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Valatabar N, Oroojalian F, Kazemzadeh M, Mokhtarzadeh AA, Safaralizadeh R, Sahebkar A. Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:386. [PMID: 38951806 PMCID: PMC11218236 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a therapeutic option for mitigating diseases that do not respond well to pharmacological therapy. This type of therapy allows for correcting altered and defective genes by transferring nucleic acids to target cells. Notably, achieving a desirable outcome is possible by successfully delivering genetic materials into the cell. In-vivo gene transfer strategies use two major classes of vectors, namely viral and nonviral. Both of these systems have distinct pros and cons, and the choice of a delivery system depends on therapeutic objectives and other considerations. Safe and efficient gene transfer is the main feature of any delivery system. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems (i.e., non-viral vectors). They are three-dimensional structures consisting of a hollow or solid spherical core nanoparticle that is functionalized with a dense and highly organized layer of oligonucleotides. The unique structural features of SNAs confer them a high potency in internalization into various types of tissue and cells, a high stability against nucleases, and efficay in penetrating through various biological barriers (such as the skin, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier). SNAs also show negligible toxicity and trigger minimal immune response reactions. During the last two decades, all these favorable physicochemical and biological attributes have made them attractive vehicles for drug and nucleic acid delivery. This article discusses the unique structural properties, types of SNAs, and also optimization mechanisms of SNAs. We also focus on recent advances in the synthesis of gene delivery nanoplatforms based on the SNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mina Kazemzadeh
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Dehghan Z, Darya G, Mehdinejadiani S, Derakhshanfar A. Comparison of two methods of sperm- and testis-mediated gene transfer in production of transgenic animals: A systematic review. Anim Genet 2024; 55:328-343. [PMID: 38361185 DOI: 10.1111/age.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic (Tg) animal technology is one of the growing areas in biology. Various Tg technologies, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, are available for generating Tg animals. These include zygote microinjection, electroporation, viral infection, embryonic stem cell or spermatogonial stem cell-mediated production of Tg animals, sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT), and testis-mediated gene transfer (TMGT). However, there are currently no comprehensive studies comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, selecting appropriate gene delivery carriers (such as nanoparticles and liposomes), and determining the optimal route for gene delivery (SMGT and TMGT) for producing Tg animal. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive assessment comparing SMGT and TMGT methods, and to introduce the best carriers and gene transfer methods to sperm and testis to generate Tg animals in different species. From 2010 to 2022, 47 studies on SMGT and 25 studies on TMGT have been conducted. Mice and rats were the most commonly used species in SMGT and TMGT. Regarding the SMGT approach, nanoparticles, streptolysin-O, and virus packaging were found to be the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice. In the TMGT method, the best gene transfer methods for generating Tg mice and rats were virus packaging, dimethyl sulfoxide, electroporation, and liposome. Our study has shown that the efficiency of producing Tg animals varies depending on the species, gene carrier, and method of gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Dehghan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Darya
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sundara Rajan R. S, Thomas J, Francis D, Daniel EC. Effective gene delivery using size dependant nano core-shell in human cervical cancer cell lines by magnetofection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289731. [PMID: 37676882 PMCID: PMC10484435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles are effective for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo transfection. These mediators are mainly used to deliver drugs and genes. It can also be used as probes to diagnose and treat various diseases. Magnetic nanoparticles, primarily iron oxide nanoparticles, are used in various biological applications. However, preparing stable and small-size biocompatible core-shell is crucial in site direct gene delivery. In the present study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method and were functionalized with starch to attain stable particles. These SPIONs were coated with polyethylenimine to give a net positive charge. The fluorescent plasmid DNA bound to the SPIONs were used as a core shell for gene delivery into the HeLa cells via magnetofection. UV-Visible Spectrophotometry analysis showed a peak at 200 nm, which confirms the presence of FeO nanoparticles. The Scanning Electron Microscopy images revealed the formation of spherical-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm. X-ray Diffraction also confirmed FeO as a significant constituent element. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ensures that the nanoparticles are superparamagnetic. Atomic Force Microscopy images show the DNA bound on the surface of the nanoparticles. The gene delivery and transfection efficiency were analyzed by flow cytometry. These nanoparticles could effectively compact the pDNA, allowing efficient gene transfer into the HeLa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jobin Thomas
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Nano Bbiotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dileep Francis
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Elcey C. Daniel
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kumari R, Suman K, Karmakar S, Mishra V, Lakra SG, Saurav GK, Mahto BK. Regulation and safety measures for nanotechnology-based agri-products. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1200987. [PMID: 37415849 PMCID: PMC10320728 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1200987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a wide range of application for nanotechnology in agriculture, including fertilizers, aquaculture, irrigation, water filtration, animal feed, animal vaccines, food processing, and packaging. In recent decades, nanotechnology emerged as a prospective and promising approach for the advancement of Agri-sector such as pest/disease prevention, fertilizers, agrochemicals, biofertilizers, bio-stimulants, post-harvest storage, pheromones-, and nutrient-delivery, and genetic manipulation in plants for crop improvement by using nanomaterial as a carrier system. Exponential increase in global population has enhanced food demand, so to fulfil the demand markets already included nano-based product likewise nano-encapsulated nutrients/agrochemicals, antimicrobial and packaging of food. For the approval of nano-based product, applicants for a marketing approval must show that such novel items can be used safely without endangering the consumer and environment. Several nations throughout the world have been actively looking at whether their regulatory frameworks are suitable for handling nanotechnologies. As a result, many techniques to regulate nano-based products in agriculture, feed, and food have been used. Here, we have contextualized different regulatory measures of several countries for nano-based products in agriculture, from feed to food, including guidance and legislation for safety assessment worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Kumari
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kalpana Suman
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swagata Karmakar
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Gunjan Kumar Saurav
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar Mahto
- University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Corridon PR. Still finding ways to augment the existing management of acute and chronic kidney diseases with targeted gene and cell therapies: Opportunities and hurdles. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143028. [PMID: 36960337 PMCID: PMC10028138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of acute and chronic kidney diseases has increased the demand for renal replacement therapy. This issue, compounded with the limited availability of viable kidneys for transplantation, has propelled the search for alternative strategies to address the growing health and economic burdens associated with these conditions. In the search for such alternatives, significant efforts have been devised to augment the current and primarily supportive management of renal injury with novel regenerative strategies. For example, gene- and cell-based approaches that utilize recombinant peptides/proteins, gene, cell, organoid, and RNAi technologies have shown promising outcomes primarily in experimental models. Supporting research has also been conducted to improve our understanding of the critical aspects that facilitate the development of efficient gene- and cell-based techniques that the complex structure of the kidney has traditionally limited. This manuscript is intended to communicate efforts that have driven the development of such therapies by identifying the vectors and delivery routes needed to drive exogenous transgene incorporation that may support the treatment of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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Magnetofection approach for the transformation of okra using green iron nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16568. [PMID: 36195624 PMCID: PMC9532403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, pesticide resistance, and the need for developing new plant varieties have galvanized biotechnologists to find new solutions in order to produce transgenic plants. Over the last decade scientists are working on green metallic nanoparticles to develop DNA delivery systems for plants. In the current study, green Iron nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Camellia sinensis (green tea) and Iron Chloride (FeCl3), the characterization and Confirmation was done using UV–VIS Spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. Using these nanoparticles, a novel method of gene transformation in okra plants was developed, with a combination of different Magnetofection factors. Maximum gene transformation efficiency was observed at the DNA to Iron-nanoparticles ratio of 1:20, by rotation of mixture (Plasmid DNA, Iron-nanoparticles, and seed embryo) at 800 rpm for 5 h. Using this approach, the transformation of the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene was successfully carried out in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra plant). The DNA transformation was confirmed by observing the expression of transgene GFP via Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) and PCR. This method is highly economical, adaptable, genotype independent, eco-friendly, and time-saving as well. We infer that this approach can be a potential solution to combat the yield and immunity challenges of plants against pathogens.
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Interlaboratory evaluation of a digital holographic microscopy-based assay for label-free in vitro cytotoxicity testing of polymeric nanocarriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2207-2224. [PMID: 35799027 PMCID: PMC9263039 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art in vitro test systems for nanomaterial toxicity assessment are based on dyes and several staining steps which can be affected by nanomaterial interference. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM), an interferometry-based variant of quantitative phase imaging (QPI), facilitates reliable proliferation quantification of native cell populations and the extraction of morphological features in a fast and label- and interference-free manner by biophysical parameters. DHM therefore has been identified as versatile tool for cytotoxicity testing in biomedical nanotechnology. In a comparative study performed at two collaborating laboratories, we investigated the interlaboratory variability and performance of DHM in nanomaterial toxicity testing, utilizing complementary standard operating procedures (SOPs). Two identical custom-built off-axis DHM systems, developed for usage in biomedical laboratories, equipped with stage-top incubation chambers were applied at different locations in Europe. Temporal dry mass development, 12-h dry mass increments and morphology changes of A549 human lung epithelial cell populations upon incubation with two variants of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles were observed in comparison to digitonin and cell culture medium controls. Digitonin as cytotoxicity control, as well as empty and cabazitaxel-loaded PACA nanocarriers, similarly impacted 12-h dry mass development and increments as well as morphology of A549 cells at both participating laboratories. The obtained DHM data reflected the cytotoxic potential of the tested nanomaterials and are in agreement with corresponding literature on biophysical and chemical assays. Our results confirm DHM as label-free cytotoxicity assay for polymeric nanocarriers as well as the repeatability and reproducibility of the technology. In summary, the evaluated DHM assay could be efficiently implemented at different locations and facilitates interlaboratory in vitro toxicity testing of nanoparticles with prospects for application in regulatory science.
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Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050937. [PMID: 35631523 PMCID: PMC9145864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality globally, with nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionised treatment strategies in medicine, with rigorous research focusing on designing multi-functional nanoparticles (NPs) that are biocompatible, non-toxic, and target-specific. Iron-oxide-based NPs have been successfully employed in theranostics as imaging agents and drug delivery vehicles for anti-cancer treatment. Substituted iron-oxides (MFe2O4) have emerged as potential nanocarriers due to their unique and attractive properties such as size and magnetic tunability, ease of synthesis, and manipulatable properties. Current research explores their potential use in hyperthermia and as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Significantly, there are considerations in applying iron-oxide-based NPs for enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, colloidal stability, lowered toxicity, and more efficient and targeted delivery. This review covers iron-oxide-based NPs in cancer therapy, focusing on recent research advances in the use of ferrites. Methods for the synthesis of cubic spinel ferrites and the requirements for their considerations as potential nanocarriers in cancer therapy are discussed. The review highlights surface modifications, where functionalisation with specific biomolecules can deliver better efficiency. Finally, the challenges and solutions for the use of ferrites in cancer therapy are summarised.
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Lien J, Bull T, Michelmore RW, Guo T. Fast Fluorescence Titration Quantification of Plasmid DNA with DNA Attractive Magnetic Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12854-12861. [PMID: 34516097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence titration using magnetic nanoparticles (FTMN) was performed as a rapid, inexpensive, and simple method for quantifying the amount of fluorophore-intercalated plasmid DNA on these DNA attractive nanoparticles. Binding of the propidium iodide (PI)-intercalated DNA (PI/DNA) to polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated monodisperse iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (PEI-MNs) was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy after the two species were mixed in water for less than a minute. The amount of DNA on PEI-MNs in aqueous solution, however, could not be easily determined using direct fluorescence measurements due to strong scattering by aggregated MNs, especially at high nanoparticle concentrations. Instead, fluorescence measurements were taken immediately after the solution of PI/DNA and PEI-MN mixtures was treated with a magnet to pull the PEI-MNs out of the solution. The detected fluorescence signal of the remaining free PI/DNA in the solution decreased as the concentration of PEI-MNs in the pre-treated solutions increased, resulting in a titration curve, which was used to determine the amount of DNA on MNs, the dissociation constant, and binding energy after the concentration of PEI-MNs was calibrated with microwave-plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to understand the binding of DNA to MNs and to measure the amount of free PI/DNA in solution, and the results were similar to those obtained with the FTMN method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Tawni Bull
- The Genome Center, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- The Genome Center, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Ahmar S, Mahmood T, Fiaz S, Mora-Poblete F, Shafique MS, Chattha MS, Jung KH. Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663849. [PMID: 34122485 PMCID: PMC8194497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements of the growing worldwide population. Genome editing (GE) technology has been used to produce plants with improved yields and nutritional value as well as with higher resilience to herbicides, insects, and diseases. Several GE tools have been developed recently, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases, a customizable and successful method. The main steps of the GE process involve introducing transgenes or CRISPR into plants via specific gene delivery systems. However, GE tools have certain limitations, including time-consuming and complicated protocols, potential tissue damage, DNA incorporation in the host genome, and low transformation efficiency. To overcome these issues, nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking and modern technique. Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery is superior to conventional biomolecular approaches because it enhances the transformation efficiency for both temporal (transient) and permanent (stable) genetic modifications in various plant species. However, with the discoveries of various advanced technologies, certain challenges in developing a short-term breeding strategy in plants remain. Thus, in this review, nanobased delivery systems and plant genetic engineering challenges are discussed in detail. Moreover, we have suggested an effective method to hasten crop improvement programs by combining current technologies, such as speed breeding and CRISPR/Cas, with nanotechnology. The overall aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of nanotechnology-based CRISPR techniques for plant transformation and suggest applications for possible crop enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Hung Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Transfection types, methods and strategies: a technical review. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11165. [PMID: 33976969 PMCID: PMC8067914 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection is a modern and powerful method used to insert foreign nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. The ability to modify host cells' genetic content enables the broad application of this process in studying normal cellular processes, disease molecular mechanism and gene therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarized and compared the findings from various reported literature on the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of various transfection methods, type of transfected nucleic acids, transfection controls and approaches to assess transfection efficiency. With the vast choices of approaches available, we hope that this review will help researchers, especially those new to the field, in their decision making over the transfection protocol or strategy appropriate for their experimental aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Morshedi Rad D, Alsadat Rad M, Razavi Bazaz S, Kashaninejad N, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A Comprehensive Review on Intracellular Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005363. [PMID: 33594744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is considered an indispensable process for various studies, ranging from medical applications (cell-based therapy) to fundamental (genome-editing) and industrial (biomanufacture) approaches. Conventional macroscale delivery systems critically suffer from such issues as low cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inconsistent material delivery, which have opened up an interest in the development of more efficient intracellular delivery systems. In line with the advances in microfluidics and nanotechnology, intracellular delivery based on micro- and nanoengineered platforms has progressed rapidly and held great promises owing to their unique features. These approaches have been advanced to introduce a smorgasbord of diverse cargoes into various cell types with the maximum efficiency and the highest precision. This review differentiates macro-, micro-, and nanoengineered approaches for intracellular delivery. The macroengineered delivery platforms are first summarized and then each method is categorized based on whether it employs a carrier- or membrane-disruption-mediated mechanism to load cargoes inside the cells. Second, particular emphasis is placed on the micro- and nanoengineered advances in the delivery of biomolecules inside the cells. Furthermore, the applications and challenges of the established and emerging delivery approaches are summarized. The topic is concluded by evaluating the future perspective of intracellular delivery toward the micro- and nanoengineered approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maryam Alsadat Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Jat SK, Bhattacharya J, Sharma MK. Nanomaterial based gene delivery: a promising method for plant genome engineering. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4165-4175. [PMID: 32285905 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years due to their unique architecture and small dimensions. Significant progress has been made in the therapeutics, diagnostics, and delivery of biomolecules in animal cells. However, nanotechnology is still in its infancy in plant science. Nanotechnology offers tremendous opportunities for crop improvement and would make significant contributions to increase agricultural productivity. There are several reports where nanomaterial-induced improvement of the agronomic traits has been successfully achieved. However, very little is known about the interactions of nanomaterials with plant cells and the mechanism of internalization and delivery of biomolecules using nanoparticles as a carrier. Due to the presence of the cell wall, the delivery of biomolecules such as nucleic acids is a major challenge, which limits the application of nanomaterials in genetic engineering-mediated crop improvement. However, in recent years, the use of various nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, etc. for nucleic acid delivery in plant cells has been reported as proof of concept. Here, we intend to update researchers about the use of various nanomaterials as a novel gene delivery tool for plant genetic engineering. This review also explores the progress made in nanoparticle-mediated nucleic acid delivery in plant cells and their role in plant genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Jat
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Pan Z, Huang Y, Qian H, Du X, Qin W, Liu T. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles drive miR-485-5p inhibition in glioma stem cells by silencing Tie1 expression. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1274-1287. [PMID: 32174801 PMCID: PMC7053326 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant nervous system tumours. Studies shown that cancer stem cells are one of the main reasons underlying recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis in glioma cases. Our previous studies have found that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can act as nucleic acid carriers to drive intracellular overexpression of these nucleic acids. In this study, CD44+/CD133+ glioma stem cells (HuGSCs) were first isolated from surgically resected tissues from patients. qPCR and western blot results showed that Tie1 expression in HuGSCs was significantly higher thanexpression in CD44-/CD133- glioma cells. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-485-5p binds to specific loci on the 3′-UTR of Tie1 mRNA to inhibit Tie1 expression. Subsequently, miR-485-5p/miR-mut and SPION complexes were transfected into HuGSCs. Transmission electron microscopy showed that a highly dense metallic electron cloud is present in HuGSCs. At the same time, in vivo and in vitro studies showed that miR-485-5p@SPIONs can significantly inhibit HuGSC proliferation, invasion, tumourigenicity, and angiogenesis. In-depth analysis showed that Tie1 interacts with neuronal growth factors such as FGF2, BDNF, GDNF, and GFAP. qPCR and western blot results showed that in miR-485-5p@SPIONs-HuGSCs, the expression levels of Tie1 and stem cell markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, CD44, and CD133), and even FGF2, BDNF, GDNF, and GFAP were significantly lower than thelevels in the control group (miR-mut@SPIONs-HuGSCs). Therefore, this study showedthat Tie1 is an important factor that maintains glioma stem cell activity. SPIONs drive miR-485-5p overexpression in cells and inhibit endogenous Tie1 expression to downregulate the protein expression levels of Fgf2/GDNF/GFAP/BDNF and significantly weaken the in vivo and in vitro viability of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haiyang Qian
- Department of Imaging, Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiling Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China.,Department of medical oncology, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
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15
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Hasanzadeh L, Darroudi M, Ramezanian N, Zamani P, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Nourmohammadi E, Kazemi Oskuee R. Polyethylenimine-associated cerium oxide nanoparticles: A novel promising gene delivery vector. Life Sci 2019; 232:116661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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T.S A, Shalumon K, Chen JP. Applications of Magnetic Liposomes in Cancer Therapies. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1490-1504. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190521114936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MNPs find numerous important biomedical applications owing to their high biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties at the bottom level. Among several other biomedical applications, MNPs are gaining importance in treating various kinds of cancer either as a hyperthermia agent alone or as a drug/gene carrier for single or combined therapies. At the same time, another type of nano-carrier with lipid bilayer, i.e. liposomes, has also emerged as a platform for administration of pharmaceutical drugs, which sees increasing importance as a drug/gene carrier in cancer therapy due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable particle size and the possibility for surface modification to overcome biological barriers and to reach targeted sites. MLs that combine MNPs with liposomes are endowed with advantages of both MNPs and liposomes and are gaining importance for cancer therapy in various modes. Hence, we will start by reviewing the synthesis methods of MNPs and MLs, followed by a comprehensive assessment of current strategies to apply MLs for different types of cancer treatments. These will include thermo-chemotherapy using MLs as a triggered releasing agent to deliver drugs/genes, photothermal/ photodynamic therapy and combined imaging and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar T.S
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - K.T. Shalumon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, China
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17
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Farzamfar S, Nazeri N, Salehi M, Valizadeh A, Marashi S, Savari Kouzehkonan G, Ghanbari H. Will Nanotechnology Bring New Hope for Stem Cell Therapy? Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 206:229-241. [DOI: 10.1159/000500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of stem cell therapy has been shown in preclinical trials for the treatment of damage and replacement of organs and degenerative diseases. After many years of research, its clinical application is limited. Currently there is not a single stem cell therapy product or procedure. Nanotechnology is an emerging field in medicine and has huge potential due to its unique characteristics such as its size, surface effects, tunnel effects, and quantum size effect. The importance of application of nanotechnology in stem cell technology and cell-based therapies has been recognized. In particular, the effects of nanotopography on stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion have become an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the many opportunities that nanotechnology can create to change the fate of stem cell technology and cell therapies, it poses several risks since some nanomaterials are cytotoxic and can affect the differentiation program of stem cells and their viability. Here we review some of the advances and the prospects of nanotechnology in stem cell research and cell-based therapies and discuss the issues, obstacles, applications, and approaches with the aim of opening new avenues for further research.
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18
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Xiang HH, Song MM, Fei MY, Wang RJ, Tao XF, Shen YX, Yu YQ. Facile synthesis of multifunctional nanocomposites with good compatibility for efficient dual-mode T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging and gene delivery. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Farjadian F, Ghasemi A, Gohari O, Roointan A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Nanopharmaceuticals and nanomedicines currently on the market: challenges and opportunities. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:93-126. [PMID: 30451076 PMCID: PMC6391637 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a revolution in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Since 1980, there has been a remarkable increase in approved nano-based pharmaceutical products. These novel nano-based systems can either be therapeutic agents themselves, or else act as vehicles to carry different active pharmaceutical agents into specific parts of the body. Currently marketed nanostructures include nanocrystals, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, PEGylated polymeric nanodrugs, other polymers, protein-based nanoparticles and metal-based nanoparticles. A range of issues must be addressed in the development of these nanostructures. Ethics, market size, possibility of market failure, costs and commercial development, are some topics which are on the table to be discussed. After passing all the ethical and biological assessments, and satisfying the investors as to future profitability, only a handful of these nanoformulations, successfully obtained marketing approval. We survey the range of nanomedicines that have received regulatory approval and are marketed. We discuss ethics, costs, commercial development and possible market failure. We estimate the global nanomedicine market size and future growth. Our goal is to summarize the different approved nanoformulations on the market, and briefly cover the challenges and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran
- Advances Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-4535, Iran
| | - Omid Gohari
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Amir Roointan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Du X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yao C. Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1516-1525. [PMID: 29968512 PMCID: PMC6058615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery as a promising and valid tool has been used for treating many serious diseases that conventional drug therapies cannot cure. Due to the advancement of physical technology and nanotechnology, advanced physical gene delivery methods such as electroporation, magnetoporation, sonoporation and optoporation have been extensively developed and are receiving increasing attention, which have the advantages of briefness and nontoxicity. This review introduces the technique detail of membrane perforation, with a brief discussion for future development, with special emphasis on nanoparticles mediated optoporation that have developed as an new alternative transfection technique in the last two decades. In particular, the advanced physical approaches development and new technology are highlighted, which intends to stimulate rapid advancement of perforation techniques, develop new delivery strategies and accelerate application of these techniques in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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21
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Khoee S, Hashemi A, Molavipordanjani S. Synthesis and characterization of IUdR loaded PEG/PCL/PEG polymersome in mixed DCM/DMF solvent: Experimental and molecular dynamics insights into the role of solvent composition and star architecture in drug dispersion and diffusion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Liu T, Zhang H, Zheng J, Lin J, Huang Y, Chen J, Yu Z, Guo L, Pan W, Xiong Y, Chen C. SPION-mediated miR-141 promotes the differentiation of HuAESCs into dopaminergic neuron-like cells via suppressing lncRNA-HOTAIR. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2299-2310. [PMID: 29411538 PMCID: PMC5867164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that microRNA‐141 could silence the expression of lncRNA‐HOTAIR by binding to specific sites on lncRNA‐HOTAIR. We used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to mediate the high expression of microRNA‐141 (SPIONs@miR‐141) in human amniotic epithelial stem cells (HuAESCs), which was followed by the induction of the differentiation of HuAESCs into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells (iDNLCs). qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining and HPLC all suggested that SPION‐mediated overexpression of miR‐141 could promote an increased expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), DAT and 5‐TH in HuAESC‐derived iDNLCs. The RIP and ChIP assay also showed that overexpression of miR‐141 could significantly inhibit the recruitment and binding of lncRNA‐HOTAIR to EZH2 on BDNF gene promoter. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 190 genes were much higher in iDNLCs than in HuAESCs. Finally, a protein interaction network analysis and identification showed that in the iDNLC group with SPIONs@miR‐141, factors that interact with BDNF, such as FGF8, SHH, NTRK3 and CREB1, all showed significantly higher expression levels compared with those in the SPIONs@miR‐Mut. Therefore, this study confirmed that the highly efficient expression of microRNA‐141 mediated by SPIONs could improve the efficiency of HuAESCs differentiation into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hu Zhang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihe Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Zhao X, Meng Z, Wang Y, Chen W, Sun C, Cui B, Cui J, Yu M, Zeng Z, Guo S, Luo D, Cheng JQ, Zhang R, Cui H. Pollen magnetofection for genetic modification with magnetic nanoparticles as gene carriers. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:956-964. [PMID: 29180813 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification plays a vital role in breeding new crops with excellent traits. Almost all the current genetic modification methods require regeneration from tissue culture, involving complicated, long and laborious processes. In particular, many crop species such as cotton are difficult to regenerate. Here, we report a novel transformation platform technology, pollen magnetofection, to directly produce transgenic seeds without regeneration. In this system, exogenous DNA loaded with magnetic nanoparticles was delivered into pollen in the presence of a magnetic field. Through pollination with magnetofected pollen, transgenic plants were successfully generated from transformed seeds. Exogenous DNA was successfully integrated into the genome, effectively expressed and stably inherited in the offspring. Our system is culture-free and genotype independent. In addition, it is simple, fast and capable of multi-gene transformation. We envision that pollen magnetofection can transform almost all crops, greatly facilitating breeding processes of new varieties of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jerry Q Cheng
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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24
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Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanostructures. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Fathi M, Zangabad PS, Aghanejad A, Barar J, Erfan-Niya H, Omidi Y. Folate-conjugated thermosensitive O-maleoyl modified chitosan micellar nanoparticles for targeted delivery of erlotinib. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:130-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Magro M, Martinello T, Bonaiuto E, Gomiero C, Baratella D, Zoppellaro G, Cozza G, Patruno M, Zboril R, Vianello F. Covalently bound DNA on naked iron oxide nanoparticles: Intelligent colloidal nano-vector for cell transfection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2802-2810. [PMID: 28778487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversely to common coated iron oxide nanoparticles, novel naked surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) can covalently bind DNA. Plasmid (pDNA) harboring the coding gene for GFP was directly chemisorbed onto SAMNs, leading to a novel DNA nanovector (SAMN@pDNA). The spontaneous internalization of SAMN@pDNA into cells was compared with an extensively studied fluorescent SAMN derivative (SAMN@RITC). Moreover, the transfection efficiency of SAMN@pDNA was evaluated and explained by computational model. METHODS SAMN@pDNA was prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and computational methods, and molecular dynamic simulation. The size and hydrodynamic properties of SAMN@pDNA and SAMN@RITC were studied by electron transmission microscopy, light scattering and zeta-potential. The two nanomaterials were tested by confocal scanning microscopy on equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ePB-MSCs) and GFP expression by SAMN@pDNA was determined. RESULTS Nanomaterials characterized by similar hydrodynamic properties were successfully internalized and stored into mesenchymal stem cells. Transfection by SAMN@pDNA occurred and GFP expression was higher than lipofectamine procedure, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. A computational model clarified that transfection efficiency can be ascribed to DNA availability inside cells. CONCLUSIONS Direct covalent binding of DNA on naked magnetic nanoparticles led to an extremely robust gene delivery tool. Hydrodynamic and chemical-physical properties of SAMN@pDNA were responsible of the successful uptake by cells and of the efficiency of GFP gene transfection. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE SAMNs are characterized by colloidal stability, excellent cell uptake, persistence in the host cells, low toxicity and are proposed as novel intelligent DNA nanovectors for efficient cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonaiuto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Davide Baratella
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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27
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Lateral Tension-Induced Penetration of Particles into a Liposome. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070765. [PMID: 28773125 PMCID: PMC5551808 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
It is important that we understand the mechanism of the penetration of particles into a living cell to achieve advances in bionanotechnology, such as for treatment, visualization within a cell, and genetic modification. Although there have been many studies on the application of functional particles to cells, the basic mechanism of penetration across a biological membrane is still poorly understood. Here we used a model membrane system to demonstrate that lateral membrane tension drives particle penetration across a lipid bilayer. After the application of osmotic pressure, fully wrapped particles on a liposome surface were found to enter the liposome. We discuss the mechanism of the tension-induced penetration in terms of narrow constriction of the membrane at the neck part. The present findings are expected to provide insight into the application of particles to biological systems.
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28
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Wang S, Meng X, Dong Y. Ursolic acid nanoparticles inhibit cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo via apoptosis induction. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1330-1340. [PMID: 28259944 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a cause of cancer death, making it one of the most common causes of death among women globally. Previously, a variety of studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms by which cervical cancer develops. However, there are still limitations in treatment for cervical cancer. Ursolic acid is a naturally derived pentacyclic triterpene acid, exhibiting broad anticancer effects. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been known to better the bioavailability of drugs on intranasal administration compared with only drug solutions. Administration of ursolic acid nanoparticles is thought to be sufficient to lead to considerable suppression of cervical cancer progression. We loaded gold-ursolic acid into poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to cervical cancer cell lines due to the properties of ursolic acid in altering cellular processes and the easier absorbance of nanoparticles. In addition, in this study, ursolic acid nanoparticles were administered to cervical cancer cells to find effective treatments for cervical cancer inhibition. In the present study, ELISA, western blotting, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assays were carried out to calculate the molecular mechanism by which ursolic acid nanoparticles modulated cervical cancer progression. Data indicated that ursolic acid nanoparticles, indeed, significantly suppress cervial cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration compared to the control group, and apoptosis was induced by ursolic acid nanoparticles in cervical cancer cells through activating caspases, p53 and suppressing anti-apoptosis-related signals. Furthermore, tumor size was reduced by treatment of ursolic acid nanoparticles in in vivo experiments. In conclusion, this study suggests that ursolic acid nanoparticles inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation via apoptosis induction, which could be a potential target for future therapeutic strategy clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Meng
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yaozhong Dong
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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29
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Jorritsma SHT, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B, Wijesundara DK. Delivery methods to increase cellular uptake and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2016; 34:5488-5494. [PMID: 27742218 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are ideal candidates for global vaccination purposes because they are inexpensive and easy to manufacture on a large scale such that even people living in low-income countries can benefit from vaccination. However, the potential of DNA vaccines has not been realized owing mainly to the poor cellular uptake of DNA in vivo resulting in the poor immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. In this review, we discuss the benefits and shortcomings of several promising and innovative non-biological methods of DNA delivery that can be used to increase cellular delivery and efficacy of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H T Jorritsma
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - E J Gowans
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - B Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - D K Wijesundara
- Virology Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
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30
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Pan Z, Shi Z, Wei H, Sun F, Song J, Huang Y, Liu T, Mao Y. Magnetofection Based on Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Weakens Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Mediating High Expression of MicroRNA-374a. J Cancer 2016; 7:1487-96. [PMID: 27471565 PMCID: PMC4964133 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells belong to a special subpopulation of glioma cells that are characterized by strong proliferation, invasion and drug resistance capabilities. Magnetic nanoparticles are nanoscale biological materials with magnetic properties. In this study, CD133+ primary glioma stem cells were isolated from patients and cultured. Then, magnetic nanoparticles were used to mediate the transfection and expression of a microRNA-374a overexpression plasmid in the glioma stem cells. Transmission electron microscopy detected the presence of significant magnetic nanoparticle substances within the CD133+ glioma stem cells after transfection. The qRT-PCR and Northern blot results showed that the magnetic nanoparticles could be used to achieve the transfection of the microRNA-374a overexpression plasmid into glioma stem cells and the efficient expression of mature microRNA-374a. The MTT and flow cytometry results showed that the proliferation inhibition rate was significantly higher in cells from the microRNA-374a transfection group than in cells from the microRNA-mut transfection group; additionally, the former cells presented significant cell cycle arrest. The Transwell experiments confirmed that the overexpression of microRNA-374a could significantly reduce the invasiveness of CD133+ glioma stem cells. Moreover, the high expression of microRNA-374a mediated by the magnetic nanoparticles effectively reduced the tumourigenicity of CD133+ glioma stem cells in nude mice. The luciferase assays revealed that mature microRNA-374a fragments could bind to the 3'UTR of Neuritin (NRN1), thereby interfering with Neuritin mRNA expression. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the overexpression of microRNA-374a significantly reduced the expression of genes such as NRN1, CCND1, CDK4 and Ki67 in glioma stem cells. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles can efficiently mediate the transfection and expression of microRNA expression plasmids in mammalian cells. The overexpression of microRNA-374a can effectively silence NRN1 expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumourigenicity of human glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Pan
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hua Wei
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fengyan Sun
- 2. Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Center of Aging Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianping Song
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- 3. Laboratoire PROTEE, Bâtiment R, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83957 LA GARDE Cedex, France
| | - Te Liu
- 4. Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.; 5. Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying Mao
- 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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31
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Magnetofection based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated low lncRNA HOTAIR expression decreases the proliferation and invasion of glioma stem cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:509-18. [PMID: 27277755 PMCID: PMC4922836 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a special subpopulation of glioma cells that are key to the sensitivity of tumors to treatments and to the possibility of tumor recurrence. Identifying new strategies that inhibit the growth of GSCs are therefore important for developing novel therapies for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this study, CD133+ human glioma stem cells were isolated and cultured. Magnetic nanoparticles were used to mediate the expression of siRNAs targeting the HOTAIR (si-HOTAIR) sequence in human gliomas. Effect of downregulation of HOTAIR expression on proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenicity of human GSCs and underlying molecular mechanisms were further evaluated. The results of the MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis showed that downregulation of HOTAIR expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. Transwell assays demonstrated that downregulation of HOTAIR expression resulted in a decrease in the invasive capability of GSCs. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticle-mediated low expression of HOTAIR effectively reduced the tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells in vivo. In addition, the results of qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that downregulation of HOTAIR expression significantly increased the expression of PDCD4 in GSCs, in addition to reducing the expression of CCND1 and CDK4. An in-depth mechanistic analysis showed that downregulation of HOTAIR expression reduced the recruitment of downstream molecules, EZH2 and LSD1, thereby activating the expression of PDCD4 at the transcriptional level. In conclusion, downregulation of HOTAIR expression effectively promoted the expression of PDCD4, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenicity of human GSCs.
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32
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Abbah SA, Thomas D, Browne S, O’Brien T, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Co-transfection of decorin and interleukin-10 modulates pro-fibrotic extracellular matrix gene expression in human tenocyte culture. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20922. [PMID: 26860065 PMCID: PMC4748261 DOI: 10.1038/srep20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix synthesis and remodelling are driven by increased activity of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). In tendon tissue repair, increased activity of TGF-β1 leads to progressive fibrosis. Decorin (DCN) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) antagonise pathological collagen synthesis by exerting a neutralising effect via downregulation of TGF-β1. Herein, we report that the delivery of DCN and IL-10 transgenes from a collagen hydrogel system supresses the constitutive expression of TGF-β1 and a range of pro-fibrotic extracellular matrix genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny A. Abbah
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Shane Browne
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O’Brien
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biosciences Research Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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Wang Y, Cui H, Yang Y, Zhao X, Sun C, Chen W, Du W, Cui J. Mechanism Study of Gene Delivery and Expression in PK-15 Cells Using Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Gene Carriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984414410189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of gene delivery and expression is one of the most important concerns raised by the development of gene delivery methods. Limited investigation is performed on how magnetic nanoparticles combine with DNA and deliver gene into mammalian cells. In this context, polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as gene carriers for binding and condensing with plasmid DNA expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The morphology and structure of MNP–DNA complexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We evidenced that large amounts of DNA wrapped around the surface of MNPs and that the MNPs were physically entrapped by the DNA arranged both horizontally and vertically. EGFP gene was successfully expressed under mediation of an external magnetic field which is necessary to efficiently target EGFP gene to the cells. Fluorescence from EGFP was separately detected in the cell cytoplasm and cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Street of Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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