1
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Taugbøl A, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Vøllestad LA. Salinity-induced transcriptome profiles in marine and freshwater threespine stickleback after an abrupt 6-hour exposure. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9395. [PMID: 36311407 PMCID: PMC9596333 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Saltwater and freshwater environments have opposing physiological challenges, yet, there are fish species that are able to enter both habitats during short time spans, and as individuals they must therefore adjust quickly to osmoregulatory contrasts. In this study, we conducted an experiment to test for plastic responses to abrupt salinity changes in two populations of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, representing two ecotypes (freshwater and ancestral saltwater). We exposed both ecotypes to abrupt native (control treatment) and non‐native salinities (0‰ and 30‰) and sampled gill tissue for transcriptomic analyses after 6 h of exposure. To investigate genomic responses to salinity, we analyzed four different comparisons; one for each ecotype (in their control and exposure salinity; (1) and (2), one between ecotypes in their control salinity (3), and the fourth comparison included all transcripts identified in (3) that did not show any expressional changes within ecotype in either the control or the exposed salinity (4)). Abrupt salinity transfer affected the expression of 10 and 1530 transcripts for the saltwater and freshwater ecotype, respectively, and 1314 were differentially expressed between the controls, including 502 that were not affected by salinity within ecotype (fixed expression). In total, these results indicate that factors other than genomic expressional plasticity are important for osmoregulation in stickleback, due to the need for opposite physiological pathways to survive the abrupt change in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Taugbøl
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)LillehammerNorway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Kjetill S. Jakobsen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
| | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES)University of OsloBlindernNorway
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2
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Norstog JL, McCormick SD, Kelly JT. Metabolic costs associated with seawater acclimation in a euryhaline teleost, the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110780. [PMID: 35863659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cost of osmoregulation in teleosts has been debated for decades, with estimates ranging from one to 30 % of routine metabolic rate. The variation in the energy budget appears to be greater for euryhaline fish due to their ability to withstand dynamic salinity levels. In this study, a time course of metabolic and physiological responses of the euryhaline fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus) acclimated to freshwater (FW) and then exposed to seawater (SW) was examined. There was 18% mortality in the first 3 days following exposure to SW, with no mortalities in the FW control group. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, an index of osmoregulatory capacity, increased 2.6-fold in SW fish peaking on days 7 and 14. Gill citrate synthase activity, an index of aerobic capacity, was 50-62% greater in SW than FW fish and peaked on day 7. Tissue water content was significantly lower in the SW fish on day 1 only, returning to FW levels by day 3. Routine metabolic rate was decreased within 24 h of SW exposure and was maintained slightly (8-22%) but significantly lower in SW compared to FW water controls throughout the 2-week experiment. These results indicate that elevated salinity resulted in increased SW osmoregulatory and aerobic capacity in the gill, but with a reduced whole animal metabolic rate to this euryhaline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Norstog
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John T Kelly
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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3
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Dean LL, Dunstan HR, Reddish A, MacColl ADC. Courtship behavior, nesting microhabitat, and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species pairs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1741-1755. [PMID: 33614001 PMCID: PMC7882950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of reproductive isolation in the face of gene flow is a particularly contentious topic, but differences in reproductive behavior may provide the key to explaining this phenomenon. However, we do not yet fully understand how behavior contributes to maintaining species boundaries. How important are behavioral differences during reproduction? To what extent does assortative mating maintain reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations and how important are "magic traits"? Assortative mating can arise as a by-product of accumulated differences between divergent populations as well as an adaptive response to contact between those populations, but this is often overlooked. Here we address these questions using recently described species pairs of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), from two separate locations and a phenotypically intermediate allopatric population on the island of North Uist, Scottish Western Isles. We identified stark differences in the preferred nesting substrate and courtship behavior of species pair males. We showed that all males selectively court females of their own ecotype and all females prefer males of the same ecotype, regardless of whether they are from species pairs or allopatric populations. We also showed that mate choice does not appear to be driven by body size differences (a potential "magic trait"). By explicitly comparing the strength of these mating preferences between species pairs and single-ecotype locations, we were able to show that present levels of assortative mating due to direct mate choice are likely a by-product of other adaptations between ecotypes, and not subject to obvious selection in species pairs. Our results suggest that ecological divergence in mating characteristics, particularly nesting microhabitat may be more important than direct mate choice in maintaining reproductive isolation in stickleback species pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Dean
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Amelia Reddish
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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4
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Abstract
Diadromy, the predictable movements of individuals between marine and freshwater environments, is biogeographically and phylogenetically widespread across fishes. Thus, despite the high energetic and potential fitness costs involved in moving between distinct environments, diadromy appears to be an effective life history strategy. Yet, the origin and molecular mechanisms that underpin this migratory behavior are not fully understood. In this review, we aim first to summarize what is known about diadromy in fishes; this includes the phylogenetic relationship among diadromous species, a description of the main hypotheses regarding its origin, and a discussion of the presence of non-migratory populations within diadromous species. Second, we discuss how recent research based on -omics approaches (chiefly genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics) is beginning to provide answers to questions on the genetic bases and origin(s) of diadromy. Finally, we suggest future directions for -omics research that can help tackle questions on the evolution of diadromy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lisette Delgado
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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5
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Becker JR, Cieri MD, Libby DA, St Gelais A, Sherwood G, Chen Y. Temporal variability in size and growth of Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:953-963. [PMID: 32529667 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Variability in life history traits and structural diversity of commercially exploited fishes in response to stress can impact their population dynamics and sustainability. Using data from a fishery dependent sampling program from 1978 to 2011, we evaluated temporal variability of size and growth of adult Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Maine. We then developed and tested the hypotheses on the links of such temporal changes to population density and environmental factors and found decreases in size and growth potential. Generalized additive models found that density dependence was the main driver of such changes over sea surface temperature and salinity. Our results highlight the importance of density dependent processes in regulating growth and population size structure for Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Becker
- Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine, USA
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Matthew D Cieri
- Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - David A Libby
- Department of Marine Resources, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Adam St Gelais
- School or Marine Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, USA
| | | | - Yong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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6
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Rind K, Rodriguez-Barucg Q, Nicolas D, Cucchi P, Lignot JH. Morphological and physiological traits of Mediterranean sticklebacks living in the Camargue wetland (Rhone river delta). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:51-63. [PMID: 32166744 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) living at the southern limit of the species distribution range could possess specific morphological and physiological traits that enable these fish to live at the threshold of their physiological capacities. Morphological analysis was carried out on samples of sticklebacks living in different saline habitats of the Camargue area (Rhone delta, northern Mediterranean coast) obtained from 1993 to 2017. Salinity acclimation capacities were also investigated using individuals from freshwater-low salinity drainage canals and from mesohaline-euryhaline lagoons. Fish were maintained in laboratory conditions at salinity values close to those of their respective habitats: low salinity (LS, 5‰) or seawater (SW, 30‰). Fish obtained from a mesohaline brackish water lagoon (BW, 15‰) were acclimated to SW or LS. Oxygen consumption rates and branchial Na+ /K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity (indicator of fish osmoregulatory capacity) were measured in these LS or SW control fish and in individuals subjected to abrupt SW or LS transfers. At all the studied locations, only the low-plated "leiurus" morphotype showed no spatial or temporal variations in their body morphology. Gill rakers were only longer and denser in fish sampled from the LS-freshwater (FW) drainage canals. All fish presented similar physiological capacities. Oxygen consumption rates were not influenced by salinity challenge except in SW fish transferred to LS immediately and 1 h after transfer. However, and as expected, gill NKA activity was salinity dependent. Sticklebacks of the Camargue area sampled from habitats with contrasted saline conditions are homogenously euryhaline, have low oxygen consumption rates and do not appear to experience significantly greater metabolic costs when challenged with salinity. However, an observed difference in gill raker length and density is most probably related to the nutritional condition of their habitat, indicating that individuals can rapidly acclimatize to different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rind
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Pakistan
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7
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Mohindra V, Dangi T, Tripathi RK, Kumar R, Singh RK, Jena JK, Mohapatra T. Draft genome assembly of Tenualosa ilisha, Hilsa shad, provides resource for osmoregulation studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16511. [PMID: 31712633 PMCID: PMC6848103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides the first high-quality draft genome assembly (762.5 Mb) of Tenualosa ilisha that is highly contiguous and nearly complete. We observed a total of 2,864 contigs, with 96.4% completeness with N50 of 2.65 Mbp and the largest contig length of 17.4 Mbp, along with a complete mitochondrial genome of 16,745 bases. A total number of 33,042 protein coding genes were predicted, among these, 512 genes were classified under 61 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, associated with various homeostasis processes. Highest number of genes belongs to cellular calcium ion homeostasis, followed by tissue homeostasis. A total of 97 genes were identified, with 16 GO terms related to water homeostasis. Claudins, Aquaporins, Connexins/Gap junctions, Adenylate cyclase, Solute carriers and Voltage gated potassium channel genes were observed to be higher in number in T. ilisha, as compared to that in other teleost species. Seven novel gene variants, in addition to claudin gene (CLDZ), were found in T. ilisha. The present study also identified two putative novel genes, NKAIN3 and L4AM1, for the first time in fish, for which further studies are required for pinpointing their functions in fish. In addition, 1.6 million simple sequence repeats were mined from draft genome assembly. The study provides a valuable genomic resource for the anadromous Hilsa. It will form a basis for future studies, pertaining to its adaptation mechanisms to different salinity levels during migration, which in turn would facilitate in its domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Mohindra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, India.
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, India
| | - Ratnesh K Tripathi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, India.,Imperial Life Sciences (P) Limited, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, India
| | - Rajeev K Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002, India
| | - J K Jena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - T Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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8
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Monroe I, Wentworth S, Thede K, Aravindabose V, Garvin J, Packer RK. Activity changes in gill ion transporter enzymes in response to salinity and temperature in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 228:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Beck SV, Räsänen K, Ahi EP, Kristjánsson BK, Skúlason S, Jónsson ZO, Leblanc CA. Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): A focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development. Evol Dev 2018; 21:16-30. [PMID: 30474913 PMCID: PMC9285049 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression during development shapes the phenotypes of individuals. Although embryonic gene expression can have lasting effects on developmental trajectories, few studies consider the role of maternal effects, such as egg size, on gene expression. Using qPCR, we characterize relative expression of 14 growth and/or skeletal promoting genes across embryonic development in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We test to what extent their relative expression is correlated with egg size and size at early life‐stages within the study population. We predict smaller individuals to have higher expression of growth and skeletal promoting genes, due to less maternal resources (i.e., yolk) and prioritization of energy toward ossification. We found expression levels to vary across developmental stages and only three genes (Mmp9, Star, and Sgk1) correlated with individual size at a given developmental stage. Contrary to our hypothesis, expression of Mmp9 and Star showed a non‐linear relationship with size (at post fertilization and hatching, respectively), whilst Sgk1 was higher in larger embryos at hatching. Interestingly, these genes are also associated with craniofacial divergence of Arctic charr morphs. Our results indicate that early life‐stage variation in gene expression, concomitant to maternal effects, can influence developmental plasticity and potentially the evolution of resource polymorphism in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Beck
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Háskólinn á Hólum, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.,Institute of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Katja Räsänen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ehsan P Ahi
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, Austria
| | - Bjarni K Kristjánsson
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Háskólinn á Hólum, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Skúli Skúlason
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Háskólinn á Hólum, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Zophonías O Jónsson
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Camille A Leblanc
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Háskólinn á Hólum, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
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10
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Taugbøl A, Mazzarella AB, Cramer ERA, Laskemoen T. Salinity-induced phenotypic plasticity in threespine stickleback sperm activation. Biol Lett 2018; 13:rsbl.2017.0516. [PMID: 29021318 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic expression may be and often is influenced by an organism's developmental environment, referred to as phenotypic plasticity. The sperm cells of teleosts have been found to be inactive in the seminal plasma and are activated by osmotic shock for most fish species, through release in either hypertonic (for marine fish) or hypotonic (for freshwater fish) water. If this is the case, the regulatory system of sperm mobility should be reversed in salt- and freshwater fish. We tested this hypothesis by first activating sperm of salt- and freshwater populations of threespine stickleback in salt- and freshwater. The sperm from saltwater stickleback could be activated in either salinity, which matches the freshwater colonization history of the species, whereas the sperm from the freshwater population acted as predicted by the osmotic shock theory and was activated in freshwater only. As the freshwater population used here was calculated to be thousands of years old, we went on to test whether the trait(s) were plastic and sperm from freshwater males still could be activated in saltwater after individuals were exposed to saltwater. After raising freshwater stickleback in saltwater, we found the mature males to have active sperm in both saltwater and freshwater. Further, we also found the sperm of wild-caught freshwater stickleback to be active in saltwater after exposing those mature males to saltwater for only 2 days. This illustrates that the ability for stickleback sperm to be activated in a range of water qualities is an environmentally induced plastic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Taugbøl
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway .,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anna B Mazzarella
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emily R A Cramer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0381 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Laskemoen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, 0381 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Chen XL, Lui EY, Ip YK, Lam SH. RNA sequencing, de novo assembly and differential analysis of the gill transcriptome of freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus after 6 days of seawater exposure. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:215-228. [PMID: 29931780 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To obtain transcriptomic insights into branchial responses to salinity challenge in Anabas testudineus, this study employed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyse the gill transcriptome of A. testudineus exposed to seawater (SW) for 6 days compared with the freshwater (FW) control group. A combined FW and SW gill transcriptome was de novo assembled from 169.9 million 101 bp paired-end reads. In silico validation employing 17 A. testudineus Sanger full-length coding sequences showed that 15/17 of them had greater than 80% of their sequences aligned to the de novo assembled contigs where 5/17 had their full-length (100%) aligned and 9/17 had greater than 90% of their sequences aligned. The combined FW and SW gill transcriptome was mapped to 13,780 unique human identifiers at E-value ≤1.0E-20 while 952 and 886 identifiers were determined as up and down-regulated by 1.5 fold, respectively, in the gills of A. testudineus in SW when compared with FW. These genes were found to be associated with at least 23 biological processes. A larger proportion of genes encoding enzymes and transporters associated with molecular transport, energy production, metabolisms were up-regulated, while a larger proportion of genes encoding transmembrane receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, kinases and transcription regulators associated with cell cycle, growth, development, signalling, morphology and gene expression were relatively lower in the gills of A. testudineus in SW when compared with FW. High correlation (R = 0.99) was observed between RNA-Seq data and real-time quantitative PCR validation for 13 selected genes. The transcriptomic sequence information will facilitate development of molecular resources and tools while the findings will provide insights for future studies into branchial iono-osmoregulation and related cellular processes in A. testudineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu L Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eei Y Lui
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen K Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew H Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Gibbons TC, McBryan TL, Schulte PM. Interactive effects of salinity and temperature acclimation on gill morphology and gene expression in threespine stickleback. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 221:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Silveira TLR, Martins GB, Domingues WB, Remião MH, Barreto BF, Lessa IM, Santos L, Pinhal D, Dellagostin OA, Seixas FK, Collares T, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Gene and Blood Analysis Reveal That Transfer from Brackish Water to Freshwater Is More Stressful to the Silverside Odontesthes humensis. Front Genet 2018; 9:28. [PMID: 29541090 PMCID: PMC5836595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silversides are fish that inhabit marine coastal waters, coastal lagoons, and estuarine regions in southern South America. The freshwater (FW) silversides have the ability to tolerate salinity variations. Odontesthes humensis have similar habitats and biological characteristics of congeneric O. bonariensis, the most studied silverside species and with great economic importance. Studies revealed that O. bonariensis is not fully adapted to FW, despite inhabiting hyposmotic environments in nature. However, there is little information about stressful environments for cultivation of silverside O. humensis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and osmoregulation responses triggered by the osmotic transfers on silverside O. humensis. Silversides were acclimated to FW (0 ppt) and to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt) and then they were exposed to opposite salinity treatment. Silverside gills and blood were sampled on pre-transfer (D0) and 1, 7, and 15 days (D1, D7, and D15) after changes in environmental salinity, the expression levels of genes atp1a3a, slc12a2b, kcnh1, and hspa1a were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for evaluation of osmoregulatory and stress responses. Furthermore, glycemia, hematocrit, and osmolality were also evaluated. The expression of atp1a3a was up- and down-regulated at D1 after the FW-BW and BW-FW transfers, respectively. Slc12a2b was up-regulated after FW-BW transfer. Similarly, kcnh1 and hspa1a were up-regulated at D1 after the BW-FW transfer. O. humensis blood osmolality decreased after the exposure to FW. It remained stable after exposure to BW, indicating an efficient hyposmoregulation. The glycemia had a peak at D1 after BW-FW transfer. No changes were observed in hematocrit. The return to the pre-transfer levels at D7 after the significant increases in responses of almost all evaluated molecular and blood parameters indicated that this period is enough for acclimation to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that BW-FW transfer is more stressful to O. humensis than FW-BW transfer and the physiology of O. humensis is only partially adapted to FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. R. Silveira
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B. Martins
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - William B. Domingues
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana H. Remião
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruna F. Barreto
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ingrid M. Lessa
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Genomics and Molecular Evolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Odir A. Dellagostin
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Robaldo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Campos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Østbye K, Taugbøl A, Ravinet M, Harrod C, Pettersen RA, Bernatchez L, Vøllestad LA. Ongoing niche differentiation under high gene flow in a polymorphic brackish water threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29402230 PMCID: PMC5800020 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine threespine sticklebacks colonized and adapted to brackish and freshwater environments since the last Pleistocene glacial. Throughout the Holarctic, three lateral plate morphs are observed; the low, partial and completely plated morph. We test if the three plate morphs in the brackish water Lake Engervann, Norway, differ in body size, trophic morphology (gill raker number and length), niche (stable isotopes; δ15N, δ13C, and parasites (Theristina gasterostei, Trematoda spp.)), genetic structure (microsatellites) and the lateral-plate encoding Stn382 (Ectodysplasin) gene. We examine differences temporally (autumn 2006/spring 2007) and spatially (upper/lower sections of the lake - reflecting low versus high salinity). RESULTS All morphs belonged to one gene pool. The complete morph was larger than the low plated, with the partial morph intermediate. The number of lateral plates ranged 8-71, with means of 64.2 for complete, 40.3 for partial, and 14.9 for low plated morph. Stickleback δ15N was higher in the lower lake section, while δ13C was higher in the upper section. Stickleback isotopic values were greater in autumn. The low plated morph had larger variances in δ15N and δ13C than the other morphs. Sticklebacks in the upper section had more T. gasterostei than in the lower section which had more Trematoda spp. Sticklebacks had less T. gasterostei, but more Trematoda spp. in autumn than spring. Sticklebacks with few and short rakers had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with longer rakers had more Trematoda. spp. Stickleback with higher δ15N values had more T. gasterostei, while sticklebacks with higher δ15N and δ13C values had more Trematoda spp. The low plated morph had fewer Trematoda spp. than other morphs. CONCLUSIONS Trait-ecology associations may imply that the three lateral plate morphs in the brackish water lagoon of Lake Engervann are experiencing ongoing divergent selection for niche and migratory life history strategies under high gene flow. As such, the brackish water zone may generally act as a generator of genomic diversity to be selected upon in the different environments where threespine sticklebacks can live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan Østbye
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO2418 Elverum, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Po. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Taugbøl
- Norwegian Institute for nature research (NINA), Fakkelgården, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Mark Ravinet
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Po. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chris Harrod
- Department of Physiological Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany
- Universidad de Antofagasta, Fish and Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humbolt, Avenida Angamos, 601 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ruben Alexander Pettersen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Po. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, Avenue de la Medecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Po. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Morozov S, Leinonen T, Merilä J, McCairns RJS. Selection on the morphology-physiology-performance nexus: Lessons from freshwater stickleback morphs. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1286-1299. [PMID: 29375798 PMCID: PMC5773335 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspecifics inhabiting divergent environments frequently differ in morphology, physiology, and performance, but the interrelationships amongst traits and with Darwinian fitness remains poorly understood. We investigated population differentiation in morphology, metabolic rate, and swimming performance in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), contrasting a marine/ancestral population with two distinct freshwater morphotypes derived from it: the "typical" low-plated morph, and a unique "small-plated" morph. We test the hypothesis that similar to plate loss in other freshwater populations, reduction in lateral plate size also evolved in response to selection. Additionally, we test how morphology, physiology, and performance have evolved in concert as a response to differences in selection between marine and freshwater environments. We raised pure-bred second-generation fish originating from three populations and quantified their lateral plate coverage, burst- and critical swimming speeds, as well as standard and active metabolic rates. Using a multivariate QST-FST framework, we detected signals of directional selection on metabolic physiology and lateral plate coverage, notably demonstrating that selection is responsible for the reduction in lateral plate coverage in a small-plated stickleback population. We also uncovered signals of multivariate selection amongst all bivariate trait combinations except the two metrics of swimming performance. Divergence between the freshwater and marine populations exceeded neutral expectation in morphology and in most physiological and performance traits, indicating that adaptation to freshwater habitats has occurred, but through different combinations of traits in different populations. These results highlight both the complex interplay between morphology, physiology and performance in local adaptation, and a framework for their investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Morozov
- Ecological Genetics Research UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomas Leinonen
- Ecological Genetics Research UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - R. J. Scott McCairns
- Ecological Genetics Research UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthINRARennesFrance
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16
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Lugert V, Meyer EI, Kurtz J, Scharsack JP. Effects of an anthropogenic saltwater inlet on three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae) and their parasites in an inland brook. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1356386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Lugert
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - E. I. Meyer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Limnology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - J. Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
| | - J. P. Scharsack
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Animal Evolutionary Ecology, University of Münster , Münster, Germany
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17
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Rind K, Beyrend D, Blondeau-Bidet E, Charmantier G, Cucchi P, Lignot JH. Effects of different salinities on the osmoregulatory capacity of Mediterranean sticklebacks living in freshwater. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Rind
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University; Shaheed benazirabad Pakistan
| | - D. Beyrend
- MARBEC; MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - E. Blondeau-Bidet
- MARBEC; MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - G. Charmantier
- MARBEC; MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - P. Cucchi
- MARBEC; MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - J.-H. Lignot
- MARBEC; MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
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18
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Gibbons TC, Metzger DCH, Healy TM, Schulte PM. Gene expression plasticity in response to salinity acclimation in threespine stickleback ecotypes from different salinity habitats. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2711-2725. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Gibbons
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - David C. H. Metzger
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Timothy M. Healy
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Patricia M. Schulte
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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19
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Velotta JP, Wegrzyn JL, Ginzburg S, Kang L, Czesny S, O'Neill RJ, McCormick SD, Michalak P, Schultz ET. Transcriptomic imprints of adaptation to fresh water: parallel evolution of osmoregulatory gene expression in the Alewife. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:831-848. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Velotta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA
| | - Jill L. Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA
| | - Samuel Ginzburg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Sergiusz Czesny
- Lake Michigan Biological Station; Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois; Zion IL 60099 USA
| | - Rachel J. O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3125 USA
| | - Stephen D. McCormick
- Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey; Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Eric T. Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3043 USA
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20
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Hasan MM, DeFaveri J, Kuure S, Dash SN, Lehtonen S, Merilä J, McCairns RJS. Kidney morphology and candidate gene expression shows plasticity in sticklebacks adapted to divergent osmotic environments. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:2175-2186. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel physiological challenges in different environments can promote the evolution of divergent phenotypes, either through plastic or genetic changes. Environmental salinity serves as a key barrier to the distribution of nearly all aquatic organisms, and species diversification is likely to be enabled by adaptation to alternative osmotic environments. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a euryhaline species with populations found both in marine and freshwater environments. It has evolved both highly plastic and locally adapted phenotypes due to salinity-derived selection, but the physiological and genetic basis of adaptation to salinity is not fully understood. We integrated comparative cellular morphology of the kidney, a key organ for osmoregulation, and candidate gene expression to explore the underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic plasticity within two populations of sticklebacks from distinct salinity zones in the Baltic Sea: the high salinity Kattegat, representative of the ancestral marine habitat, and the low salinity Bay of Bothnia. A common-garden experiment revealed that kidney morphology in the ancestral high salinity population had a highly plastic response to salinity conditions, whereas this plastic response was reduced in the low salinity population. Candidate gene expression in kidney tissue revealed a similar pattern of population-specific differences, with a higher degree of plasticity in the native high salinity population. Together these results suggest that renal cellular morphology has become canalized to low salinity, and that these structural differences may have functional implications for osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mehedi Hasan
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacquelin DeFaveri
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Kuure
- Institute of Biotechnology & Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surjya N. Dash
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. J. Scott McCairns
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France
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21
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Wong MKS, Pipil S, Kato A, Takei Y. Duplicated CFTR isoforms in eels diverged in regulatory structures and osmoregulatory functions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 199:130-141. [PMID: 27322796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) isoforms, CFTRa and CFTRb, were cloned in Japanese eel and their structures and functions were studied in different osmoregulatory tissues in freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) eels. Molecular phylogenetic results suggested that the CFTR duplication in eels occurred independently of the duplication event in salmonid. CFTRa was expressed in the intestine and kidney and downregulated in both tissues in SW eels, while CFTRb was specifically expressed in the gill and greatly upregulated in SW eels. Structurally, the CFTR isoforms are similar in most functional domains except the regulatory R domain, where the R domain of CFTRa is similar to that of human CFTR but the R domain of CFTRb is unique in having high intrinsic negative charges and fewer phosphorylation sites, suggesting divergence of isoforms in terms of gating properties and hormonal regulation. Immunohistochemical results showed that CFTR was localized on the apical regions of SW ionocytes, suggesting a Cl(-) secretory role as in other teleosts. In intestine and kidney, however, immunoreactive CFTR was mostly found in the cytosolic vesicles in FW eels, indicating that Cl(-) channel activity could be low at basal conditions, but could be rapidly increased by membrane insertion of the stored channels. Guanylin (GN), a known hormone that increases CFTR activity in mammalian intestine, failed to redistribute CFTR and to affect its expression in eel intestine. The results suggested that GN-independent CFTR regulation is present in eel intestine and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supriya Pipil
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Conserved effects of salinity acclimation on thermal tolerance and hsp70 expression in divergent populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:879-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Wong MKS, Pipil S, Ozaki H, Suzuki Y, Iwasaki W, Takei Y. Flexible selection of diversified Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunit isoforms for osmoregulation in teleosts. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2016; 2:15. [PMID: 27489726 PMCID: PMC4971688 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-016-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Multiple Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α-subunit isoforms express differentially in response to salinity transfer in teleosts but we observed that the isoform nomenclature is inconsistent with the phylogenetic relationship of NKA α-genes. We cloned the catalytic NKA α-subunit isoforms in eels and medaka, analyzed the time course of their expressions in osmoregulatory tissues after transfer from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW), and performed phylogenetic analyses to deduce an evolutionary scenario that illustrates how various duplication events have led to the current genomic arrangement of NKA α-genes in teleosts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five and six α-subunits were cloned in eels and medaka respectively. In eels, the commonly-reported α1a and α1b isoforms were absent while the α1c isoform was diversified instead (α1c-1, α1c-2, α1c-3, α2, and α3 in eels). Phylogenetic estimation indicated that the α1a and α1b isoforms from salmon, tilapia, and medaka were generated by independent duplication events and thus they are paralogous isoforms. Re-examination of expression changes of known isoforms after salinity challenge revealed that the isoforms selected as predominant SW-types varied among teleost lineages. Diversification of α1 isoforms occurred by various types of gene duplication, or by alternative transcription among tandem genes to form chimeric transcripts, but there is no trend for more α1 copies in euryhaline species. Our data suggest that the isoform switching between FW (α1a predominates) and SW (α1b predominates) that occurs in salmonids is not universal in teleosts. Instead, in eels, α1c-1 was the major α-subunit upregulated gill, intestine, and kidney in SW. Localization of both NKA mRNA and protein showed consistent upregulation in gill and intestine in SW eels, but not in renal distal and collecting tubules, where low transcript expression levels were accompanied by high protein levels, suggesting a tissue-specific translational regulation that determines and fine-tunes the NKA expression. In medaka, α1b was upregulated in SW in anterior intestine while most other α-subunit isoforms were less responsive to salinity changes. CONCLUSION By integrating gene expression and phylogenetic results, we propose that the major NKA α-subunits for SW acclimation were not ancestrally selected, but rather were flexibly determined in lineage-specific fashion in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Kwok-Shing Wong
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Supriya Pipil
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Haruka Ozaki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
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Mazzarella AB, Voje KL, Hansson TH, Taugbøl A, Fischer B. Strong and parallel salinity-induced phenotypic plasticity in one generation of threespine stickleback. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:667-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Mazzarella
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - K. L. Voje
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - T. H. Hansson
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - A. Taugbøl
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - B. Fischer
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Theoretical Biology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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