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Grandy S, Scur M, Dolan K, Nickerson R, Cheng Z. Using model systems to unravel host-Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1765-1784. [PMID: 37290773 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using model systems in infection biology has led to the discoveries of many pathogen-encoded virulence factors and critical host immune factors to fight pathogenic infections. Studies of the remarkable Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium that infects and causes disease in hosts as divergent as humans and plants afford unique opportunities to shed new light on virulence strategies and host defence mechanisms. One of the rationales for using model systems as a discovery tool to characterise bacterial factors driving human infection outcomes is that many P. aeruginosa virulence factors are required for pathogenesis in diverse different hosts. On the other side, many host signalling components, such as the evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinases, are involved in immune signalling in a diverse range of hosts. Some model organisms that have less complex immune systems also allow dissection of the direct impacts of innate immunity on host defence without the interference of adaptive immunity. In this review, we start with discussing the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in the environment and the ability of this bacterium to cause disease in various hosts as a natural opportunistic pathogen. We then summarise the use of some model systems to study host defence and P. aeruginosa virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Grandy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathleen Dolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Mutations of γCOP Gene Disturb Drosophila melanogaster Innate Immune Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126499. [PMID: 35742941 PMCID: PMC9223523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is a valuable experimental platform for modeling host–pathogen interactions. It is also commonly used to define innate immunity pathways and to understand the mechanisms of both host tolerance to commensal microbiota and response to pathogenic agents. Herein, we investigate how the host response to bacterial infection is mirrored in the expression of genes of Imd and Toll pathways when D. melanogaster strains with different γCOP genetic backgrounds are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Using microarray technology, we have interrogated the whole-body transcriptome of infected versus uninfected fruit fly males with three specific genotypes, namely wild-type Oregon, γCOPS057302/TM6B and γCOP14a/γCOP14a. While the expression of genes pertaining to Imd and Toll is not significantly modulated by P. aeruginosa infection in Oregon males, many of the components of these cascades are up- or downregulated in both infected and uninfected γCOPS057302/TM6B and γCOP14a/γCOP14a males. Thus, our results suggest that a γCOP genetic background modulates the gene expression profiles of Imd and Toll cascades involved in the innate immune response of D. melanogaster, inducing the occurrence of immunological dysfunctions in γCOP mutants.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new type of cytokine, is involved in processes such as tissue repair, inflammatory response, and immune response. However, its function in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected circulating IL-38 and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in adults affected by early stage pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. Collected clinical data of these patients, such as the APACHE II score, levels of PCT, and oxygenation index when they entering the ICU. Using P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia WT murine model to evaluate the effect of IL-38 on Treg differentiation, cell apoptosis, survival, tissue damage, inflammation, and bacterial removal. RESULTS In clinical research, although IL-38 is significantly increased during the early stages of clinical P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the concentration of IL-38 in the serum of patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia was relatively lower than that of surviving patients. It reveals IL-38 may insufficiently secreted in patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Besides, the serum IL-38 level of patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia on the day of admission to the ICU showed significantly positive correlations with IL-10 and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio but negative correlations with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, APACHE II score, and PCT In summary, IL-38 might be a molecule for adjuvant therapy in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In experimental animal models, first recombinant IL-38 improved survival, whereas anti-IL-38 antibody reduced survival in the experimental pneumonia murine model. Secondly, IL-38 exposure reduced the inflammatory response, as suggested by the lung injury, and reduced cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL- 17A, TNF-α, and IL-8, but not IL-10). It also increased bacterial clearance and reduced cell apoptosis in the lungs. Furthermore, IL-38 was shown to reduce TBK1 expression in vitro when naive CD4+ T lymphocytes were differentiated to Tregs and played a protective role in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the above findings provide additional insights into the mechanism of IL-38 in the treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Lou TL, Ji T, Peng X, Ji WW, Yuan LX, Wang J, Li SM, Zhang S, Shi QY. Extract From Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Leaf Alleviates Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:587850. [PMID: 34349638 PMCID: PMC8326761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.587850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) has attracted much attention due to its ability on pneumonia, bronchitis, and immune-related diseases, while its functional components and underlying mechanism of action on pneumonia have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we used a systematic network pharmacology approach to explore the action mechanism of T. hemsleyanum leaf in the treatment of pneumonia. In this study, the results of network pharmacology demonstrated that there were 34 active components and 80 drug-disease targets in T. hemsleyanum leaf, which were strongly in connection with signal transduction, inflammatory response, and the oxidation-reduction process. Subsequently, a mouse model of pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was established to validate the predicted results of network pharmacology. In the animal experiments, aqueous extract of T. hemsleyanum leaf (EFT) significantly attenuated the histopathological changes of lung tissue in P. aeruginosa-induced mice and reduced the number of bacterial colonies in BALFs by 96.84% (p < 0.01). Moreover, EFT treatment suppressed the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung tissues triggered by P. aeruginosa, which led to the increase of Th17 cells (p < 0.05). High concentration of EFT treatment (2.0 g/kg) obviously increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, accompanied by the enhancement of Treg proportion in a dose-dependent manner and a notable reversal of transcription factor RORγt expression. These findings demonstrated that network pharmacology was a useful tool for TCM research, and the anti-inflammatory effect of EFT was achieved by maintaining Th17/Treg immune homeostasis and thereby suppressing the inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Food and Health Branch, Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shi-Min Li
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Shi
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Tamiya S, Yoshikawa E, Suzuki K, Yoshioka Y. Susceptibility Analysis in Several Mouse Strains Reveals Robust T-Cell Responses After Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in DBA/2 Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:602453. [PMID: 33520736 PMCID: PMC7839406 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.602453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen responsible for human community-acquired pneumonia. The number of antibiotic-resistant Mp strains is increasing; therefore, to develop novel therapeutics, it is crucial to precisely understand the pathogenesis of mycoplasma pneumonia. Herein, we examined the susceptibility and response to Mp among eight inbred mouse strains. Following infection, the bacterial load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from DBA/2 mice was higher than that in the other tested strains such as BALB/c mice, which are frequently used in Mp research. In contrast, the numbers of CD45+ immune cells and neutrophils in BALF were comparable between BALB/c and DBA/2 mice, with lower numbers observed in C57BL/6J and CBA/N mice than in BALB/c mice. Among the tested strains, the BALF level of interleukin 12 subunit p40 was highest in DBA/2 mice; however, significant differences in other cytokines levels were not observed between BALB/c and DBA/2 mice. After Mp infection, Mp-specific Th1 and Th17 responses were significantly enhanced in DBA/2 mice when compared with BALB/c mice. Furthermore, prior infection with Mp increased the number of neutrophils in BALF after the reinfection of DBA/2 mice through an Mp-specific CD4+ T cell-dependent mechanism. Thus, DBA/2 may be an appropriate strain for evaluating Mp infection. Moreover, a comparison of responses revealed by various inbred mouse strains could be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Laboratory of Nano-design for innovative drug development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eisuke Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Nano-design for innovative drug development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for innovative drug development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Bouillot S, Pont S, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Deruelle V, Attrée I, Huber P. Inflammasome activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa's ExlA pore-forming toxin is detrimental for the host. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13251. [PMID: 32779854 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the inflammatory response is essential for bacterial clearance. Neutrophil recruitment can be initiated following the assembly of an inflammasome within sentinel macrophages, leading to activation of caspase-1, which in turn triggers macrophage pyroptosis and IL-1β/IL-18 maturation. Inflammasome formation can be induced by a number of bacterial determinants, including Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) or pore-forming toxins, or, alternatively, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via caspase-11 activation. Surprisingly, previous studies indicated that a T3SS-induced inflammasome increased pathogenicity in mouse models of P. aeruginosa infection. Here, we investigated the immune reaction of mice infected with a T3SS-negative P. aeruginosa strain (IHMA879472). Virulence of this strain relies on ExlA, a secreted pore-forming toxin. IHMA879472 promoted massive neutrophil infiltration in infected lungs, owing to efficient priming of toll-like receptors, and thus enhanced the expression of inflammatory proteins including pro-IL-1β and TNF-α. However, mature-IL-1β and IL-18 were undetectable in wild-type mice, suggesting that ExlA failed to effectively activate caspase-1. Nevertheless, caspase-1/11 deficiency improved survival following infection with IHMA879472, as previously described for T3SS+ bacteria. We conclude that the detrimental effect associated with the ExlA-induced inflammasome is probably not due to hyperinflammation, rather it stems from another inflammasome-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bouillot
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Pont
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Paradoxical Pro-inflammatory Responses by Human Macrophages to an Amoebae Host-Adapted Legionella Effector. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:571-584.e7. [PMID: 32220647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila has co-evolved with amoebae, their natural hosts. Upon transmission to humans, the bacteria proliferate within alveolar macrophages causing pneumonia. Here, we show L. pneumophila injects the effector LamA, an amylase, into the cytosol of human macrophage (hMDMs) and amoebae to rapidly degrade glycogen to generate cytosolic hyper-glucose. In response, hMDMs shift their metabolism to aerobic glycolysis, which directly triggers an M1-like pro-inflammatory differentiation and nutritional innate immunity through enhanced tryptophan degradation. This leads to a modest restriction of bacterial proliferation in hMDMs. In contrast, LamA-mediated glycogenolysis in amoebae deprives the natural host from the main building blocks for synthesis of the cellulose-rich cyst wall, leading to subversion of amoeba encystation. This is non-permissive for bacterial proliferation. Therefore, LamA of L. pneumophila is an amoebae host-adapted effector that subverts encystation of the amoebae natural host, and the paradoxical hMDMs' pro-inflammatory response is likely an evolutionary accident.
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Collaborative Cross Mice Yield Genetic Modifiers for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Human Lung Disease. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.00097-20. [PMID: 32127447 PMCID: PMC7064750 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00097-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infection caused by P. aeruginosa is one of the most critical health burdens worldwide. People affected by P. aeruginosa infection include patients with a weakened immune system, such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF) genetic disease or non-CF bronchiectasis. Disease outcomes range from fatal pneumonia to chronic life-threatening infection and inflammation leading to the progressive deterioration of pulmonary function. The development of these respiratory infections is mediated by multiple causes. However, the genetic factors underlying infection susceptibility are poorly known and difficult to predict. Our study employed novel approaches and improved mouse disease models to identify genetic modifiers that affect the severity of P. aeruginosa lung infection. We identified candidate genes to enhance our understanding of P. aeruginosa infection in humans and provide a proof of concept that could be exploited for other human pathologies mediated by bacterial infection. Human genetics influence a range of pathological and clinical phenotypes in respiratory infections; however, the contributions of disease modifiers remain underappreciated. We exploited the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic-reference population to map genetic modifiers that affect the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Screening for P. aeruginosa respiratory infection in a cohort of 39 CC lines exhibits distinct disease phenotypes ranging from complete resistance to lethal disease. Based on major changes in the survival times, a quantitative-trait locus (QTL) was mapped on murine chromosome 3 to the genomic interval of Mb 110.4 to 120.5. Within this locus, composed of 31 protein-coding genes, two candidate genes, namely, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (Dpyd) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1), were identified according to the level of genome-wide significance and disease gene prioritization. Functional validation of the S1pr1 gene by pharmacological targeting in C57BL/6NCrl mice confirmed its relevance in P. aeruginosa pathophysiology. However, in a cohort of Canadian patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease, regional genetic-association analysis of the syntenic human locus on chromosome 1 (Mb 97.0 to 105.0) identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10875080 and rs11582736) annotated to the Dpyd gene that were significantly associated with age at first P. aeruginosa infection. Thus, there is evidence that both genes might be implicated in this disease. Our results demonstrate that the discovery of murine modifier loci may generate information that is relevant to human disease progression.
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Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Krishnan Y, Maienschein-Cline M, Hu H, Jung S, Madduri R, Arbieva Z, Harijith A, Natarajan V. Genetic deletion of Sphk2 confers protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated differential expression of genes related to virulent infection and inflammation in mouse lung. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:984. [PMID: 31842752 PMCID: PMC6916461 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes serious life threatening and nosocomial infections including pneumonia. PA has the ability to alter host genome to facilitate its invasion, thus increasing the virulence of the organism. Sphingosine-1- phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, is known to play a key role in facilitating infection. Sphingosine kinases (SPHK) 1&2 phosphorylate sphingosine to generate S1P in mammalian cells. We reported earlier that Sphk2-/- mice offered significant protection against lung inflammation, compared to wild type (WT) animals. Therefore, we profiled the differential expression of genes between the protected group of Sphk2-/- and the wild type controls to better understand the underlying protective mechanisms related to the Sphk2 deletion in lung inflammatory injury. Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on mouse lung tissue using NextSeq 500 sequencing system. RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis was performed and differentially expressed genes following PA infection were identified using whole transcriptome of Sphk2-/- mice and their WT counterparts. Pathway (PW) enrichment analyses of the RNA seq data identified several signaling pathways that are likely to play a crucial role in pneumonia caused by PA such as those involved in: 1. Immune response to PA infection and NF-κB signal transduction; 2. PKC signal transduction; 3. Impact on epigenetic regulation; 4. Epithelial sodium channel pathway; 5. Mucin expression; and 6. Bacterial infection related pathways. Our genomic data suggests a potential role for SPHK2 in PA-induced pneumonia through elevated expression of inflammatory genes in lung tissue. Further, validation by RT-PCR on 10 differentially expressed genes showed 100% concordance in terms of vectoral changes as well as significant fold change. CONCLUSION Using Sphk2-/- mice and differential gene expression analysis, we have shown here that S1P/SPHK2 signaling could play a key role in promoting PA pneumonia. The identified genes promote inflammation and suppress others that naturally inhibit inflammation and host defense. Thus, targeting SPHK2/S1P signaling in PA-induced lung inflammation could serve as a potential therapy to combat PA-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - Hong Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Segun Jung
- Globus, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ravi Madduri
- Globus, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zarema Arbieva
- Department of Core Genomics Facility, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Room 3139, COMRB Building, 909, South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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Abu‐Toamih Atamni HJ, Iraqi FA. Efficient protocols and methods for high-throughput utilization of the Collaborative Cross mouse model for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:137-149. [PMID: 31773089 PMCID: PMC6762040 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model is a next-generation mouse genetic reference population (GRP) designated for a high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of complex traits during health and disease. The CC lines were generated from reciprocal crosses of eight divergent mouse founder strains composed of five classical and three wild-derived strains. Complex traits are defined to be controlled by variations within multiple genes and the gene/environment interactions. In this article, we introduce and present variety of protocols and results of studying the host response to infectious and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases, body composition, immune response, colorectal cancer, susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sepsis, and mixed infections of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were conducted at our laboratory using the CC mouse population. These traits are observed at multiple levels of the body systems, including metabolism, body weight, immune profile, susceptibility or resistance to the development and progress of infectious or chronic diseases. Herein, we present full protocols and step-by-step methods, implemented in our laboratory for the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the different CC lines, mapping the gene underlying the host response to these infections and chronic diseases. The CC mouse model is a unique and powerful GRP for dissecting the host genetic architectures underlying complex traits, including chronic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa J. Abu‐Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivRamat AvivIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivRamat AvivIsrael
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11
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Bianconi I, Alcalá-Franco B, Scarselli M, Dalsass M, Buccato S, Colaprico A, Marchi S, Masignani V, Bragonzi A. Genome-Based Approach Delivers Vaccine Candidates Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3021. [PMID: 30687303 PMCID: PMC6334337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence, severity and increasing antibiotic resistance characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. Vaccination strategies to prevent or limit P. aeruginosa infections represent a rational approach to positively impact the clinical outcome of risk patients; nevertheless this bacterium remains a challenging vaccine target. To identify novel vaccine candidates, we started from the genome sequence analysis of the P. aeruginosa reference strain PAO1 exploring the reverse vaccinology approach integrated with additional bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic approaches resulted in the selection of 52 potential antigens. These vaccine candidates were conserved in P. aeruginosa genomes from different origin and among strains isolated longitudinally from cystic fibrosis patients. To assess the immune-protection of single or antigens combination against P. aeruginosa infection, a vaccination protocol was established in murine model of acute respiratory infection. Combinations of selected candidates, rather than single antigens, effectively controlled P. aeruginosa infection in the in vivo model of murine pneumonia. Five combinations were capable of significantly increase survival rate among challenged mice and all included PA5340, a hypothetical protein exclusively present in P. aeruginosa. PA5340 combined with PA3526-MotY gave the maximum protection. Both proteins were surface exposed by immunofluorescence and triggered a specific immune response. Combination of these two protein antigens could represent a potential vaccine to prevent P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bianconi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Franco
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Dalsass
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Abu Toamih Atamni H, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. The Collaborative Cross mouse model for dissecting genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:471-487. [PMID: 30143822 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, also known as communicable diseases, refer to a full range of maladies caused by pathogen invasion to the host body. Host response towards an infectious pathogen varies between individuals, and can be defined by responses from asymptomatic to lethal. Host response to infectious pathogens is considered as a complex trait controlled by gene-gene (host-pathogen) and gene-environment interactions, leading to the extensive phenotypic variations between individuals. With the advancement of the human genome mapping approaches and tools, various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed, aimed at mapping the genetic basis underlying host susceptibility towards infectious pathogens. In parallel, immense efforts were invested in enhancing the genetic mapping resolution and gene-cloning efficacy, using advanced mouse models including advanced intercross lines; outbred populations; consomic, congenic; and recombinant inbred lines. Notwithstanding the evident advances achieved using these mouse models, the genetic diversity was low and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping resolution was inadequate. Consequently, the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model was established by full-reciprocal mating of eight divergent founder strains of mice (A/J, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/LtJ, NZO/HiLtJ, CAST/Ei, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) generating a next-generation mouse genetic reference population (CC lines). Presently, the CC mouse model population comprises a set of about 200 recombinant inbred CC lines exhibiting a unique high genetic diversity and which are accessible for multidisciplinary studies. The CC mouse model efficacy was validated by various studies in our lab and others, accomplishing high-resolution (< 1 MB) QTL genomic mapping for a variety of complex traits, using about 50 CC lines (3-4 mice per line). Herein, we present a number of studies demonstrating the power of the CC mouse model, which has been utilized in our lab for mapping the genetic basis of host susceptibility to various infectious pathogens. These include Aspergillus fumigatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (causing oral mixed infection), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the bacterial toxins Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa Abu Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental school, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Poria Medical Centre, The Azrieli School of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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13
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The impact of host genetic background in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:550-557. [PMID: 29947963 PMCID: PMC7087806 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the significance of human genetic diversity in modulating host susceptibility to opportunistic infections is an emerging challenge in the field of respiratory illnesses. While it is recognized that diverse bacterial strains account for differential disease manifestations, emerging data indicate that host genetic diversity is an important determinant factor that influences the severity of opportunistic infections. With particular regard to respiratory illnesses mediated by the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, diverse genetic background is also emerging as a key contributor. Human-genome-wide association studies are a common approach for determining the inter-individual genetic variation associated with variability of the pulmonary infections. Historically, diverse murine inbred mouse strains and ex-vivo cellular models were considered complementary to human studies for establishing the contribution of genetic background to P. aeruginosa respiratory infections. More recently, the development of a new mouse model of infection, mirroring human airway diseases, combined with innovative murine resource populations, modelling human genetic variation, provides additional insights into the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility. In this review, we cover the recent state of the art of human and animal studies and we discuss future potential challenges in the field of P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.
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14
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Bonniaud P, Fabre A, Frossard N, Guignabert C, Inman M, Kuebler WM, Maes T, Shi W, Stampfli M, Uhlig S, White E, Witzenrath M, Bellaye PS, Crestani B, Eickelberg O, Fehrenbach H, Guenther A, Jenkins G, Joos G, Magnan A, Maitre B, Maus UA, Reinhold P, Vernooy JHJ, Richeldi L, Kolb M. Optimising experimental research in respiratory diseases: an ERS statement. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02133-2017. [PMID: 29773606 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02133-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models are critical for the understanding of lung health and disease and are indispensable for drug development. However, the pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the models is often unclear. Further, the use of animals in biomedical research is controversial from an ethical perspective.The objective of this task force was to issue a statement with research recommendations about lung disease models by facilitating in-depth discussions between respiratory scientists, and to provide an overview of the literature on the available models. Focus was put on their specific benefits and limitations. This will result in more efficient use of resources and greater reduction in the numbers of animals employed, thereby enhancing the ethical standards and translational capacity of experimental research.The task force statement addresses general issues of experimental research (ethics, species, sex, age, ex vivo and in vitro models, gene editing). The statement also includes research recommendations on modelling asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, lung infections, acute lung injury and pulmonary hypertension.The task force stressed the importance of using multiple models to strengthen validity of results, the need to increase the availability of human tissues and the importance of standard operating procedures and data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bonniaud
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM U866, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- Dept of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France.,Labex MEDALIS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mark Inman
- Dept of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health at St Joseph's Health Care MDCL 4011, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Maes
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Dept of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Stampfli
- Dept of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health at St Joseph's Health Care MDCL 4011, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Dept of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine And Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Département de Médecine nucléaire, Plateforme d'imagerie préclinique, Centre George-François Leclerc (CGFL), Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1152, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Health Technologies
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universitary Hospital Giessen, Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, City Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guy Joos
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Maitre
- Hôpital H Mondor, AP-HP, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pneumologie et de Pathologie Professionnelle, DHU A-TVB, Université Paris Est - Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Hannover School of Medicine, Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at the 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Juanita H J Vernooy
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Richeldi
- UOC Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Kolb
- Dept of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health at St Joseph's Health Care MDCL 4011, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Tam VH, Pérez C, Ledesma KR, Lewis RE. Transcriptional profiles of pulmonary innate immune responses to isogenic antibiotic-susceptible and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:291-294. [PMID: 29418013 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of an isogenic pair of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was studied under similar experimental conditions in two animal infection models. The time to death was significantly longer for the multidrug resistant (MDR) than the wild-type strain. The transcriptional profiles of 84 innate immune response genes in the lungs of immune competent Balb/C mice were further compared. Significantly weaker expression of genes involved in production of soluble pattern recognition receptor and complement were observed in animals infected with the MDR strain. Altered patterns of innate immune system activation may explain the attenuated virulence in MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent H Tam
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Cynthia Pérez
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Kimberly R Ledesma
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Russell E Lewis
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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16
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Lorè NI, Veraldi N, Riva C, Sipione B, Spagnuolo L, De Fino I, Melessike M, Calzi E, Bragonzi A, Naggi A, Cigana C. Synthesized Heparan Sulfate Competitors Attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010207. [PMID: 29315274 PMCID: PMC5796156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several chronic respiratory diseases are characterized by recurrent and/or persistent infections, chronic inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling, including increased levels of glycosaminoglycans which are known structural components of the airways. Among glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulfate (HS) has been suggested to contribute to excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we aim at (i) investigating whether long-term infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most worrisome threat in chronic respiratory diseases, may impact HS levels, and (ii) exploring HS competitors as potential anti-inflammatory drugs during P. aeruginosa pneumonia. P. aeruginosa clinical strains and ad-hoc synthesized HS competitors were used in vitro and in murine models of lung infection. During long-term chronic P. aeruginosa colonization, infected mice showed higher heparin/HS levels, evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after selective enzymatic digestion, compared to uninfected mice. Among HS competitors, an N-acetyl heparin and a glycol-split heparin dampened leukocyte recruitment and cytokine/chemokine production induced by acute and chronic P. aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. Furthermore, treatment with HS competitors reduced bacterial burden during chronic murine lung infection. In vitro, P. aeruginosa biofilm formation decreased upon treatment with HS competitors. Overall, these findings support further evaluation of HS competitors as a novel therapy to counteract inflammation and infection during P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Noemi Veraldi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Camilla Riva
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Barbara Sipione
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Spagnuolo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Ida De Fino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Medede Melessike
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Elisa Calzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano 20132, Italy.
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17
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Bergamini G, Stellari F, Sandri A, M Lleo M, Donofrio G, Ruscitti F, Boschi F, Sbarbati A, Villetti G, Melotti P, Sorio C. An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28715404 DOI: 10.3791/55499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the pro-inflammatory capabilities of various factors is challenging and requires terminal procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage and the removal of lungs for in situ analysis, precluding longitudinal visualization in the same mouse. Here, lung inflammation is induced through the intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant (SN) in transiently transgenized mice expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of a heterologous IL-8 bovine promoter. Luciferase expression in the lung is monitored by in vivo bioluminescent image (BLI) analysis over a 2.5- to 48-h timeframe following the instillation. The procedure can be repeated multiple times within 2 - 3 months, thus permitting the evaluation of the inflammatory response in the same mice without the need to terminate the animals. This approach permits the monitoring of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors acting in the lung in real time and appears suitable for functional and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bergamini
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "D. Lissandrini", University of Verona
| | | | - Angela Sandri
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Division, University of Verona
| | - Maria M Lleo
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Division, University of Verona
| | | | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Department of Biomedical Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma; Corporate Preclinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A
| | | | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Preclinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A
| | | | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, General Pathology Division, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Laboratory "D. Lissandrini", University of Verona;
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18
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exolysin promotes bacterial growth in lungs, alveolar damage and bacterial dissemination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2120. [PMID: 28522850 PMCID: PMC5437091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exolysin (ExlA) is a recently-identified pore-forming toxin secreted by a subset of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains identified worldwide and devoid of Type III secretion system (T3SS), a major virulence factor. Here, we characterized at the ultrastructural level the lesions caused by an ExlA-secreting strain, CLJ1, in mouse infected lungs. CLJ1 induced necrotic lesions in pneumocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in alveolo-vascular barrier breakdown. Ectopic expression of ExlA in an exlA-negative strain induced similar tissue injuries. In addition, ExlA conferred on bacteria the capacity to proliferate in lungs and to disseminate in secondary organs, similar to bacteria possessing a functional T3SS. CLJ1 did not promote a strong neutrophil infiltration in the alveoli, owing to the weak pro-inflammatory cytokine reaction engendered by the strain. However, CLJ1 was rapidly eliminated from the blood in a bacteremia model, suggesting that it can be promptly phagocytosed by immune cells. Together, our study ascribes to ExlA-secreting bacteria the capacity to proliferate in the lung and to damage pulmonary tissues, thereby promoting metastatic infections, in absence of substantial immune response exacerbation.
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19
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Hoover JL, Lewandowski TF, Mininger CL, Singley CM, Sucoloski S, Rittenhouse S. A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28117818 PMCID: PMC5408714 DOI: 10.3791/55068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of candidate antibacterial treatments must be demonstrated in animal models of infection as part of the discovery and development process, preferably in models which mimic the intended clinical indication. A method for inducing robust lung infections in immunocompetent rats and mice is described which allows for the assessment of treatments in a model of serious pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae or A. baumannii. Animals are anesthetized, and an agar-based inoculum is deposited deep into the lung via nonsurgical intratracheal intubation. The resulting infection is consistent, reproducible, and stable for at least 48 h and up to 96 h for most isolates. Studies with marketed antibacterials have demonstrated good correlation between in vivo efficacy and in vitro susceptibility, and concordance between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets determined in this model and clinically accepted targets has been observed. Although there is an initial time investment when learning the technique, it can be performed quickly and efficiently once proficiency is achieved. Benefits of the model include elimination of the neutropenic requirement, increased robustness and reproducibility, ability to study more pathogens and isolates, improved flexibility in study design and establishment of a challenging infection in an immunocompetent host.
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20
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Abstract
Infection is one of the leading causes of human mortality and morbidity. Exposure to microbial agents is obviously required. However, also non-microbial environmental and host factors play a key role in the onset, development and outcome of infectious disease, resulting in large of clinical variability between individuals in a population infected with the same microbe. Controlled and standardized investigations of the genetics of susceptibility to infectious disease are almost impossible to perform in humans whereas mouse models allow application of powerful genomic techniques to identify and validate causative genes underlying human diseases with complex etiologies. Most of current animal models used in complex traits diseases genetic mapping have limited genetic diversity. This limitation impedes the ability to create incorporated network using genetic interactions, epigenetics, environmental factors, microbiota, and other phenotypes. A novel mouse genetic reference population for high-resolution mapping and subsequently identifying genes underlying the QTL, namely the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population (GRP) was recently developed. In this chapter, we discuss a variety of approaches using CC mice for mapping genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) to dissect the host response to polygenic traits, including infectious disease caused by bacterial agents and its toxins.
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21
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The host genetic background defines diverse immune-reactivity and susceptibility to chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36924. [PMID: 27848994 PMCID: PMC5111113 DOI: 10.1038/srep36924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with P. aeruginosa airways infection show markedly variable clinical phenotypes likely influenced by genetic backgrounds. Here, we investigated the cellular events involved in resistance and susceptibility to P. aeruginosa chronic infection using genetically distinct inbred mouse strains. As for patients, different murine genotypes revealed variable susceptibility to infection. When directly compared, resistant C3H/HeOuJ and susceptible A/J strains revealed distinct immune responsiveness to the pathogen. In C3H/HeOuJ resistant mice, IL17-producing cells rapidly and transiently infiltrated the infected lung, and this was paralleled by the acute accumulation of alveolar macrophages, bacterial clearance and resolution of infection. In contrast, A/J susceptible mice revealed a more delayed and prolonged lung infiltration by IL17+ and IFNγ+ cells, persistence of innate inflammatory cells and establishment of chronic infection. We conclude that the host genetic background confers diverse immunoreactivity to P. aeruginosa and IL17-producing cells might contribute to the progress of chronic lung infection.
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22
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Lorenz A, Pawar V, Häussler S, Weiss S. Insights into host-pathogen interactions from state-of-the-art animal models of respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3941-3959. [PMID: 27730639 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute respiratory infections in immunocompetent patients or chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals and in patients with cystic fibrosis. When acquiring the chronic infection state, bacteria are encapsulated within biofilm structures enabling them to withstand diverse environmental assaults, including immune reactions and antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions within the bacteria, as well as with the host or other bacteria, is essential for developing innovative treatment strategies. Such knowledge might be accumulated in vitro. However, it is ultimately necessary to confirm these findings in vivo. In the present Review, we describe state-of-the-art in vivo models that allow studying P. aeruginosa infections in molecular detail. The portrayed mammalian models exclusively focus on respiratory infections. The data obtained by alternative animal models which lack lung tissue, often provide molecular insights that are easily transferable to mammals. Importantly, these surrogate in vivo systems reveal complex molecular interactions of P. aeruginosa with the host. Herein, we also provide a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorenz
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, Center of Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE GmbH, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, Center of Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE GmbH, A Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Germany.,Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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23
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Stellari F, Bergamini G, Ruscitti F, Sandri A, Ravanetti F, Donofrio G, Boschi F, Villetti G, Sorio C, Assael BM, Melotti P, Lleo MM. In vivo monitoring of lung inflammation in CFTR-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:226. [PMID: 27468800 PMCID: PMC4964274 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimentally, lung inflammation in laboratory animals is usually detected by the presence of inflammatory markers, such as immune cells and cytokines, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of sacrificed animals. This method, although extensively used, is time, money and animal life consuming, especially when applied to genetically modified animals. Thus a new and more convenient approach, based on in vivo imaging analysis, has been set up to evaluate the inflammatory response in the lung of CFTR-deficient (CF) mice, a murine model of cystic fibrosis. Methods Wild type (WT) and CF mice were stimulated with P. aeruginosa LPS, TNF-alpha and culture supernatant derived from P. aeruginosa (strain VR1). Lung inflammation was detected by measuring bioluminescence in vivo in mice transiently transgenized with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of a bovine IL-8 gene promoter. Results Differences in bioluminescence (BLI) signal were revealed by comparing the two types of mice after intratracheal challenge with pro-inflammatory stimuli. BLI increased at 4 h after stimulation with TNF-alpha and at 24 h after administration of LPS and VR1 supernatant in CF mice with respect to untreated animals. The BLI signal was significantly more intense and lasted for longer times in CF animals when compared to WT mice. Analysis of BALF markers: leukocytes, cytokines and histology revealed no significant differences between CF and WT mice. Conclusions In vivo gene delivery technology and non-invasive bioluminescent imaging has been successfully adapted to CFTR-deficient mice. Activation of bIL-8 transgene promoter can be monitored by non-invasive BLI imaging in the lung of the same animal and compared longitudinally in both CF or WT mice, after challenge with pro-inflammatory stimuli. The combination of these technologies and the use of CF mice offer the unique opportunity of evaluating the impact of therapies aimed to control inflammation in a CF background. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0976-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stellari
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Sandri
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica e Salute Pubblica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barouk M Assael
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria M Lleo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica e Salute Pubblica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
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24
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Ozanic M, Gobin I, Brezovec M, Marecic V, Trobonjaca Z, Abu Kwaik Y, Santic M. F. novicida-Infected A. castellanii Does Not Enhance Bacterial Virulence in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:56. [PMID: 27242974 PMCID: PMC4870235 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes tularemia in humans and animals. Epidemiology of tularemia worldwide is often associated with water-borne transmission, which includes mosquitoes and amoebae as the potential host reservoirs of the bacteria in water environment. In vitro studies showed intracellular replication of F. tularensis within Acanthamoeba castellanii and Hartmanella vermiformis cells. While infection of amoeba by Legionella pneumophila has been shown to enhance infectivity of L. pneumophila the role of F. tularensis-infected protozoa in the pathogenesis of tularemia is not known. We used 6 h coculture of A. castellanii and F. novicida for investigation of the effect of inhaled amoeba on the pathogenesis of tularemia on in vivo model. Balb/c mice were infected intratracheally with F. novicida or with F. novicida-infected A. castellanii. Surprisingly, infection with F. novicida-infected A. castellanii did not lead to bronchopneumonia in Balb/c mice, and Francisella did not disseminate into the liver and spleen. Upon inhalation, F. novicida infects a variety of host cells, though neutrophils are the predominant cells early during infection in the lung infiltrates of pulmonary tularemia. The numbers of neutrophils in the lungs of Balb/c mice were significantly lower in the infection of mice with F. novicida-infected A. castellanii in comparison to group of mice infected only with F. novicida. These results demonstrate that following inoculation of mice with F. novicida-infected A. castellanii, mice did not develop tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Ozanic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Martin Brezovec
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Valentina Marecic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Trobonjaca
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Marina Santic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
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De Simone M, Spagnuolo L, Lorè NI, Cigana C, De Fino I, Broman KW, Iraqi FA, Bragonzi A. Mapping genetic determinants of host susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:351. [PMID: 27169516 PMCID: PMC4866434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P. aeruginosa is one of the top three causes of opportunistic human bacterial infections. The remarkable variability in the clinical outcomes of this infection is thought to be associated with genetic predisposition. However, the genes underlying host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection are still largely unknown. Results As a step towards mapping these genes, we applied a genome wide linkage analysis approach to a mouse model. A large F2 intercross population, obtained by mating P. aeruginosa-resistant C3H/HeOuJ, and susceptible A/J mice, was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. The F2 progenies were challenged with a P. aeruginosa clinical strain and monitored for the survival time up to 7 days post-infection, as a disease phenotype associated trait. Selected phenotypic extremes of the F2 distribution were genotyped with high-density single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, and subsequently QTL analysis was performed. A significant locus was mapped on chromosome 6 and was named P. aeruginosa infection resistance locus 1 (Pairl1). The most promising candidate genes, including Dok1, Tacr1, Cd207, Clec4f, Gp9, Gata2, Foxp1, are related to pathogen sensing, neutrophils and macrophages recruitment and inflammatory processes. Conclusions We propose a set of genes involved in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infection that may be explored to complement human studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2676-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura De Simone
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Spagnuolo
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Karl W Broman
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Carevic M, Öz H, Fuchs K, Laval J, Schroth C, Frey N, Hector A, Bilich T, Haug M, Schmidt A, Autenrieth SE, Bucher K, Beer-Hammer S, Gaggar A, Kneilling M, Benarafa C, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Schwarz S, Moepps B, Hartl D. CXCR1 Regulates Pulmonary Anti-Pseudomonas Host Defense. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:362-73. [PMID: 26950764 DOI: 10.1159/000444125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key opportunistic pathogen causing disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the pulmonary host defense mechanisms regulating anti-P. aeruginosa immunity remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate, by studying an airway P. aeruginosa infection model, in vivo bioluminescence imaging, neutrophil effector responses and human airway samples, that the chemokine receptor CXCR1 regulates pulmonary host defense against P. aeruginosa. Mechanistically, CXCR1 regulates anti-Pseudomonas neutrophil responses through modulation of reactive oxygen species and interference with Toll-like receptor 5 expression. These studies define CXCR1 as a novel, noncanonical chemokine receptor that regulates pulmonary anti-Pseudomonas host defense with broad implications for CF, COPD and other infectious lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carevic
- Children's Hospital and Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Tx00FC;bingen, Tx00FC;bingen, Germany
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Lenney W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis is potentially serious, and more than merely a marker for disease severity. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16 Suppl 1:35-6. [PMID: 26410280 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lenney
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Academic Department of Child Health, Stoke on Trent, North Staffordshire ST46QG, United Kingdom.
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Lorè NI, Iraqi FA, Bragonzi A. Host genetic diversity influences the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in the Collaborative Cross mice. BMC Genet 2015; 16:106. [PMID: 26310945 PMCID: PMC4551369 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the top three causes of opportunistic infections in humans. Patients with a compromised immune system, due to immunosuppressive therapies or underlying diseases such as cancer, AIDS or the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis, are at risk of developing P. aeruginosa infection. However, clinical evidence indicates extremely variable outcomes of P. aeruginosa infections in individuals at risk, suggesting that host multi-complex genetic traits may influence the severity of this opportunistic infection. Here, we have used an innovative experimental model to dissect whether host genetic background, such as those found in the outbred population, could influence the risk of morbidity and mortality to P. aeruginosa pneumonia. RESULTS A highly genetically-diverse mouse resource population, Collaborative Cross (CC) mice, was infected with a clinical strain of P. aeruginosa and subsequently monitored for mortality, mean survival time, and morbidity, change in body weight for seven days post infection. Disease phenotypes ranged from complete resistance and recovery of body weight to lethal disease. Initial variables, including body weight, age and gender, have limited influence on P. aeruginosa outcome, emphasizing the role of host genetic background in defining the risk of morbidity and mortality. When broad-sense heritability of phenotypic traits was evaluated, it confirmed the influence of genetic profile rather than environmental factors among the CC lines during P. aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSION This innovative model system can potentially reproduce the variables responses of disease severity observed in humans during P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Our results demonstrated that a widely-marked differential response to P. aeruginosa airway infection in term of morbidity and mortality, is mainly affected by host genetic factors, as multiple genetic loci or polymorphic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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