1
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Li G, Wang H, Meftahpour V. Overall review of curative impact and barriers of CAR-T cells in osteosarcoma. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:364-383. [PMID: 38655095 PMCID: PMC11036068 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare form of cancer and primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Current therapies include surgery, chemotherapy, and amputation. Therefore, a new therapeutic strategy is needed to dramatically change cancer treatment. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) have been of considerable interest as it has provided auspicious results and patients suffering from low side effects after injection that resolve with current therapy. However, there are reports that cytokine release storm (CRS) can be observed in some patients. In addition, as researchers have faced problems that limit and suppress T cells, further studies are required to resolve these problems. In addition, to maximize the therapeutic benefit of CAR-T cell therapy, researchers have suggested that combination therapy could be better used to treat cancer by overcoming any problems and reducing side effects as much as possible. This review summarizes these problems, barriers, and the results of some studies on the evaluation of CAR-T cells in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Li
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang Henan 464000 China
| | - Hong Wang
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang Henan 464000 China
| | - Vafa Meftahpour
- Medical Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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2
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Shackleford TJ, Hariharan S, Vaseva AV, Alagoa K, Espinoza M, Bid HK, Li F, Zhong H, Phelps DA, Roberts RD, Cam H, London CA, Guttridge DC, Chen Y, Rao M, Shiio Y, Houghton PJ. Redundant Signaling as the Predominant Mechanism for Resistance to Antibodies Targeting the Type-I Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor in Cells Derived from Childhood Sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:539-550. [PMID: 36696581 PMCID: PMC10073271 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) induce objective responses in only 5% to 15% of children with sarcoma. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance may identify combination therapies that optimize efficacy of IGF-1R-targeted antibodies. Sensitivity to the IGF-1R-targeting antibody TZ-1 was determined in rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Acquired resistance to TZ-1 was developed and characterized in sensitive Rh41 cells. The BRD4 inhibitor, JQ1, was evaluated as an agent to prevent acquired TZ-1 resistance in Rh41 cells. The phosphorylation status of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) was assessed. Sensitivity to TZ-1 in vivo was determined in Rh41 parental and TZ-1-resistant xenografts. Of 20 sarcoma cell lines, only Rh41 was sensitive to TZ-1. Cells intrinsically resistant to TZ-1 expressed multiple (>10) activated RTKs or a relatively less complex set of activated RTKs (∼5). TZ-1 decreased the phosphorylation of IGF-1R but had little effect on other phosphorylated RTKs in all resistant lines. TZ-1 rapidly induced activation of RTKs in Rh41 that was partially abrogated by knockdown of SOX18 and JQ1. Rh41/TZ-1 cells selected for acquired resistance to TZ-1 constitutively expressed multiple activated RTKs. TZ-1 treatment caused complete regressions in Rh41 xenografts and was significantly less effective against the Rh41/TZ-1 xenograft. Intrinsic resistance is a consequence of redundant signaling in pediatric sarcoma cell lines. Acquired resistance in Rh41 cells is associated with rapid induction of multiple RTKs, indicating a dynamic response to IGF-1R blockade and rapid development of resistance. The TZ-1 antibody had greater antitumor activity against Rh41 xenografts compared with other IGF-1R-targeted antibodies tested against this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J. Shackleford
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Saint Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Angelina V. Vaseva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Hemant K. Bid
- Resonant Therapeutics, Inc. Life Sciences Institute (LSI) University of Michigan
| | - Fuyang Li
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Doris A. Phelps
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Hakan Cam
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Cheryl A. London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Manjeet Rao
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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4
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Taylor AM, Sun JM, Yu A, Voicu H, Shen J, Barkauskas DA, Triche TJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Man TK, Lau CC. Integrated DNA Copy Number and Expression Profiling Identifies IGF1R as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148036. [PMID: 35887382 PMCID: PMC9319262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor arising from bone-forming mesenchymal cells in children and adolescents. Despite efforts to understand the biology of the disease and identify novel therapeutics, the survival of osteosarcoma patients remains dismal. We have concurrently profiled the copy number and gene expression of 226 osteosarcoma samples as part of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures (SPECS) initiative. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneous landscape of osteosarcoma in younger populations by showing the presence of genome-wide copy number abnormalities occurring both recurrently among samples and in a high frequency. Insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which binds IGF1 and IGF2 to activate downstream pathways involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation. We identify prevalent amplification of IGF1R corresponding with increased gene expression in patients with poor survival outcomes. Our results substantiate previously tenuously associated copy number abnormalities identified in smaller datasets (13q34+, 20p13+, 4q35-, 20q13.33-), and indicate the significance of high fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression in distinguishing patients with poor prognosis. FGFR2 is involved in cellular proliferation processes such as division, growth and angiogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrate the prognostic significance of several genes associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Taylor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi M. Sun
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Horatiu Voicu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | | | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ching C. Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-207-288-6000
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5
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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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6
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Wang Y, Tian X, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Lazcano R, Hingorani P, Roth ME, Gill JD, Harrison DJ, Xu Z, Jusu S, Kannan S, Wang J, Lazar AJ, Earley EJ, Erickson SW, Gelb T, Huxley P, Lahdenranta J, Mudd G, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Kolb EA, Gorlick R. Comprehensive surfaceome profiling to identify and validate novel cell-surface targets in osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:903-913. [PMID: 35312779 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunoconjugates targeting cell-surface antigens have demonstrated clinical activity to enable regulatory approval in several solid and hematologic malignancies. We hypothesize that a rigorous and comprehensive surfaceome profiling approach to identify osteosarcoma-specific cell-surface antigens can similarly enable development of effective therapeutics in this disease. Herein, we describe an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic surfaceome profiling approach to identify cell-surface proteins that are highly expressed in osteosarcoma but minimally expressed on normal tissues. Using this approach, we identified targets that are highly expressed in osteosarcoma. Three targets, MT1-MMP, CD276, and MRC2, were validated as overexpressed in osteosarcoma. Further, we tested BT1769, an MT1-MMP-targeted Bicycle toxin conjugate, in osteosarcoma PDX models. The results showed BT1769 had encouraging anti-tumor activity, high affinity for its target and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. This confirms the hypothesis that our approach identifies novel targets with significant therapeutic potential in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wendong Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhongting Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Pooja Hingorani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael E Roth
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan D Gill
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Douglas J Harrison
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sylvester Jusu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, ´Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric J Earley
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - Tara Gelb
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Gemma Mudd
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Peter J Houghton
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Edward A Kolb
- Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Richard Gorlick
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Correlation of nuclear pIGF-1R/IGF-1R and YAP/TAZ in a tissue microarray with outcomes in osteosarcoma patients. Oncotarget 2022; 13:521-533. [PMID: 35284040 PMCID: PMC8906536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a genetically diverse bone cancer that lacks a consistent targetable mutation. Recent studies suggest the IGF/PI3K/mTOR pathway and YAP/TAZ paralogs regulate cell fate and proliferation in response to biomechanical cues within the tumor microenvironment. How this occurs and their implication upon osteosarcoma survival, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IGF-1R can translocate into the nucleus, where it may act as part of a transcription factor complex. To explore the relationship between YAP/TAZ and total and nuclear phosphorylated IGF-1R (pIGF-1R), we evaluated sequential tumor sections from a 37-patient tissue microarray by confocal microscopy. Next, we examined the relationship between stained markers, clinical disease characteristics, and patient outcomes. The nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (N:C ratio) of YAP and TAZ strongly correlated with nuclear pIGF-1R (r = 0.522, p = 0.001 for each pair). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that nuclear pIGF-1R predicted poor overall survival, a finding confirmed in the Cox proportional hazards model. Though additional investigation in a larger prospective study will be required to validate the prognostic accuracy of these markers, our results may have broad implications for the new class of YAP, TAZ, AXL, or TEAD inhibitors that have reached early phase clinical trials this year.
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8
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CAR T targets and microenvironmental barriers of osteosarcoma. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:567-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Lin Z, Wu Z, Luo W. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: The Light of Day for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174469. [PMID: 34503279 PMCID: PMC8431424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As a novel immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved encouraging results in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, CAR-T cells have been explored in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). However, there is no strong comprehensive evidence to support their efficacy. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on CAR-T cells for OS to demonstrate their feasibility and provide new options for the treatment of OS. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor, arising mainly in children and adolescents. With the introduction of multiagent chemotherapy, the treatments of OS have remarkably improved, but the prognosis for patients with metastases is still poor, with a five-year survival rate of 20%. In addition, adverse effects brought by traditional treatments, including radical surgery and systemic chemotherapy, may seriously affect the survival quality of patients. Therefore, new treatments for OS await exploitation. As a novel immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved encouraging results in treating cancer in recent years, especially in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, researchers have recently focused on CAR-T therapy in solid tumors, including OS. In this review, we summarize the safety, specificity, and clinical transformation of the targets in treating OS and point out the direction for further research.
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10
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Roessner A, Lohmann C, Jechorek D. Translational cell biology of highly malignant osteosarcoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:291-303. [PMID: 33631032 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly malignant osteosarcoma (HMO) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor preferentially occurring in adolescents and children with a second more flat peak in patients over the age of 60. The younger patients benefit from combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 65-70% 5-year survival rate. In patients with metastatic HMO the 5-year survival rate is consistently poor with approximately 30%. In the last several years strategies for target therapies have been developed by using next generation sequencing (NGS) for defining targetable molecular factors. However, it has so far been challenging to establish an effective target therapy for so-called 'orphan tumors' without recognizable driver mutations, including HMO. The molecular genetic studies using NGS have shown that HMOs are genomically unstable tumors with highly complex chaotic karyotypes. Before the background of this genetic complexity more investigations should be performed in the future for defining targetable biological factors. As the prognosis could not be improved for 40 years one may expect improvements for patients only by gaining a deeper understanding of the cell and molecular biology of HMO. The cell of origin of HMO is being clarified now. The majority of studies indicate that an osteoblastic progenitor cell is probably the cell of origin of HMO and not an undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell. This means that the established histopathological definition of HMO through verification of osteoid production by the osteoblastic cells is well justified and will probably be the cornerstone for a precise differential diagnosis of HMO also in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Roessner
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lohmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doerthe Jechorek
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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11
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Fei D, Zhang X, Lu Y, Tan L, Xu M, Zhang Y. Long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma progression by regulating miR-497/IGF1R axis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2155-2168. [PMID: 32509208 PMCID: PMC7270007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) actin filament-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple cancers. However, exact function and regulatory mechanism of AFAP1-AS1 in osteosarcoma (OS) remain largely unclear. In this study, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that AFAP1-AS1 was upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Increased AFAP1-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that mircoRNA-497 (miR-497) was a directly target of AFAP1-AS1. Rescue experiments confirmed that miR-497 inhibition could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of AFAP1-AS1 knockdown on OS cells. Moreover, AFAP1-AS1 modulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R, a target of miR-497) indirectly. In vivo xenograft tumor assay showed that AFAP1-AS1 knockdown inhibited tumor tumorigenesis. Taken together, these findings indicate that AFAP1-AS1 promotes OS progression by regulating miR-497/IGF1R axis, providing a therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fei
- Department of Ultrasonographic, The Third Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Ultrasonographic, The Third Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Ultrasonographic, The Third Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, P. R. China
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12
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[Osteoid-forming bone tumors : Morphology and current translational cell biology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:123-133. [PMID: 32078700 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are the most important benign osteoid-forming tumors. They grow slowly and are well differentiated. Histologically, the tumor cells show no atypia and no increased mitoses. In typical cases, they can be clearly diagnosed. However, the rare cases on the dividing line between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma are extremely problematic. In these cases, molecular genetic investigations should contribute to finding the correct diagnosis in the future.Juvenile highly malignant osteosarcoma is the most important malignant osteoid-forming tumor. About 40 years ago, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was introduced for the mostly young patients. This therapy highly significantly improved prognosis. However, a plateau phase was quickly reached and the last several decades have seen no further progress in conventional therapeutic approaches. There is no doubt that further progress can only be achieved on the basis of new molecular genetic and cell biological findings. The target-therapeutic strategies derived from these findings will be discussed in this review.The rare parosteal osteosarcoma and the even rarer periosteal osteosarcoma are mostly not highly malignant tumors that are located on the surface of bone. The parosteal osteosarcoma is usually G1 and the periosteal osteosarcoma G2. Occasionally, the differential diagnosis between a parosteal osteosarcoma and a fibrous dysplasia is difficult. In such rare cases, the detection of GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia can prove useful. In contrast to chondromas and chondrosarcomas, periosteal osteosarcomas do not contain IDH1 and IDH2 mutations.
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Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Joshi S, Coulter DW. Alpha-Particle Therapy for Multifocal Osteosarcoma: A Hypothesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:418-424. [PMID: 32073902 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OST) is the most common bone tumor in children and adolescents with a second peak of incidence in elderly adults usually diagnosed as secondary tumors in Paget's disease or irradiated bone. Subjects with metastatic disease or whose disease relapses after the initial therapy have a poor prognosis. Moreover, multifocal OST contains tumor-initiating cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. The use of aggressive therapies in an attempt to eradicate these cells can have long-term negative consequences in these vulnerable patient populations. 227Th-labeled molecular probes based on ligands to OST-associated receptors such as IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor receptor 1), HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), and PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) are expected to detect and treat osseous and nonosseous sites of multifocal OST. Published reports indicate that 227Th has limited myelotoxicity, can be stably chelated to its carriers and, as it decays at targeted sites, 227Th produces 223Ra that is subsequently incorporated into the areas of increased osteoblastic activity, that is, osseous metastatic lesions. Linear energy transfer of α particles emitted by 227Th and its daughter 223Ra is within the range of the optimum relative biological effectiveness. The radiotoxicity of α particles is virtually independent of the phase in the cell cycle, oxygenation, and the dose rate. For these reasons, even resistant OST cells remain susceptible to killing by high-energy α particles, which can also kill adjacent quiescent OST cells or cells with low expression of targeted receptors. Systemic side effects are minimized by the limited range of these intense radiations. Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography of 227Th and 223Ra is feasible. Additionally, the availability of radionuclide pairs, for example, 89Zr for positron emission tomography and 227Th for therapy, establish a strong basis for the theranostic use of 227Th in the individualized treatment of multifocal OST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - John G Sharp
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shantharam Joshi
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Osteosarcoma: 2019 Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:141-155. [PMID: 32767239 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary conclusions of our 2014 contribution to this series were as follows: Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) likely contribute to aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma and, therefore, inhibition of multiple RTKs is likely necessary for successful clinical outcomes. Inhibition of multiple RTKs may also be useful to overcome resistance to inhibitors of individual RTKs as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Different combinations of RTKs are likely important in individual patients. AXL, EPHB2, FGFR2, IGF1R, and RET were identified as promising therapeutic targets by our in vitro phosphoproteomic/siRNA screen of 42 RTKs in the highly metastatic LM7 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. This chapter is intended to provide an update on these topics as well as the large number of osteosarcoma clinical studies of inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases (multi-TKIs) that were recently published.
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Phase I Study of IGF-Methotrexate Conjugate in the Treatment of Advanced Tumors Expressing IGF-1R. Am J Clin Oncol 2019; 42:862-869. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Selfe J, Shipley JM. IGF signalling in germ cells and testicular germ cell tumours: roles and therapeutic approaches. Andrology 2019; 7:536-544. [PMID: 31179642 PMCID: PMC6771568 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays key roles in normal tissue growth and development as well as in the progression of several tumour types and their subsequent growth and progression to a metastatic phenotype. This review explores the role of IGF system in normal germ cell development and function in addition to examining the evidence for deregulation of IGF signalling in cancer, with particular relevance to evidence supporting a role in testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Despite the clear preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in cancer, there has been a lack of progress in identifying which patients may benefit from such therapy. Future employment of agents targeting the IGF pathway is expected to concentrate on their use in combination with other treatments to prevent resistance and exploit their potential as chemo- and radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Qi B, Zhang R, Sun R, Guo M, Zhang M, Wei G, Zhang L, Yu S, Huang H. IGF-1R inhibitor PQ401 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1589-1598. [PMID: 31933976 PMCID: PMC6947108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
IGF-1R is expressed abnormally in osteosarcoma (OS) and could participate in its progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of the IGF-1R inhibitor PQ401 as a treatment for OS. The relative expression of IGF-1R in OS patient tumors and the U2OS cell line were determined by qRT-PCR and by accessing information in a public database. Inhibition of cell proliferation by PQ401 was determined by MTT assay. Cell migration under low concentration treatment of PQ401 was carried out by transwell and wound healing assays. PQ401 induction of OS cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Tumorigenesis under PQ401 treatment was evaluated by a colony formation assay. Finally, downstream blockage of the IGF-1R pathway was verified by western blotting. Our results show that the expression of IGF-1R was remarkably higher in OS cells, particularly in U2OS, than in other cancer-type cell lines. The inhibition of the IGF-1R pathway by PQ401 exhibited significant anticancer activity in the U2OS cell line in not only proliferation but also migration and colony formation. In addition, PQ401 is a strong inducer of OS cell apoptosis. Furthermore, western blotting was used to demonstrate that the IGF-1R related downstream pathway, including total ERK1/2, was significantly inhibited by PQ401. Thus, IGF-1R inhibition may represent a novel treatment for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rujun Sun
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guojun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Xiang’an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen UniversityChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
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18
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Currier AW, Kolb EA, Gorlick RG, Roth ME, Gopalakrishnan V, Sampson VB. p27/Kip1 functions as a tumor suppressor and oncoprotein in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6161. [PMID: 30992462 PMCID: PMC6467888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The p27/kip1 (p27) tumor suppressor inhibits cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes and halts cell cycle progression. p27 further regulates invasion and migration in cancer cells, suggesting p27 also functions as an oncoprotein. Using a human osteosarcoma tissue microarray we identified high expression of cytoplasmic p27 in metastatic tumors. We demonstrated a positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression of p27 and expression of key metastatic markers, vimentin, snail-2, β-catenin and stathmin-1 (STMN1) in patient tumors. Our results show that T198 phosphorylation of p27 controls the interaction between p27 and STMN1 that regulates microtubule stabilization and the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells. We found that anti-tumoral activity of gemcitabine and the Wee1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 in osteosarcoma cells, was dependent on drug sequencing that relied on p27 stabilization. Gemcitabine activated caspase-3 and synergized with AZD1775 through caspase-mediated cleavage of p27, that dissociated from STMN1 and effectively induced apoptosis. Further, blockage of nuclear export of p27 by inhibition of Exportin-1 (XPO1) promoted growth arrest, demonstrating that the biological effects of agents relied on the expression and localization of p27. Together, these data provide a rationale for combining chemotherapy with agents that promote p27 tumor suppressor activity for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Currier
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - E A Kolb
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Richard G Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Valerie B Sampson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Tan GJS, Gerrand CH, Rankin KS. Blood-borne biomarkers of osteosarcoma: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27462. [PMID: 30251311 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Development of clinically useful biomarkers has the potential to improve treatments. The aim of this review was to investigate the recent literature assessing the utility of biomarkers for osteosarcoma. A detailed literature search was performed, with hand searches for related research publications. The search was limited to publications in English between January 2007 and February 2017. Of 286 studies identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria. There is a wide range of osteosarcoma biomarkers identified which act as clinical prognostic factors in patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J S Tan
- The Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - C H Gerrand
- The London Sarcoma Service, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - K S Rankin
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhang K, Wang W, Liu Y, Guo A, Yang D. Let-7b acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via targeting IGF1R. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1646-1654. [PMID: 30675224 PMCID: PMC6341898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs serve crucial functions in cancer progression by inhibiting the translation of target genes and causing mRNA degradation. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of Let-7b in osteosarcoma (OS) has not, to the best of our knowledge, been comprehensively elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of Let-7b in OS and clarify the regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) by Let-7b. It was observed that Let-7b was significantly downregulated in OS tissues and cell lines compared with the matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues and human normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19. Overexpression of Let-7b significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of U2OS and SAOS-2 cells. A luciferase reporter assay validated that IGF1R was a downstream and functional target of Let-7b. Let-7b was also able to decrease the expression levels of IGF1R protein. Functional studies revealed that the antitumor effect of Let-7b was probably due to targeting and suppressing IGF1R expression. Furthermore, in OS tissues, IGF1R was identified to be significantly upregulated and negatively correlated with Let-7b levels. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that Let-7b suppresses OS cellular proliferation and invasion via targeting IGF1R. A novel candidate prognostic factor was identified and it is suggested that the Let-7b/IGF1R axis may represent a novel anti-metastasis therapeutic target in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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21
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Mancarella C, Scotlandi K. IGF system in sarcomas: a crucial pathway with many unknowns to exploit for therapy. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T45-T60. [PMID: 29273680 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has gained substantial interest due to its involvement in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival during anoikis and after conventional and targeted therapies. However, results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing, with only a few but notable exceptions, such as trials targeting sarcomas, especially Ewing sarcoma. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring the properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. This review discusses the potential roles of IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) and metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in regulating the IGF system. Deeper investigation of these novel regulators of the IGF system may help us to further elucidate the spatial and temporal control of the IGF axis, as understanding the control of this axis is essential for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancarella
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Lab, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Camblin AJ, Pace EA, Adams S, Curley MD, Rimkunas V, Nie L, Tan G, Bloom T, Iadevaia S, Baum J, Minx C, Czibere A, Louis CU, Drummond DC, Nielsen UB, Schoeberl B, Pipas JM, Straubinger RM, Askoxylakis V, Lugovskoy AA. Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2873-2885. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Kumar AS, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Targeting IGF1R pathway in cancer with microRNAs: How close are we? RNA Biol 2018; 15:320-326. [PMID: 28613101 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1338240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck are the most common cancers in India and account for 30% of all cancers. At molecular level, it could be attributed to the overexpression of growth factors like IGF1-R, EGFR, VEGF-R and deregulation of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors. IGF1-R is an emerging target in head and neck cancer treatment, because of its reported role in tumor development, progression and metastasis. IGF1R targeted agents are in advanced stages of clinical development. Nevertheless, these agents suffer from several disadvantages including acquired resistance and toxic side effects. Hence there is a need for developing newer agents targeting not only the receptor but also its downstream signaling. miRNAs are considered as master regulators of gene expression of multiple genes and has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the present status of research in both these arenas and emphasizes the role of miRNA as a promising agent for biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy S Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- b Department of Human Genetics , College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology & Research, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai , India
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Selfe J, Goddard NC, McIntyre A, Taylor KR, Renshaw J, Popov SD, Thway K, Summersgill B, Huddart RA, Gilbert DC, Shipley JM. IGF1R signalling in testicular germ cell tumour cells impacts on cell survival and acquired cisplatin resistance. J Pathol 2018; 244:242-253. [PMID: 29160922 PMCID: PMC5817239 DOI: 10.1002/path.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most frequent malignancy and cause of death from solid tumours in the 20‐ to 40‐year age group. Although most cases show sensitivity to cis‐platinum‐based chemotherapy, this is associated with long‐term toxicities and chemo‐resistance. Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases other than KIT are largely unknown in TGCT. We therefore conducted a phosphoproteomic screen and identified the insulin growth factor receptor‐1 (IGF1R) as both highly expressed and activated in TGCT cell lines representing the nonseminomatous subtype. IGF1R was also frequently expressed in tumour samples from patients with nonseminomas. Functional analysis of cell line models showed that long‐term shRNA‐mediated IGF1R silencing leads to apoptosis and complete ablation of nonseminoma cells with active IGF1R signalling. Cell lines with high levels of IGF1R activity also showed reduced AKT signalling in response to decreased IGF1R expression as well as sensitivity to the small‐molecule IGF1R inhibitor NVP‐AEW541. These results were in contrast to those in the seminoma cell line TCAM2 that lacked IGF1R signalling via AKT and was one of the two cell lines least sensitive to the IGF1R inhibitor. The dependence on IGF1R activity in the majority of nonseminomas parallels the known role of IGF signalling in the proliferation, migration, and survival of primordial germ cells, the putative cell of origin for TGCT. Upregulation of IGF1R expression and signalling was also found to contribute to acquired cisplatin resistance in an in vitro nonseminoma model, providing a rationale for targeting IGF1R in cisplatin‐resistant disease. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Neil C Goddard
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kathryn R Taylor
- Glioma Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jane Renshaw
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sergey D Popov
- Glioma Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Department of Histopathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brenda Summersgill
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert A Huddart
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Duncan C Gilbert
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Janet M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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25
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Kim CK, Oh S, Kim SJ, Leem SH, Heo J, Chung SH. Correlation of IGF1R expression with ABCG2 and CD44 expressions in human osteosarcoma. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:381-388. [PMID: 29892839 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumors. Insulin Growth Factor 1 receptor (IGFR1) has been known as a prognostic factor for metastasis of osteosarcoma. ABC subfamily G member2 (ABCG2) is related to resistance to anti-cancer drug, and CD44 has a role in tumor growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among expression patterns of IGF1R, ABCG2, and CD44 in osteosarcoma. The expression levels of IGF1R, ABCG2, and CD44 proteins were determined in tissue arrays containing osteosarcoma tissues from 59 osteosarcoma patients. The expression pattern of IGF1R was highly correlated with the expression pattern of ABCG2 (r = 0.88) in overall osteosarcoma patients. According to pathological types, the expression pattern of IGF1R showed the higher correlation with ABGC2 (r = 0.90) and CD44 (r = 0.61) in osteoblatic type than in chondroblastic type. According to gender with pathologic type, the correlation between the expression patterns of IGF1R and CD44 was higher in male with osteoblatic type than in female with osteoblatic type. Among different age groups, the 1-10 years age group showed higher correlation in IGF1R versus CD44 (r = 0.90) and ABCG2 versus CD44 (0.80) than in other age groups. These results showed that the expression of IGF1R appears to be highly correlated with the expression of ABCG2 in osteosarcoma and with the expression of CD44 in osteosarcoma patients under age of 10, which suggests that ABCG2 and CD44 can be used as prognostic factors with IGF1R for specific prognosis and efficient treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheung-Kue Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Gospel Hospital, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, South Korea.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunju Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sook-Ja Kim
- Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Heo
- Institute for Medical Science, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, South Korea.
| | - So-Hak Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Gospel Hospital, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267, South Korea.
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26
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Zhang HL, Zhang H. Withaferin-A Induces Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cell Line via Generation of ROS and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:523-527. [PMID: 28839383 PMCID: PMC5551376 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.211042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Withaferin-A (WF-A) is a well-known dietary compound isolated from Withania sominifera. It has tremendous pharmacological potential and has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative activity against several types of cancerous cells. Currently, the main focus of anti-cancer therapeutic development is to identify apoptosis inducing drug-like molecules. Osteosarcoma is a rare type of osteocancer, affecting human. The present study therefore focused on the evaluation of antitumor potential of WF-A against several osteosarcoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate WF-A against osteosarcoma cell lines and to calculate the IC50. DAPI staining was used to confirm the apoptosis inducing potential of WF-A. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and Western blotting were used to confirm the basis of apoptosis. Results: The results revealed that that WF-A exhibited strong antiproliferative activity against all the cells lines, with IC50 ranging from 0.32 to 7.6 μM. The lowest IC50 (0.32 μM) was observed against U2OS cell line and therefore it was selected for further analysis. DAPI staining indicated that WF-A exhibited antiproliferative activity via induction of apoptosis. Moreover, WF-A induced ROS-mediated reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner and activation of caspase-3 in osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion We propose that WF-A may prove a potent therapeutic agent for inducing apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines via generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. SUMMARY WF-A exhibits strong anticancer activity against osteosarcoma cell lines Antiproliferative activity of WF-A is via induction of apoptosis WF-A induced ROS-mediated reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential WF-A induced expression of caspase-3 in osteosarcoma cells.
Abbreviations used: WA: Withaferin A; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; OS: Osteosarcoma; MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Liang Zhang
- Department of Elderly Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Gvozdenovic A, Boro A, Born W, Muff R, Fuchs B. A bispecific antibody targeting IGF-IR and EGFR has tumor and metastasis suppressive activity in an orthotopic xenograft osteosarcoma mouse model. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1435-1449. [PMID: 28744395 PMCID: PMC5523026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive bone cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-associated death in childhood and adolescence. Pulmonary metastases account for the high mortality rate in osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches, efficiently restraining the metastatic disease, are mandatory for a significant improvement of the currently poor patients' survival. Although initial studies with antibodies targeting insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) showed promising potential for the treatment of patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, phase II clinical trials revealed variable results, which implied activation of alternative signaling pathways leading to therapy resistance. Since a cross-talk between IGF-IR and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been demonstrated in several cancer types, co-targeting of these two receptors was considered in the present study as a valuable therapeutic strategy to overcome single-agent treatment resistance in osteosarcoma. The effects of IGF-IR and/or EGFR targeting by intraperitoneal administration of the monospecific IGF-IR antibody R1507 or the EGFR antibody Cetuximab or the bispecific IGF-IR/EGFR antibody XGFR* on primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis were investigated in an intratibial human xenograft osteosarcoma mouse model. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that targeting IGF-IR and EGFR didn't affect osteosarcoma cell viability, but inhibited ligand-activated intracellular signaling and cell migratory capacity. The blocking potential of ligand-induced signaling in vitro was similar for all antibodies, but, in vivo, only XGFR* treatment significantly inhibited intratibial primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. The therapeutic response to XGFR* was associated with an infiltration of innate immune system effector cells into the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our study highlights the bispecific anti-IGF-IR/EGFR antibody XGFR* as an innovative promising effective candidate for the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma and provides the rationale for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gvozdenovic
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University HospitalZurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Boro
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University HospitalZurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Born
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University HospitalZurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Muff
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University HospitalZurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fuchs
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University HospitalZurich, Switzerland
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28
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Behjati S, Tarpey PS, Haase K, Ye H, Young MD, Alexandrov LB, Farndon SJ, Collord G, Wedge DC, Martincorena I, Cooke SL, Davies H, Mifsud W, Lidgren M, Martin S, Latimer C, Maddison M, Butler AP, Teague JW, Pillay N, Shlien A, McDermott U, Futreal PA, Baumhoer D, Zaikova O, Bjerkehagen B, Myklebost O, Amary MF, Tirabosco R, Van Loo P, Stratton MR, Flanagan AM, Campbell PJ. Recurrent mutation of IGF signalling genes and distinct patterns of genomic rearrangement in osteosarcoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15936. [PMID: 28643781 PMCID: PMC5490007 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy of bone that affects children and adults. Here, we present the largest sequencing study of osteosarcoma to date, comprising 112 childhood and adult tumours encompassing all major histological subtypes. A key finding of our study is the identification of mutations in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling genes in 8/112 (7%) of cases. We validate this observation using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in an additional 87 osteosarcomas, with IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) amplification observed in 14% of tumours. These findings may inform patient selection in future trials of IGF1R inhibitors in osteosarcoma. Analysing patterns of mutation, we identify distinct rearrangement profiles including a process characterized by chromothripsis and amplification. This process operates recurrently at discrete genomic regions and generates driver mutations. It may represent an age-independent mutational mechanism that contributes to the development of osteosarcoma in children and adults alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Behjati
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Corpus Christi College, Cambridge CB2 1RH, UK
| | - Patrick S. Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Matthew D. Young
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sarah J. Farndon
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Grace Collord
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David C. Wedge
- Oxford Big Data Institute and Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Susanna L. Cooke
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William Mifsud
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mathias Lidgren
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sancha Martin
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark Maddison
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jon W. Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adam Shlien
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ola Myklebost
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway
- University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - M. Fernanda Amary
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Michael R. Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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29
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Li H, Batth IS, Qu X, Xu L, Song N, Wang R, Liu Y. IGF-IR signaling in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and targeting IGF-IR therapy: overview and new insights. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:6. [PMID: 28137302 PMCID: PMC5282886 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and contributes to metastasis and drug resistance in several subtypes of tumors. In preclinical studies, targeting of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) showed promising anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, high expectations for anti-IGF-IR therapy encountered challenge and disappointment in numerous clinical trials. This review summarizes the regulation of EMT by IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathway and drug resistance mechanisms of targeting IGF-IR therapy. Most importantly, we address several factors in the regulation of IGF-I/IGF-IR-associated EMT progression that may be potential predictive biomarkers in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.
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30
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Grohar PJ, Janeway KA, Mase LD, Schiffman JD. Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:725-735. [PMID: 28561686 PMCID: PMC6066791 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors make up a significant portion of noncentral nervous system solid tumor diagnoses in pediatric oncology patients. Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, both with distinct clinical and pathologic features, are the two most commonly encountered bone cancers in pediatrics. Although mutations in the germline have classically been more associated with osteosarcoma, there is recent evidence germline alterations in patients with Ewing sarcoma also play a significant role in pathogenesis. Treatment advances in this patient population have lagged behind that of other pediatric malignancies, particularly targeted interventions directed at the biologic underpinnings of disease. Recent advances in biologic and genomic understanding of these two cancers has expanded the potential for therapeutic advancement and prevention. In Ewing sarcoma, directed focus on inhibition of EWSR1-FLI1 and its effectors has produced promising results. In osteosarcoma, instead of a concentrated focus on one particular change, largely due to tumor heterogeneity, a more diversified approach has been adopted including investigations of growth factors inhibitors, signaling pathway inhibitors, and immune modulation. Continuing recently made treatment advances relies on clinical trial design and enrollment. Clinical trials should include incorporation of biological findings; specifically, for Ewing sarcoma, assessment of alternative fusions and, for osteosarcoma, stratification utilizing biomarkers. Expanded cancer genomics knowledge, particularly with solid tumors, as it relates to heritability and incorporation of family history has led to early identification of patients with cancer predisposition. In these patients through application of cost-effective evidence-based screening techniques the ultimate goal of cancer prevention is becoming a realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Grohar
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Luke D Mase
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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31
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Grohar PJ, Janeway KA, Mase LD, Schiffman JD. Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37. [PMID: 28561686 PMCID: PMC6066791 DOI: 10.14694/edbk_175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone tumors make up a significant portion of noncentral nervous system solid tumor diagnoses in pediatric oncology patients. Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, both with distinct clinical and pathologic features, are the two most commonly encountered bone cancers in pediatrics. Although mutations in the germline have classically been more associated with osteosarcoma, there is recent evidence germline alterations in patients with Ewing sarcoma also play a significant role in pathogenesis. Treatment advances in this patient population have lagged behind that of other pediatric malignancies, particularly targeted interventions directed at the biologic underpinnings of disease. Recent advances in biologic and genomic understanding of these two cancers has expanded the potential for therapeutic advancement and prevention. In Ewing sarcoma, directed focus on inhibition of EWSR1-FLI1 and its effectors has produced promising results. In osteosarcoma, instead of a concentrated focus on one particular change, largely due to tumor heterogeneity, a more diversified approach has been adopted including investigations of growth factors inhibitors, signaling pathway inhibitors, and immune modulation. Continuing recently made treatment advances relies on clinical trial design and enrollment. Clinical trials should include incorporation of biological findings; specifically, for Ewing sarcoma, assessment of alternative fusions and, for osteosarcoma, stratification utilizing biomarkers. Expanded cancer genomics knowledge, particularly with solid tumors, as it relates to heritability and incorporation of family history has led to early identification of patients with cancer predisposition. In these patients through application of cost-effective evidence-based screening techniques the ultimate goal of cancer prevention is becoming a realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Grohar
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Luke D Mase
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- From the Van Andel Research Institute/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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32
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Yang SA. Association between exonic polymorphism (rs629849, Gly1619Arg) of IGF2R gene and obesity in Korean population. J Exerc Rehabil 2015; 11:282-6. [PMID: 26535220 PMCID: PMC4625658 DOI: 10.12965/jer.150239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to obesity. A previous study suggested that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) may affect obesity and that IGFs regulate cellular signals by receptors that include the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R). In this research, the rs3743262 and rs2229765 SNPs of IGF1R gene and rs629849 and rs1805075 SNPs of IG-F2R gene were genotyped in 120 overweight and obese patients with a BMI≥23 kg/m2 (Body Mass Index) and 123 healthy controls with a BMI of 18.5–23.0 kg/m2. Genotyping of each SNP was performed by direct sequencing. Among tested SNPs in IGF1R and IGF2R genes, rs629849 SNP of IGF2R gene showed significant association with obesity (OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.02–3.40, P=0.044 in codominant1 model; OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.10–3.57, P=0.020 in dominant model; OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.13–3.31, P=0.013 in log-additive model). And allele distribution between the control group and overweight/obese group also showed significant difference (OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.14–3.28, P=0.015). In conclusion, these results indicate that rs629849 SNP of IGF2R might be contributed to development of obesity in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ae Yang
- College of Nursing, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Abstract
Preclinical studies in the 1980s defined a role for IGF signaling in the development and sustainability of the malignant process. Subsequently, antibody, tyrosine kinase, and ligand inhibitors of the IGF receptor were manufactured. In the past decade, numerous clinical trials have tested the efficacy of IGF receptor inhibitors in the treatment of advanced tumors. Early-phase trials in heavily pretreated populations showed promise with complete or partial responses in a few patients and stable disease in many more. Unfortunately, the results of the early-phase trials did not pan out to later-phase trials. The lack of use of biomarkers to define subsets of patients that may benefit from IGF receptor blockade and compensatory signaling via other growth factor receptors such as the insulin, GH, and epidermal growth factor receptors may have played a role in the lack of efficacy of IGF receptor inhibition in phase III trials. Although these trials failed to show benefit, the trials have revealed previously unknown knowledge regarding the complex nature of IGF signaling. The knowledge obtained from these trials will be useful in designing future trials studying inhibitors of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Beckwith
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Douglas Yee
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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34
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Alfranca A, Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Abarrategi A, Amaral T, de Alava E, Menendez P, Garcia-Castro J, Rodriguez R. Bone microenvironment signals in osteosarcoma development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3097-113. [PMID: 25935149 PMCID: PMC11113487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone is a complex connective tissue composed of many different cell types such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells, among others. The interaction between them is finely balanced through the processes of bone formation and bone remodeling, which regulates the production and biological activity of many soluble factors and extracellular matrix components needed to maintain the bone homeostasis in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Osteosarcoma (OS) emerges in this complex environment as a result of poorly defined oncogenic events arising in osteogenic lineage precursors. Increasing evidence supports that similar to normal development, the bone microenvironment (BME) underlies OS initiation and progression. Here, we recapitulate the physiological processes that regulate bone homeostasis and review the current knowledge about how OS cells and BME communicate and interact, describing how these interactions affect OS cell growth, metastasis, cancer stem cell fate and therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Alfranca
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Castro
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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35
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Liang J, Li B, Yuan L, Ye Z. Prognostic value of IGF-1R expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1949-55. [PMID: 26251617 PMCID: PMC4524581 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s88293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has indicated a correlation between IGF-1R and bone and soft tissue sarcoma (BSTS) progression. However, research on the prognostic role of IGF-1R in sarcomas has revealed very different or even totally opposite results. This meta-analysis aimed to unveil the controversial role IGF-1R plays in predicting the outcome of BSTS patients. We systematically reviewed the evidence for the effect of IGF-1R expression in multiple types of BSTSs, including osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, to elucidate this issue. The prognostic value of IGF-1R expression in BSTS patients was evaluated regarding overall survival, measured by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven studies including 627 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that IGF-1R expression was associated with poor outcome in terms of overall survival in BSTS patients (pooled HR =2.15, 95% CI: 1.06–4.38; P=0.03). In subtypes of BSTSs, elevated IGF-1R expression was revealed to be significantly correlated with worse prognosis in osteosarcoma (pooled HR =2.20, 95% CI: 1.59–0.03; P<0.001), while no statistical significance was discovered in Ewing’s sarcoma (pooled HR =1.01, 95% CI: 0.45–2.27; P=0.99). Expression of IGF-1R could be a negative prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from BSTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Heidegger I, Massoner P, Sampson N, Klocker H. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis as an anticancer target in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:113-21. [PMID: 26231734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in males. In recent years, several new targeting agents have been introduced for the treatment of advanced stages of the disease. However, development of resistance limits the efficacy of new drugs and there is a further need to develop additional novel treatment approaches. One of the most investigated targets in cancer research is the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, whose receptors are overexpressed in several cancer entities including PCa. In preclinical studies in PCa, targeting of the IGF axis receptors showed promising anti-tumor effects. Currently available data on clinical studies do not meet the expectations for this new treatment approach. In this review we provide a summary of preclinical and clinical studies on the IGF axis in PCa including treatment with monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, we summarize preliminary results from ongoing studies and discuss limitations and side effects of the substances used. We also address the role of the IGF axis in the biomarkers setting including IGF-binding proteins and genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heidegger
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Massoner
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Maugg D, Rothenaigner I, Schorpp K, Potukuchi HK, Korsching E, Baumhoer D, Hadian K, Smida J, Nathrath M. New small molecules targeting apoptosis and cell viability in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129058. [PMID: 26039064 PMCID: PMC4454490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the option of multimodal therapy in the treatment strategies of osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor, the standard therapy has not changed over the last decades and still involves multidrug chemotherapy and radical surgery. Although successfully applied in many patients a large number of patients eventually develop recurrent or metastatic disease in which current therapeutic regimens often lack efficacy. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we performed a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign using a 25,000 small-molecule diversity library to identify new small molecules selectively targeting osteosarcoma cells. We could identify two new small molecules that specifically reduced cell viability in OS cell lines U2OS and HOS, but affected neither hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) nor primary human osteoblasts (hOB). In addition, the two compounds induced caspase 3 and 7 activity in the U2OS cell line. Compared to conventional drugs generally used in OS treatment such as doxorubicin, we indeed observed a greater sensitivity of OS cell viability to the newly identified compounds compared to doxorubicin and staurosporine. The p53-negative OS cell line Saos-2 almost completely lacked sensitivity to compound treatment that could indicate a role of p53 in the drug response. Taken together, our data show potential implications for designing more efficient therapies in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Maugg
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Children´s Cancer Research Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute for Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute for Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harish Kumar Potukuchi
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Bone Tumor Reference Center at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute for Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Smida
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Children´s Cancer Research Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Clinical Cooperation Group Osteosarcoma, Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Children´s Cancer Research Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Lee JA. Osteosarcoma in Korean children and adolescents. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 58:123-8. [PMID: 25932033 PMCID: PMC4414626 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.4.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor. Advances in combination chemotherapy and surgical technique have greatly improved the survival of patients with osteosarcoma. In Korea, improvements in osteosarcoma treatment have been made over the past two decades. The 5-year event-free survival rate of Korean children and adolescents with localized disease is 64.6%, comparable to that of American or European patients. This article provides an overview of current therapies for osteosarcoma in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ségaliny AI, Tellez-Gabriel M, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Receptor tyrosine kinases: Characterisation, mechanism of action and therapeutic interests for bone cancers. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:1-12. [PMID: 26579483 PMCID: PMC4620971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancers are characterised by the development of tumour cells in bone sites, associated with a dysregulation of their environment. In the last two decades, numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed to target the cancer cells or tumour niche. As the crosstalk between these two entities is tightly controlled by the release of polypeptide mediators activating signalling pathways through several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), RTK inhibitors have been designed. These inhibitors have shown exciting clinical impacts, such as imatinib mesylate, which has become a reference treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia and gastrointestinal tumours. The present review gives an overview of the main molecular and functional characteristics of RTKs, and focuses on the clinical applications that are envisaged and already assessed for the treatment of bone sarcomas and bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude I Ségaliny
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France
| | - Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France ; CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France ; CHU de Nantes, France
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