1
|
Little K, Singh A, Del Marco A, Llorián-Salvador M, Vargas-Soria M, Turch-Anguera M, Solé M, Bakker N, Scullion S, Comella JX, Klaassen I, Simó R, Garcia-Alloza M, Tiwari VK, Stitt AW. Disruption of cortical cell type composition and function underlies diabetes-associated cognitive decline. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1557-1575. [PMID: 37351595 PMCID: PMC10317904 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline although the pathogenic basis for this remains obscure. Deciphering diabetes-linked molecular mechanisms in cells of the cerebral cortex could uncover novel therapeutic targets. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on the cerebral cortex in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db mice) and in non-diabetic control mice in order to identify gene expression changes in distinct cell subpopulations and alterations in cell type composition. Immunohistochemistry and metabolic assessment were used to validate the findings from scRNA-seq and to investigate whether these cell-specific dysfunctions impact the neurovascular unit (NVU). Furthermore, the behavioural and cognitive alterations related to these dysfunctions in db/db mice were assessed via Morris water maze and novel object discrimination tests. Finally, results were validated in post-mortem sections and protein isolates from individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Compared with non-diabetic control mice, the db/db mice demonstrated disrupted brain function as revealed by losses in episodic and spatial memory and this occurred concomitantly with dysfunctional NVU, neuronal circuitry and cerebral atrophy. scRNA-seq of db/db mouse cerebral cortex revealed cell population changes in neurons, glia and microglia linked to functional regulatory disruption including neuronal maturation and altered metabolism. These changes were validated through immunohistochemistry and protein expression analysis not just in the db/db mouse cerebral cortex but also in post-mortem sections and protein isolates from individuals with type 2 diabetes (74.3 ± 5.5 years) compared with non-diabetic control individuals (87.0 ± 8.5 years). Furthermore, metabolic and synaptic gene disruptions were evident in cortical NVU cell populations and associated with a decrease in vascular density. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our data reveal disruption in the cellular and molecular architecture of the cerebral cortex induced by diabetes, which can explain, at least in part, the basis for progressive cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The single-cell sequencing data that supports this study are available at GEO accession GSE217665 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE217665 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karis Little
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aditi Singh
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Angel Del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - María Llorián-Salvador
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mireia Turch-Anguera
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED - ISCII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED - ISCII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noëlle Bakker
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Scullion
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Joan X Comella
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED - ISCII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rafael Simó
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), Odense M, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Alan W Stitt
- The Wellcome‑Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan N, Wang S, Gao H, Chen J, Cao J, Wei P, Li X, Yu Y, Wang Y, Niu Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Jin G. Neuroprotective effect of aloe emodin against Huntington's disease-like symptoms in R6/1 transgenic mice. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37191091 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aloe emodin is a natural anthraquinone derived from aloe or rhubarb, showing anti-renal fibrosis, anti-atherosclerosis and anti-cancer effects. Aloe emodin also shows neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke rats. Naturally, anthraquinone derivatives generally have the effect of inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway. There is an increase in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and TGF-β1 levels in both Huntington's disease (HD) patients' brains and HD transgenic mice. Thus, we hypothesized that aloe emodin may inhibit the phosphorylation of CaMKII (p-CaMKII) and TGF-β1/sma- and mad-related protein (Smad) signaling in the brain, further preventing motor and cognitive dysfunction. Aloe emodin was orally administered to 10- to 20-week-old HD R6/1 transgenic mice. Aloe emodin improved the motor coordination of R6/1 transgenic mice in the rotarod test and attenuated visual recognition impairment in the novel object recognition test. Aloe emodin downregulated levels of the mutant huntingtin protein, p-CaMKII and TGF-β1, but not the TGF-β2 or TGF-β3 levels, in the brains of R6/1 mice. Aloe emodin could also inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Altogether, these results indicated that aloe emodin prevents several HD-like symptoms through the inhibition of CaMKII/Smad and TGF-β1/Smad signaling in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Gao
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
| | - Pengsheng Wei
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, Shenyang, 110171, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Niu
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-hakeim HK, Al-raheem Twaij BA, Al-naqeeb TH, Moustafa SR, Maes M. Neuronal damage and inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the affective and chronic fatigue-like symptoms due to end-stage renal disease.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.23289492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundMany biochemical, immunological, and neuropsychiatric changes are associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Neuronal damage biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA1), and myelin basic protein (MBP) are among the less-studied biomarkers of ESRD.AimWe examined the associations between these neuro-axis biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers, e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL-6), IL-10, and zinc, copper, and neuropsychiatric symptoms due to ERSD.MethodsELISA techniques were used to measure serum levels of neuronal damage biomarkers in 70 ESRD patients, and 46 healthy controls.ResultsESRD patients have higher scores of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and physiosomatic symptoms than healthy controls. Aberrations in kidney function tests and the number of dialysis interventions are associated with the severity of depression, anxiety, fibro-fatigue and physiosomatic symptoms, peripheral inflammation, nestin, and NFL. Serum levels of neuronal damage biomarkers (NFL, MBP, and nestin), CRP, and interleukin (IL)-10 are elevated, and serum zinc is decreased in ESRD patients as compared with controls. The neuronal damage biomarkers NFL, nestin, S100B and MBP are associated with the severity of one or more neuropsychiatric symptom domains. Around 50% of the variance in the neuropsychiatric symptoms is explained by NFL, nestin, S00B, copper, and an inflammatory index.ConclusionsThe severity of renal dysfunction and/or the number of dialysis interventions may induce peripheral inflammation and, consequently, neurotoxicity to intermediate filament proteins, astrocytes, and the blood-brain barrier, leading to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of ESRD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Maes M, Thisayakorn P, Thipakorn Y, Tantavisut S, Sirivichayakul S, Vojdani A. Reactivity to neural tissue epitopes, aquaporin 4 and heat shock protein 60 is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and the onset of delirium following hip fracture surgery. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:99-112. [PMID: 36520371 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and a deficiency in the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), neuronal injuries, and alterations in the glutamate receptor (GlutaR), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are involved in delirium. Increased serum levels of neurofilament protein (NFP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) are biomarkers of neuronal injury. This investigation delineates whether elevated IgA/IgG reactivity against those self-antigens is associated with delirium severity and IRS activation. METHODS We measured peak Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) scores on days 2 and 3 following surgery in 59 hip fractured older adults, and IgA and IgG antibody levels against MBP, NFP, GFAP and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluRs 1 and 5, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) GLU1 (NR1) and GLU2 (NR2), APQ4 and HSP60. RESULTS The IgA antibody levels against those self-antigens, especially GFAP, MBP and HSP60, strongly predict peak DRS scores on days 2 and 3 post-surgery. IgA reactivity against NMDAR and baseline DRS scores explained 40.6% of the variance in peak DRS scores, while IgA against NMDAR, IgG against MBP and age explained 29.1% of the variance in the IRS/CIRS ratio. There was no correlation between DRS scores and IgG directed against other self-antigens. CONCLUSIONS Increased IgA levels against neuronal self-antigens, AQP4 and HSP60 are risk factors for delirium. Polyreactive antibody-associated breakdown of immune tolerance, IRS activation and injuries in the neuronal cytoskeleton, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, glial cells, and myelin sheath are involved in the pathophysiology of delirium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Paul Thisayakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hip Fracture Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saran Tantavisut
- Department of Orthopedics, Hip Fracture Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab. Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cyrex Labs LLC, Phoeniz, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ning L, Geng Y, Lovett-Barron M, Niu X, Deng M, Wang L, Ataie N, Sens A, Ng HL, Chen S, Deisseroth K, Lin MZ, Chu J. A Bright, Nontoxic, and Non-aggregating red Fluorescent Protein for Long-Term Labeling of Fine Structures in Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893468. [PMID: 35846353 PMCID: PMC9278655 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red fluorescent proteins are useful as morphological markers in neurons, often complementing green fluorescent protein-based probes of neuronal activity. However, commonly used red fluorescent proteins show aggregation and toxicity in neurons or are dim. We report the engineering of a bright red fluorescent protein, Crimson, that enables long-term morphological labeling of neurons without aggregation or toxicity. Crimson is similar to mCherry and mKate2 in fluorescence spectra but is 100 and 28% greater in molecular brightness, respectively. We used a membrane-localized Crimson-CAAX to label thin neurites, dendritic spines and filopodia, enhancing detection of these small structures compared to cytosolic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ning
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yang Geng
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaoman Niu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology and Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, and CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology and Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, and CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Niloufar Ataie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Alex Sens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ho-Leung Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jun Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology and Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, and CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamid OIA, Domouky AM, El-Fakharany YM. Molecular evidence of the amelioration of toluene induced encephalopathy by human breast milk mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9194. [PMID: 35654991 PMCID: PMC9163168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Toluene was widely used volatile organic compound that accumulates in tissues with high lipid content. Stem cells have been proposed as an increasingly attractive approach for repair of damaged nervous system, we aimed to evaluate the ability of breast milk mesenchymal stem cells (MSc) to ameliorate toluene-induced encephalopathy. Sixty adult male albino rats were assigned to 3 groups, control, toluene, and toluene/breast milk-MSc. Neurological assessment was evaluated as well as serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue dopamine and oxidative markers. Gene expression of peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated. Moreover, histological and immunohistochemical investigation were done. Results revealed that toluene caused cerebral injury, as evidenced by a significant increase in serum GFAP, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), a significant decrease in serum NGF, tissue dopamine and oxidative markers, besides, a non-significant change in VEGF. Toluene also caused changes in normal cerebral structure and cellular degeneration, including a significant decrease in the total number of neurons and thickness of frontal cortex. Meninges showing signs of inflammation with inflammatory cell infiltration and exudation, a significant decrease in MBP immunoreactivity, and increase in the percent of high motility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) positive cells. PPAR- ɣ, NF-kB, and IL-6 gene expression were all considerably elevated by toluene. These changes were greatly improved by breast milk MSc. Therefore, we conclude that breast milk MSc can attenuate toluene-induced encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Domouky
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Yara M El-Fakharany
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cruz-Méndez JS, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Céspedes-Rubio ÁE, Rondón-Barragán IS. Molecular characterization of myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:8. [PMID: 35024999 PMCID: PMC8758815 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the most important structural components of the myelin sheaths in both central and peripheral nervous systems. MBP has several functions including organization of the myelin membranes, reorganization of the cytoskeleton during the myelination process, and interaction with the SH3 domain in signaling pathways. Likewise, MBP has been proposed as a marker of demyelination in traumatic brain injury and chemical exposure. Methods The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from the Colombian native fish, red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify the phylogenetic relationships, physicochemical characteristics, exons, intrinsically disordered regions, and conserved domains of the protein. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR in three models corresponding to sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure, acute brain injury, and anesthesia experiments. Results mbpa complete open reading frame was identified with 414 nucleotides distributed in 7 exons that encode 137 amino acids. MBPa was recognized as belonging to the myelin basic protein family, closely related with orthologous proteins, and two intrinsically disordered regions were established within the sequence. Gene expression of mbpa was upregulated in the optic chiasm of the chlorpyrifos exposed fish in contrast to the control group. Conclusions The physicochemical computed features agree with the biological functions of MBP, and basal gene expression was according to the anatomical distribution in the tissues analyzed. This study is the first molecular characterization of mbpa from the native species Piaractus brachypomus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cruz-Méndez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Ángel Enrique Céspedes-Rubio
- Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, 730006299, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mirzaii-Dizgah MH, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Serum and Saliva Myelin Basic Protein as Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:309-314. [PMID: 34917290 PMCID: PMC8666920 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.950.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is presented with motor and sensory function loss. It is caused by demyelination and following axonal lesion. As Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is one of the key elements of the myelin cover, we examined the level of MBP in serum, stimulated, and unstimulated saliva as a suitable biomarker for detecting MS. Methods: A case-control study was performed in 29 healthy women and 32 definitive relapsing-remitting MS patients hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, Tehran, Iran. MBP level was assayed in serum and stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva. Results: MBP was expressed at a lower level in serum and stimulated saliva of MS patients compared to the control group. The serum MBP level had a considerable correlation with its stimulated saliva level. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant diagnostic ability for MBP to discriminate MS patients with serum and stimulated saliva from controls. Conclusion: Serum and saliva level of MBP is lower in MS, so it may be considered a potential biomarker in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ammendolia DA, Bement WM, Brumell JH. Plasma membrane integrity: implications for health and disease. BMC Biol 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33849525 PMCID: PMC8042475 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane integrity is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vivo, cells experience plasma membrane damage from a multitude of stressors in the extra- and intra-cellular environment. To avoid lethal consequences, cells are equipped with repair pathways to restore membrane integrity. Here, we assess plasma membrane damage and repair from a whole-body perspective. We highlight the role of tissue-specific stressors in health and disease and examine membrane repair pathways across diverse cell types. Furthermore, we outline the impact of genetic and environmental factors on plasma membrane integrity and how these contribute to disease pathogenesis in different tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin A Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ved R, Sharouf F, Harari B, Muzaffar M, Manivannan S, Ormonde C, Gray WP, Zaben M. Disulfide HMGB1 acts via TLR2/4 receptors to reduce the numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic injury in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6181. [PMID: 33731757 PMCID: PMC7971069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poor clinical outcomes; autopsy studies of TBI victims demonstrate significant oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) death post TBI; an observation, which may explain the lack of meaningful repair of injured axons. Whilst high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and its key receptors TLR2/4 are identified as key initiators of neuroinflammation post-TBI, they have been identified as attractive targets for development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve post-TBI clinical outcomes. In this report we establish unequivocal evidence that HMGB1 released in vitro impairs OPC response to mechanical injury; an effect that is pharmacologically reversible. We show that needle scratch injury hyper-acutely induced microglial HMGB1 nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and subsequent release into culture medium. Application of injury-conditioned media resulted in significant decreases in OPC number through anti-proliferative effects. This effect was reversed by co-treatment with the TLR2/4 receptor antagonist BoxA. Furthermore, whilst injury conditioned medium drove OPCs towards an activated reactive morphology, this was also abolished after BoxA co-treatment. We conclude that HMGB1, through TLR2/4 dependant mechanisms, may be detrimental to OPC proliferation following injury in vitro, negatively affecting the potential for restoring a mature oligodendrocyte population, and subsequent axonal remyelination. Further study is required to assess how HMGB1-TLR signalling influences OPC maturation and myelination capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ved
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - F Sharouf
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - B Harari
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M Muzaffar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - S Manivannan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C Ormonde
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - W P Gray
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Haydn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Inflammation but not programmed cell death is activated in methamphetamine-dependent patients: Relevance to the brain function. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 157:42-50. [PMID: 32976886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that methamphetamine (MA) induces neurodegeneration through programmed cell death, however, the effects of MA on human brain and the extent of induced neural degeneration is not well understood. Given that the dose and duration of MA administration differ in animals and humans, we evaluated MA effects on active users considering brain damage mechanisms. Nineteen active MA-dependent patients and 18 healthy controls performed the color-word Stroop task, during fMRI and their blood samples were collected. Human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and quantitative PCR were applied to measure circulating proteins and miRNAs involved in various programmed cell death pathways (apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy), brain damage and neuroinflammation. Results showed the performance deficit in color-word Stroop task in MA abusers as well as higher activations of the right inferior and middle temporal gyri detected by fMRI. Structural MRI revealed increased white matter volume in MA-dependent patients in the superior and medial frontal gyri, and left/right middle temporal gyrus. Molecular analyses detected no significant differences in the plasma levels of the studied proteins and miRNAs of MA-dependent patients and controls except the higher levels of MBP, S100B, and TNFα in MA abusers. Results showed that MA induced physiological and structural changes accompanied by inflammation and release of damage-associated molecules in MA-dependent patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shibahara T, Ago T, Tachibana M, Nakamura K, Yamanaka K, Kuroda J, Wakisaka Y, Kitazono T. Reciprocal Interaction Between Pericytes and Macrophage in Poststroke Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery. Stroke 2020; 51:3095-3106. [PMID: 32933419 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Poststroke tissue repair, comprised of macrophage-mediated clearance of myelin debris and pericyte-mediated fibrotic response within the infarct area, is an important process for functional recovery. Herein, we investigated the reciprocal interaction between pericytes and macrophages during poststroke repair and functional recovery. METHODS We performed a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in both wild-type and pericyte-deficient PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β) heterozygous knockout (Pdgfrb+/-) mice and compared histological changes and neurological functions between the 2 groups. We also examined the effects of conditioned medium harvested from cultured pericytes, or bone marrow-derived macrophages, on the functions of other cell types. RESULTS Localization of PDGFRβ-positive pericytes and F4/80-positive macrophages was temporally and spatially very similar following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Intrainfarct accumulation of macrophages was significantly attenuated in Pdgfrb+/- mice. Intrainfarct pericytes expressed CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2) and CSF1 (colony stimulating factor 1), both of which were significantly lower in Pdgfrb+/- mice. Cultured pericytes expressed Ccl2 and Csf1, both of which were significantly increased by PDGF-BB and suppressed by a PDGFRβ inhibitor. Pericyte conditioned medium significantly enhanced migration and proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Poststroke clearance of myelin debris was significantly attenuated in Pdgfrb+/- mice. Pericyte conditioned medium promoted phagocytic activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages, also enhancing both STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation and expression of scavenger receptors, Msr1 and Lrp1. Macrophages processing myelin debris produced trophic factors, enhancing PDGFRβ signaling in pericytes leading to the production of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins and oligodendrogenesis. Functional recovery was significantly attenuated in Pdgfrb+/- mice, parallel with the extent of tissue repair. CONCLUSIONS A reciprocal interaction between pericytes and macrophages is important for poststroke tissue repair and functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Shibahara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Masaki Tachibana
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kei Yamanaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
CSF levels of myelin basic protein in pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:48-55. [PMID: 32425679 PMCID: PMC7226547 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydrocephalus is a common disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in the pediatric population. Surgical treatment options involve ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement. VPS infection is the most common complication of surgically treated hydrocephalus in pediatric patients [1, 2],which may lead to neuronal damage. Myelin basic protein (MBP) has been proposed as a marker of neuronal injury in a variety of contexts, and MBP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be used to assess the severity of neuronal damage [1, 3, 4]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the CSF level of myelin basic protein (MBP) in a group of pediatric patients with VPS infection. Material and methods Thirty CSF samples were collected from pediatric patients with VPS infection. CSF levels of MBP were measured at three time points, marked by contamination detection, obtention of the first sterile CSF culture, and VPS shunt implantation. The collected data were compared with those of the control group composed of children with active congenital hydrocephalus and valid CSF values. Results The MBP level in the study group was higher than the corresponding control values in the second and third measurements. The highest MBP level was reached in the study group in the second and third measurements. Conclusions The lack of normalization of MBP level in the CSF of children with shunt infection could be connected with ongoing brain damage. It takes longer than the normalization of CSF protein level and pleocytosis. The delay is associated with a prolonged reaction of the immunological system.
Collapse
|
14
|
Interaction of the cryptic fragment of myelin basic protein with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 affects cell energy metabolism. Biochem J 2018; 475:2355-2376. [PMID: 29954845 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In demyelinating nervous system disorders, myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of the myelin sheath, is proteolyzed and its fragments are released in the neural environment. Here, we demonstrated that, in contrast with MBP, the cellular uptake of the cryptic 84-104 epitope (MBP84-104) did not involve the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, a scavenger receptor. Our pull-down assay, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling studies suggested that, similar with many other unfolded and aberrant proteins and peptides, the internalized MBP84-104 was capable of binding to the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1 (VDAC-1), a mitochondrial porin. Molecular modeling suggested that MBP84-104 directly binds to the N-terminal α-helix located midway inside the 19 β-blade barrel of VDAC-1. These interactions may have affected the mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in multiple cell types. Notably, MBP84-104 caused neither cell apoptosis nor affected the total cellular ATP levels, but repressed the aerobic glycolysis (lactic acid fermentation) and decreased the l-lactate/d-glucose ratio (also termed as the Warburg effect) in normal and cancer cells. Overall, our findings implied that because of its interactions with VDAC-1, the cryptic MBP84-104 peptide invoked reprogramming of the cellular energy metabolism that favored enhanced cellular activity, rather than apoptotic cell death. We concluded that the released MBP84-104 peptide, internalized by the cells, contributes to the reprogramming of the energy-generating pathways in multiple cell types.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ujcikova H, Vosahlikova M, Roubalova L, Svoboda P. Proteomic analysis of protein composition of rat forebrain cortex exposed to morphine for 10 days; comparison with animals exposed to morphine and subsequently nurtured for 20 days in the absence of this drug. J Proteomics 2016; 145:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
16
|
Ko JS, Eddinger KA, Angert M, Chernov AV, Dolkas J, Strongin AY, Yaksh TL, Shubayev VI. Spinal activity of interleukin 6 mediates myelin basic protein-induced allodynia. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:378-89. [PMID: 26970355 PMCID: PMC4917441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory fibers are enveloped by myelin, a unique multilamellar membrane permitting saltatory neuronal conduction. Damage to myelin is thought to contribute to severe pain evoked by innocuous tactile stimulation (i.e., mechanical allodynia). Our earlier (Liu et al., 2012) and present data demonstrate that a single injection of a myelin basic protein-derived peptide (MBP84-104) into an intact sciatic nerve produces a robust and long-lasting (>30days) mechanical allodynia in female rats. The MBP84-104 peptide represents the immunodominant epitope and requires T cells to maintain allodynia. Surprisingly, only systemic gabapentin (a ligand of voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1), but not ketorolac (COX inhibitor), lidocaine (sodium channel blocker) or MK801 (NMDA antagonist) reverse allodynia induced by the intrasciatic MBP84-104. The genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the sciatic nerve followed by the bioinformatics analyses of the expression changes identified interleukin (IL)-6 as the major cytokine induced by MBP84-104 in both the control and athymic T cell-deficient nude rats. The intrasciatic MBP84-104 injection resulted in both unilateral allodynia and unilateral IL-6 increase the segmental spinal cord (neurons and astrocytes). An intrathecal delivery of a function-blocking IL-6 antibody reduced the allodynia in part by the transcriptional effects in large-diameter primary afferents in DRG. Our data suggest that MBP regulates IL-6 expression in the nervous system and that the spinal IL-6 activity mediates nociceptive processing stimulated by the MBP epitopes released after damage or disease of the somatosensory nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelly A. Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrei V. Chernov
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Dolkas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alex Y. Strongin
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA,Corresponding Author: Veronica I. Shubayev, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0629. Phone: (858) 534-5278; Fax: (858) 534-1445;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo L, Rolfe AJ, Wang X, Tai W, Cheng Z, Cao K, Chen X, Xu Y, Sun D, Li J, He X, Young W, Fan J, Ren Y. Rescuing macrophage normal function in spinal cord injury with embryonic stem cell conditioned media. Mol Brain 2016; 9:48. [PMID: 27153974 PMCID: PMC4858887 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory responses involved with spinal cord injury (SCI). We have previously demonstrated that infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) engulf myelin debris, forming myelin-laden macrophages (mye-Mϕ). These mye-Mϕ promote disease progression through their pro-inflammatory phenotype, enhanced neurotoxicity, and impaired phagocytic capacity for apoptotic cells. We thus hypothesize that the excessive accumulation of mye-Mϕ is the root of secondary injury, and that targeting mye-Mϕ represents an efficient strategy to improve the local inflammatory microenvironment in injured spinal cords and to further motor neuron function recovery. In this study, we administer murine embryonic stem cell conditioned media (ESC-M) as a cell-free stem cell based therapy to treat a mouse model of SCI. Results We showed that BMDMs, but not microglial cells, engulf myelin debris generated at the injury site. Phagocytosis of myelin debris leads to the formation of mye-Mϕ in the injured spinal cord, which are surrounded by activated microglia cells. These mye-Mϕ are pro-inflammatory and lose the normal macrophage phagocytic capacity for apoptotic cells. We therefore focus on how to trigger lipid efflux from mye-Mϕ and thus restore their function. Using ESC-M as an immune modulating treatment for inflammatory damage after SCI, we rescued mye-Mϕ function and improved functional locomotor recovery. ESC-M treatment on mye-Mϕ resulted in improved exocytosis of internalized lipids and a normal capacity for apoptotic cell phagocytosis. Furthermore, when ESC-M was administered intraperitoneally after SCI, animals exhibited significant improvements in locomotor recovery. Examination of spinal cords of the ESC-M treated mice revealed similar improvements in macrophage function as well as a shift towards a more anti-inflammatory environment at the lesion and parenchyma. Conclusions The embryonic stem cell conditioned media can be used as an effective treatment for SCI to resolve inflammation and improve functional recovery while circumventing the complications involved in whole cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, 710004, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, 1115 West Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alyssa J Rolfe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, 1115 West Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Wenjiao Tai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, 1115 West Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, 710004, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, 1115 West Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, 710004, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, 710004, China
| | - Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jianqing Fan
- Statistical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, 1115 West Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. .,Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matías-Guiu JA, Oreja-Guevara C, Cabrera-Martín MN, Moreno-Ramos T, Carreras JL, Matías-Guiu J. Amyloid Proteins and Their Role in Multiple Sclerosis. Considerations in the Use of Amyloid-PET Imaging. Front Neurol 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 27065425 PMCID: PMC4814935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioflavin T derivatives are used in positron-emission tomography (PET) studies to detect amyloid protein deposits in patients with Alzheimer disease. These tracers bind extensively to white matter, which suggests that they may be useful in studies of multiple sclerosis (MS), and that proteins resulting from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) may contribute to MS. This article reviews data from both clinical and preclinical studies addressing the role of these proteins, whether they are detected in CSF studies or using PET imaging. APP is widely expressed in demyelinated axons and may have a protective effect in MS and in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in animals. Several mechanisms associated with this increased expression may affect the degree of remyelination in MS. Amyloid-PET imaging may help determine the degree of demyelination and provide information on the molecular changes linked to APP proteolytic processing experienced by patients with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Celia Oreja-Guevara
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Nieves Cabrera-Martín
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Teresa Moreno-Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Luis Carreras
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Promote Synapse Formation and Neurite Outgrowth via Thrombospondin Family Proteins. J Neurosci 2016; 35:15649-65. [PMID: 26609158 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1364-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell therapy demonstrates great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTCs) were previously shown to have protective and regenerative effects in animal models of stroke and retinal degeneration, but the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are unknown. Because synaptic dysfunction, synapse loss, degeneration of neuronal processes, and neuronal death are hallmarks of neurological diseases and retinal degenerations, we tested whether hUTCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by stimulating synapse formation, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal survival. To do so, we used a purified rat retinal ganglion cell culture system and found that hUTCs secrete factors that strongly promote excitatory synaptic connectivity and enhance neuronal survival. Additionally, we demonstrated that hUTCs support neurite outgrowth under normal culture conditions and in the presence of the growth-inhibitory proteins chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin basic protein, or Nogo-A (reticulon 4). Furthermore, through biochemical fractionation and pharmacology, we identified the major hUTC-secreted synaptogenic factors as the thrombospondin family proteins (TSPs), TSP1, TSP2, and TSP4. Silencing TSP expression in hUTCs, using small RNA interference, eliminated both the synaptogenic function of these cells and their ability to promote neurite outgrowth. However, the majority of the prosurvival functions of hUTC-conditioned media was spared after TSP knockdown, indicating that hUTCs secrete additional neurotrophic factors. Together, our findings demonstrate that hUTCs affect multiple aspects of neuronal health and connectivity through secreted factors, and each of these paracrine effects may individually contribute to the therapeutic function of these cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. These cells show great promise for the treatment of neurological disorders; however, the therapeutic effects of these cells on CNS neurons are not fully understood. Here we provide compelling evidence that hUTCs secrete multiple factors that work synergistically to enhance synapse formation and function, and support neuronal growth and survival. Moreover, we identified thrombospondins (TSPs) as the hUTC-secreted factors that mediate the synaptogenic and growth-promoting functions of these cells. Our findings highlight novel paracrine effects of hUTC on CNS neuron health and connectivity and begin to unravel potential therapeutic mechanisms by which these cells elicit their effects.
Collapse
|
20
|
Frid K, Einstein O, Friedman-Levi Y, Binyamin O, Ben-Hur T, Gabizon R. Aggregation of MBP in chronic demyelination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:711-21. [PMID: 26273684 PMCID: PMC4531054 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Misfolding of key disease proteins to an insoluble state is associated with most neurodegenerative conditions, such as prion, Parkinson, and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this work, and by studying animal models of multiple sclerosis, we asked whether this is also the case for myelin basic protein (MBP) in the late and neurodegenerative phases of demyelinating diseases. Methods To this effect, we tested whether MBP, an essential myelin component, present prion-like properties in animal models of MS, as is the case for Cuprizone-induced chronic demyelination or chronic phases of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results We show here that while total levels of MBP were not reduced following extensive demyelination, part of these molecules accumulated thereafter as aggregates inside oligodendrocytes or around neuronal cells. In chronic EAE, MBP precipitated concomitantly with Tau, a marker of diverse neurodegenerative conditions, including MS. Most important, analysis of fractions from Triton X-100 floatation gradients suggest that the lipid composition of brain membranes in chronic EAE differs significantly from that of naïve mice, an effect which may relate to oxidative insults and subsequently prevent the appropriate insertion and compaction of new MBP in the myelin sheath, thereby causing its misfolding and aggregation. Interpretation Prion-like aggregation of MBP following chronic demyelination may result from an aberrant lipid composition accompanying this pathological status. Such aggregation of MBP may contribute to neuronal damage that occurs in the progressive phase of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Yael Friedman-Levi
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| |
Collapse
|