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Shi Z, Luo M, Yuan J, Gao B, Yang M, Wang G. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Functional Characterization of SfUGT50A15 Reveals Its Roles in the Resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda to Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin Benzoate, and Benzoxazinoids. INSECTS 2024; 15:314. [PMID: 38786870 PMCID: PMC11122625 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are a diverse superfamily of enzymes. Insects utilize uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose) as a glycosyl donor for glycosylation in vivo, involved in the glycosylation of lipophilic endosymbionts and xenobiotics, including phytotoxins. UGTs act as second-stage detoxification metabolizing enzymes, which are essential for the detoxification metabolism of insecticides and benzoxazine compounds. However, the UGT genes responsible for specific glycosylation functions in S. frugiperda are unclear at present. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to produce a SfUGT50A15-KO strain to explore its possible function in governing sensitivity to chemical insecticides or benzoxazinoids. The bioassay results suggested that the SfUGT50A15-KO strain was significantly more sensitive to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and benzoxazinoids than the wild-type strains. This finding suggests that the overexpression of the SfUGT50A15 gene may be linked to S. frugiperda resistance to pesticides (chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate) as well as benzoxazinoids (BXDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jinxi Yuan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Bin Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agri-Environmental and Agri-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minghuan Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management—Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (B.G.); (M.Y.)
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Liu XY, Cai XY, Wu HJ, Wan Y, Wei SF, Xu HJ. Salivary proteins NlSP5 and NlSP7 are required for optimal feeding and fitness of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38629775 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva has a crucial role in determining the compatibility between piercing-sucking insects and their hosts. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a notorious pest of rice in East and Southeast Asia, secretes gelling and watery saliva when feeding on rice sap. Nlsalivap-5 (NlSP5) and Nlsalivap-7 (NlSP7) were identified as potential planthopper-specific gelling saliva components, but their biological functions remain unknown. RESULTS Here, we showed by transcriptomic analyses that NlSP5 and NlSP7 were biasedly expressed in the salivary glands of BPHs. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome-editing system, we constructed NlSP5 and NlSP7 homozygous mutants (NlSP5-/- and NlSP7-/-). Electrical penetration graph assay showed that NlSP5-/- and NlSP7-/- mutants exhibited abnormal probing and feeding behaviors. Bioassays revealed that the loss-of-function of NlSP5 and NlSP7 significantly reduced the fitness of BPHs, with extended developmental duration, shortened lifespan, reduced weight, and impaired fecundity and hatching rates. CONCLUSION These findings deepen our understanding of the BPH-host interaction and may provide potential targets for the management of rice planthoppers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Fei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Lee S, Ahn SJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of scarlet gene produces eye color mutants in the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22100. [PMID: 38500478 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology has greatly progressed research on non-model organisms, demonstrating successful applications in genome editing for various insects. However, its utilization in the case of the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, a notable pest affecting soybean crops, has not been explored due to constraints such as limited genomic information and the embryonic microinjection technique. This study presents successful outcomes in generating heritable knockout mutants for a pigment transporter gene, scarlet, in C. includens through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. The scarlet locus identified in the genome assembly of C. includens consists of 14 exons, with a coding sequence extending for 1,986 bp. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the first exon of scarlet. Microinjection of these two sgRNAs along with the Cas9 protein into fresh embryos resulted in the successful production of variable phenotypes, particularly mutant eyes. The observed mutation rate accounted for about 16%. Genotype analysis revealed diverse indel mutations at the target site, presumably originating from double-strand breaks followed by the nonhomologous end joining repair, leading to a premature stop codon due to frame shift. Single-pair mating of the mutant moths produced G1 offspring, and the establishment of a homozygous mutant strain occurred in G2. The mutant moths exhibited lightly greenish or yellowish compound eyes in both sexes, confirming the involvement of scarlet in pigmentation in C. includens. Notably, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technique serves as a visible phenotypic marker, demonstrating its proof-of-concept applicability in C. includens, as other pigment transporter genes have been utilized as visible markers to establish genetic control for various insects. These results provide the first successful case that the CRISPR/Cas9 method effectively induces mutations in C. includes, an economically important soybean insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Scheler J, Binder U. Alternative in-vivo models of mucormycosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1343834. [PMID: 38362495 PMCID: PMC10867140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1343834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is still regarded a rare fungal infection, but the high incidences of COVID-associated cases in India and other countries have shown its potential threat to large patient cohorts. In addition, infections by these fast-growing fungi are often fatal and cause disfigurement, badly affecting patients' lives. In advancing our understanding of pathogenicity factors involved in this disease, to enhance the diagnostic toolset and to evaluate novel treatment regimes, animal models are indispensable. As ethical and practical considerations typically favor the use of alternative model systems, this review provides an overview of alternative animal models employed for mucormycosis and discusses advantages and limitations of the respective model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
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Dubey AK, Mostafavi E. Biomaterials-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery: recent challenges and opportunities in gene therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1259435. [PMID: 37841202 PMCID: PMC10568484 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1259435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 for gene therapy in infectious diseases holds tremendous potential. This innovative approach combines the advantages of CRISPR/Cas9 with the protective properties of biomaterials, enabling accurate and efficient gene editing while enhancing safety. Biomaterials play a vital role in shielding CRISPR/Cas9 components, such as lipid nanoparticles or viral vectors, from immunological processes and degradation, extending their effectiveness. By utilizing the flexibility of biomaterials, tailored systems can be designed to address specific genetic diseases, paving the way for personalized therapeutics. Furthermore, this delivery method offers promising avenues in combating viral illnesses by precisely modifying pathogen genomes, and reducing their pathogenicity. Biomaterials facilitate site-specific gene modifications, ensuring effective delivery to infected cells while minimizing off-target effects. However, challenges remain, including optimizing delivery efficiency, reducing off-target effects, ensuring long-term safety, and establishing scalable production techniques. Thorough research, pre-clinical investigations, and rigorous safety evaluations are imperative for successful translation from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we discussed how CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using biomaterials revolutionizes gene therapy and infectious disease treatment, offering precise and safe editing capabilities with the potential to significantly improve human health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Global Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Han WK, Tang FX, Gao HL, Wang Y, Yu N, Jiang JJ, Liu ZW. Co-CRISPR: A valuable toolkit for mutation enrichment in the gene editing of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:625-636. [PMID: 36169087 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied in dozens of diverse species; although the screening of successful CRISPR/Cas9 editing events remains particularly laborious, especially for those that occur at relatively low frequency. Recently, a co-CRISPR strategy was proved to enrich the desired CRISPR events. Here, the co-CRISPR strategy was developed in the Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, with kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene (kmo) as a marker. The kmo mosaics induced by single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs)/Cas9 displayed the darker green color phenotype in larvae, compared with wild type (brown), and mosaic-eye adults were significantly acquired from the mosaic larvae group. In the kmo knockout strain, no significant difference was observed in larval development and adult reproduction. Acetylcholinesterase 2 (ace2) and Wnt1 were selected as target genes to construct the co-CRISPR strategy using kmo marker. By co-injection of kmo and ace2 sgRNAs, the mutant efficiency of ace2 was significantly increased in the kmo mosaic (larvae or adults) groups. Similarly, more malformed pupae with Wnt1 mutations were observed in the darker green larvae group. Taken together, these results demonstrated that kmo was a suitable visible marker gene for the application and extension of co-CRISPR strategy in Fall armyworm. Using darker green color in larvae or mosaic-eye in adults from kmo knockout as a marker, the mutant efficiency of a target gene could be enriched in a Fall armyworm group consisting of marked individuals. The co-CRISPR strategy is helpful for gene function studies by the knockout technique with no or lethal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Xian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, China
| | - Ze-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Liu XY, Yan R, Chen SJ, Zhang JL, Xu HJ. Orco mutagenesis causes deficiencies in olfactory sensitivity and fertility in the migratory brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1030-1039. [PMID: 36354196 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is the most destructive pest affecting rice plants in Asia and feeds exclusively on rice. Studies have investigated the olfactory response of BPHs to the major rice volatile compounds in rice. The insect olfactory co-receptor (Orco) is a crucial component of the olfactory system and is essential for odorant detection. Functional analysis of the Orco gene in BPHs would aid in the identification of their host preference. RESULTS We identified the BPH Orco homologue (NlOrco) by Blast searching the BPH transcriptome with the Drosophila Orco gene sequence. Spatiotemporal analysis indicated that NlOrco is first expressed in the later egg stage, and is expressed mainly in the antennae in adult females. A NlOrco-knockout line (NlOrco-/- ) was generated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. The NlOrco-/- mutants showed no response to rice volatile compounds and consequently no host-plant preference. In addition, NlOrco-/- mutants exhibited extended nymphal duration and impaired fecundity compared with wild-type BPHs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that BPHs exhibit strong olfactory responses to major rice volatile compounds and suggest that NlOrco is required for the maximal fitness of BPHs. Our results may facilitate the identification of potential target genes or chemical compounds for BPH control applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sun-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Shirk BD, Shirk PD, Furlong RB, Scully ED, Wu K, Siegfried BD. Gene editing of the ABC Transporter/White locus using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the Indian Meal Moth. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 145:104471. [PMID: 36539178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins are involved in transport of substrates across membranes including eye pigments. Mutations of ABC transporter white, brown and scarlet genes of Drosophila and other insects result in visible eye color phenotypes. White locus was identified in a genome assembly of Plodia interpunctella and was found to extend for 16,670 bp comprising 13 exons. We report here recovery of heritable mutants in white in the Indian meal moth, P. interpunctella, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. A white eye strain of P. interpunctella c.737delC (Piw-/-) was previously isolated in 1986. Guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed for exon 1 (sgRNA242). Microinjection of Cas9/sgRNA242 complex into Plodia wild type eggs (≤20 min post oviposition) produced 156 viable larvae of which 81 eclosed as adults. Forty-five (56 %) adults displayed wild type phenotype, while 26 females (32 %) and 10 males (12 %) showed full or partial white eye phenotype. The 26 white eye females were mated with Piw-/- males and 21 matings resulted in F1 white eye progeny. Thirteen of the Piw-242 lines were established and sequencing showed indels at the CRISPR/Cas9 242AM site. Based on RT-PCR analysis, most white mutations resulted in suppressed levels of transcript. These results demonstrate the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in Plodia which suggests this technology can be used to characterize the role of various genetic elements including those that encode novel targets or confer insecticide resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D Shirk
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paul D Shirk
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; USDA-ARS CMAVE IBBRU, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Richard B Furlong
- USDA-ARS CMAVE IBBRU, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Erin D Scully
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR-SPIERU, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Entomology & Nematology Department, PO Box 11620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rabaan AA, AlSaihati H, Bukhamsin R, Bakhrebah MA, Nassar MS, Alsaleh AA, Alhashem YN, Bukhamseen AY, Al-Ruhimy K, Alotaibi M, Alsubki RA, Alahmed HE, Al-Abdulhadi S, Alhashem FA, Alqatari AA, Alsayyah A, Farahat RA, Abdulal RH, Al-Ahmed AH, Imran M, Mohapatra RK. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Cancer Treatment: A Future Direction. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1954-1976. [PMID: 36826113 PMCID: PMC9955208 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing, especially with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), has advanced gene function science. Gene editing's rapid advancement has increased its medical/clinical value. Due to its great specificity and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 can accurately and swiftly screen the whole genome. This simplifies disease-specific gene therapy. To study tumor origins, development, and metastasis, CRISPR/Cas9 can change genomes. In recent years, tumor treatment research has increasingly employed this method. CRISPR/Cas9 can treat cancer by removing genes or correcting mutations. Numerous preliminary tumor treatment studies have been conducted in relevant fields. CRISPR/Cas9 may treat gene-level tumors. CRISPR/Cas9-based personalized and targeted medicines may shape tumor treatment. This review examines CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor therapy research, which will be helpful in providing references for future studies on the pathogenesis of malignancy and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Hajir AlSaihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Bukhamsin
- Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A. Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef N. Alhashem
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Y. Bukhamseen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Al-Ruhimy
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14235, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alotaibi
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14235, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hejji E. Alahmed
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Hospital, Al Hofuf 36441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Saleh Office for Medical Genetic and Genetic Counseling Services, The House of Expertise, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Dammam 32411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah A. Alhashem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hematopathology Division, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam A. Alqatari
- Hematopathology Department, Clinical Pathology, Al-Dorr Specialist Medical Center, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Al-Ahmed
- Dammam Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, India
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Liang Y, Xu W, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Tian H, Wu X, Xu Y, Wang H. Midgut membrane protein BmSUH facilitates Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus oral infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010938. [PMID: 36383572 PMCID: PMC9668127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are virulent pathogens that infect a wide range of insects. They initiate infections via specific interactions between the structural proteins on the envelopes of occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) and the midgut cell surface receptors in hosts. However, host factors that are hijacked by baculoviruses for efficient infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a membrane-associated protein sucrose hydrolase (BmSUH) as an ODV binding factor during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) primary infection. BmSUH was specifically expressed in the midgut microvilli where the ODV-midgut fusion happened. Knockout of BmSUH by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significantly higher survival rate after BmNPV orally infection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that PIF protein complex required for ODV binding could interact with BmSUH. Furthermore, fluorescence dequenching assay showed that the amount of ODV binding and fusion to the midgut decreased in BmSUH mutants compared to wild-type silkworm, suggesting the role of BmSUH as an ODV binding factor that mediates the ODV entry process. Based on a multilevel survey, the data showed that BmSUH acted as a host factor that facilitates BmNPV oral infection. More generally, this study indicated that disrupting essential protein-protein interactions required for baculovirus efficient entry may be broadly applicable to against viral infection. Baculoviridae is a large family of pathogens that infect insects and frequently cause fatal diseases. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a major threat to the sericulture industry. Although we have learned a lot about baculoviruses over the past several decades, the detailed interaction patterns between host proteins and viral proteins that lead to infection remain underexplored. Here, we determined that BmSUH, a midgut microvilli protein, was required for the efficient oral infection of BmNPV. Our research suggests that BmSUH mediates the entry of occlusion-derived virions into the midgut epithelia by interacting with per os infectivity factors. According to the findings, inhibition of viral binding to host cells is an attractive strategy to prevent infection. This study provides an approach for preventing BmNPV infection through developing genetic resistance to viruses by using CRISPR/Cas9 system to abolish the host factors that are essential for viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifan Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fan XB, Mo BT, Li GC, Huang LQ, Guo H, Gong XL, Wang CZ. Mutagenesis of the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) reveals severe olfactory defects in the crop pest moth Helicoverpa armigera. BMC Biol 2022; 20:214. [PMID: 36175945 PMCID: PMC9524114 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odorant receptors (ORs) as odorant-gated ion channels play a crucial role in insect olfaction. They are formed by a heteromultimeric complex of the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) and a ligand-selective Or. Other types of olfactory receptor proteins, such as ionotropic receptors (IRs) and some gustatory receptors (GRs), are also involved in the olfactory system of insects. Orco as an obligatory subunit of ORs is highly conserved, providing an opportunity to systematically evaluate OR-dependent olfactory responses. RESULTS Herein, we successfully established a homozygous mutant (Orco-/-) of Helicoverpa armigera, a notorious crop pest, using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. We then compared the olfactory response characteristics of wild type (WT) and Orco-/- adults and larvae. Orco-/- males were infertile, while Orco-/- females were fertile. The lifespan of Orco-/- females was longer than that of WT females. The expressions of most Ors, Irs, and other olfaction-related genes in adult antennae of Orco-/- moths were not obviously affected, but some of them were up- or down-regulated. In addition, there was no change in the neuroanatomical phenotype of Orco-/- moths at the level of the antennal lobe (including the macroglomerular complex region of the male). Using EAG and SSR techniques, we discovered that electrophysiological responses of Orco-/- moths to sex pheromone components and many host plant odorants were absent. The upwind flight behaviors toward sex pheromones of Orco-/- males were severely reduced in a wind tunnel experiment. The oviposition selectivity of Orco-/- females to the host plant (green pepper) has completely disappeared, and the chemotaxis toward green pepper was also lost in Orco-/- larvae. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that OR-mediated olfaction is essential for pheromone communication, oviposition selection, and larval chemotaxis of H. armigera, suggesting a strategy in which mate searching and host-seeking behaviors of moth pests could be disrupted by inhibiting or silencing Orco expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Fan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Tong Mo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiao Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Lin Gong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Zhu Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Pacheco ID, Walling LL, Atkinson PW. Gene Editing and Genetic Control of Hemipteran Pests: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900785. [PMID: 35747496 PMCID: PMC9209771 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the order Hemiptera can be traced to the late Permian Period more than 230 MYA, well before the origin of flowering plants 100 MY later in during the Cretaceous period. Hemipteran species consume their liquid diets using a sucking proboscis; for phytophagous hemipterans their mouthparts (stylets) are elegant structures that enable voracious feeding from plant xylem or phloem. This adaptation has resulted in some hemipteran species becoming globally significant pests of agriculture resulting in significant annual crop losses. Due to the reliance on chemical insecticides for the control of insect pests in agricultural settings, many hemipteran pests have evolved resistance to insecticides resulting in an urgent need to develop new, species-specific and environmentally friendly methods of pest control. The rapid advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technologies in model insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum, Bombyx mori, and Aedes aegypti has spurred a new round of innovative genetic control strategies in the Diptera and Lepidoptera and an increased interest in assessing genetic control technologies for the Hemiptera. Genetic control approaches in the Hemiptera have, to date, been largely overlooked due to the problems of introducing genetic material into the germline of these insects. The high frequency of CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis in model insect species suggest that, if the delivery problem for Hemiptera could be solved, then gene editing in the Hemiptera might be quickly achieved. Significant advances in CRISPR/Cas9 editing have been realized in nine species of Hemiptera over the past 4 years. Here we review progress in the Hemiptera and discuss the challenges and opportunities for extending contemporary genetic control strategies into species in this agriculturally important insect orderr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaiara D. Pacheco
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Peter W. Atkinson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter W. Atkinson,
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13
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Li R, Meng Q, Qi J, Hu L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Sun J. Microinjection-based CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in the decapoda crustaceans, Neocaridina heteropoda and Eriocheir sinensis. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274276. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been applied to many arthropods. However, application of this technology to crustaceans remains limited due to the unique characteristics of embryos. Our group has developed a microinjection system to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 system into Neocaridina heteropoda embryos (one-cell stage). Using the developed method, we mutated the target gene Nh-scarlet (N. heteropoda scarlet), which functions in eye development and pigmentation. The results showed that both eye color and shape were altered in individuals in which Nh-scarlet was knocked out. Furthermore, this system was also successfully applied to another decapod crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis. DNA sequencing revealed that the zoeae with red eyes had an edited version of Es-scarlet. This study provides a stable microinjection method for freshwater crustaceans, and will contribute to functional genomics studies in various decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghao Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Lezhen Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li Q, Jin M, Yu S, Cheng Y, Shan Y, Wang P, Yuan H, Xiao Y. Knockout of the ABCB1 Gene Increases Susceptibility to Emamectin Benzoate, Beta-Cypermethrin and Chlorantraniliprole in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020137. [PMID: 35206711 PMCID: PMC8875147 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1, or P-glycoprotein) is known to be an important participant in multidrug resistance in mammals, and it also has been proved as a transporter for some insecticides in several lepidopteran insects, yet the precise function of this transporter in Spodoptera frugiperda is unknown. Here, we generated a SfABCB1 knockout strain of the S. frugiperda using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to explore its potential roles in determining susceptibility to chemical insecticides or Bt toxins. Bioassay results showed that the susceptibility of SfABCB1 knockout strain to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate were significantly increased compared with the wild-type strain DH19, whereas there were no changes to Bt toxins for Cry1Ab, Cry1Fa and Vip3Aa. Our results revealed that SfABCB1 plays important roles in the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate, and imply that overexpression of ABCB1 may contribute to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate resistance in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Minghui Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Songmiao Yu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Yinxue Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Haibin Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (M.J.); (S.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.X.)
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15
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Pandiyan R, Sugumaran A, Samiappan S, Sengottaiyan P, Ayyaru S, Dharmaraj S, Ashokkumar V, Pugazhendhi A. Fabrication and characterization of in vitro 2D skin model – An attempt to establish scaffold for tissue engineering. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Xue WH, Xu N, Chen SJ, Liu XY, Zhang JL, Xu HJ. Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009653. [PMID: 34181658 PMCID: PMC8270448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A single insulin receptor (InR) gene has been identified and extensively studied in model species ranging from nematodes to mice. However, most insects possess additional copies of InR, yet the functional significance, if any, of alternate InRs is unknown. Here, we used the wing-dimorphic brown planthopper (BPH) as a model system to query the role of a second InR copy in insects. NlInR2 resembled the BPH InR homologue (NlInR1) in terms of nymph development and reproduction, but revealed distinct regulatory roles in fuel metabolism, lifespan, and starvation tolerance. Unlike a lethal phenotype derived from NlInR1 null, homozygous NlInR2 null mutants were viable and accelerated DNA replication and cell proliferation in wing cells, thus redirecting short-winged–destined BPHs to develop into long-winged morphs. Additionally, the proper expression of NlInR2 was needed to maintain symmetric vein patterning in wings. Our findings provide the first direct evidence for the regulatory complexity of the two InR paralogues in insects, implying the functionally independent evolution of multiple InRs in invertebrates. The highly conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in growth, development, and various physiological processes across a wide phylogeny of organisms. Unlike a single InR in the model species such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, most insect lineages have two or even three InR copies. However, the function of the alternative InRs remains elusive. Here, we created a homozygous mutation for a second insulin receptor (InR2) in the wing-dimorphic brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Our findings revealed that InR2 possesses functions distinct from the BPH InR homologue (NlInR1), indicating that multiple InR paralogues may have evolved independently and may have functionally diversified in ways more complex than previously expected in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Xue
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sun-Jie Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yang Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Brady D, Saviane A, Cappellozza S, Sandrelli F. An Efficient Workflow for Screening and Stabilizing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutant Lines in Bombyx mori. Methods Protoc 2020; 4:mps4010004. [PMID: 33383791 PMCID: PMC7839013 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic silkworm Bombyx mori is extensively studied as a model organism for lepidopteran genetics and has an economic value in silk production. Silkworms also have applications in biomedical and cosmetic industries, and the production of mutant B. mori strains significantly enhances basic and applied silkworm research. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is being rapidly adopted as the most efficient molecular tool for generating silkworm lines carrying mutations in target genes. Here we illustrate a complete and efficient workflow to screen, characterize rapidly and follow mutations through generations, allowing the generation of B. mori lines, stably inheriting single CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations. This approach relies on the use of different molecular methods, the heteroduplex assay, cloning followed by Sanger sequencing, and the amplification refractory mutation system PCR. The use of these methodologies in a sequential combination allows the identification of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in genes mapping on both autosomes and sex chromosomes, and the selection of appropriate individuals to found stable mutant B. mori lines. This protocol could be further applied to screen CRISPR/Cas9 mutations in haploid insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brady
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-049-8276216 (F.S.)
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Sericulture Laboratory, 35143 Padova, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Sericulture Laboratory, 35143 Padova, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-049-8276216 (F.S.)
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Koidou V, Denecke S, Ioannidis P, Vlatakis I, Livadaras I, Vontas J. Efficient genome editing in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:363-372. [PMID: 32141659 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, causes great damage to the quality and quantity of olive production worldwide. Pest management approaches have proved difficult for a variety of reasons, a fact that has brought about a need for alternative tools and approaches. Here we report for the first time in B. oleae the development of the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing tool, using the well-known eye colour marker gene scarlet. Two synthetic guide RNAs targeting the coding region of the scarlet gene were synthesized and shown to work efficiently in vitro. These reagents were then microinjected along with purified Cas9 protein into early-stage embryos. Successful CRISPR-induced mutations of both copies of the scarlet gene showed a striking yellow eye phenotype, indicative of gene disruption. Multiple successful CRISPR events were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The establishment of an efficient CRISPR-based gene editing tool in B. oleae will enable the study of critical molecular mechanisms in olive fruit fly biology and physiology, including the analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms and the discovery of novel insecticide targets, as well as facilitate the development of novel biotechnology-based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Koidou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - S Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Vlatakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Livadaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tomoyasu Y, Halfon MS. How to study enhancers in non-traditional insect models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/Suppl_1/jeb212241. [PMID: 32034049 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers are central to the function and evolution of genes and gene regulation. At the organismal level, enhancers play a crucial role in coordinating tissue- and context-dependent gene expression. At the population level, changes in enhancers are thought to be a major driving force that facilitates evolution of diverse traits. An amazing array of diverse traits seen in insect morphology, physiology and behavior has been the subject of research for centuries. Although enhancer studies in insects outside of Drosophila have been limited, recent advances in functional genomic approaches have begun to make such studies possible in an increasing selection of insect species. Here, instead of comprehensively reviewing currently available technologies for enhancer studies in established model organisms such as Drosophila, we focus on a subset of computational and experimental approaches that are likely applicable to non-Drosophila insects, and discuss the pros and cons of each approach. We discuss the importance of validating enhancer function and evaluate several possible validation methods, such as reporter assays and genome editing. Key points and potential pitfalls when establishing a reporter assay system in non-traditional insect models are also discussed. We close with a discussion of how to advance enhancer studies in insects, both by improving computational approaches and by expanding the genetic toolbox in various insects. Through these discussions, this Review provides a conceptual framework for studying the function and evolution of enhancers in non-traditional insect models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc S Halfon
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Ma SY, Smagghe G, Xia QY. Genome editing in Bombyx mori: New opportunities for silkworm functional genomics and the sericulture industry. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:964-972. [PMID: 29845729 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research in life sciences has been remarkably revolutionized owing to the establishment, development and application of genome editing technologies. Genome editing has not only accelerated fundamental research but has also shown promising applications in agricultural breeding and therapy. In particular, the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology has become an indispensable tool in molecular biology owing to its high efficacy and simplicity. Genome editing tools have also been established in silkworm (Bombyx mori), a model organism of Lepidoptera insects with high economic importance. This has remarkably improved the level and scope of silkworm research and could reveal new mechanisms or targets in basic entomology and pest management studies. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential of genome editing in silkworm and its applications in functional genomic studies for generating novel genetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qing-You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Zhang X, Xia L, Day BA, Harris TI, Oliveira P, Knittel C, Licon AL, Gong C, Dion G, Lewis RV, Jones JA. CRISPR/Cas9 Initiated Transgenic Silkworms as a Natural Spinner of Spider Silk. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2252-2264. [PMID: 31059233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using transgenic silkworms with their natural spinning apparatus has proven to be a promising way to spin spider silk-like fibers. The challenges are incorporating native-size spider silk proteins and achieving an inheritable transgenic silkworm strain. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9 initiated fixed-point strategy was used to successfully incorporate spider silk protein genes into the Bombyx mori genome. Native-size spider silk genes (up to 10 kb) were inserted into an intron of the fibroin heavy or light chain (FibH or FibL) ensuring that any sequence changes induced by the CRISPR/Cas9 would not impact protein production. The resulting fibers are as strong as native spider silks (1.2 GPa tensile strength). The transgenic silkworms have been tracked for several generations with normal inheritance of the transgenes. This strategy demonstrates the feasibility of using silkworms as a natural spider silk spinner for industrial production of high-performance fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chelsea Knittel
- College of Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Geneviève Dion
- Westphal College of Media Arts and Design , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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22
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Zheng W, Li Q, Sun H, Ali MW, Zhang H. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9-mediated mutagenesis of the multiple edematous wings gene induces muscle weakness and flightlessness in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:222-234. [PMID: 30260055 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system is a versatile, efficient and heritable gene editing tool that can be useful for genome engineering. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of agriculture that causes great economic losses. We used the B. dorsalis multiple edematous wings (Bdmew) gene as the target gene to explore the effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 for B. dorsalis genome manipulation. We studied the physiological functions of the Bdmew gene, particularly those related to muscle development. Site-specific genome editing was feasible using direct microinjection of specific guide RNA and the Cas9-plasmid into B. dorsalis embryos. Mutation frequencies ranged from 12.1 to 30.2% in the injected generation. Mosaic G0, with the mew mutation, was heritable to the next generation. The G1 displayed a series of defective phenotypes including muscle weakness, flightlessness, failure to eclose, wing folds and unbalanced movement. These results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 can act as a highly specific, efficient, heritable tool for genome manipulation in B. dorsalis and this has significance for gene function research and genetic control of pests. The Bdmew gene possesses key functions in muscle development of B. dorsalis. Bdmew mutations cause a series of serious defects by interfering with muscle development and may provide a means for controlling B. dorsalis via a gene-based method such as gene drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Waqar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, China-Australia Joint Research Center for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Roy B, Zhao J, Yang C, Luo W, Xiong T, Li Y, Fang X, Gao G, Singh CO, Madsen L, Zhou Y, Kristiansen K. CRISPR/Cascade 9-Mediated Genome Editing-Challenges and Opportunities. Front Genet 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 30026755 PMCID: PMC6042012 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Cascade 9 (also known as Cas9, CRISPR associated protein 9) confer protection against invading viruses or plasmids. The CRISPR/Cascade 9 system constitutes one of the most powerful genome technologies available to researchers today. So far, this technology has enabled efficient genome editing and modification in several model organisms and has successfully been used in biomedicine and biomedical engineering. However, challenges for efficient and safe genetic manipulation in several organisms persist. Here, we review functional approaches and future challenges associated with the use of the CRISPR/Cascade 9 genome editing system and discuss opportunities, ethical issues and future directions within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chao Yang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Luo
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng Xiong
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Guanjun Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chabungbam O Singh
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yong Zhou
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Chen X, Cao Y, Zhan S, Zhang Y, Tan A, Huang Y. Identification of yellow gene family in Agrotis ipsilon and functional analysis of Aiyellow-y by CRISPR/Cas9. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:1-9. [PMID: 29337139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The yellow gene family has been identified in several model insects, but yellow genes were poorly identified in non-model insects and the functions of yellow genes are largely unknown. In this study, we identified seven yellow genes in an important agricultural pest Agrotis ipsilon. Each gene encodes a protein containing a major royal jelly domain. Phylogenetic analysis defined these genes as yellow-y, -b, -b2, -c, -d, -e, and -h, respectively. The A. ipsilon yellow genes yellow-b, -b2, and -c were stably expressed in all developmental stages and tissues analyzed, whereas the other four yellow genes had unique expression patterns, suggesting distinct physiological roles of each gene. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we successfully disrupted yellow-y in A. ipsilon and obtained G0 insects with somatic mutations. Unlike the black of wild-type newly hatched larvae and of adults, the mutants were yellow, although in the pupal stage mutant coloration did not differ from wild-type coloration. This phenotype was inherited by G1 offspring. The G0 mutants did not show any growth deficiency compared with control insects; however, a dehydration-like phenotype was observed in newly hatched G1 larvae from sibling crossed mutants. Our results indicate that A. ipsilon yellow-y gene plays a role in body pigmentation and also might function in waterproofing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi'en Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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25
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Zuo YY, Huang JL, Wang J, Feng Y, Han TT, Wu YD, Yang YH. Knockout of a P-glycoprotein gene increases susceptibility to abamectin and emamectin benzoate in Spodoptera exigua. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:36-45. [PMID: 28753233 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein [P-gp or the ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1)] is an important participant in multidrug resistance of cancer cells, yet the precise function of this arthropod transporter is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of P-gp for susceptibility to insecticides in the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene-editing technology. We cloned an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the S. exigua P-gp protein (SeP-gp) predicted to display structural characteristics common to P-gp and other insect ABCB1 transporters. A knockout line with a frame shift deletion of four nucleotides in the SeP-gp ORF was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system to test its potential role in determining susceptibility to chemical insecticides or insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Results from comparative bioassays demonstrate that knockout of SeP-gp significantly increases susceptibility of S. exigua by around threefold to abamectin and emamectin benzoate (EB), but not to spinosad, chlorfenapyr, beta-cypermethrin, carbosulfan indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, phoxim, diafenthiuron, chlorfluazuron, chlorantraniliprole or two Bt toxins (Cry1Ca and Cry1Fa). Our data support an important role for SeP-gp in susceptibility of S. exigua to abamectin and EB and imply that overexpression of SeP-gp may contribute to abamectin and EB resistance in S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Zuo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J-L Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T-T Han
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-D Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-H Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Xue WH, Xu N, Yuan XB, Chen HH, Zhang JL, Fu SJ, Zhang CX, Xu HJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of two eye pigmentation genes in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:19-26. [PMID: 29241845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive insect pests in Asia, demonstrating high fertility and causing huge crop losses by sucking sap of rice as well as transmitting viruses. However, functional genomic studies on N. lugens are seriously constrained by lack of genetic tools. Here, we employed two eye pigmentation genes to generate germ-line mutations in N. lugens using the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) system. We showed that injection of single guide RNA of the cinnabar gene of N. lugens (Nl-cn) into pre-blastoderm eggs induced insertion and deletion (indels) in the founder generation (G0), which were heritably transmitted to the following G1 generation, leading to bright red compound eyes and ocelli. Mutations of N. lugens white (Nl-w) generated a high mutant rate of up to 27.3%, resulting in mosaic eyes consisting of white and lightly pigmented ommatidia in both G0 and G1 individuals. The specificity of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis was further bolstered by PCR and RNA interference-based knockdown analysis. These results show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing is achievable in a hemipteran insect, offering a valuable tool for the study of functional genomics and pest management in this planthopper species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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27
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Zhang H, Kiuchi T, Hirayama C, Katsuma S, Shimada T. Bombyx ortholog of the Drosophila eye color gene brown controls riboflavin transport in Malpighian tubules. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 92:65-72. [PMID: 29191464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila eye color gene brown is known to control the transport of pteridine precursors in adult eyes. The Brown protein belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family, which includes proteins encoded by the genes brown, scarlet, and white. These genes are responsible for pigmentation in Drosophila and the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori. Although orthologs of brown are conserved among insects, the function of this gene is only known in Drosophila. Here, we elucidated the function of the B. mori ortholog Bm-brown. We examined the spatial and temporal expression profiles of Bm-brown and found that this gene was specifically and continuously expressed in larval Malpighian tubules (MTs), indicating this gene has a special function in MTs. We then successfully obtained a Bm-brown knockout (KO) strain based on a wild-type (WT) strain using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system. We found that larval MTs of the KO strain were white, whereas those of WT were yellow. It is known that larval yellow MTs of WT are due to the accumulation of riboflavin. Therefore, we compared the riboflavin contents of MTs of KO and WT strains, and found that the riboflavin level in the KO strain was 20 fold less than that in WT during the 5th instar period. MTs are known to exhibit a similar milky color in w-3 mutant larvae due to a deficiency of riboflavin accumulation. The responsible gene for w-3 mutant is the Bmwh3 gene, which is orthologous to Drosophila white. Thus, we speculate that Bm-brown is heterodimerized with Bmwh3, similar to Brown/White in Drosophila, and acts as a riboflavin transporter in silkworm MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirayama
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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28
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Li M, Bui M, Yang T, Bowman CS, White BJ, Akbari OS. Germline Cas9 expression yields highly efficient genome engineering in a major worldwide disease vector, Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10540-E10549. [PMID: 29138316 PMCID: PMC5724270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711538114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has dramatically increased the accessibility and efficiency of genome editing in many organisms. In general, in vivo germline expression of Cas9 results in substantially higher activity than embryonic injection. However, no transgenic lines expressing Cas9 have been developed for the major mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti Here, we describe the generation of multiple stable, transgenic Ae. aegypti strains expressing Cas9 in the germline, resulting in dramatic improvements in both the consistency and efficiency of genome modifications using CRISPR. Using these strains, we disrupted numerous genes important for normal morphological development, and even generated triple mutants from a single injection. We have also managed to increase the rates of homology-directed repair by more than an order of magnitude. Given the exceptional mutagenic efficiency and specificity of the Cas9 strains we engineered, they can be used for high-throughput reverse genetic screens to help functionally annotate the Ae. aegypti genome. Additionally, these strains represent a step toward the development of novel population control technologies targeting Ae. aegypti that rely on Cas9-based gene drives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Michelle Bui
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Christian S Bowman
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Bradley J White
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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29
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Sun D, Guo Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Progress and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas Systems in Insects and Other Arthropods. Front Physiol 2017; 8:608. [PMID: 28932198 PMCID: PMC5592444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated gene Cas9 represent an invaluable system for the precise editing of genes in diverse species. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an adaptive mechanism that enables bacteria and archaeal species to resist invading viruses and phages or plasmids. Compared with zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the advantage of requiring less time and effort. This efficient technology has been used in many species, including diverse arthropods that are relevant to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and public health; however, there is no review that systematically summarizes its successful application in the editing of both insect and non-insect arthropod genomes. Thus, this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive and impartial overview of the progress of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in different arthropods, reviewing not only fundamental studies related to gene function exploration and experimental optimization but also applied studies in areas such as insect modification and pest control. In addition, we also describe the latest research advances regarding two novel CRISPR/Cas systems (CRISPR/Cpf1 and CRISPR/C2c2) and discuss their future prospects for becoming crucial technologies in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan UniversityChangsha, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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30
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Ye ZF, Liu XL, Han Q, Liao H, Dong XT, Zhu GH, Dong SL. Functional characterization of PBP1 gene in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8470. [PMID: 28814748 PMCID: PMC5559583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) are thought to play crucial roles in perception of the sex pheromones particularly in noctuid moths, but this is rarely in vivo evidenced due to lacking an effective technique. Here, we reported an in vivo functional study of PBP1 in the important lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa armigera (HarmPBP1), by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Efficient and heritable mutagenesis was achieved by egg injection of mixture of Cas9-mRNA and HarmPBP1-sgRNA. The TA cloning and sequencing revealed various insertion and/or deletion (indel) mutations at the target site. Among those, one mutation resulted in a premature stop codon at the target site, which led to a highly truncated protein with only 10 amino acids. The HarmPBP1 with this mutation would completely loss its function, and thus was used to select the homozygous mutant insects for functional analysis. The electroantennogram recording showed that the mutant male adults displayed severely impaired responses to all three sex pheromone components (Z11-16:Ald, Z9-16:Ald and Z9-14:Ald). Our study provides the first in vivo evidence that HarmPBP1 plays important role in perception of female sex pheromones, and also an effective methodology for using CRISPR/Cas9 system in functional genetic study in H. armigera as well as other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Feng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guan-Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Garczynski SF, Martin JA, Griset M, Willett LS, Cooper WR, Swisher KD, Unruh TR. CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) CpomOR1 Gene Affects Egg Production and Viability. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1847-1855. [PMID: 28854653 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of pome fruit worldwide. Incorporation of semiochemicals, including the main sex pheromone (codlemone), into codling moth IPM programs has drastically reduced the amount of chemical insecticides needed to control this orchard pest. Odorant receptors located in sensory neuron membranes in the antennae are key sensors in the detection of semiochemicals and trigger downstream signaling events leading to a behavioral response. CpomOR1 is an odorant receptor belonging to the pheromone receptor subfamily in codling moth, and is a prime candidate for being a codlemone receptor based on its high expression levels in male antennae. In this study, the CpomOR1 gene was targeted using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to knockdown functional OR1 protein production to determine physiological function(s). By injecting early stage eggs, mutations were successfully introduced, including both deletions and insertions. When attempting to create stable populations of codling moth through mating of males with females containing mutations of the CpomOR1 gene, it was found that fecundity and fertility were affected, with edited females producing nonviable eggs. The role of CpomOR1 in fecundity and fertility in codling moth is unknown and will be the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A Martin
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Margaret Griset
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
- Department of Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura S Willett
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - W Rodney Cooper
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - Kylie D Swisher
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
| | - Thomas R Unruh
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA 98951
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Taning CNT, Van Eynde B, Yu N, Ma S, Smagghe G. CRISPR/Cas9 in insects: Applications, best practices and biosafety concerns. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:245-257. [PMID: 28108316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Discovered as a bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated) is being developed as an attractive tool in genome editing. Due to its high specificity and applicability, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has been employed in a multitude of organisms and cells, including insects, for not only fundamental research such as gene function studies, but also applied research such as modification of organisms of economic importance. Despite the rapid increase in the use of CRISPR in insect genome editing, results still differ from each study, principally due to existing differences in experimental parameters, such as the Cas9 and guide RNA form, the delivery method, the target gene and off-target effects. Here, we review current reports on the successes of CRISPR/Cas9 applications in diverse insects and insect cells. We furthermore summarize several best practices to give a useful checklist of CRISPR/Cas9 experimental setup in insects for beginners. Lastly, we discuss the biosafety concerns related to the release of CRISPR/Cas9-edited insects into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Benigna Van Eynde
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ahola V, Wahlberg N, Frilander MJ. Butterfly Genomics: Insights from the Genome ofMelitaea cinxia. ANN ZOOL FENN 2017. [DOI: 10.5735/086.054.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Ahola
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikko J. Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Evans TA. Embryonic axon guidance: insights from Drosophila and other insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 18:11-16. [PMID: 27939705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, growing axons are guided by cellular signaling pathways that control a series of individual axon guidance decisions. In Drosophila, two major pathways (Netrin-Frazzled/DCC and Slit-Robo) regulate axon guidance in the embryonic ventral nerve cord, including the critical decision of whether or not to cross the midline. Studies in the fruit fly have revealed a complex picture of precise regulation and cross-talk between these pathways. In addition, Robo receptors in Drosophila have diversified their activities to regulate additional axon guidance decisions in the developing embryo. Here, I discuss recent advances in understanding roles and regulation of the Net-Fra and Slit-Robo signaling pathways in Drosophila, and examine the evolutionary conservation of these signaling mechanisms across insects and other arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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Li Y, Zhang J, Chen D, Yang P, Jiang F, Wang X, Kang L. CRISPR/Cas9 in locusts: Successful establishment of an olfactory deficiency line by targeting the mutagenesis of an odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 79:27-35. [PMID: 27744049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Locusts are important agricultural pests worldwide and regarded as study models for entomology. However, the absence of targeted gene manipulation systems for locusts has restricted their applications for research. Herein, we report the successful use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce a targeted heritable mutagenesis of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. The target sequence of gRNA was designed to disrupt the gene encoding the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) and examine the roles of the odorant receptor pathway in the locust. Microinjection of the mixture of Cas9-mRNA and Orco-gRNA into the locust eggs resulted in efficient target-gene editing at a rate of 71.7% in G0 animals and achieved a germline efficiency of up to 88.1% in G1 animals. By a crossing strategy, we successfully established stable Orco mutant lines. EAGs and SSRs indicated that the fourth-instar nymphs of the Orco mutants showed severely impaired electrophysiological responses to multiple odors. The Orco mutant locusts lost an attraction response to aggregation pheromones under the crowding conditions. The locomotor activity and body coloration of the Orco mutant locusts did not significantly differ from those of the two other genotypes. This study provides an easy and effective approach by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system for generating loss-of-function mutants for functional genetic studies of locusts and for managing insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dafeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Köferle A, Worf K, Breunig C, Baumann V, Herrero J, Wiesbeck M, Hutter LH, Götz M, Fuchs C, Beck S, Stricker SH. CORALINA: a universal method for the generation of gRNA libraries for CRISPR-based screening. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:917. [PMID: 27842490 PMCID: PMC5109649 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial CRISPR system is fast becoming the most popular genetic and epigenetic engineering tool due to its universal applicability and adaptability. The desire to deploy CRISPR-based methods in a large variety of species and contexts has created an urgent need for the development of easy, time- and cost-effective methods enabling large-scale screening approaches. RESULTS Here we describe CORALINA (comprehensive gRNA library generation through controlled nuclease activity), a method for the generation of comprehensive gRNA libraries for CRISPR-based screens. CORALINA gRNA libraries can be derived from any source of DNA without the need of complex oligonucleotide synthesis. We show the utility of CORALINA for human and mouse genomic DNA, its reproducibility in covering the most relevant genomic features including regulatory, coding and non-coding sequences and confirm the functionality of CORALINA generated gRNAs. CONCLUSIONS The simplicity and cost-effectiveness make CORALINA suitable for any experimental system. The unprecedented sequence complexities obtainable with CORALINA libraries are a necessary pre-requisite for less biased large scale genomic and epigenomic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Köferle
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Karolina Worf
- Biostatistics, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Breunig
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BioMedizinisches Centrum, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valentin Baumann
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BioMedizinisches Centrum, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Maximilian Wiesbeck
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BioMedizinisches Centrum, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukas H. Hutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU England UK
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Neural Stem Cells, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BioMedizinisches Centrum, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Biostatistics, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Beck
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Stefan H. Stricker
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- BioMedizinisches Centrum, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Takasu Y, Kobayashi I, Tamura T, Uchino K, Sezutsu H, Zurovec M. Precise genome editing in the silkworm Bombyx mori using TALENs and ds- and ssDNA donors - A practical approach. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 78:29-38. [PMID: 27569417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nucleases are able to introduce double stranded breaks at desired genomic locations. The breaks can be repaired by an error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism, or the repair process can be exploited to introduce precise DNA modifications by homology-directed repair (HDR) when provided with a suitable donor template. We designed a series of DNA donors including long dsDNA plasmids as well as short ssDNA oligonucleotides and compared the effectiveness of their utilization during gene targeting with highly efficient transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). While the use of long dsDNA donors for the incorporation of larger DNA fragments in Bombyx is still a problem, short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) are incorporated quite efficiently. We show that appropriately designed ssODNs were integrated into germ cells in up to 79% of microinjected individuals and describe in more detail the conditions for the precise genome editing of Bombyx genes. We specify the donor sequence requirements that affected knock-in efficiency, and demonstrate the successful applications of this method of sequence deletion, insertion and replacement in the Bombyx genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takasu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tamura
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Keiro Uchino
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre of the ASCR, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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38
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Wang J, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhao S, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Wu Y. Functional validation of cadherin as a receptor of Bt toxin Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 76:11-17. [PMID: 27343383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cadherins have been identified as receptors of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A toxins in several lepidopteran insects including the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Disruption of the cadherin gene HaCad has been genetically linked to resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in H. armigera. By using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9), HaCad from the Cry1Ac-susceptible SCD strain of H. armigera was successfully knocked out. A single positive CRISPR event with a frame shift deletion of 4 nucleotides was identified and made homozygous to create a knockout line named SCD-Cad. Western blotting confirmed that HaCad was no longer expressed in the SCD-Cad line while an intact HaCad of 210 kDa was present in the parental SCD strain. Insecticide bioassays were used to show that SCD-Cad exhibited 549-fold resistance to Cry1Ac compared with SCD, but no significant change in susceptibility to Cry2Ab. Our results not only provide strong reverse genetics evidence for HaCad as a functional receptor of Cry1Ac, but also demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 technique can act as a powerful and efficient genome editing tool to study gene function in a global agricultural pest, H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haonan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Huidong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yayun Zuo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ceasar SA, Rajan V, Prykhozhij SV, Berman JN, Ignacimuthu S. Insert, remove or replace: A highly advanced genome editing system using CRISPR/Cas9. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:2333-44. [PMID: 27350235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system discovered as an adaptive immunity mechanism in prokaryotes has emerged as the most popular tool for the precise alterations of the genomes of diverse species. CRISPR/Cas9 system has taken the world of genome editing by storm in recent years. Its popularity as a tool for altering genomes is due to the ability of Cas9 protein to cause double-stranded breaks in DNA after binding with short guide RNA molecules, which can be produced with dramatically less effort and expense than required for production of transcription-activator like effector nucleases (TALEN) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN). This system has been exploited in many species from prokaryotes to higher animals including human cells as evidenced by the literature showing increasing sophistication and ease of CRISPR/Cas9 as well as increasing species variety where it is applicable. This technology is poised to solve several complex molecular biology problems faced in life science research including cancer research. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 system in editing genomes of prokaryotes, fungi, plants and animals and provide details on software tools available for convenient design of CRISPR/Cas9 targeting plasmids. We also discuss the future prospects of this advanced molecular technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India; Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vinothkumar Rajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sergey V Prykhozhij
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India; International Scientific Partnership Program, Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Zhu GH, Xu J, Cui Z, Dong XT, Ye ZF, Niu DJ, Huang YP, Dong SL. Functional characterization of SlitPBP3 in Spodoptera litura by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 75:1-9. [PMID: 27192033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional gene analysis by using genome editing techniques is limited only in few model insects. Here, we reported an efficient and heritable gene mutagenesis analysis in an important lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera litura, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. By using this system, we successfully obtained the homozygous S. litura strain by targeting the pheromone binding protein 3 gene (SlitPBP3), which allowed us to elucidate the role of this gene in the olfaction of the female sex pheromones. By co-injection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into S. litura eggs, highly efficient chimera mutation in SlitPBP3 loci was detected both in injected eggs (39.1%) and in the resulting individual moths (87.5%). We used the mutant moths as parents to obtain the G1 offspring and the homozygous mutant strain in G2. The function of SlitPBP3 was explored by Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings with a homozygous mutant strain. The result showed that the EAG responses were significantly decreased in mutant males than in control males when treated with the major sex pheromone component (Z9,E11-14:Ac) and a minor component (Z9-14:Ac) at higher dosages. The results demonstrate that s SlitPBP3 gene plays a minor role in the perception of the female sex pheromones. Furthermore, our study provides a useful methodology with the CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene in vivo functional study, particular for lepidopteran species in which the RNAi approach is not efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Heng Zhu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Dong
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Ye
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong-Juan Niu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Chen L, Wang G, Zhu YN, Xiang H, Wang W. Advances and perspectives in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in insects. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 37:220-8. [PMID: 27469253 PMCID: PMC4978943 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Insects compose more than half of all living organisms on earth, playing essential roles in global ecosystems and forming complex relationships with humans. Insect research has significant biological and practical importance. However, the application of genetic manipulation technology has long been restricted to several model insects only, such as gene knockout in Drosophila, which has severely restrained the development of insect biology research. Recently, with the increase in the release of insect genome data and the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for efficient genetic modification, it has been possible to conduct meaningful functional studies in a broad array of insect species. Here, we summarize the advances in CRISPR/Cas9 in different insect species, discuss methods for its promotion, and consider its application in future insect studies. This review provides detailed information about the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect research and presents possible ways to improve its use in functional studies and insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui Wang
- College of Hetao, Bayannaoer Inner Mongolia 015000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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42
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Borniger JC, Nelson RJ. Photoperiodic regulation of behavior: Peromyscus as a model system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:82-91. [PMID: 27346738 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Winter and summer present vastly different challenges to animals living outside of the tropics. To survive and reproduce, individuals must anticipate seasonal environmental changes and adjust physiology and behavior accordingly. Photoperiod (day length) offers a relatively 'noise free' environmental signal that non-tropical animals use to tell the time of year, and whether winter is approaching or receding. In some cases, photoperiodic signals may be fine-tuned by other proximate cues such as food availability or temperature. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a primary physiological transducer of the photoperiodic signal. It tracks night length and provokes changes in physiology and behavior at appropriate times of the year. Because of their wide latitudinal distribution, Peromyscus has been well studied in the context of photoperiodic regulation of physiology and behavior. Here, we discuss how photoperiodic signals are transduced by pineal melatonin, how melatonin acts on target tissues, and subsequent consequences for behavior. Using a life-history paradigm involving trade-offs between the immune and reproductive systems, specific emphasis is placed on aggression, metabolism, and cognition. We discuss future directions including examining the effects of light pollution on photoperiodism, genetic manipulations to test the role of specific genes in the photoperiodic response, and using Peromyscus to test evolutionary theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, and Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, and Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Long D, Lu W, Hao Z, Xiang Z, Zhao A. Highly efficient and inducible DNA excision in transgenic silkworms using the FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:795-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dong ZQ, Chen TT, Zhang J, Hu N, Cao MY, Dong FF, Jiang YM, Chen P, Lu C, Pan MH. Establishment of a highly efficient virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect cells. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:50-7. [PMID: 26979473 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although current antiviral strategies can inhibit baculovirus infection and decrease viral DNA replication to a certain extent, novel tools are required for specific and accurate elimination of baculovirus genomes from infected insects. Using the newly developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, we disrupted a viral genome in infected insect cells in vitro as a defense against viral infection. We optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit foreign and viral genome in insect cells. Using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) as a model, we found that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was capable of cleaving the replication key factor ie-1 in BmNPV thus effectively inhibiting virus proliferation. Furthermore, we constructed a virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, which minimized the probability of off-target effects and was rapidly activated after viral infection. This is the first report describing the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect antiviral research. Establishment of a highly efficient virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system in insect cells provides insights to produce virus-resistant transgenic strains for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ming-Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Fei-Fan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ya-Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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More than one rabbit out of the hat: Radiation, transgenic and symbiont-based approaches for sustainable management of mosquito and tsetse fly populations. Acta Trop 2016; 157:115-30. [PMID: 26774684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are bloodsucking vectors of human and animal pathogens. Mosquito-borne diseases (malaria, filariasis, dengue, zika, and chikungunya) cause severe mortality and morbidity annually, and tsetse fly-borne diseases (African trypanosomes causing sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock) cost Sub-Saharan Africa an estimated US$ 4750 million annually. Current reliance on insecticides for vector control is unsustainable: due to increasing insecticide resistance and growing concerns about health and environmental impacts of chemical control there is a growing need for novel, effective and safe biologically-based methods that are more sustainable. The integration of the sterile insect technique has proven successful to manage crop pests and disease vectors, particularly tsetse flies, and is likely to prove effective against mosquito vectors, particularly once sex-separation methods are improved. Transgenic and symbiont-based approaches are in development, and more advanced in (particularly Aedes) mosquitoes than in tsetse flies; however, issues around stability, sustainability and biosecurity have to be addressed, especially when considering population replacement approaches. Regulatory issues and those relating to intellectual property and economic cost of application must also be overcome. Standardised methods to assess insect quality are required to compare and predict efficacy of the different approaches. Different combinations of these three approaches could be integrated to maximise their benefits, and all have the potential to be used in tsetse and mosquito area-wide integrated pest management programmes.
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46
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Rong YS. Genome Editing: From Drosophila to Non-Model Insects and Beyond. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:263-72. [PMID: 27216295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insect is the largest group of animals on land. Many insect species inflict economical and health losses to humans. Yet many more benefit us by helping to maintain balances in our ecosystem. The benefits that insects offer remain largely untapped, justifying our continuing efforts to develop tools to better understand their biology and to better manage their activities. Here we focus on reviewing the progresses made in the development of genome engineering tools for model insects. Instead of detailed descriptions of the molecular mechanisms underlying each technical advance, we focus our discussion on the logistics for implementing similar tools in non-model insects. Since none of the tools were developed specific for insects, similar approaches can be applied to other non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Huang
- Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yikang S Rong
- Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Genomic Access to Monarch Migration Using TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:905-15. [PMID: 26837953 PMCID: PMC4825660 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.027029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The eastern North American monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, is an emerging model system to study the neural, molecular, and genetic basis of animal long-distance migration and animal clockwork mechanisms. While genomic studies have provided new insight into migration-associated and circadian clock genes, the general lack of simple and versatile reverse-genetic methods has limited in vivo functional analysis of candidate genes in this species. Here, we report the establishment of highly efficient and heritable gene mutagenesis methods in the monarch butterfly using transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR-associated RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9). Using two clock gene loci, cryptochrome 2 and clock (clk), as candidates, we show that both TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 generate high-frequency nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated mutations at targeted sites (up to 100%), and that injecting fewer than 100 eggs is sufficient to recover mutant progeny and generate monarch knockout lines in about 3 months. Our study also genetically defines monarch CLK as an essential component of the transcriptional activation complex of the circadian clock. The methods presented should not only greatly accelerate functional analyses of many aspects of monarch biology, but are also anticipated to facilitate the development of these tools in other nontraditional insect species as well as the development of homology-directed knock-ins.
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Yang B, Fujii T, Ishikawa Y, Matsuo T. Targeted mutagenesis of an odorant receptor co-receptor using TALEN in Ostrinia furnacalis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:53-59. [PMID: 26689645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) has been applied for various model organisms but not yet for agricultural pest insects. In this study, TALEN-mediated mutagenesis of the gene encoding odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) of an important agricultural pest Ostrinia furnacalis (OfurOrco) was carried out. Of the two pairs of TALEN constructs designed, one generated somatic and germline mutations at rates of 70.8% and 20.8%, respectively. Physiological and behavioral analyses using a gas chromatograph-electroantennographic detector system and a wind tunnel, respectively, revealed that antennal responses to sex pheromone components were decreased to trace levels, and behavioral responses were abolished in OfurOrco mutants. This study demonstrated that TALEN-mediated mutagenesis is applicable to pest insects, and these results will open the way for a better understanding of chemosensory systems in wild insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Reid W, O'Brochta DA. Applications of genome editing in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 13:43-54. [PMID: 27436552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect genome editing was first reported 1991 in Drosophila melanogaster but the technology used was not portable to other species. Not until the recent development of facile, engineered DNA endonuclease systems has gene editing become widely available to insect scientists. Most applications in insects to date have been technical in nature but this is rapidly changing. Functional genomics and genetics-based insect control efforts will be major beneficiaries of the application of contemporary gene editing technologies. Engineered endonucleases like Cas9 make it possible to create powerful and effective gene drive systems that could be used to reduce or even eradicate specific insect populations. 'Best practices' for using Cas9-based editing are beginning to emerge making it easier and more effective to design and use but gene editing technologies still require traditional means of delivery in order to introduce them into somatic and germ cells of insects-microinjection of developing embryos. This constrains the use of these technologies by insect scientists. Insects created using editing technologies challenge existing governmental regulatory structures designed to manage genetically modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reid
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - David A O'Brochta
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
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Abstract
Moth sexual pheromones are widely studied as a fine-tuned system of intraspecific sexual communication that reinforces interspecific reproductive isolation. However, their evolution poses a dilemma: How can the female pheromone and male preference simultaneously change to create a new pattern of species-specific attraction? Solving this puzzle requires us to identify the genes underlying intraspecific variation in signals and responses and to understand the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their interspecific divergence. Candidate gene approaches and functional analyses have yielded insights into large families of biosynthetic enzymes and pheromone receptors, although the factors controlling their expression remain largely unexplored. Intra- and interspecific crosses have provided tantalizing evidence of regulatory genes, although, to date, mapping resolution has been insufficient to identify them. Recent advances in high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing, together with established techniques, have great potential to help scientists identify the specific genetic changes underlying divergence and resolve the mystery of how moth sexual communication systems evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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