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Akamatsu G, Tsutsui Y, Daisaki H, Mitsumoto K, Baba S, Sasaki M. A review of harmonization strategies for quantitative PET. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:71-88. [PMID: 36607466 PMCID: PMC9902332 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PET can reveal in vivo biological processes at the molecular level. PET-derived quantitative values have been used as a surrogate marker for clinical decision-making in numerous clinical studies and trials. However, quantitative values in PET are variable depending on technical, biological, and physical factors. The variability may have a significant impact on a study outcome. Appropriate scanner calibration and quality control, standardization of imaging protocols, and any necessary harmonization strategies are essential to make use of PET as a biomarker with low bias and variability. This review summarizes benefits, limitations, and remaining challenges for harmonization of quantitative PET, including whole-body PET in oncology, brain PET in neurology, PET/MR, and non-18F PET imaging. This review is expected to facilitate harmonization of quantitative PET and to promote the contribution of PET-derived biomarkers to research and development in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Akamatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Imaging Research, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yuji Tsutsui
- Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Health Science, Junshin Gakuen University, 1-1-1 Chikushigaoka, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8510 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Daisaki
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mitsumoto
- Department of Clinical Radiology Service, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Shingo Baba
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Medical Quantum Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
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Sharma S, Kalidindi T, Joshi S, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Burnazi E, Lee SG, Pillarsetty N, Chiosis G. Synthesis of 124I-labeled epichaperome probes and assessment in visualizing pathologic protein-protein interaction networks in tumor bearing mice. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101318. [PMID: 35496791 PMCID: PMC9046997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epichaperomes are disease-associated pathologic scaffolds composed of tightly bound chaperones and co-chaperones. They provide opportunities for precision medicine where aberrant protein-protein interaction networks, rather than a single protein, are detected and targeted. This protocol describes the synthesis and characterization of two 124I-labeled epichaperome probes, [124I]-PU-H71 and [124I]-PU-AD, both which have translated to clinical studies. It shows specific steps in the use of these reagents to image and quantify epichaperome-positivity in tumor bearing mice through positron emission tomography. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bolaender et al. (2021), Inda et al. (2020), and Pillarsetty et al. (2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chander S. Digwal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eva Burnazi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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3
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Pain CD, O'Keefe GJ, Scott AM. Monte Carlo calculated calibration settings for commercially available nuclear medicine ionisation chambers. Med Phys 2022; 49:1874-1887. [PMID: 35041767 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A method for calculating nuclear medicine ionisation chamber (NMIC) calibration settings with a Monte Carlo model is presented and validated against physical measurements. This work provides Monte Carlo calculated calibration settings for select isotopes with no current manufacturer recommendations and a method by which NMIC manufacturers or standards laboratories can utilise highly detailed specifications to calculate comprehensive lists of calibration settings for general isotopes. METHODS A Monte Carlo model of a Capintec PET series NMIC was developed and used to calculate the chamber response to relevant radioactive decay products over an energy range relevant to nuclear medicine. The photon detection efficiency (PDE) of a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was modelled and physically validated to facilitate measurements of NMIC calibration settings with HPGe detector spectroscopy. Modelled NMIC response to various isotopes was compared against spectroscopic measurements and NIST validated calibration settings to validate the Monte Carlo calculated NMIC calibration settings. RESULTS HPGe detector PDE was validated against the physical measurements to within 3.3% at 95% confidence and used to measure calibration settings which produced activity readings 0.7%, 1.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% different than those validated by NIST for 11 C, 18 F, 68 Ga and 64 Cu respectively. The Monte Carlo model of the NMIC reproduced measured calibration settings to within 7% at 95% confidence for isotopes with a sufficiently small yield of low energy photons. CONCLUSIONS A method of calculating NMIC calibration settings with Monte Carlo modelling has been developed and validated against HPGe detector spectroscopy. NMIC manufacturers or standards laboratories can use more detailed specifications of the chamber geometries to extend the applicability of this method to a wider range of isotopes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Spatio-temporal biodistribution of 89Zr-oxine labeled huLym-1-A-BB3z-CAR T-cells by PET imaging in a preclinical tumor model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15077. [PMID: 34302002 PMCID: PMC8302724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative in vivo monitoring of cell biodistribution offers assessment of treatment efficacy in real-time and can provide guidance for further optimization of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified cell therapy. We evaluated the utility of a non-invasive, serial 89Zr-oxine PET imaging to assess optimal dosing for huLym-1-A-BB3z-CAR T-cell directed to Lym-1-positive Raji lymphoma xenograft in NOD Scid-IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice. In vitro experiments showed no detrimental effects in cell health and function following 89Zr-oxine labeling. In vivo experiments employed simultaneous PET/MRI of Raji-bearing NSG mice on day 0 (3 h), 1, 2, and 5 after intravenous administration of low (1.87 ± 0.04 × 106 cells), middle (7.14 ± 0.45 × 106 cells), or high (16.83 ± 0.41 × 106 cells) cell dose. Biodistribution (%ID/g) in regions of interests defined over T1-weighted MRI, such as blood, bone, brain, liver, lungs, spleen, and tumor, were analyzed from PET images. Escalating doses of CAR T-cells resulted in dose-dependent %ID/g biodistributions in all regions. Middle and High dose groups showed significantly higher tumor %ID/g compared to Low dose group on day 2. Tumor-to-blood ratios showed the enhanced extravascular tumor uptake by day 2 in the Low dose group, while the Middle dose showed significant tumor accumulation starting on day 1 up to day 5. From these data obtained over time, it is apparent that intravenously administered CAR T-cells become trapped in the lung for 3–5 h and then migrate to the liver and spleen for up to 2–3 days. This surprising biodistribution data may be responsible for the inactivation of these cells before targeting solid tumors. Ex vivo biodistributions confirmed in vivo PET-derived biodistributions. According to these studies, we conclude that in vivo serial PET imaging with 89Zr-oxine labeled CAR T-cells provides real-time monitoring of biodistributions crucial for interpreting efficacy and guiding treatment in patient care.
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Saldarriaga Vargas C, Bauwens M, Pooters INA, Pommé S, Peters SMB, Segbers M, Jentzen W, Vogg A, van Velden FHP, Meyer Viol SL, Gotthardt M, Mottaghy FM, Wildberger JE, Covens P, Wierts R. An international multi-center investigation on the accuracy of radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine theragnostics. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:69. [PMID: 33226485 PMCID: PMC7683758 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Personalized molecular radiotherapy based on theragnostics requires accurate quantification of the amount of radiopharmaceutical activity administered to patients both in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This international multi-center study aims to investigate the clinical measurement accuracy of radionuclide calibrators for 7 radionuclides used in theragnostics: 99mTc, 111In, 123I, 124I, 131I, 177Lu, and 90Y. Methods In total, 32 radionuclide calibrators from 8 hospitals located in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany were tested. For each radionuclide, a set of four samples comprising two clinical containers (10-mL glass vial and 3-mL syringe) with two filling volumes were measured. The reference value of each sample was determined by two certified radioactivity calibration centers (SCK CEN and JRC) using two secondary standard ionization chambers. The deviation in measured activity with respect to the reference value was determined for each radionuclide and each measurement geometry. In addition, the combined systematic deviation of activity measurements in a theragnostic setting was evaluated for 5 clinically relevant theragnostic pairs: 131I/123I, 131I/124I, 177Lu/111In, 90Y/99mTc, and 90Y/111In. Results For 99mTc, 131I, and 177Lu, a small minority of measurements were not within ± 5% range from the reference activity (percentage of measurements not within range: 99mTc, 6%; 131I, 14%; 177Lu, 24%) and almost none were outside ± 10% range. However, for 111In, 123I, 124I, and 90Y, more than half of all measurements were not accurate within ± 5% range (111In, 51%; 123I, 83%; 124I, 63%; 90Y, 61%) and not all were within ± 10% margin (111In, 22%; 123I, 35%; 124I, 15%; 90Y, 25%). A large variability in measurement accuracy was observed between radionuclide calibrator systems, type of sample container (vial vs syringe), and source-geometry calibration/correction settings used. Consequently, we observed large combined deviations (percentage deviation > ± 10%) for the investigated theragnostic pairs, in particular for 90Y/111In, 131I/123I, and 90Y/99mTc. Conclusions Our study shows that substantial over- or underestimation of therapeutic patient doses is likely to occur in a theragnostic setting due to errors in the assessment of radioactivity with radionuclide calibrators. These findings underline the importance of thorough validation of radionuclide calibrator systems for each clinically relevant radionuclide and sample geometry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40658-020-00338-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarita Saldarriaga Vargas
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibrations, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo N A Pooters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Steffie M B Peters
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Segbers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Jentzen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastiaan L Meyer Viol
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Covens
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Roel Wierts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Fenwick AJ, Collins SM, Evans WD, Ferreira KM, Paisey SJ, Robinson AP, Marshall C. Absolute standardisation and determination of the half-life and gamma emission intensities of 89Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109294. [PMID: 32977243 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An absolute standardisation of 89Zr was performed alongside determination of gamma emission intensities and half-life. The collected data were evaluated alongside complementary works from previous publications and new recommended nuclear data values are presented including a new evaluated T1/2 = 78.361(25) h and new absolute intensities for gamma transitions resulting from its decay to 89Y. Dial settings for commercially available radionuclide calibrators are also presented and show a relative difference of approximately 3% compared to previously published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Sean M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William D Evans
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Paisey
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Marshall
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Sanghera B, Fenwick A, Lowe G, Sullivan K, Wong WL. Radionuclide calibrator intercomparison study of clinical PET centres in England to a single traceable 68Ge syringe source. Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:965-976. [PMID: 32796486 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize national variation in radionuclide calibrator activity response to a single National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference Ge source used as a surrogate for F at clinical PET centres in England using National Physical Laboratory approved techniques. METHODS Readings from 20 instruments at 13 centres using local F and Ge factor settings were recorded with the source located in vial and syringe positions. Ten repeat measurements were conducted to investigate repeatability using % coefficient of variability (COV). Comparison ratios to investigate accuracy were made between calibrator responses and decay-corrected NISTref reference activity for syringe and vial position measurements. RESULTS The maximum %COV was 0.79%, while 90, 95 and 80% of calibrators conformed to 5% accuracy for F syringe, Ge syringe and Ge vial position readings, respectively. We revealed a trend towards reduced bias in measurements using Veenstra devices for F and using Capintec devices for Ge factor settings. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated good repeatability in local device measurements. In total, 70% of English calibrators tested and 88% of all measurements performed achieved 5% accuracy. While statistically significant bias was exhibited between different vendor equipment dependent upon radioisotope selected, our study recommends regular traceability checks for optimum instrument performance conducted within National Metrology Institutes guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Sanghera
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood
| | | | - Gerry Lowe
- Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood
| | - Keith Sullivan
- Health Research Methods Unit, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Wai-Lup Wong
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood
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8
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Determination of activity meter settings for the PET nuclides 44Sc and 89Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Weber M, Binse I, Nagarajah J, Bockisch A, Herrmann K, Jentzen W. The role of 124I PET/CT lesion dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2019; 63:235-252. [DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.19.03201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Standardization of I-124 by three liquid scintillation-based methods. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108849. [PMID: 31465950 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A solution of 124I was standardized for activity by 4πβ(LS)-γ(NaI) live-timed anticoincidence (LTAC) counting, with confirmatory measurements by triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) and CIEMAT-NIST efficiency tracing (CNET) liquid scintillation counting. The LTAC-based standard was shown to be in agreement (within k = 1 uncertainties) with previous measurements at NIST and elsewhere. Calibration settings for radionuclide calibrators were determined and a discrepancy with literature values, partially due to a calibration methodology dependent upon an erroneous setting for 18F, was identified and explained.
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Impact of prompt gamma coincidence correction on absorbed dose estimation in differentiated thyroid cancer using 124I PET/CT imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:1156-1164. [PMID: 30204643 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iodine-124 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (I PET/CT) is increasingly being used in the absorbed dose estimation in the radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the produced prompt gamma coincidences (PGCs) associated with the I decay result in a bias in the absorbed dose estimation. The impact of a sinogram-based PGC correction approach on the absorbed dose estimation in I PET/CT DTC imaging is investigated. METHODS I phantom and patient measurements were performed on a Siemens Biograph mCT PET/CT system. All images were reconstructed with (PGCon) and without PGC correction (PGCoff). The phantom contained seven spheres (diameters: 6.6-37 mm). The spheres and background compartment were filled with a I solution, resulting in a low (9.4 : 1) and a high sphere-to-background activity concentration ratio (750 : 1). Sphere recovery coefficient (RC) values were determined. In addition, the impact of PGC correction on measured lesion uptake and calculated lesion-absorbed dose was assessed for 66 lesions identified in 24 DTC patients. RESULTS PGC correction systematically increased sphere RC values up to 71% for the smallest spheres. For the patient data, PGC correction significantly increased both the measured I uptake (P<0.005) and the calculated lesion-absorbed dose (P=0.008) by ∼3%. The percentage difference in the calculated lesion-absorbed dose ranged from -19% to 50%, showing that PGC correction had a variable and large impact for a few lesions. CONCLUSION PGC correction resulted in significantly higher sphere RC values, I lesion uptake values and estimated lesion-absorbed doses.
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Foss CA, Plyku D, Ordonez AA, Sanchez-Bautista J, Rosenthal HB, Minn I, Lodge MA, Pomper MG, Sgouros G, Jain SK. Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 124I-DPA-713, a PET Radiotracer for Macrophage-Associated Inflammation. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1751-1756. [PMID: 29700124 PMCID: PMC6225541 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.207431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body PET/CT was performed using 124I-DPA-713, a radioligand for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), to determine biodistribution and radiation dosimetry. Methods: Healthy subjects aged 18-65 y underwent whole-body PET/CT either at 4, 24, and 48 h or at 24, 48, and 72 h after intravenous injection of 124I-DPA-713. Time-activity curves were generated and used to calculate organ time-integrated activity coefficients for each subject. The resulting time-integrated activity coefficients provided input data for calculation of organ absorbed doses and effective dose for each subject using OLINDA. Subjects were genotyped for the TSPO polymorphism rs6971, and plasma protein binding of 124I-DPA-713 was measured. Results: Three male and 3 female adults with a mean age of 40 ± 19 y were imaged. The mean administered activity and mass were 70.5 ± 5.1 MBq (range, 62.4-78.1 MBq) and 469 ± 34 ng (range, 416-520 ng), respectively. There were no adverse or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects in any of the 6 subjects. No changes in vital signs, laboratory values, or electrocardiograms were observed. 124I-DPA-713 cleared rapidly (4 h after injection) from the lungs, with hepatic elimination and localization to the gastrointestinal tract. The mean effective dose over the 6 subjects was 0.459 ± 0.127 mSv/MBq, with the liver being the dose-limiting organ (0.924 ± 0.501 mGy/MBq). The percentage of free radiotracer in blood was approximately 30% at 30 and 60 min after injection. Conclusion:124I-DPA-713 clears rapidly from the lungs, with predominantly hepatic elimination, and is safe and well tolerated in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Donika Plyku
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julian Sanchez-Bautista
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hailey B Rosenthal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin A Lodge
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - George Sgouros
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone. Bone Res 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29707402 PMCID: PMC5916877 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating sterile inflammation from infection, especially in cases of aseptic loosening versus an actual prosthetic joint infection, is challenging and has significant treatment implications. Our goal was to evaluate a novel human monoclonal antibody (mAb) probe directed against the Gram-positive bacterial surface molecule lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Specificity and affinity were assessed in vitro. We then radiolabeled the anti-LTA mAb and evaluated its effectiveness as a diagnostic imaging tool for detecting infection via immunoPET imaging in an in vivo mouse model of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). In vitro and ex vivo binding of the anti-LTA mAb to pathogenic bacteria was measured with Octet, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The in vivo PJI mouse model was assessed using traditional imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]FDG and [18F]NaF as well as X-ray computed tomography (CT), before being evaluated with the zirconium-89-labeled antibody specific for LTA ([89Zr]SAC55). The anti-LTA mAb exhibited specific binding in vitro to LTA-expressing bacteria. Results from imaging showed that our model could reliably simulate infection at the surgical site by bioluminescent imaging, conventional PET tracer imaging, and bone morphological changes by CT. One day following injection of both the radiolabeled anti-LTA and isotype control antibodies, the anti-LTA antibody demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.05) uptake at S. aureus-infected prosthesis sites over either the same antibody at sterile prosthesis sites or of control non-specific antibody at infected prosthesis sites. Taken together, the radiolabeled anti-LTA mAb, [89Zr]SAC55, may serve as a valuable diagnostic molecular imaging probe to help distinguish between sterile inflammation and infection in the setting of PJI. Future studies are needed to determine whether these findings will translate to human PJI. A new imaging technique distinguishes bacterial infection at the site of joint implants from less-serious postoperative inflammation, saving patients from unnecessary and invasive treatments. Daniel Thorek of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and colleagues used an antibody that binds to lipoteichoic acid on the cell wall of Staphylococcus bacteria to detect infection at joint implant sites. The antibody was labeled with a radioactive agent and injected into mice that simulated infection of a knee replacement site. A PET scan conducted 1 day after antibody injection showed that it gathered at the infected joint significantly more than it did at the uninfected implant sites in other mice. This method could improve the diagnosis of joint implant infection, which necessitates removal of the prosthetic and all infected tissues, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy.
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Standardisation and half-life of 89 Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:421-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wierts R, Jentzen W, Quick HH, Wisselink HJ, Pooters INA, Wildberger JE, Herrmann K, Kemerink GJ, Backes WH, Mottaghy FM. Quantitative performance evaluation of 124I PET/MRI lesion dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer. Phys Med Biol 2017; 63:015014. [PMID: 29116052 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the quantitative performance of 124I PET/MRI for pre-therapy lesion dosimetry in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Phantom measurements were performed on a PET/MRI system (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthcare) using 124I and 18F. The PET calibration factor and the influence of radiofrequency coil attenuation were determined using a cylindrical phantom homogeneously filled with radioactivity. The calibration factor was 1.00 ± 0.02 for 18F and 0.88 ± 0.02 for 124I. Near the radiofrequency surface coil an underestimation of less than 5% in radioactivity concentration was observed. Soft-tissue sphere recovery coefficients were determined using the NEMA IEC body phantom. Recovery coefficients were systematically higher for 18F than for 124I. In addition, the six spheres of the phantom were segmented using a PET-based iterative segmentation algorithm. For all 124I measurements, the deviations in segmented lesion volume and mean radioactivity concentration relative to the actual values were smaller than 15% and 25%, respectively. The effect of MR-based attenuation correction (three- and four-segment µ-maps) on bone lesion quantification was assessed using radioactive spheres filled with a K2HPO4 solution mimicking bone lesions. The four-segment µ-map resulted in an underestimation of the imaged radioactivity concentration of up to 15%, whereas the three-segment µ-map resulted in an overestimation of up to 10%. For twenty lesions identified in six patients, a comparison of 124I PET/MRI to PET/CT was performed with respect to segmented lesion volume and radioactivity concentration. The interclass correlation coefficients showed excellent agreement in segmented lesion volume and radioactivity concentration (0.999 and 0.95, respectively). In conclusion, it is feasible that accurate quantitative 124I PET/MRI could be used to perform radioiodine pre-therapy lesion dosimetry in DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wierts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Esquinas PL, Tanguay J, Gonzalez M, Vuckovic M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Häfeli UO, Celler A. Accuracy, reproducibility, and uncertainty analysis of thyroid-probe-based activity measurements for determination of dose calibrator settings. Med Phys 2017; 43:6309. [PMID: 27908190 DOI: 10.1118/1.4966027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the nuclear medicine department, the activity of radiopharmaceuticals is measured using dose calibrators (DCs) prior to patient injection. The DC consists of an ionization chamber that measures current generated by ionizing radiation (emitted from the radiotracer). In order to obtain an activity reading, the current is converted into units of activity by applying an appropriate calibration factor (also referred to as DC dial setting). Accurate determination of DC dial settings is crucial to ensure that patients receive the appropriate dose in diagnostic scans or radionuclide therapies. The goals of this study were (1) to describe a practical method to experimentally determine dose calibrator settings using a thyroid-probe (TP) and (2) to investigate the accuracy, reproducibility, and uncertainties of the method. As an illustration, the TP method was applied to determine 188Re dial settings for two dose calibrator models: Atomlab 100plus and Capintec CRC-55tR. METHODS Using the TP to determine dose calibrator settings involved three measurements. First, the energy-dependent efficiency of the TP was determined from energy spectra measurements of two calibration sources (152Eu and 22Na). Second, the gamma emissions from the investigated isotope (188Re) were measured using the TP and its activity was determined using γ-ray spectroscopy methods. Ambient background, scatter, and source-geometry corrections were applied during the efficiency and activity determination steps. Third, the TP-based 188Re activity was used to determine the dose calibrator settings following the calibration curve method [B. E. Zimmerman et al., J. Nucl. Med. 40, 1508-1516 (1999)]. The interobserver reproducibility of TP measurements was determined by the coefficient of variation (COV) and uncertainties associated to each step of the measuring process were estimated. The accuracy of activity measurements using the proposed method was evaluated by comparing the TP activity estimates of 99mTc, 188Re, 131I, and 57Co samples to high purity Ge (HPGe) γ-ray spectroscopy measurements. RESULTS The experimental 188Re dial settings determined with the TP were 76.5 ± 4.8 and 646 ± 43 for Atomlab 100plus and Capintec CRC-55tR, respectively. In the case of Atomlab 100plus, the TP-based dial settings improved the accuracy of 188Re activity measurements (confirmed by HPGe measurements) as compared to manufacturer-recommended settings. For Capintec CRC-55tR, the TP-based settings were in agreement with previous results [B. E. Zimmerman et al., J. Nucl. Med. 40, 1508-1516 (1999)] which demonstrated that manufacturer-recommended settings overestimate 188Re activity by more than 20%. The largest source of uncertainty in the experimentally determined dial settings was due to the application of a geometry correction factor, followed by the uncertainty of the scatter-corrected photopeak counts and the uncertainty of the TP efficiency calibration experiment. When using the most intense photopeak of the sample's emissions, the TP method yielded accurate (within 5% errors) and reproducible (COV = 2%) measurements of sample's activity. The relative uncertainties associated with such measurements ranged from 6% to 8% (expanded uncertainty at 95% confidence interval, k = 2). CONCLUSIONS Accurate determination/verification of dose calibrator dial settings can be performed using a thyroid-probe in the nuclear medicine department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Esquinas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jesse Tanguay
- Department of Physics, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Marjorie Gonzalez
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4C2, Canada
| | - Milan Vuckovic
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Anna Celler
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Wooten AL, Lewis BC, Szatkowski DJ, Sultan DH, Abdin KI, Voller TF, Liu Y, Lapi SE. Calibration setting numbers for dose calibrators for the PET isotopes (52)Mn, (64)Cu, (76)Br, (86)Y, (89)Zr, (124)I. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 113:89-95. [PMID: 27152914 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For PET radionuclides, the radioactivity of a sample can be conveniently measured by a dose calibrator. These devices depend on a "calibration setting number", but many recommended settings from manuals were interpolated based on standard sources of other radionuclide(s). We conducted HPGe gamma-ray spectroscopy, resulting in a reference for determining settings in two types of vessels containing one of several PET radionuclides. Our results reiterate the notion that in-house, experimental calibrations are recommended for different radionuclides and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lake Wooten
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Benjamin C Lewis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Physics, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States
| | - Daniel J Szatkowski
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kinda I Abdin
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Thomas F Voller
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 310F, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Kist JW, van der Vlies M, Hoekstra OS, Greuter HNJM, de Keizer B, Stokkel MPM, V Vogel W, Huisman MC, van Lingen A. Calibration of PET/CT scanners for multicenter studies on differentiated thyroid cancer with (124)I. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:39. [PMID: 27118538 PMCID: PMC4848279 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on imaging of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) using (124)I often require a multicenter approach, as the prevalence of DTC is low. Calibration of participating scanners is required to obtain comparable quantification. As determination of a well-defined range of recovery coefficients is complicated for various reasons, a simpler approach based on the assumption that the iodine uptake is highly focal with a background that significantly lacks radioactivity might be more efficient. For each scanner, a linear conversion between known and observed activity can be derived, allowing quantification that can be traced to a common source for all scanners within one study-protocol. The aim of this paper is to outline a procedure using this approach in order to set up a multicenter calibration of PET/CT scanners for (124)I. METHODS A cylindrical polyethylene phantom contained six 2-ml vials with reference activities of ~2, 10, 20, 100, 400, and 2000 kBq, produced by dilution from a known activity. The phantom was scanned twice on PET/CT scanners of participating centers within 1 week. For each scanner, the best proportional and linear fit between measured and known activities were derived and based on statistical analyses of the results of all scanners; it was determined which fit should be applied. In addition, a Bland-Altman analysis was done on calibrated activities with respect to reference activities to asses the relative precision of the scanners. RESULTS Nine Philips (vendor A) and nine Siemens (vendor B) PET/CT scanners were calibrated in a time period of 3 days before and after the reference time. No significant differences were detected between the two subsequent scans on any scanner. Six fitted intercepts of vendor A were significantly different from zero, so the linear model was used. Intercepts ranged from -8 to 26 kBq and slopes ranged from 0.80 to 0.98. Bland-Altman analysis of calibrated and reference activities showed that the relative error of calibrated activities was smaller than that of uncalibrated activities. CONCLUSIONS A simplified multicenter calibration procedure for PET/CT scans that show highly focal uptake and negligible background is feasible and results in more precise quantification. Our procedure can be used in multicenter (124)I PET scans focusing on (recurrent) DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob W Kist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred van der Vlies
- Department of Diagnostics, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Bleulandweg 10, 2803 HH, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henri N J M Greuter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P M Stokkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter V Vogel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur van Lingen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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