1
|
Vranceanu M, Filip L, Hegheș SC, de Lorenzo D, Cozma-Petruț A, Ghitea TC, Stroia CM, Banc R, Mîrza OM, Miere D, Cozma V, Popa DS. Genes Involved in Susceptibility to Obesity and Emotional Eating Behavior in a Romanian Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2652. [PMID: 39203789 PMCID: PMC11357152 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a significant public health concern with high prevalence in both adults and children, is a complex disorder arising from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing technologies have identified numerous polygenic causes of obesity, particularly genes involved in hunger, satiety signals, adipocyte differentiation, and energy expenditure. This study investigates the relationship between six obesity-related genes (CLOCK, FTO, GHRL, LEP, LEPR, MC4R) and their impact on BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and emotional eating behavior in 220 Romanian adults. Emotional eating was assessed using the validated Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ). Our analysis revealed significant variability in obesity-related phenotypes and emotional eating behaviors across different genotypes. Specifically, CLOCK/CC, FTO/AA, and LEP/AA genotypes were strongly associated with higher obesity metrics and emotional eating scores, while GHRL/TT and MC4R/CC were linked to increased BMI and WHR. The interplay between genetic predisposition and emotional eating behavior significantly influenced BMI and WHR, indicating a complex relationship between genetic and behavioral factors. This study, the first of its kind in Romania, provides a foundation for targeted interventions to prevent and reduce obesity and suggests potential strategies for gene expression modulation to mitigate the effects of emotional eating. Adopting a 'One Health' approach by creating an evidence base derived from both human and animal studies is crucial for understanding how to control obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vranceanu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.-S.P.)
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 3 Ilfov St, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Drug Analysis, Facullty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - David de Lorenzo
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Doctoral Scool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.)
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Doctoral Scool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (T.C.G.)
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Oana Maria Mîrza
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.-P.); (R.B.); (O.M.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S.), 61, Mărăști Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (D.-S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aukan MI, Finlayson G, Martins C. Hedonic hunger, eating behavior, and food reward and preferences 1 year after initial weight loss by diet or bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1059-1070. [PMID: 38653583 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate changes in hedonic hunger, eating behavior, and food reward and preferences at 1-year (1Y) follow-up after an initial weight loss (WL) induced by a 10-week, very low-energy diet alone (controls) or in combination with bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and controls were recruited. Body weight/composition, hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale), eating behavior traits (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), and food reward and preferences (computerized behavioral task) were measured at baseline, 11 weeks, and 1Y follow-up. RESULTS Changes in anthropometric variables were comparable across groups in the initial phase (week 11), and hedonic hunger decreased overall. The bariatric-surgery groups continued to lose body weight and fat mass, whereas weight regain was seen in controls at 1Y follow-up. Decreases in emotional eating, hunger, disinhibition, and food reward and increases in dietary restraint were seen at 1Y follow-up in the bariatric-surgery groups only. CONCLUSIONS Continued WL with bariatric surgery is paralleled by favorable changes in eating behavior and food reward and preferences. By contrast, controls experienced weight regain at 1Y follow-up and no changes in eating behavior. These striking differences are likely to be important in the long-term WL management of individuals with severe obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Isaksen Aukan
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Catia Martins
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carandang RR, Epel E, Radin R, Lewis J, Ickovics J, Cunningham S. Association between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors among racially diverse pregnant women in four selected clinical sites in the United States. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241246353. [PMID: 38584400 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241246353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: Mindful eating is a promising strategy to address problematic eating behaviors; however, little is known about its applicability during pregnancy. No studies have examined the combined effects of mindful and practical eating skills on eating behaviors. Aim: We examined associations between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors (nutritional intake and emotional eating) among pregnant women who received psychoeducation on healthy eating and pregnancies. Methods: Participants were racially-diverse pregnant women (14-42 years) from four clinical sites in Detroit, Michigan, and Nashville, Tennessee (N = 741). We conducted multiple linear regression to examine associations between mindful (hunger cues, satiety cues, mindful check-ins) and practical (food diary/journal, MyPlate method) eating skills and nutritional intake. We calculated residualized change scores to represent changes in the quality of nutritional intake from second to third trimester. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine associations between mindful and practical eating skills and emotional eating. Results: Women improved over time in eating behaviors (better nutrition, less emotional eating). Regular use of MyPlate was associated with better nutritional intake (unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.61), but food diaries were not. We found a significant interaction in predicting emotional eating: For those regularly paying attention to hunger cues, some use of MyPlate (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.39) and especially regular use of MyPlate (AOR = 0.13) reduced the likelihood of emotional eating during pregnancy. Conclusion: Enhancing both mindful and practical eating skills, such as paying attention to hunger cues, and using the MyPlate method, may facilitate pregnant women's ability to improve their eating behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogie Royce Carandang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Radin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeannette Ickovics
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shayna Cunningham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim M, Lee S, Cho E, Hong KW, You SJ, Choi HJ. CETP and APOA2 polymorphisms are associated with weight loss and healthy eating behavior changes in response to digital lifestyle modifications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21615. [PMID: 38062157 PMCID: PMC10703771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Response to digital healthcare lifestyle modifications is highly divergent. This study aimed to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and clinical efficacy of a digital healthcare lifestyle modification. We genotyped 97 obesity-related SNPs from 45 participants aged 18-39 years, who underwent lifestyle modification via digital cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity for 8 weeks. Anthropometric, eating behavior phenotypes, and psychological measures were analyzed before and after the intervention to identify their clinical efficacy. CETP (rs9939224) SNP significantly predict "super-responders" with greater body mass index (BMI) reduction (p = 0.028; GG - 2.91%, GT - 9.94%), while APOA2 (rs5082) appeared to have some potential for predicting "poor-responders" with lower BMI reduction (p = 0.005; AA - 6.17%, AG + 2.05%, and GG + 5.11%). These SNPs was also associated with significant differences in eating behavior changes, healthy diet proportions, health diet diversity, emotional and restrained eating behavior changes. Furthermore, classification using gene-gene interactions between rs9939224 and rs5082 significantly predicted the best response, with a greater decrease in BMI (p = 0.038; - 11.45% for the best response group (CEPT GT/TT × APOA2 AA) vs. + 2.62% for the worst response group (CEPT GG × APOA2 AG/GG)). CETP and APOA2 SNPs can be used as candidate markers to predict the efficacy of digital healthcare lifestyle modifications based on genotype-based precision medicine.Trial registration: NCT03465306, ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered March, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meelim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, Calit2's Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Design Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seolha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pigsborg K, Kalea AZ, De Dominicis S, Magkos F. Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:223-230. [PMID: 37335395 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability. RECENT FINDINGS There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events. The success of a weight loss intervention can be influenced by many psychological and behavioral constructs and not merely by physiological factors such as biology and genetics. These factors are difficult to capture accurately and are often overlooked. Future weight loss studies should consider assessing such factors to better understand the underlying reasons for the large interindividual variability to weight loss therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chrono-Nutrition: Circadian Rhythm and Personalized Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032571. [PMID: 36768893 PMCID: PMC9916946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circadian system has a period of approximately 24 h and studies on the consequences of "chornodisruption" have greatly expanded. Lifestyle and environmental factors of modern societies (i.e., artificial lighting, jetlag, shift work, and around-the-clock access to energy-dense food) can induce disruptions of the circadian system and thereby adversely affect individual health. Growing evidence demonstrates a complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system, in which perturbations in one system affect the other one. From a nutritional genomics perspective, genetic variants in clock genes can both influence metabolic health and modify the individual response to diet. Moreover, an interplay between the circadian rhythm, gut microbiome, and epigenome has been demonstrated, with the diet in turn able to modulate this complex link suggesting a remarkable plasticity of the underlying mechanisms. In this view, the study of the impact of the timing of eating by matching elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology, that is, chrono-nutrition, could have significant implications for personalized nutrition in terms of reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the interactions between the circadian system and nutrition, highlighting how this link could in turn influence the epigenome and microbiome. In addition, possible nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding are suggested.
Collapse
|
7
|
Emotional and intuitive eating: an emerging approach to eating behaviours related to obesity. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e19. [PMID: 36843981 PMCID: PMC9947595 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional and intuitive eating are associated with obesity. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between intuitive eating and emotional eating behaviours in adults with anthropometric measurements of obesity-related disease risk and gender. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, hip and neck circumferences were taken. Emotional Eater Questionnaire and Intuitive Eating Scale-2 were used for the assessment of eating behaviour. A total of 3742 adult individuals (56⋅8 % (n 2125) female and (n 1617) male) were participated voluntarily. The total score and subscales of EEQ were higher in females than males (P < 0⋅001). The scores of the IES-2 subscales and the total score were higher in males than females (P < 0⋅05). In metabolic risk classification according to waist and neck circumference, EEQ scale scores (except type of food) were higher in the metabolic risk group, while IES-2 (except body-food congruence in neck circumference) scores were higher in the non-risk group (P < 0⋅05). While there was a positive correlation between EEQ and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, a negative correlation was found between age and waist-hip ratio. There was a negative correlation between IES-2 and body weight, BMI, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio. In addition, a negative correlation was found between IES-2 and EEQ. Intuitive eating and emotional eating differ by gender. Anthropometric measures and metabolic disease risk is associated with emotional eating and intuitive eating. Interventions to increase intuitive and decreasing emotional eating behaviour can be effective in preventing both obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Olive Oil in the Mediterranean Diet and Its Biochemical and Molecular Effects on Cardiovascular Health through an Analysis of Genetics and Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416002. [PMID: 36555645 PMCID: PMC9782563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition is a relatively new science based on biochemistry and the effects of food constituents. Ancient medicine considered many foods as remedies for physical performance or the treatment of diseases and, since ancient times, especially Greek, Asian and pre-Christian cultures similarly thought that they had beneficial effects on health, while others believed some foods were capable of causing illness. Hippocrates described the food as a form of medicine and stated that a balanced diet could help individuals stay healthy. Understanding molecular nutrition, the interaction between nutrients and DNA, and obtaining specific biomarkers could help formulate a diet in which food is not only a food but also a drug. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil on cardiovascular risk and to identify their influence from the genetic and epigenetic point of view to understand their possible protective effects.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahati S, Qorbani M, Naghavi A, Pishva H. Association and interaction of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol, food intake and eating behaviors in overweight/obese Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 36123585 PMCID: PMC9487018 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that obesity is largely influenced by heredity and created by the interactions between several genes and environmental and behavioral factors. This study aimed to examine association between variant rs17782313 near melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and behavioral and hormonal factors then evaluated interactions between variant MC4R rs17782313 with behavioral and hormonal factors on obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 403 subjects, overweight and/or obesity, aged 20-50 years from Iran. The MC4R rs17782313 data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method. Dietary intake, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, appetite and emotional eating were assessed by using validated questionnaires. Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples. Participants were also divided into three groups based on rs17782313 genotype and BMI. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gender, energy intake and PA, significant associations were observed between food intake, appetite, emotional eating, stress and physical activity with MC4R rs17782313 (p ˂0.05). Also, significant interactions were observed between fat intake (p-interaction = 0.002), protein intake (p-interaction = 0.01), energy intake (p-interaction = 0.01), emotional eating (p-interaction = 0.02), appetite (p-interaction = 0.04), stress (p-interaction = 0.04), ghrelin (p-interaction = 0.03), cortisol (p-interaction = 0.04) and physical activity (p-interaction = 0.04) and MC4R rs17782313 in terms of BMI. CONCLUSION Interactions between the CC genotype and high intakes of fat and energy, emotional eating, high appetite, and too much stress with high levels of cortisol and ghrelin probably can have an effect on BMI in overweight/obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahati
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6447, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Anoosh Naghavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute and Department of Genetics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pishva
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6447, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knol LL, Crowe-White KM, Appel SJ, Daquin JC. Direct Yet Opposite Effects of Stress-related and Mindful Eating on Diet Quality. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:872-877. [PMID: 35835692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationships among dietary quality, mindful eating, and constructs of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, women (n = 67) aged 25-50 years, with a body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2 completed 3 days of 24-hour recalls and a survey that included the Perceived Stress Scale, Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire, and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling assessed relationships among all constructs with the dependent variable, the Healthy Eating Index-2015. RESULTS Mindful Eating Questionnaire (β = 0.60, P = 0.001) and Emotion and Stress-related Eating scores from Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (β = -0.69, P < 0.001) (r2 = 0.50) were directly associated with Healthy Eating Index-2015, but no indirect effects were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall dietary quality is associated with greater mindful eating but more emotion and stress-related eating scores among women who were overweight or obese. Future studies could assess model constructs using other diet quality scores and including additional coping mechanisms such as substance use, physical activity, and meditation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Knol
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Susan J Appel
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Jane C Daquin
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Betancourt-Núñez A, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, De Loera-Rodríguez CO, Durán-Barajas E, Márquez-Sandoval F, Bernal-Orozco MF, Garaulet M, Vizmanos B. Emotional Eating and Dietary Patterns: Reflecting Food Choices in People with and without Abdominal Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071371. [PMID: 35405983 PMCID: PMC9002960 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is food consumption in response to feelings rather than hunger. EE is related to unhealthy food intake and abdominal obesity (AO). However, little evidence exists about the association between EE and dietary patterns (DPs) and EE−AO interaction related to DPs. DPs allow describing food combinations that people usually eat. We analyzed the association of EE with DPs in adults (≥18 years) with AO (WC ≥ 80/90 cm in women/men, respectively; n = 494; 66.8% women;) or without AO (n = 269; 74.2% women) in a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis allowed identifying four DPs from 40 food groups (validated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire). Among the subjects presenting AO, being “emotional/very-emotional eater” (emotional eating questionnaire) was negatively associated with the “Healthy” DP (fruits, vegetables, olive oil, oilseeds, legumes, fish, seafood) (OR:0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88, p = 0.013) and positively with the “Snacks and fast food” DP (sweet bread, breakfast cereal, corn, potato, desserts, sweets, sugar, fast food) (OR:1.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03, p = 0.010). Emotional eaters with AO have significantly lower fiber intake, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, while they had a higher intake of sodium, lipids, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. In non-AO participants, EE was not associated with any DP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, EE is associated with unhealthy DPs in subjects with AO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - César O. De Loera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Elvira Durán-Barajas
- Coordinación General de Recursos Humanos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.V.)
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Özata Uyar G, Yildiran H. The association among circadian rhythm, circadian genes and chrononutrition, its effect on obesity: a review of current evidence. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2044631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Özata Uyar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yildiran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
López-Moreno M, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M, Iglesias López MT. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Alcohol Consumption and Emotional Eating in Spanish University Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:3174. [PMID: 34579051 PMCID: PMC8466414 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The university period may increase the risk of different unhealthy habits, such as low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, high alcohol consumption and eating in response to specific emotions. The aim of this study was to detect early-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence (ADS), the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and emotional eating in university students of the Madrid community. (2) Methods: For each individual, anthropometric parameters, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) were assessed. (3) Results: A total of 584 university students aged 20.5 (sex ratio = 0.39) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. In total, 63.6% of students showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with no differences by sex (64.3% female versus 61.5% male, p = 0.19). According to the AUDIT questionnaire, 26.2% of participants were categorized as high-risk drinkers and 7.7% as ADS. About 38.6% of the students were categorized as eating very emotionally or eating emotionally, and 37.2% were categorized as low emotional eaters. A weak positive correlation was observed between the EEQ and BMI in female students (rho= 0.15, p = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: University students in our sample showed a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, an important high-risk alcohol consumption and low emotional eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang HW, Garaulet M, Li P, Bandin C, Lin C, Lo MT, Hu K. Daily Rhythm of Fractal Cardiac Dynamics Links to Weight Loss Resistance: Interaction with CLOCK 3111T/C Genetic Variant. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072463. [PMID: 34371977 PMCID: PMC8308644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of weight loss treatment displays dramatic inter-individual variabilities, even with well-controlled energy intake/expenditure. This study aimed to determine the association between daily rhythms of cardiac autonomic control and weight loss efficiency and to explore the potential relevance to weight loss resistance in humans carrying the genetic variant C at CLOCK 3111T/C. A total of 39 overweight/obese Caucasian women (20 CLOCK 3111C carriers and 19 non-carriers) completed a behaviour–dietary obesity treatment of ~20 weeks, during which body weight was assessed weekly. Ambulatory electrocardiographic data were continuously collected for up to 3.5 days and used to quantify the daily rhythm of fractal cardiac dynamics (FCD), a non-linear measure of autonomic function. FCD showed a 24 h rhythm (p < 0.001). Independent of energy intake and physical activity level, faster weight loss was observed in individuals with the phase (peak) of the rhythm between ~2–8 p.m. and with a larger amplitude. Interestingly, the phase effect was significant only in C carriers (p = 0.008), while the amplitude effect was only significant in TT carriers (p < 0.0001). The daily rhythm of FCD and CLOCK 3111T/C genotype is linked to weight loss response interactively, suggesting complex interactions between the genetics of the circadian clock, the daily rhythm of autonomic control, and energy balance control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan;
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (M.-T.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristina Bandin
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan;
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (M.-T.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (M.-T.L.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Emotional eating. PSICO 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2021.1.35452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional Eating (EE) is defined as eating under the influence of negative emotions, and is associated with Eating Disorders, impulsivity, depression and weight gain. However, previous literature is not clear regarding how these variables explain EE. The present study aimed to identify predictors of EE and its relationship to impulsivity, depression, eating style, and weight status in young adults. Sex differences in eating style were examined, and differences in EE between obese/overweight and normal/underweight individuals were tested. Two-hundred college students completed online questionnaires assessing all variables. Low inhibitory control, depression symptoms, female sex, and higher body mass index significantly predicted scores on EE. Obese/overweight and female participants presented increased EE. Correlation analysis evidenced positive associations between EE, Uncontrolled Eating, body mass, and low inhibitory control. Results indicate that EE is related to psychological factors such as impulsivity and depression, and to biological factors, such as sex and body mass.
Collapse
|
18
|
Annesi JJ, Johnson PH. Mitigation of the effects of emotional eating on sweets consumption by treatment-associated self-regulatory skills usage in emerging adult and middle-age women with obesity. Appetite 2020; 155:104818. [PMID: 32750395 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An urge to eat in response to negative emotions or mood (emotional eating) is associated with an overconsumption of unhealthy foods such as sweets. Propensities for emotional eating is most prevalent in women, but its effects might differ by age. Within behavioral obesity treatments, it is unclear whether learned self-regulatory skills mitigate the effects of emotional eating susceptibilities on sweets intake, or if expected exercise-induced mood improvements affect the emotional eating-sweets intake relationship. Emerging adult (18-25 years-of-age; n = 43) and middle-age (45-65 years-of-age; n = 79) women with obesity participating in the same cognitive-behavioral treatment that emphasized exercise prior to eating-behavior changes were assessed on levels of propensities for emotional eating, self-regulatory skills usage, mood, and intake of sweets. There were overall significant improvements in self-regulation for eating, overall mood, and daily intake of sweets; with a significantly greater reduction in sweets in the emerging adult women. Self-regulation for eating at Month 3 significantly mediated the prediction of sweets intake at Month 6 by overall emotional eating and emotional eating related to depression. When dimensions of mood (i.e., total negative mood, depression, anxiety, anger) at Month 3 were entered into the models as possible moderators of relationships between a corresponding dimension of emotional eating and sweets intake, anxiety was found to be a significant moderator. Because sweets intake was affected by age, it should be considered in behavioral obesity interventions. Findings suggested advantages of fostering self-regulatory skills and reductions in anxiety, possibly through supported exercise, to mitigate unhealthy eating behaviors associated with propensities for emotional eating.
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng Y, Lohse B, Cunningham-Sabo L. Sex modifies the association between the CLOCK variant rs1801260 and BMI in school-age children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236991. [PMID: 32785234 PMCID: PMC7423126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms and variations in the FTO gene may interfere with energy homeostasis and play a role in the development of obesity. The current study assessed the association of common polymorphisms in the CLOCK and FTO genes with standardized body mass index scores (BMI z-scores) and their potential modification of the impact of a culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention in school-age children. Anthropometric measurements were collected in 121 children at the baseline and one-year follow-up of a controlled trial of a school-based culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention. Genotypes of the CLOCK polymorphism (rs1801260) and the FTO polymorphism (rs9939609) were obtained from buccal swabs. Linear mixed-effects regression was applied to evaluate the genetic association and adjust for clusters within families and schools. In our participants, obesity affected 6.6% (8/121) of the children at the baseline and 6.4% (7/109) of the children at the follow-up. The associations between the age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores and the two polymorphisms did not reach statistically significance. Yet, sex potentially modified the association between rs1801260 and BMI z-scores. In girls, the G allele carriers had a higher BMI z-scores at the baseline and the follow-up. These polymorphisms did not modify the effect of our culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention on BMI z-scores. Sex is a potential modifier for the association between the CLOCK polymorphism, rs1801260, and BMI z-scores in school-age children. Further investigation is warranted to delineate the sex-dependent role of the CLOCK polymorphisms in the development of childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Lohse
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stammers L, Wong L, Brown R, Price S, Ekinci E, Sumithran P. Identifying stress-related eating in behavioural research: A review. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104752. [PMID: 32305343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a commonly reported precipitant of overeating. Understanding the relationship between stress and food intake is important, particularly in view of the increasing prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this review is to examine how stress-related eating has been defined and measured in the literature to date. There are no established diagnostic criteria or gold standards for quantification of stress-related eating. Questionnaires relying on the accuracy of self-report are the mainstay of identifying people who tend to eat in response to stress and emotions. There is a paucity of clinical research linking objective measurements of stress and appetite with self-reported eating behaviour. Limitations of the methodological approaches used and the heterogeneity between studies leave significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of stress related eating, and how best to identify it. These issues are discussed, and areas for further research are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stammers
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Robyn Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarah Price
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Elif Ekinci
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mindfulness-based emotional eating awareness training: taking the emotional out of eating. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:649-657. [PMID: 30859465 PMCID: PMC7256094 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional eating is important to study and address because it predicts poor outcome in weight loss interventions. Interventions have only touched the surface in terms of addressing emotional eating. Mindfulness approaches can address emotional eating by modification of emotion regulation and appetitive traits. The current study involved development of an emotional eating-specific mindfulness intervention and assessment of its effect on appetitive traits associated with emotional eating. METHODS Participants (n = 14; age M = 29 years; 90% female) completed baseline and end-of-intervention self-report measures of emotional eating, food-cue reactivity, mindfulness, intuitive eating, emotional impulse regulation, stress, and a behavioural measure of inhibitory control. During the 6-week intervention, mindfulness meditation skills were taught weekly embedded in a psycho-educational curriculum about emotional eating. RESULTS Paired t tests, controlled for type 1 error, revealed significant improvements in food-cue reactivity, intuitive eating, emotional impulse regulation, inhibitory control and stress (ps < 0.05; d: 0.58-1.54). Changes in emotional eating approached significance (p = 0.075, d = 0.66). CONCLUSION The intervention purposefully did not focus on weight loss and recruited participants who had self-declared difficulties with emotional eating. The positive outcomes suggest that intervening with mindfulness training before weight loss is attempted has the potential to change psychological factors that underpin overeating and undermine weight loss efforts. The study provides proof of principle as a basis to design a randomized control trial to assess rigorously the effectiveness of the intervention as a precursor to a weight loss intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, uncontrolled trial.
Collapse
|
22
|
Barth B, Bizarro L, Miguel PM, Dubé L, Levitan R, O'Donnell K, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Genetically predicted gene expression of prefrontal DRD4 gene and the differential susceptibility to childhood emotional eating in response to positive environment. Appetite 2020; 148:104594. [PMID: 31927071 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic differential susceptibility states that individuals may vary both by exhibiting poor responses when exposed to adverse environments, and disproportionally benefiting from positive settings. The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) may be particularly implicated in these effects, including disturbed eating behaviors that might lead to obesity. Here, we explore differential susceptibility to positive environments according to the predicted genetically regulated gene expression of prefrontal cortex DRD4 gene. Using MAVAN as the discovery cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment) and GUSTO as the replication cohort (Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes), we analyzed the interaction between a) a Positive postnatal environmental score, that accounts for positive outcomes in the postnatal period and b) the genetically regulated gene expression of prefrontal DRD4, computed using a machine learning prediction method (PrediXcan). The outcome measures were the pro-intake domains (Emotional over-eating, Food Responsiveness, Food Enjoyment and Desire to Drink) from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 48 months of age (MAVAN) and 60 months of age (GUSTO). The interaction between the positive environment and the predicted prefrontal DRD4 gene expression was significant for emotional over-eating in MAVAN (β = -0.403, p < 0.02), in which the high gene expression group had more or less emotional eating according to the exposure to lower or higher positive environment respectively, showing evidence of differential susceptibility criteria. In the replication cohort, a similar result was found with the pro-intake domain Desire to drink (β = -0.583, p < 0.05). These results provide further evidence for the genetic differential susceptibility, accounting for the benefit of positive environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barth
- Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90.046-900, Brazil
| | - Laurette Dubé
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, 1001 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G5, Canada
| | - Robert Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kieran O'Donnell
- Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90.046-900, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194716. [PMID: 31547615 PMCID: PMC6801699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicated how dietary patterns that were obtained from nutritional cluster analysis can predict disease risk or mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation represents a background pathogenetic mechanism linking metabolic risk factors to increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. A Mediterranean diet (MeDi) style has been reported as associated with a lower degree of inflammation biomarkers and with a protective role on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. Recently, it has been reported a novel positive association between baseline plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular events and how adherence to a Mediterranean Diet-style may influence the potential negative relationship between elevated plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed the positive effects of the MeDi diet style on several cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules, and diabetes and how these advantages of the MeDi are maintained in comparison of a low-fat diet. Some studies reported a positive effect of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and heart failure incidence, whereas some recent studies, such as the PREDIMED study, showed that the incidence of major cardiovascular events was lower among those assigned to MeDi supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than among those assigned to a reduced-fat diet. New studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms, whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases, but also discussing other related diseases. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a review of the clinical effects of this dietary style underlying the biochemical and molecular effects of the Mediterranean diet. Our purpose is to review the main features of the Mediterranean diet in particular its benefits on human health, underling the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic effects to which new knowledge about epigenetic and gut-microbiota relationship is recently added.
Collapse
|
24
|
Carrière K, Khoury B, Günak MM, Knäuper B. Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:164-177. [PMID: 29076610 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies are investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for weight loss and obesity-related eating behaviours. However, the results of past reviews are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To clarify these inconsistencies, we conducted a comprehensive effect-size analysis to evaluate the efficacy of MBIs on weight loss and eating behaviours. DATA SOURCE Data sources were identified through a systematic review of studies published in journals or as dissertations in PsychINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Medline and Scopus, ProQuest or OATD from the first available date to March 10, 2017. REVIEW METHODS A total of 18 publications (19 studies, n = 1,160) were included. RESULTS Mean weight loss for MBIs at post-treatment was 6.8 and 7.5 lb at follow-up. In pre-post comparisons, effect-size estimates suggest that MBIs are moderately effective for weight loss (n = 16; Hedge's g = .42; 95% CI [.26, .59], p < .000001) and largely effective in reducing obesity-related eating behaviours (n = 10; Hedge's g = .70; CI 95% [.36, 1.04], p < .00005). Larger effects on weight loss were found in studies that used a combination of informal and formal meditation practice (n = 6; Hedge's g = .55; CI 95% [.32, .77], p < .00001) compared with formal meditation practice alone (n = 4; Hedge's g = .46; CI [.10, .83], p < .05). CONCLUSION Results suggest that MBIs are effective in reducing weight and improving obesity-related eating behaviours among individuals with overweight and obesity. Further research is needed to examine their efficacy for weight loss maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Carrière
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M M Günak
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bonnet G, Gómez-Abellán P, Vera B, Sánchez-Romera JF, Hernández-Martínez AM, Sookoian S, Pirola CJ, Garaulet M. Serotonin-transporter promoter polymorphism modulates the ability to control food intake: Effect on total weight loss. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28766852 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The biggest challenge for losing weight is the ability to control the amount of food eaten; the tendency to overeat is called disinhibition. Our aims were to determine whether (a) the SLC6A4-promoter variant (5-HTTLPR) relates to disinhibition; (b) this association could affect total weight-loss during a behavioral/dietary treatment for obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 2961 subjects attended voluntarily five weight-loss clinics; a subsample (n = 624) was recruited for SLC6A4 genotyping. Total weight-loss, emotional-eating-score and disinhibition-score were examined. We observed that: (a) the reduced ability to control food intake (disinhibition) is implicated in the impairment to lose weight; (b) SLC6A4-promoter variant is implicated in disinhibition. S carriers (low-expressing) of the SLC6A4-promoter variant had a lower inhibition capacity and showed more failure (1.6 times) to control the amount of food eaten than LL (p < 0.05); other factors such as eating while bored, overeating after work at night, or craving for specific foods were associated to the SLC6A4 genotype (p < 0.05); (c) The combination of disinhibition (high disinhibition) and genetics (S carrier) had a higher impact on total weight loss than each factor separately. CONCLUSIONS SLC6A4-promoter variant is associated with the ability to control food intake and interacts with emotional eating to modulate total weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Bonnet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Vera
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Sookoian
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research, A. Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires-CONCET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Jose Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research, A. Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires-CONCET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Garaulet M, Vera B, Bonnet-Rubio G, Gómez-Abellán P, Lee YC, Ordovás JM. Lunch eating predicts weight-loss effectiveness in carriers of the common allele at PERILIPIN1: the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1160-1166. [PMID: 27629052 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose that eating lunch late impairs the mobilization of fat from adipose tissue, particularly in carriers of PERILIPIN1 (PLIN1) variants. OBJECTIVE The aim was to test the hypothesis that PLIN1, a circadian lipid-stabilizing protein in the adipocyte, interacts with the timing of food intake to affect weight loss. DESIGN A total of 1287 overweight and obese subjects [229 men and 1058 women; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 31 ± 5] who attended outpatient obesity clinics were enrolled in the ONTIME (Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, Mediterranean) study. Timing of food intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables and PLIN1 genotypes were analyzed, including 6209T>C (rs2289487), 11482G>A (rs894160), 13041A>G (rs2304795), and 14995A>T (rs1052700). The main outcomes were effectiveness of the program and weight-loss progression during 28 wk of treatment. RESULTS The PLIN1 locus was associated with variability in response to a weight-loss program. Specifically, carrying the minor C allele at the PLIN1 6209T>C was associated with better weight-loss response (P = 0.035). The probability of being a better responder [percentage of weight loss ≥7.5% (median)] was 33% higher among C than among TT carriers (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67; P = 0.017). We found an interaction of PLIN1 × food timing between the 14995A>T variant and timing of lunch eating for total weight loss (P = 0.035). Among AA carriers, eating late was associated with less weight loss (P < 0.001), whereas time of eating did not influence weight loss among TT carriers (P = 0.326). CONCLUSIONS Variability at the PLIN1 locus is associated with variability in weight loss. Moreover, eating late is related to lower weight-loss effectiveness among carriers of the AA genotype at the PLIN1 14995A>T variant. These results contribute to our ability to implement more precise and successful obesity treatments. The ONTIME study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02829619.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Vera
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Bonnet-Rubio
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Purificación Gómez-Abellán
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Investigation, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Nutritional Genomics, Instituto Madrileno de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
It is known that our physiology changes throughout the day and that several physiological hormones display circadian rhythmicity. The alteration of this normal pattern is called chronodisruption (CD). In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD is related to obesity. Although several factors may be causing CD, one important aspect to consider is the failure in our internal clock. Indeed, studies performed in mutant animals have demonstrated that mutations in clock genes are related to obesity. In human subjects, mutations are rare (<1 % of the population). Nevertheless, it is rather common to have genetic variations in one SNP, which underlie differences in our vulnerability to disease. Several SNP in clock genes are related to obesity and weight loss. Taking into account that genetics is behind CD, as has already been demonstrated in twins’ models, the question is: Are we predestinated? We will see along these lines that nutrigenetics and epigenetics answer: ‘No, we are not predestinated’. Through nutrigenetics we know that our behaviours may interact with our genes and may decrease the deleterious effect of one specific risk variant. From epigenetics the message is even more positive: it is demonstrated that by changing our behaviours we can change our genome. Herein, we propose modifying ‘what, how, and when we eat’ as an effective tool to decrease our genetic risk, and as a consequence to diminish CD and decrease obesity. This is a novel and very promising area in obesity prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fitó M, Konstantinidou V. Nutritional Genomics and the Mediterranean Diet's Effects on Human Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2016; 8:218. [PMID: 27089360 PMCID: PMC4848687 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergies and cumulative effects among different foods and nutrients are what produce the benefits of a healthy dietary pattern. Diets and dietary patterns are a major environmental factor that we are exposed to several times a day. People can learn how to control this behavior in order to promote healthy living and aging, and to prevent diet-related diseases. To date, the traditional Mediterranean diet has been the only well-studied pattern. Stroke incidence, a number of classical risk factors including lipid profile and glycaemia, emergent risk factors such as the length of telomeres, and emotional eating behavior can be affected by genetic predisposition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet could exert beneficial effects on these risk factors. Our individual genetic make-up should be taken into account to better prevent these traits and their subsequent consequences in cardiovascular disease development. In the present work, we review the results of nutritional genomics explaining the role of the Mediterranean diet in human cardiovascular disease. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to extract knowledge from large-scale data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nutrigenetics and Nutrimiromics of the Circadian System: The Time for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:299. [PMID: 26927084 PMCID: PMC4813163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the rhythmic oscillations of life have long been known, the precise molecular mechanisms of the biological clock are only recently being explored. Circadian rhythms are found in virtually all organisms and affect our lives. Thus, it is not surprising that the correct running of this clock is essential for cellular functions and health. The circadian system is composed of an intricate network of genes interwined in an intrincated transcriptional/translational feedback loop. The precise oscillation of this clock is controlled by the circadian genes that, in turn, regulate the circadian oscillations of many cellular pathways. Consequently, variations in these genes have been associated with human diseases and metabolic disorders. From a nutrigenetics point of view, some of these variations modify the individual response to the diet and interact with nutrients to modulate such response. This circadian feedback loop is also epigenetically modulated. Among the epigenetic mechanisms that control circadian rhythms, microRNAs are the least studied ones. In this paper, we review the variants of circadian-related genes associated to human disease and nutritional response and discuss the current knowledge about circadian microRNAs. Accumulated evidence on the genetics and epigenetics of the circadian system points to important implications of chronotherapy in the clinical practice, not only in terms of pharmacotherapy, but also for dietary interventions. However, interventional studies (especially nutritional trials) that include chronotherapy are scarce. Given the importance of chronobiology in human health such studies are warranted in the near future.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zarrinpar A, Chaix A, Panda S. Daily Eating Patterns and Their Impact on Health and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:69-83. [PMID: 26706567 PMCID: PMC5081399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclical expression of cell-autonomous circadian clock components and key metabolic regulators coordinate often discordant and distant cellular processes for efficient metabolism. Perturbation of these cycles, either by genetic manipulation, disruption of light/dark cycles, or, most relevant to the human population, via eating patterns, contributes to obesity and dysmetabolism. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), during which time of access to food is restricted to a few hours, without caloric restriction, supports robust metabolic cycles and protects against nutritional challenges that predispose to obesity and dysmetabolism. The mechanism by which TRF imparts its benefits is not fully understood but likely involves entrainment of metabolically active organs through gut signaling. Understanding the relationship of feeding pattern and metabolism could yield novel therapies for the obesity pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zarrinpar
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|