat diet for 12 weeks. Allopurinol, a standard XO inhibitor, was administered in the last 4 weeks before cardiac hemodynamics and electrocardiography, serum glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), 8-isoprostane, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and XO activity were measured. Expression of cardiac angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS IR animals had significant hyperuricemia which was inhibited by allopurinol administration. IR was associated with impaired ventricular relaxation (reflected by a decreased diastolic pressure increment and prolonged diastolic duration) and XO inhibition greatly attenuated impaired relaxation. IR was accompanied by cardiac ischemia (reflected by increased QTc and T peak trend intervals) while XO inhibition alleviated the ECG abnormalities. When subjected to isoproterenol-induced ischemia, IR hearts were less resistant (reflected by larger ST height depression and higher LDH level) while XO inhibition alleviated the accompanying ischemia. In addition, XO inhibition prevented the elevation of serum 8-isoprostane and TNFα, and blocked elevated AngII and AT1 receptor expression in the heart tissue of IR animals. However, XO inhibition did not affect the developed hyperinsulinemia or dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS XO inhibition alleviates cardiac ischemia and impaired relaxation in IR through the inhibition of low grade inflammation and the angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Malcolm L Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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