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Soliman AS, Umstead A, Lamp J, Vega IE. EFhd2 co-aggregates with monomeric and filamentous tau in vitro. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1373410. [PMID: 38765673 PMCID: PMC11100465 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1373410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are characterized by the abnormal buildup of tau protein, with early oligomeric forms associated with neurodegeneration and the later neurofibrillary tangles possibly conferring neuroprotection. The molecular mechanisms governing the formation of these tau species are unclear. Lately, there has been an increased focus on examining the interactions between tau and other proteins, along with their influence on the aggregation of tau. Our previous work revealed EFhd2's association with pathological tau in animal models and tauopathy brains. Herein, we examined the impact of EFhd2 on monomeric and filamentous tau in vitro. The results demonstrated that EFhd2 incubation with monomeric full length human tau (hTau40) formed amorphous aggregates, where both EFhd2 and hTau40 colocalized. Moreover, EFhd2 is entangled with arachidonic acid (ARA)-induced filamentous hTau40. Furthermore, EFhd2-induced aggregation with monomeric and filamentous hTau40 is EFhd2 concentration dependent. Using sandwich ELISA assays, we assessed the reactivity of TOC1 and Alz50-two conformation-specific tau antibodies-to EFhd2-hTau40 aggregates (in absence and presence of ARA). No TOC1 signal was detected in EFhd2 aggregates with monomeric hTau40 whereas EFhd2 aggregates with hTau in the presence of ARA showed a higher signal compared to hTau40 filaments. In contrast, EFhd2 aggregates with both monomeric and filamentous hTau40 reduced Alz50 reactivity. Taken together, our results illustrate for the first time that EFhd2, a tau-associated protein, interacts with monomeric and filamentous hTau40 to form large aggregates that are starkly different from tau oligomers and filaments. Given these findings and previous research, we hypothesize that EFhd2 may play a role in the formation of tau aggregates. Nevertheless, further in vivo studies are imperative to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam S. Soliman
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrew Umstead
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jared Lamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Irving E. Vega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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2
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Wu J, Xu X, Duan J, Chai Y, Song J, Gong D, Wang B, Hu Y, Han T, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li J, Cao X. EFHD2 suppresses intestinal inflammation by blocking intestinal epithelial cell TNFR1 internalization and cell death. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1282. [PMID: 38346956 PMCID: PMC10861516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF acts as one pathogenic driver for inducing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death and substantial intestinal inflammation. How the IEC death is regulated to physiologically prevent intestinal inflammation needs further investigation. Here, we report that EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2), highly expressed in normal intestine tissues but decreased in intestinal biopsy samples of ulcerative colitis patients, protects intestinal epithelium from TNF-induced IEC apoptosis. EFHD2 inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis in primary IECs and intestinal organoids (enteroids). Mice deficient of Efhd2 in IECs exhibit excessive IEC death and exacerbated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, EFHD2 interacts with Cofilin and suppresses Cofilin phosphorylation, thus blocking TNF receptor I (TNFR1) internalization to inhibit IEC apoptosis and consequently protecting intestine from inflammation. Our findings deepen the understanding of EFHD2 as the key regulator of membrane receptor trafficking, providing insight into death receptor signals and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaying Song
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dongsheng Gong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Taotao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jingnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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3
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Mun SA, Park J, Kang JY, Park T, Jin M, Yang J, Eom SH. Structural and biochemical insights into Zn 2+-bound EF-hand proteins, EFhd1 and EFhd2. IUCRJ 2023; 10:233-245. [PMID: 36862489 PMCID: PMC9980392 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
EF-hand proteins, which contain a Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif, are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions. Ca2+ binding induces conformational changes that modulate the activities of EF-hand proteins. Moreover, these proteins occasionally modify their activities by coordinating metals other than Ca2+, including Mg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, within their EF-hands. EFhd1 and EFhd2 are homologous EF-hand proteins with similar structures. Although separately localized within cells, both are actin-binding proteins that modulate F-actin rearrangement through Ca2+-independent actin-binding and Ca2+-dependent actin-bundling activity. Although Ca2+ is known to affect the activities of EFhd1 and EFhd2, it is not known whether their actin-related activities are affected by other metals. Here, the crystal structures of the EFhd1 and EFhd2 core domains coordinating Zn2+ ions within their EF-hands are reported. The presence of Zn2+ within EFhd1 and EFhd2 was confirmed by analyzing anomalous signals and the difference between anomalous signals using data collected at the peak positions as well as low-energy remote positions at the Zn K-edge. EFhd1 and EFhd2 were also found to exhibit Zn2+-independent actin-binding and Zn2+-dependent actin-bundling activity. This suggests the actin-related activities of EFhd1 and EFhd2 could be regulated by Zn2+ as well as Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Mun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taein Park
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Thylur Puttalingaiah R. Role of Swiprosin-1/EFHD2 as a biomarker in the development of chronic diseases. Life Sci 2022; 297:120462. [PMID: 35276221 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Swiprosin-1 or EFHD2, is a Ca2+ binding actin protein and its expression has been shown to be distinct in various cell types. The expression of swiprosin-1 is upregulated during the activation of immune cells, epithelial and endothelial cells. The expression of swiprosin-1 is regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are contingent upon the specific type of cells. The aim of this review is to summarize and provide an overview of the role of swiprosin-1 in pathophysiological conditions of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, neuropsychiatric diseases, and in the process of inflammation, immune response, and inflammatory diseases. Novel approaches for the targeting of swiprosin-1 as a biomarker in the early detection and prevention of various development of chronic diseases are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Thylur Puttalingaiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, Room 945-B1, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA..
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5
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4763-4781. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Soliman AS, Umstead A, Grabinski T, Kanaan NM, Lee A, Ryan J, Lamp J, Vega IE. EFhd2 brain interactome reveals its association with different cellular and molecular processes. J Neurochem 2021; 159:992-1007. [PMID: 34543436 PMCID: PMC9552186 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
EFhd2 is a conserved calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. We have shown that EFhd2 interacts with tau protein, a key pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, EFhd2's physiological and pathological functions in the brain are still poorly understood. To gain insights into its physiological function, we identified proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with EFhd2 from mouse forebrain and hindbrain, using tandem mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, quantitative mass spectrometry was used to detect protein abundance changes due to the deletion of the Efhd2 gene in mouse forebrain and hindbrain regions. Our data show that mouse EFhd2 is associated with cytoskeleton components, vesicle trafficking modulators, cellular stress response-regulating proteins, and metabolic proteins. Moreover, proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, vesicular transport, calcium signaling, stress response, and metabolic pathways showed differential abundance in Efhd2(-/-) mice. This study presents, for the first time, an EFhd2 brain interactome that it is associated with different cellular and molecular processes. These findings will help prioritize further studies to investigate the mechanisms by which EFhd2 modulates these processes in physiological and pathological conditions of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam S Soliman
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrew Umstead
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Tessa Grabinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Andy Lee
- NeuroInitiatives LLC, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - John Ryan
- NeuroInitiatives LLC, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jared Lamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Gao M, Zeng K, Li Y, Liu YP, Xia X, Xu FL, Yao J, Wang BJ. Association between EFHD2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520932801. [PMID: 32567430 PMCID: PMC7309398 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520932801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The gene encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) may be a genetic risk locus for schizophrenia. Methods We genotyped four EFHD2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (281 schizophrenia cases [SCZ], 321 controls) from northern Chinese Han individuals using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences existed in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions between SCZ and control groups. Results The rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls; however, this difference disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Differences in rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions between SCZ and controls were more pronounced in men than in women. The G allele increased schizophrenia risk (odds ratio = 1.807, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–2.803). Among six haplotypes (G–, A–, G-insC, A-C, G-C, and G-T), the G– haplotype frequency distribution differed between SCZ and controls in women; the A-C and G-C haplotype frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls in men. Conclusions EFHD2 may be involved in schizophrenia. Sex differences in EFHD2 genotype and allele frequency distributions existed among schizophrenia patients. Further research is needed to determine the role of EFHD2 in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuo Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Ping Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng-Ling Xu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-Jie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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Skóra MN, Pattij T, Beroun A, Kogias G, Mielenz D, de Vries T, Radwanska K, Müller CP. Personality driven alcohol and drug abuse: New mechanisms revealed. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:64-73. [PMID: 32565173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of the regular consumers of alcohol controls their consumption well over life span and even takes instrumentalization benefits from it, a minority, but yet high total number of users develops an alcohol addiction. It has long been known that particular personality types are more addiction prone than others. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of neurobiological pathways that determine personality and facilitate drug abuse. Novel approaches to characterize personality traits leading to addiction proneness in social settings in mice are discussed. A common genetic and neurobiological base for the behavioural traits of sensation seeking or a depressed phenotype and escalating alcohol consumption are reviewed. Furthermore, recent progress on how social and cognitive factors, including impulsivity and decision making, act at brain level to make an individual more vulnerable to alcohol abuse, are discussed. Altogether, this review provides an update on brain mechanisms underlying a broad spectrum of personality traits that make an individual more prone to alcohol and drug abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nalberczak Skóra
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, Nencki Institute, ul. L. Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Beroun
- BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taco de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, CNCR, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasia Radwanska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Behavior, Nencki Institute, ul. L. Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Fan CC, Tsai ST, Lin CY, Chang LC, Yang JC, Chen GY, Sher YP, Wang SC, Hsiao M, Chang WC. EFHD2 contributes to non-small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance by the activation of NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101571. [PMID: 32446175 PMCID: PMC7243194 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis remain the major cause of cancer mortality. Even for early-stage lung cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy yields merely slight increase to patient survival. EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) has recently been implicated in recurrence of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the correlation between EFHD2 and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of EFHD2 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients with chemotherapy in in silica analysis. Ectopic EFHD2 overexpression increased cisplatin resistance, whereas EFHD2 knockdown improved chemoresponse. Mechanistically, EFHD2 induced the production of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and in turn the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently activating membrane expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) for drug efflux. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen suppressed EFHD2 expression by leading to the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of EFHD2 through a cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent mechanism. Combining ibuprofen with cisplatin enhanced antitumor responsiveness in a murine xenograft model in comparison with the individual treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrate that EFHD2 promotes chemoresistance through the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis and therefore developing EFHD2-targeting strategies may offer a new avenue to improve adjuvant chemotherapy of lung cancer. EFHD2 increases resistance of lung cancer to cisplatin. EFHD2 enhances the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1signalingfor cisplatin efflux. Ibuprofen suppresses EFHD2 through both proteasomal and lysosomal degradationmechanisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Fan
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Swiprosin-1/EFhD-2 Expression in Cardiac Remodeling and Post-Infarct Repair: Effect of Ischemic Conditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093359. [PMID: 32397496 PMCID: PMC7247556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1 (EFhD2) is a molecule that triggers structural adaptation of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes to cell culture conditions by initiating a process known as cell spreading. This process mimics central aspects of cardiac remodeling, as it occurs subsequent to myocardial infarction. However, expression of swiprosin-1 in cardiac tissue and its regulation in vivo has not yet been addressed. The expression of swiprosin-1 was analyzed in mice, rat, and pig hearts undergoing myocardial infarction or ischemia/reperfusion with or without cardiac protection by ischemic pre- and postconditioning. In mouse hearts, swiprosin-1 protein expression was increased after 4 and 7 days in myocardial infarct areas specifically in cardiomyocytes as verified by immunoblotting and histology. In rat hearts, swiprosin-1 mRNA expression was induced within 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion but this induction was abrogated by conditioning. As in cultured cardiomyocytes, the expression of swiprosin-1 was associated with a coinduction of arrestin-2, suggesting a common mechanism of regulation. Rno-miR-32-3p and rno-miR-34c-3p were associated with the regulation pattern of both molecules. Moreover, induction of swiprosin-1 and ssc-miR-34c was also confirmed in the infarct zone of pigs. In summary, our data show that up-regulation of swiprosin-1 appears in the postischemic heart during cardiac remodeling and repair in different species.
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Kogias G, Zheng F, Kalinichenko LS, Kornhuber J, Alzheimer C, Mielenz D, Müller CP. Swiprosin1/EFhd2 is involved in the monoaminergic and locomotor responses of psychostimulant drugs. J Neurochem 2020; 154:424-440. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Liubov S. Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology Department of Internal Medicine III Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Center University Clinic Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
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12
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Bawari S, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Sah AN, Nabavi SF, Xu S, Vacca RA, Nabavi SM, Shirooie S. Targeting BDNF signaling by natural products: Novel synaptic repair therapeutics for neurodegeneration and behavior disorders. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fürnrohr BG, Mielenz D. Quantification of Human Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 Expression on Protein and RNA Level. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:595-605. [PMID: 30710299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many Ca2+-binding proteins are differentially regulated under pro-inflammatory conditions in different organs. Specific quantification of RNA and protein expression of those proteins demands validated protocols. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can mirror an inflammatory status originating from several organs and can therefore be an important diagnostic tool. Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (EFhd2) is a ~30 kDa Ca2+ and F-actin binding, cytoskeletal protein with two central EF hands and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. Unbiased gene expression analyses and proteomics revealed that EFhd2 is regulated under pro-inflammatory conditions in several cell types and tissues. Here we describe validated protocols to quantify the expression of the human orthologue of Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 on RNA and protein level in PBMC. Both methods reveal that EFhd2 is stronger expressed in monocytes than in B cells of healthy donors. Thus, initial experiments relying on qPCR are likely to provide results with functional relevance. The higher expression of EFhd2 in monocytes could be related to monocyte migration under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Division of Molecular immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Conserved Noncoding Sequences Boost ADR1 and SP1 Regulated Human Swiprosin-1 Promoter Activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16481. [PMID: 30405162 PMCID: PMC6220333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1 is expressed in various types of cells or tissues of different species. To investigate the mechanisms underlying Swiprosin-1 expression pattern, we analyzed the promoter activity of 2-kilobase genomic sequences located at 5′ flanking region of the Swiprosin-1 gene. The −2000/+41 bp of 5′ flanking untranslated promoter region of Swiprosin-1 gene was constitutively transactivated without significant effect of PMA, A23187, or PMA/A23187 stimulation in Jurkat T cells. Further, we identified 5′ deletant of proximal promoter region (−100/+41 to −70/+41) plays a pivotal role in activating the Swiprosin-1 gene in Jurkat T cells. Our studies also verified that ADR1 and Sp1 transcription factors were located between −70 and -100 locus of 5′ flanking proximal promoter region, which is critical for the Swiprosin-1 promoter activity. ADR1 and Sp1 were shown to bind the regions of −82, −79, −76, −73 and −70 and; −79, −78 and −77, respectively, within the proximal promoter region of Swiprosin-1. Finally conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) -1, -2 and -3 were located between the exon 1 and exon 2 of Swiprosin-1 gene and synergistically transactivated the Swiprosin-1 promoter. In summary, Swiprosin-1 was constitutively expressed in Jurkat T cells by the coordinate action of ADR1 and SP1 transcription factors at the transcriptional level and CNS further boost the proximal region of Swiprosin-1 promoter activity. Our findings provide novel insights that the transcriptional regulation of Swiprosin-1 by targeting ADR1 and Sp1 binding sites may be helpful in exploring novel therapeutic strategies for advanced immune or other disorders.
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EFhd2/Swiprosin-1 is a common genetic determinator for sensation-seeking/low anxiety and alcohol addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1303-1319. [PMID: 28397836 PMCID: PMC5984092 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In many societies, the majority of adults regularly consume alcohol. However, only a small proportion develops alcohol addiction. Individuals at risk often show a high sensation-seeking/low-anxiety behavioural phenotype. Here we asked which role EF hand domain containing 2 (EFhd2; Swiprosin-1) plays in the control of alcohol addiction-associated behaviours. EFhd2 knockout (KO) mice drink more alcohol than controls and spontaneously escalate their consumption. This coincided with a sensation-seeking and low-anxiety phenotype. A reversal of the behavioural phenotype with β-carboline, an anxiogenic inverse benzodiazepine receptor agonist, normalized alcohol preference in EFhd2 KO mice, demonstrating an EFhd2-driven relationship between personality traits and alcohol preference. These findings were confirmed in a human sample where we observed a positive association of the EFhd2 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs112146896 with lifetime drinking and a negative association with anxiety in healthy adolescents. The lack of EFhd2 reduced extracellular dopamine levels in the brain, but enhanced responses to alcohol. In confirmation, gene expression analysis revealed reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression and the regulation of genes involved in cortex development, Eomes and Pax6, in EFhd2 KO cortices. These findings were corroborated in Xenopus tadpoles by EFhd2 knockdown. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mice showed that a lack of EFhd2 reduces cortical volume in adults. Moreover, human MRI confirmed the negative association between lifetime alcohol drinking and superior frontal gyrus volume. We propose that EFhd2 is a conserved resilience factor against alcohol consumption and its escalation, working through Pax6/Eomes. Reduced EFhd2 function induces high-risk personality traits of sensation-seeking/low anxiety associated with enhanced alcohol consumption, which may be related to cortex function.
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Regensburger M, Mielenz D, Winner B. Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 - another piece in the puzzle of tauopathy? Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:522-523. [PMID: 29695643 PMCID: PMC5940108 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Regensburger M, Prots I, Reimer D, Brachs S, Loskarn S, Lie DC, Mielenz D, Winner B. Impact of Swiprosin-1/Efhd2 on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:347-355. [PMID: 29337116 PMCID: PMC5830914 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Swiprosin-1/Efhd2 (Efhd2) is highly expressed in the CNS during development and in the adult. EFHD2 is regulated by Ca2+ binding, stabilizes F-actin, and promotes neurite extension. Previous studies indicated a dysregulation of EFHD2 in human Alzheimer's disease brains. We hypothesized a detrimental effect of genetic ablation of Efhd2 on hippocampal integrity and specifically investigated adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Efhd2 was expressed throughout adult neuronal development and in mature neurons. We observed a severe reduction of the survival of adult newborn neurons in Efhd2 knockouts, starting at the early neuroblast stage. Spine formation and dendrite growth of newborn neurons were compromised in full Efhd2 knockouts, but not upon cell-autonomous Efhd2 deletion. Together with our finding of severe hippocampal tauopathy in Efhd2 knockout mice, these data connect Efhd2 to impaired synaptic plasticity as present in Alzheimer's disease and identify a role of Efhd2 in neuronal survival and synaptic integration in the adult hippocampus. Efhd2 is expressed in the dentate gyrus and its loss reduces adult neurogenesis Reduced neurite complexity and spine density in new neurons of Efhd2 knockout mice Role of cell-extrinsic EFHD2 for dendrite morphology of adult newborn neurons Increased levels of pathological TAU in the hippocampus of Efhd2 knockout mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dorothea Reimer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sandra Loskarn
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Emil-Fischer Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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Thylur RP, Gowda R, Mishra S, Jun CD. Swiprosin-1: Its Expression and Diverse Biological Functions. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:150-156. [PMID: 28590012 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is a Ca2+ binding adapter protein involved in the various cellular functions. Swiprosin-1 is significantly upregulated in a number of pathological conditions of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Swiprosin-1 associated with actin and its expression level amplifies the production of proinflammatory mediators and modulates the activation of transcription factor during immune cells activation. This review aims at providing an overview of the expression and function of swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in various pathophysiological conditions. We also discussed the key role of swiprosin-1 in immune cell activation, cell migration, apoptosis, humoral immunity, cancer invasion and metastasis, neuronal transport, and major signaling cascades. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 150-156, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P Thylur
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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Physiological and pathophysiological functions of Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in the nervous system. Biochem J 2017; 473:2429-37. [PMID: 27515255 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca(2+) are linked to neurodegenerative processes and behavioural disorders. Our understanding of the causes and factors involved in behavioural disorders and neurodegeneration, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), a tau-related disease, is on the one hand limited and on the other hand controversial. Here, we review recent data about the links between the Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand-containing cytoskeletal protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 and neurodegeneration. Specifically, we summarize the functional biochemical data obtained in vitro with the use of recombinant EFhd2 protein, and integrated them with in vivo data in order to interpret the emerging role of EFhd2 in synaptic plasticity and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly involving the tauopathies. We also discuss its functions in actin remodelling through cofilin and small GTPases, thereby linking EFhd2, synapses and the actin cytoskeleton. Expression data and functional experiments in mice and in humans have led to the hypothesis that down-regulation of EFhd2, especially in the cortex, is involved in dementia.
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Alvarado ME, Rubiano C, Calvo E, Gómez V, Wasserman M. Experimental and bioinformatic characterization of CaBP2933 an EF-Hand protein of Giardia intestinalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2017; 214:65-68. [PMID: 28373093 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a parasite that inhabits the small intestine of humans. This parasite is a divergent eukaryote with a compact genome. The calcium ion is an essential messenger in cell signaling. Calcium's role as a messenger is mediated through calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) that decode the message. The most important family of CaBPs is the EF-Hand protein family. In this study we have explored the role of EF-Hand protein CaBP2933. We analyzed its location, confirmed its ability to bind calcium and identified some of its interacting proteins. Take together our results suggest that CaBP2933 is involved in vesicular trafficking during encystation, via an interaction with kinesin-3 motor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda E Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica- LIBBIQ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 44 No. 45-67, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Rubiano
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica- LIBBIQ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 44 No. 45-67, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Calvo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica- LIBBIQ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 44 No. 45-67, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica- LIBBIQ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 44 No. 45-67, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Moisés Wasserman
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica- LIBBIQ, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 44 No. 45-67, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang ZB, Han P, Tong LC, Luo Y, Su WH, Wei X, Yu XH, Liu WY, Zhang XH, Lei H, Li ZZ, Wang F, Chen JG, Ma TH, Su DF, Li L. Low level of swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in vestibular nuclei of spontaneously hypersensitive motion sickness mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40986. [PMID: 28128226 PMCID: PMC5269593 DOI: 10.1038/srep40986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to motion sickness (MS) varies considerably among humans. However, the cause of such variation is unclear. Here, we used a classical genetic approach to obtain mouse strains highly sensitive and resistant to MS (SMS and RMS). Proteomics analysis revealed substantially lower swiprosin-1 expression in SMS mouse brains. Inducing MS via rotary stimulation decreased swiprosin-1 in the mouse brains. Swiprosin-1 knockout mice were much more sensitive to motion disturbance. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong swiprosin-1 expression in the vestibular nuclei (VN). Over-expressing swiprosin-1 in the VN of SMS mice decreased MS susceptibility. Down-regulating swiprosin-1 in the VN of RMS mice by RNAi increased MS susceptibility. Additional in vivo experiments revealed decreased swiprosin-1 expression by glutamate via the NMDA receptor. Glutamate increased neuronal excitability in SMS or swiprosin-1 knockout mice more prominently than in RMS or wild-type mice. These results indicate that swiprosin-1 in the VN is a critical determinant of the susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling-Chang Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei-Heng Su
- Basal medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 130041, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu-Hong Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Ye Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tong-Hui Ma
- Basal medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 130041, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Vega IE. EFhd2, a Protein Linked to Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:150. [PMID: 27064956 PMCID: PMC4814571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
EFhd2 is a conserved calcium binding protein linked to different neurological disorders and types of cancer. Although, EFhd2 is more abundant in neurons, it is also found in other cell types. The physiological function of this novel protein is still unclear, but it has been shown in vitro to play a role in calcium signaling, apoptosis, actin cytoskeleton, and regulation of synapse formation. Recently, EFhd2 was shown to promote cell motility by modulating the activity of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA. Although, EFhd2's role in promoting cell invasion and metastasis is of great interest in cancer biology, this review focusses on the evidence that links EFhd2 to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. Altered expression of EFhd2 has been documented in AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and schizophrenia, indicating that Efhd2 gene expression is regulated in response to neuropathological processes. However, the specific role that EFhd2 plays in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders is still poorly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that EFhd2 has structural characteristics similar to amyloid proteins found in neurological disorders. Moreover, EFhd2 co-aggregates and interacts with known neuropathological proteins, such as tau, C9orf72, and Lrrk2. These results suggest that EFhd2 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the understanding of EFhd2's role in health and disease could lead to decipher molecular mechanisms that become activated in response to neuronal stress and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving E Vega
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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The calcium-binding protein EFhd2 modulates synapse formation in vitro and is linked to human dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 73:1166-82. [PMID: 25383639 PMCID: PMC4238966 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EFhd2 is a calcium-binding adaptor protein that has been found to be associated with pathologically aggregated tau in the brain in Alzheimer disease and in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia. EFhd2 has cell type-specific functions, including the modulation of intracellular calcium responses, actin dynamics, and microtubule transport. Here we report that EFhd2 protein and mRNA levels are reduced in human frontal cortex tissue affected by different types of dementia with and without tau pathology. We show that EFhd2 is mainly a neuronal protein in the brain and is abundant in the forebrain. Using short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of EFhd2 expression in cultured cortical neurons, we demonstrate that loss of EFhd2 affects the number of synapses developed in vitro whereas it does not alter neurite outgrowth per se. Our data suggest that EFhd2 is involved in the control of synapse development and maintenance through means other than affecting neurite development. The changes in expression levels observed in human dementias might, therefore, play a significant role in disease onset and progression of dementia, which is characterized by the loss of synapses.
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The adaptor protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 is dispensable for platelet function in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107139. [PMID: 25243606 PMCID: PMC4170979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are anuclear cell fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes that safeguard vascular integrity, but may also cause pathological vessel occlusion. Reorganizations of the platelet cytoskeleton and agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+-mobilization are crucial for platelet hemostatic function. EF-hand domain containing 2 (EFhd2, Swiprosin-1) is a Ca2+-binding cytoskeletal adaptor protein involved in actin remodeling in different cell types, but its function in platelets is unknown. Objective Based on the described functions of EFhd2 in immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that EFhd2 is a crucial adaptor protein for platelet function acting as a regulator of Ca2+-mobilization and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Methods and Results We generated EFhd2-deficient mice and analyzed their platelets in vitro and in vivo. Efhd2-/- mice displayed normal platelet count and size, exhibited an unaltered in vivo life span and showed normal Ca2+-mobilization and activation/aggregation responses to classic agonists. Interestingly, upon stimulation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, Efhd2-/- platelets showed a slightly increased coagulant activity. Furthermore, absence of EFhd2 had no significant impact on integrin-mediated clot retraction, actomyosin rearrangements and spreading of activated platelets on fibrinogen. In vivo EFhd2-deficiency resulted in unaltered hemostatic function and unaffected arterial thrombus formation. Conclusion These results show that EFhd2 is not essential for platelet function in mice indicating that other cytoskeletal adaptors may functionally compensate its loss.
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