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Hu Z, Liu Z, Li W, You W, Pan K. Health economic evaluation on population-based Helicobacter pylori eradication and endoscopic screening for gastric cancer prevention. Chin J Cancer Res 2023; 35:595-605. [PMID: 38204445 PMCID: PMC10774135 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global public health burden, nearly one million new cases are diagnosed per year worldwide, of which 44% of cases occur in China. The prognosis of gastric cancer varies remarkably by the stage of cancer, and most of the patients in China are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor prognoses. Effective strategies to reduce the burden of gastric cancer include primary prevention through testing and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and secondary prevention by screening and early detection. Although many countries have issued management guidelines and consensus reports concerning these strategies, the limited availability of healthcare resources often precludes their widespread implementation. Therefore, assessing the costs, benefits, and harms of population-based intervention measures through health economic evaluation is necessary for informed health policy decisions. Accordingly, we synthesize management approaches from different countries on H. pylori eradication and endoscopic screening, and also summarize recent advancements in health economic evaluations on population-based preventive strategies. The goal of the review is to provide empirical evidence supporting optimal resource allocation, maximizing benefits for the population, and ultimately reducing the burden of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Weicheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Population- and Gender-Based Investigation for Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Dhamar, Yemen. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 2023:3800810. [PMID: 36742348 PMCID: PMC9891806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3800810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 35 species of genus Helicobacter, H. pylori is the most common causative agent of human gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The infection can spread through direct human-to-human contact, fecal-oral route, and contaminated water. The study was designed to investigate the rate of prevalence of H. pylori in the population of Dhamar, Yemen. In this one-year study, 460 including 250 male and 210 female stool specimens were collected between January to December 2020 in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Of the total 460, 215 rural (male: n = 120 and female: n = 95) and 245 urban (male: n = 130 and female: n = 115) specimens were investigated for identification of H. pylori by serological test using Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. In addition, for comparing an improved recovery of H. pylori, conventional culture-based isolation was also carried out using three selective media. Modified Campy-blood Agar (MCA), Belo Horizonte Agar (BHA), and Egg yolk Emulsion (EYE) medium supplemented with antimicrobial agents including vancomycin (10 mg/L), cefsulodin (5 mg/L), trimethoprim (5 mg/L), and amphotericin B (5 mg/L) and isolates were phenotypically characterized. The HpSA test results revealed that of the total 460 specimens, 89 (19.3%) were positive for H. pylori with relatively low in male (n = 43; 17.2%) as compared to the female (n = 46; 21.9%) specimens. After 3-10 days of incubation, H. pylori was recovered at a variable rate on each selective (MCA: 16.5%; BHA: 15.0%; EYE: 13.0%) media. However, culture-based assay results showed less recovery (n = 81; 17.6%) with no significant difference among all selective media tested and between genders (male: n = 39; 15.6%; female: n = 42; 20.0%). The infection rate was comparatively higher in rural (n = 45; 20.9%) as compared to urban (n = 36; 14.7%) population. Overall, the study data showed the prevalence of infection in both genders of all age groups. The present study showed a relatively high rate of infection of H. pylori in the Dhamar population. The serological identification and culture-based methods are important for rapid detection, aid in treatment, and developing policies for the control and eradication of H. pylori infection and to prevent the disease in different age groups in Yemen.
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Evaluation of a New Monoclonal Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Stool Antigen Test for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Spanish Multicentre Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175077. [PMID: 36079007 PMCID: PMC9457298 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The stool antigen test (SAT) represents an attractive alternative for detection of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a new SAT, the automated LIAISON® Meridian H. pylori SA based on monoclonal antibodies, compared to the defined gold standard 13C-urea breath test (UBT). This prospective multicentre study (nine Spanish centres) enrolled patients ≥18 years of age with clinical indication to perform UBT for the initial diagnosis and for confirmation of bacterial eradication. Two UBT methods were used: mass spectrometry (MS) including citric acid (CA) or infrared spectrophotometry (IRS) without CA. Overall, 307 patients (145 naïve, 162 with confirmation of eradication) were analysed. Using recommended cut-off values (negative SAT < 0.90, positive ≥ 1.10) the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 67%, 97%, 86%, 92% and 91%, respectively, obtaining an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.85. Twenty-eight patients, including seven false positives and 21 false negatives, presented a discordant result between SAT and UBT. Among the 21 false negatives, four of six tested with MS and 11 of 15 tested with IRS presented a borderline UBT delta value. In 25 discordant samples, PCR targeting H. pylori DNA was performed to re-assess positivity and SAT accuracy was re-analysed: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and AUC were 94%, 97%, 86%, 99%, 97% and 0.96, respectively. The new LIAISON® Meridian H. pylori SA SAT showed a good accuracy for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Saif N, Jensen N, Farrar E, Blackstone S, Hauck FR. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among resettled refugees presenting to a family medicine clinic in the United States. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12894. [PMID: 35484785 PMCID: PMC9286549 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endemic to much of the global population, few studies have examined Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in US refugee populations. This study investigates the prevalence of H. pylori infection and barriers to treatment in the International Family Medicine Clinic (IFMC), a primary care refugee clinic, in central Virginia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a chart review of 188 refugee patients of the IFMC who were referred for an H. pylori test between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Recorded measures included patient demographics, H. pylori test result, treatment of initial infection, completion of test of cure (TOC), TOC results, salvage therapy, and barriers to treatment. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between demographic factors and H. pylori test results. RESULTS Of the 171 patients who completed an H. pylori test, 94 tested positive (54.9%). Of the 93 patients that were subsequently treated, 76 were treated with clarithromycin triple therapy (82%). Forty-eight patients (52%) completed a TOC after completing treatment, and 21 (43%) of these patients remained positive, indicating persistent infection. Eighteen patients (90%) who remained positive for H. pylori were subsequently treated with quadruple therapy. Patients under 18 (OR = 0.25, p < 0.01) and patients with a history of previous H. pylori (OR = 0.44, p < 0.05) were less likely to have positive results on initial H. pylori testing. Common barriers to treatment included pregnancy, religious observance (e.g., fasting), and health system complications (e.g., prior authorization for medications, cost of treatment). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori among refugees at the IFMC was higher than the overall prevalence estimate for the United States, which is consistent with previous studies. This work represents an updated picture of H. pylori prevalence among refugees in the United States and contributes to the identification of treatment barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saif
- University of Maryland School of MedicineUniversity of Maryland at BaltimoreBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nicole Jensen
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Farrar
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Sarah Blackstone
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Fern R. Hauck
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Scanlon B, Brough M, Wyld D, Durham J. Equity across the cancer care continuum for culturally and linguistically diverse migrants living in Australia: a scoping review. Global Health 2021; 17:87. [PMID: 34321015 PMCID: PMC8318324 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
International evidence suggests migrants experience inequitable access, outcomes and treatment quality across the cancer care continuum. There is currently limited research assessing equity across the cancer care continuum for culturally and linguistically diverse migrants living in Australia. A detailed protocol and search strategy were developed and used to identify all relevant literature, utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. Systematic searching was conducted via multiple databases and identified studies were screened against pre-identified inclusion and exclusion criteria. 71 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Most studies examined cancer detection via screening. Very few studies examined cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment or palliative care. Most studies focused on patient-sided barriers to care and there was a paucity of information regarding institutional barriers to health. Cancer-related outcomes were seldom examined, and most studies were qualitative or behavioral analysis. Results highlighted significant communication issues spanning the cancer care continuum and a context of inadequate support for both patients and clinicians. There is a demonstrable need to examine equity in access and outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse cancer populations. This requires the identification of cancer-related disparities and an examination of institutional barriers to care. Through addressing this dearth of information, future research and health policy can support the operationalisation of health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brighid Scanlon
- Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, QLD, 4059, Kelvin Grove, Australia. .,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, QLD, 4029, Herston, Australia.
| | - Mark Brough
- Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, QLD, 4059, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, QLD, 4059, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, QLD, 4029, Herston, Australia.,University of Queensland, 20 Weightman Street, QLD, 4006, Herston, Australia
| | - Jo Durham
- Queensland University of Technology, 149 Victoria Park Road, QLD, 4059, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Khoder G, Muhammad JS, Mahmoud I, Soliman SSM, Burucoa C. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Its Associated Factors among Healthy Asymptomatic Residents in the United Arab Emirates. Pathogens 2019; 8:E44. [PMID: 30939800 PMCID: PMC6632043 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been under continuous populational influences from Asia, Europe, and Africa, making it an ideal site for epidemiological studies on Helicobacter pylori. However, there has been a paucity of well-designed prevalence studies on H. pylori from UAE. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori and its associated risk factors in the UAE. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy asymptomatic residents of UAE. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, and gastrointestinal characteristics of participants were obtained through a questionnaire in parallel within the stool sample collection. A total of 350 participants were included in this study and were tested for H. pylori using the stool antigen test (Premier Platinum HpSAT). Out of the total tested study participants, 41% were found to be H. pylori-infected. Logistic regression analysis has shown a significant association between H. pylori infection and gender, age, ethnicity, profession, domestic overcrowding, source of drinking water, and gastrointestinal characteristics of participants. Based on the results from this study, we suggest that preventive measures against H. pylori infection should be considered worthy by public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Department of Family Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Hygiène, EA 4331 LITEC, CHU de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86000, France.
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Chen Q, Liang X, Long X, Yu L, Liu W, Lu H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of screen-and-treat strategy in asymptomatic Chinese for preventing Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12563. [PMID: 30672082 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in China results in a substantial public health burden. Medical experts have not agreed on the best solution of population intervention for this problem. We presented a health economic evaluation of a population-based H pylori screen-and-treat strategy for preventing gastric cancer, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Decision trees and Markov models were developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of H pylori screening followed by eradication treatment in asymptomatic Chinese. The modeled screen-and-treat strategy reduced the risk of gastric cancer, PUD, and NUD. The main outcomes were the costs, effectiveness, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Uncertainty was explored by one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS For preventing gastric cancer, PUD, and NUD together in a cohort of 10 million asymptomatic Chinese at the age of 20 years, the H pylori screen-and-treat strategy saved 288.1 million dollars, 28 989 life years, and 111 663 quality-adjusted life years, and prevented 11 611 gastric cancers, 5422 deaths from gastric cancer, and 1854 deaths from PUD during life expectancy. Uncertainty of screening age from 20 to 60 did not affect the superiority of the screen-and-treat strategy over the no-screen strategy. The one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our study's results. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the no-screen strategy, population-based screen-and-treat strategy for H pylori infection proved cheaper and more effective for preventing gastric cancer, PUD, and NUD in Chinese asymptomatic general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lou Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu K, Watanabe-Galloway S, Qu M, Grimm B, Kim J. Common Diagnoses among Refugee Populations: Linked Results with Statewide Hospital Discharge Database. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:541-550. [PMID: 30835394 PMCID: PMC6748192 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to the U.S. State Department’s Refugee Processing Center and the U.S. Census Bureau, in the fiscal year 2016, among all states in the United States, Nebraska resettled the highest number of refugees per capita. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the most common reasons for refugees utilizing hospital services in Nebraska between January 2011 and September 2015, and to examine whether refugee patients had increased risks for adverse health conditions compared to non-refugee patients. Methods: Statewide linkage was performed between Nebraska Medicaid Program’s immigration data, and 2011–2015 Nebraska hospital discharge data inpatient and outpatient files. The linkage produced 3017, 5460, and 775 cases for emergency department visits, outpatient clinic visits, and inpatient care for the refugee sample, respectively. Findings: Refugee patients were at increased risk for a number of diagnoses or medical conditions, including pregnancy complications, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infections, viral infections, mood disorders, disorders of teeth and jaw, deficiency and anemia, urinary system disorders, headache, nausea and vomiting, limb fractures, spondylosis, essential hypertension, and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The findings suggest a greater emphasis on preventive healthcare, especially in areas of maternal health and perinatal outcomes, psychological counseling, screening for infectious diseases, nutrition and healthy eating, and oral health. Additionally, culturally appropriate measures to address prevention, health screening, and treatments should be adopted by health providers who care for refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, US
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, US
| | - Ming Qu
- Division of Public Health, Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, 301 Centennial Mall South, Lincoln, NE 68509-5026, US
| | - Brandon Grimm
- Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986075 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6075, US
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984350 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4350, US
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Higher risk of gastric cancer among immigrants to Ontario: a population-based matched cohort study with over 2 million individuals. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:588-597. [PMID: 29285629 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of gastric carcinoma (GC) varies around the world and between females and males. We aimed to compare the risk of GC among immigrants to Ontario, Canada, to the risk of GC in its general population. METHODS This was a retrospective population-based matched cohort study from 1991 to 2014. We identified immigrants who were first eligible for the Ontario Health Insurance Plan at age 40 years or older, and matched 5 controls by year of birth and sex. We calculated crude rates and relative rates of GC stratified by sex. We modeled GC hazard using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, where a time-varying coefficient was incorporated to examine changes in the association of immigrant status with GC hazard over time. RESULTS Among females, 415 GC cases were identified among 209,843 immigrants and 1872 among 1,049,215 controls. Among males, 596 GC cases were identified among 191,792 immigrants and 2998 among 958,960 controls. Comparing immigrants from East Asia and Pacific with the controls, the crude relative rate of GC was 1.54 for females and 1.32 for males. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for GC among female immigrants was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 1.48] within 10 years and 1.19 (1.01, 1.40) beyond 10 years; for males, the HR was 1.17 (1.04, 1.31) within 10 years and 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) beyond 10 years. CONCLUSION The risk of GC among immigrants is elevated. Although high-risk immigrant populations in Ontario have been identified, further knowledge is required before a program of GC prevention that is targeted to them can be planned.
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Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Karbalaie Niya MH, Kheyri Z, Azizi D, Roozafzai F, Khorrami S. The Evaluation of Diagnostic and Predictive Values of Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Test in Iranian Patients with Dyspepsia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:38-44. [PMID: 29731794 PMCID: PMC5929387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Iran, as a developing country, is experiencing high burdens of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated non-communicable diseases. Hp stool antigen test (HpSA) is widely used as an inexpensive and feasible noninvasive method to diagnose Hp infection, instead of invasive approaches. The current study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic and predictive values of HpSA test for Hp infection in Iranian patients with dyspepsia. METHODS The current cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients with dyspepsia. Gastric mucosal specimens were taken, processed, and examined according to the standard protocols. Simultaneously, stool samples were obtained and sent to laboratory for further analyses. Hp stool antigen titers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS Stool antigen titers were not associated with gender (P-value=0.284), but correlated to age (r=0.213, P-value=0.034). Considering 0.385 as a cutoff point, the HpSA test had 80.4% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. CONCLUSION Based on cost-effectiveness of HpSA test, the current study findings corroborated the use of HpSA test to detect and follow-up patients with Hp infection, as an alternative method to detect Hp rather than invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahedin Kheyri
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Amiralmomenin hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Davood Azizi
- Dept. of Pathology, Amiralmomenin hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farzin Roozafzai
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khorrami
- Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding information: Samaneh Khorrami; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +982186703295; Fax: +982188622652; E-mail:
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Schilling T, Rauscher S, Menzel C, Reichenauer S, Müller-Schilling M, Schmid S, Selgrad M. Migrants and Refugees in Europe: Challenges, Experiences and Contributions. Visc Med 2017; 33:295-300. [PMID: 29034258 DOI: 10.1159/000478763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the current geopolitical situation more refugees from crisis countries were and will be treated in Europe. In 2015 the number of displaced people reached an unprecedented level, with more than one million crossing into Europe. The migration itself can impair both mental and physical health. Therefore, the provision of medical care for refugees and migrants is a novel and major challenge for the health care systems in Europe. In this article we describe our experiences and contribution in providing medical care for refugees who have newly arrived in Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. Furthermore, we report our experiences from a tertiary referral University center in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. We focus on challenges in both the outpatient and the inpatient setting, with a special focus on intensive care patients. In addition, we provide an overview about the spectrum of diseases in this specific patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schilling
- Interdisciplinary Emergency Department, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauscher
- Interdisciplinary Emergency Department, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Menzel
- Interdisciplinary Emergency Department, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Reichenauer
- Interdisciplinary Emergency Department, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Selgrad
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Abdul Rahim NR, Benson J, Grocke K, Vather D, Zimmerman J, Moody T, Mwanri L. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in newly arrived refugees attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 27717096 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the refugee population attending the Migrant Health Service, South Australia, identify demographic factors associated with infection and compare prevalence of infection in refugees with that of the nonrefugee population in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and August 2013. Monoclonal stool antigen testing for H. pylori infection is performed as part of a comprehensive health assessment for newly arrived refugees. The sample population included 922 adults and children. Outcome measures were (i) prevalence of H. pylori infection (ii) association between demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity and age, and H. pylori infection. RESULTS H. pylori infection was detected in 198 (21.5%) participants (95% CI 18.9%-24.3%). The odds of infection were lower in females OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.51-0.98) compared to males. Compared to Middle Eastern participants, the odds of infection were 1.75 (95% CI 1.17-2.62) times higher in African and 1.90 (95% CI 1.10-3.26) times higher in Burmese participants. Infection was not associated with age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION H. pylori infection is common among newly arrived refugees. The long latency of infection to development of complications and the availability of testing and relatively effective eradication regimens all add weight to a decision to screen in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill Benson
- Migrant Health Service, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Deeva Vather
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Tessa Moody
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Callander E, Topp SM, Larkins S, Sabesan S, Bates N. Quantifying Queensland patients with cancer health service usage and costs: study protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014030. [PMID: 28119391 PMCID: PMC5278294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall mortality rate for cancer has declined in Australia. However, socioeconomic inequalities exist and the out-of-pocket costs incurred by patients in Australia are high compared with some European countries. There is currently no readily available data set to provide a systematic means of measuring the out-of-pocket costs incurred by patients with cancer within Australia. The primary aim of the project is to quantify the direct out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure of individuals in the state of Queensland, who are diagnosed with cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This project will build Australia's first model (called CancerCostMod) of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure of patients with cancer using administrative data from Queensland Cancer Registry, for all individuals diagnosed with any cancer in Queensland between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012, linked to their Admitted Patient Data Collection, Emergency Department Information System, Medicare Benefits Schedule and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme records from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2015. No identifiable information will be provided to the authors. The project will use a combination of linear and logistic regression modelling, Cox proportional hazards modelling and machine learning to identify differences in survival, total health system expenditure, total out-of-pocket expenditure and high out-of-pocket cost patients, adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders, and income group, Indigenous status and geographic location. Results will be analysed separately for different types of cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Human Research Ethics approval has been obtained from the Townsville Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/16/QTHS/110) and James Cook University Human Research Ethics Committee (H6678). Permission to waive consent has been sought from Queensland Health under the Public Health Act 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Callander
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Topp
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Larkins
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sabe Sabesan
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Townsville Cancer Centre, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Bates
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Benson J, Rahim RA, Agrawal R. Newly arrived refugee children with Helicobacter pylori are thinner than their non-infected counterparts. Aust J Prim Health 2017; 23:92-96. [DOI: 10.1071/py15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that those refugee children with Helicobacter pylori are thinner than their non-infected counterparts. This cross-sectional study investigated the height and weight of newly arrived refugee children up to age 19 years, who were screened for H. pylori using a stool antigen test at the Migrant Health Service in Adelaide between August 2010 and October 2013. Of 460 children, 21% were infected with H. pylori. After adjusting for vitamin B12 and iron levels, ethnicity, age and sex, the odds of being thin in the 10- to 19-year-old age group was 4.28-fold higher (95% CI 1.48–12.4) if they were H. pylori positive compared with those who were H. pylori negative. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P=0.01). Screening and treatment for H. pylori in the general population in developed countries is not recommended unless there are symptoms such as dyspepsia or risk of peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer. Given the findings of this study, a recommendation could be made that newly arrived refugee children who are thin should be tested for H. pylori. Thinness in children may influence their cognitive ability, school performance, physical endurance and hence their ability to successfully settle into their new country.
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Gharavi MJ, Ebadi M, Fathi H, Yazdanyar Z, Setayesh Valipor N, Afrogh P, Kalantar E. Trends in the Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Fardis, Iran, 2011 - 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep.32860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wang A, Shaukat A, Acosta RD, Bruining DH, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV, Eloubeidi MA, Fanelli RD, Faulx AL, Fonkalsrud L, Gurudu SR, Kelsey LR, Khashab MA, Kothari S, Lightdale JR, Muthusamy VR, Pasha S, Saltzman JR, Yang J, Cash BD, DeWitt JM. Race and ethnicity considerations in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:593-9. [PMID: 26260384 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
During the period reviewed, prevalence studies were essentially performed in less economically advanced countries and a high prevalence was found. The traditional risk factors for Helicobacter pylori positivity were mostly found. Transmission studied by molecular typing showed a familial transmission. The eventual role of water transmission was explored in several studies with controversial results. Concerning diagnosis, most of the invasive and noninvasive methods used for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection are long standing with efficient performance. The most interesting recent improvements in H. pylori diagnosis include advances in endoscopy, developments in molecular methods, and the introduction of omics-based techniques. Interpretation of old or newer method should take into account the pretest probability and the prevalence of H. pylori in the population under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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