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Valdelvira R, Costa J, Crespo JF, Cabanillas B. Major peanut allergens are quickly released from peanuts when seeds are hydrated under specific conditions. Food Chem 2024; 437:137901. [PMID: 37922800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergens release from their biological source is a critical step in allergic sensitization. We sought to investigate in vitro the role of hydration at 1:10 w/v without stirring and 1:5 w/v with and without stirring on the release of major and minor allergens from peanut kernels. We hypothesized that hydration plays a pivotal role in peanut allergens release, affecting major allergens predominantly, and that peanut-water ratio and stirring influence allergen diffusion. We found that major peanut allergen Ara h 1 was quickly released during hydration leading to a decrease in its content in the seed particularly at hydration performed at 1:5 w/v with stirring. Ara h 2 remained more preserved in the hydrated seed, while Ara h 3 showed no content decrease despite its important release into the hydration water. Minor allergens Ara h 8 and Ara h 9 have lower abundance in peanut leading to a reduction of their content in the seed after their diffusion into the water during hydration. The results also demonstrated that a higher seed-to-water ratio (1:5 w/v) and stirring had a more pronounced impact on allergen release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Valdelvira
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesus F Crespo
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Raith M, Swoboda I. Birch pollen-The unpleasant herald of spring. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1181675. [PMID: 37255542 PMCID: PMC10225653 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1181675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I respiratory allergies to birch pollen and pollen from related trees of the order Fagales are increasing in industrialized countries, especially in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, but the reasons for this increase are still debated and seem to be multifaceted. While the most important allergenic molecules of birch pollen have been identified and characterized, the contribution of other pollen components, such as lipids, non-allergenic immunomodulatory proteins, or the pollen microbiome, to the development of allergic reactions are sparsely known. Furthermore, what also needs to be considered is that pollen is exposed to external influences which can alter its allergenicity. These external influences include environmental factors such as gaseous pollutants like ozone or nitrogen oxides or particulate air pollutants, but also meteorological events like changes in temperature, humidity, or precipitation. In this review, we look at the birch pollen from different angles and summarize current knowledge on internal and external influences that have an impact on the allergenicity of birch pollen and its interactions with the epithelial barrier. We focus on epithelial cells since these cells are the first line of defense in respiratory disease and are increasingly considered to be a regulatory tissue for the protection against the development of respiratory allergies.
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3
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Valdelvira R, Garcia-Medina G, Crespo JF, Cabanillas B. Novel alimentary pasta made of chickpeas has an important allergenic content that is altered by boiling in a different manner than chickpea seeds. Food Chem 2022; 395:133586. [PMID: 35779505 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Alimentary pasta made of chickpeas has been recently introduced in the market. The novelty and presentation of this food can have a confounding effect on chickpea allergic patients and can pose a risk to them. The allergenic content of novel alimentary chickpea pasta in comparison with regular chickpea seeds has not been analyzed so far. Protein extracts were obtained, and the allergenic content was analyzed with sera from chickpea allergic patients and antibodies against major allergens by western blot, ELISA, dot blot, and cellular assays. Alimentary chickpea pasta showed an important content in IgE-binding proteins and chickpea allergens: 7S globulin, 2S albumin, LTP, and PR-10, similar to hydrated and boiled chickpea seeds. During boiling, more allergens from alimentary chickpea pasta were transferred to the boiling water than chickpea seeds. Novel alimentary chickpea pasta retains an important allergenic content which is affected by boiling by transferring allergens to the cooking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Valdelvira
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Medina
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus F Crespo
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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Sharma S, Vashisht S, Gaur SN, Lavasa S, Arora N. Identification of B cell epitopes of Per a 5 allergen using bioinformatic approach. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152146. [PMID: 34717182 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune epitopes of allergens are pivotal for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Present study aims to identify antigenic determinants of Per a 5, a clinically relevant cross reactive cockroach allergen. METHODS The three dimensional structure of Per a 5 was modelled using Modeller 9v11 software. A combination of sequence and structure based computational tools were employed for predicting B cell epitopes. Epitopes were synthesized and immunoreactivity was assessed by ELISA using cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera. Cross-reactivity potential of predicted epitopes was assessed with SDAP and ConSurf and validated by IgE ELISA with fungal and mite hypersensitive patient's sera. RESULTS Per a 5 structure exhibited good quality factor in ERRAT and high stereochemical stability. In silico analysis revealed six B cell epitopes (BC-P1 to P6). BC-P3 demonstrated significant IgE binding followed by BC-P2 and BC-P1 with cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera. Per a 5 epitopes demonstrate considerable similarity with broad spectrum of allergens from fungal, mites, helminths, fruits and nuts. Analysis of PD values indicate BC-P4 to be well conserved among dust mite and helminth GSTs (8.89, 10.63 and 10.69 with D. pteronyssinus, W. bancrofti and F. hepatica respectively). ConSurf analysis of Per a 5 revealed specific enrichment of evolutionarily similar amino acid residues in BC-P2 (with fungal and mite GSTs) and BC-P4 (with mite and helminth GSTs). Further, IgE binding analysis of epitopes demonstrate BC-P2, BC-P3 and BC-P5 as high IgE binders in fungal hypersensitive sera while BC-P1, BC-P2, BC-P4 and BC-P5 demonstrated significant IgE binding with mite hypersensitive sera. CONCLUSIONS Among the predicted epitopes, BC-P3 demonstrates maximal IgE binding ability. Computational analysis suggests strong evolutionary conservation and cross reactive potential of BC-P4 with allergens in dust mite and helminths. ELISA highlights predictive potential of analysing evolutionarily conserved residues for uncovering potentially cross reactive antigenic determinants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Immune epitopes of Per a 5 were identified for aiding molecular diagnosis and potential cross reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - Srishti Vashisht
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - S N Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
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Jeong KY, Lee J, Sang MK, Lee YS, Park KH, Lee JH, Park JW. Sensitization profile to sawtooth oak component allergens and their clinical implications. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23825. [PMID: 34002418 PMCID: PMC8274986 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The component allergens from sawtooth oak, which is a main cause of tree pollinosis in Korea, have not been extensively characterized except Que ac 1. This study was undertaken to characterize the allergenic components from sawtooth oak pollen and investigate the diagnostic values of each component allergen. METHODS Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify the birch pollen allergen homologues from sawtooth oak pollen. Recombinant Que ac 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 were produced in an E. coli expression system. IgE reactivity to each allergen was examined by ImmunoCAP and ELISA using the sera of 50 Korean tree pollinosis patients. RESULTS Six birch pollen allergen homologues were identified using transcriptome analysis, as follows: Que ac 1 (54.8% identity to Bet v 1), Que ac 2 (79.7% to Bet v 2), Que ac 3 (24.9% to Bet v 3), 6 (71.3% to Bet v 6), Que ac 7 (80.9% to Bet v 7), and Que ac 8 (78.9% to Bet v 8). Que ac 1 sIgE was the most frequently recognized (84.0%), followed by Que ac 2 (12.0%), Que ac 3 (6.0%), and three other allergens (2.0% each). Que ac 1 was a dominant allergen affecting 83.7% of patients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and 92.9% of pollen food allergy syndrome patients. CONCLUSION Five novel IgE reactive components of sawtooth oak were characterized using transcriptome analysis. Que ac 1 is the single most important component allergen of sawtooth oak pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Sang
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sharma S, Arora B, Gaur SN, Arora N. Bioinformatic and immunological investigation of Per a 5 (delta class GST) allergen from Periplaneta americana. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:93-101. [PMID: 33556711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GSTs are multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular detoxification and present as potent allergens in several sources. Present study investigates allergenic relevance of GST from P. americana and determine its cross reactive potential with other indoor allergen sources. METHODS Computational analysis with FASTA and ConSurf webserver was performed to determine potentially cross reactive allergens. Further, Per a 5 gene was cloned in pET 22b+ vector and expressed in E.coli BL21 cells and the rPer a 5 protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Enzymatic activity of rPer a 5 was assessed using CDNB and cumene hydroperoxide. ELISA and immunoblot were performed using cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera. Functional activity of rPer a 5 was evaluated by basophil activation test. Inhibition studies were carried out with D. pteronyssinus, A. alternata and C. lunata extracts. RESULTS Per a 5 demonstrates highest sequence similarity with delta class GST of Blattella germanica (94.9%). It also exhibits significant sequence similarity (50-58%) with mite, fungal and helminth allergenic GSTs. ConSurf analysis reveals high degree of evolutionary similarity in N terminal region of Per a 5, especially at GST dimerization interface. The purified rPer a 5 protein resolved at 27 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The rPer a 5 protein exhibits GST activity and possess upto 65% immunoreactivity with cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera in ELISA and immunoblot. It upregulates expression of CD203c on basophils signifying its biological ability to activate effector cells. rPer a 5 significantly inhibits corresponding GSTs in P. americana, D. pteronyssinus, A. alternata and C. lunata with EC50 values of 15.5 ng. 38.38 ng, 41.4 ng and 61.66 ng, respectively. CONCLUSION Recombinant delta class GST of P. americana is a clinically relevant allergen showing upto 65% immunoreactivity with hypersensitive patient's sera. Per a 5 GST allergen showed phylogenetic similarity with dust mite, fungal and birch allergens thereby demonstrating allergen cross reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - Bharti Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - S N Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India.
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Fernández-González M, Álvarez-López S, González-Fernández E, Jesús Aira M, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ. Cross-reactivity between the Betulaceae family and fallout in the real atmospheric aeroallergen load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136861. [PMID: 32040996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Betulaceae family is a dominant tree pollen type in the atmosphere at Northwest Spain, being a major cause of allergenic rhinitis or asthma symptoms. Alnus pollen cause symptoms in the 9-20% of the total hay fever sufferers mean while the 41.89% of patients present a positive skin-prick-test for Betula allergens. Aln g1 and Bet v1 aeroallergens belong to PR-10 protein family and are associated to cross-reactivity processes. Airborne pollen and aeroallergens from Alnus and Betula were sampled during their Main Pollen Season from 2016 to 2019. Pollen sampling was conducted by means of a Hirst volumetric trap and aeroallergens were sampled using a Multi Vial Cyclone Sampler. Alnus flowering took place from January to February, with an average duration of 44 days. Betula bloom occurred from April to May with an average pollen season of 33 days. The major innovation of our study was the first detection of Aln g1 allergens in the atmosphere by using Bet v1 antibodies. This fact verified the cross-reactivity between the main allergens of Betula and Alnus pollen. Along the study period, an average of 18 days/year and 14 days/year with high potential risk of allergy due to Alnus pollen and allergen respectively, was registered. For Betula an average of 16 days/year with high potential risk of allergy due to pollen and 22 days for allergen was registered. The main consequence of the successive bloom of both trees would be the so-called "priming effect". Urban population sensitized to Betula pollen could suffer allergic symptoms during winter (as a consequence of Alnus), and in spring with the manifestation of higher symptoms under low birch pollen grain levels in the atmosphere. The traditional information to prevent allergies, such as the airborne pollen concentrations, should be combined with the data of aeroallergen to identify the real allergenic load in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-González
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | | | | | - Ma Jesús Aira
- Department of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and allergenic invertebrates putatively due to shared glycanic epitopes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3350. [PMID: 32099050 PMCID: PMC7042331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that rabbit IgG antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens (SmSEA) cross-react with allergens in natural rubber latex, peanuts and grass and tree pollens. Here we describe antigenic molecules that cross-react with rabbit anti-S. mansoni IgG antibodies in extracts of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides farinae, the Australian cockroach (ACR) Periplaneta australasiae and in the venom of the honey bee Apis mellifera (HBV). Tandem mass spectrometry identified the cross-reactive allergens as Der f 15 in HDM, two homologues of the Periplaneta americana cockroach allergen Cr-PI/Per a 3 in ACR and two isoforms of the allergen Api m 1 (phospholipase A2: PLA2) in HBV. Cross-reactive rabbit anti-SmSEA IgG antibodies eluted from the three invertebrate allergens reacted with S. mansoni egg antigens and variably with schistosome cercarial and worm antigens. Treatment of the electroblotted allergens with sodium metaperiodate abrogated most of the cross-reactivity of the rabbit anti-SmSEA antibodies, suggesting it was due to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Furthermore, analyses of the allergens’ amino acid sequences indicated that they had potential for both N- and O-linked glycosylation. A potential role for the CCDs shared by the schistosome and invertebrates in inducing an allergy-protective effect, as proposed by the hygiene hypothesis, is discussed.
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10
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Seutter von Loetzen C, Reuter A, Spiric J, Schulenborg T, Bellinghausen I, Völker E, Vogel L, Rösch P, Schiller D. Quality and potency profile of eight recombinant isoallergens, largely mimicking total Bet v 1‐specific IgE binding of birch pollen. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:712-723. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Jelena Spiric
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | | | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
| | - Elke Völker
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Lothar Vogel
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Paul Rösch
- Department of Biopolymers University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Dirk Schiller
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
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Faber MA, Van Gasse AL, Decuyper II, Sabato V, Hagendorens MM, Mertens C, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Ebo DG. Cross-Reactive Aeroallergens: Which Need to Cross Our Mind in Food Allergy Diagnosis? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1813-1823. [PMID: 30172018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary food allergies due to cross-reactivity between inhalant and food allergens are a significant and increasing global health issue. Cross-reactive food allergies predominantly involve plant-derived foods resulting from a prior sensitization to cross-reactive components present in pollen (grass, tree, weeds) and natural rubber latex. Also, primary sensitization to allergens present in fungi, insects, and both nonmammalian and mammalian meat might induce cross-reactive food allergic syndromes. Correct diagnosis of these associated food allergies is not always straightforward and can pose a difficult challenge. As a matter of fact, cross-reactive allergens might hamper food allergy diagnosis, as they can cause clinically irrelevant positive tests to cross-reacting foods that are safely consumed. This review summarizes the most relevant cross-reactivity syndromes between inhalant and food allergens. Particular focus is paid to the potential and limitations of confirmatory testing such as skin testing, specific IgE assays, molecular diagnosis, and basophil activation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Faber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ine I Decuyper
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc S De Clerck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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12
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Assessment of Fasciola hepatica glutathione S-transferase as an antigen for serodiagnosis of human chronic fascioliasis. Acta Trop 2018; 186:41-49. [PMID: 29990477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unsatisfactory performance of parasitological diagnosis of human fascioliasis; the use of immunodiagnosis based on the detection of anti-Fasciola antibodies is traditionally used as a diagnostic alternative using total or purified parasite excretory-secretory products (ESPs). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein, one of the F. hepatica ESP components, possesses well-known roles in the detoxification of xenobiotic and endogenously derived toxins within the host bile environment. GST has shown to be a good target for vaccine or drug development against fascioliasis. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of GST protein purified from a soluble crude extract of adult flukes as an antigen for serodiagnosis of chronic human fascioliasis by indirect ELISA. The study included a panel of 116 serum samples collected from individuals with confirmed fascioliasis, individuals carrying heterologous parasitic infections and healthy subjects. The parasitological examination was used as gold standard and a previously optimized ESP-ELISA was used to compare the performance of the GST-ELISA method. Results demonstrated that GST-ELISA is 94.3% sensitive, 80.2% specific and exhibits a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.555) and substantial agreement (k = 0.786) with the results obtained with the ESP-ELISA method. Moreover, because no sera from patients with early F. hepatica infection were available, GST-ELISA was then tested with sera from rabbits experimentally infected with F. hepatica metacercariae. The assay was able to detect anti-Fasciola antibodies as early as the 3rd week of infection (p < 0.0001) with peaks at 4th and 10th week post-infection.
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Polak D, Hafner C, Briza P, Kitzmüller C, Elbe-Bürger A, Samadi N, Gschwandtner M, Pfützner W, Zlabinger GJ, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B. A novel role for neutrophils in IgE-mediated allergy: Evidence for antigen presentation in late-phase reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1143-1152.e4. [PMID: 29920351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils and allergen-specific T cells accumulate in patients with allergic late-phase reactions (LPRs). Their presence is associated with severe inflammation. Cytokines, such as GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-3, which are typically found in patients with allergic LPRs, have been proposed to convert neutrophils into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the antigen-processing and antigen-presenting capacities of neutrophils from allergic patients. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of donors with birch pollen allergy and stimulated with GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-3. The viability and expression of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 were assessed by using flow cytometry. HLA-DM expression was analyzed by means of immunoblotting. Allergen uptake was studied after fluorescence labeling of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Bet v 1 was digested with neutrophilic endolysosomal extracts, and the resulting fragments were sequenced by using mass spectrometry. Neutrophils were used as APCs in coculture experiments with autologous HLA-DR-restricted and Bet v 1-specific T-cell clones reactive with epitopes in different regions of the allergen. In all experiments monocytes were used for comparison. Fluids from suction blisters formed on top of LPRs induced by using intradermal allergen injection were assessed for HLA-DR+ neutrophils by using flow cytometry. RESULTS The cytokines significantly enhanced the survival, allergen uptake, and expression of HLA-DM and HLA-DR on neutrophils. Neutrophils rapidly degraded Bet v 1 into fragments containing all relevant T-cell epitopes. Cytokine-activated, allergen-pulsed neutrophils induced proliferative and cytokine responses of Bet v 1-specific T cells irrespective of epitope specificity, confirming that they fully processed and presented the allergen. HLA-DR+ neutrophils were detected in patients with cutaneous allergic LPRs. CONCLUSION Neutrophils can serve as APCs for local allergen-specific effector T cells in patients with allergic LPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St Pölten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nazanin Samadi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Igetei JE, El-Faham M, Liddell S, Schramm G, Doenhoff MJ. Antigenic cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and pollen allergens from the birch tree (Betula verrucosa) and Timothy grass (Phleum pratense): involvement of shared glycan epitopes and implications for the hygiene hypothesis. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:345-357. [PMID: 29510117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that schistosome infection can protect against allergic symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we have shown that rabbit IgG antibodies raised against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) are cross-reactive with a wide array of molecules in Timothy grass pollen (TGP) and birch tree pollen (BTP). Five of the cross-reactive pollen molecules (two from TGP and three from BTP) were selected randomly and identified by tandem mass spectrometric (TMS) analysis to be, respectively, the TGP allergens Phl p 1 and Phl p 5b, and BTP glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the BTP allergens Bet v 1 and Bet v 6.0102. Rabbit anti-SmSEA IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with each of the five allergens were found to be reactive with three major S. mansoni egg antigens, IPSE/alpha-1, omega-1 and kappa-5. Pairwise alignment of the amino acid sequences of each of the five TMS-identified pollen allergens with each of the three egg antigens revealed a low level of amino acid sequence identity. Further experiments indicated that the schistosome antigen/allergen cross-reactivity was mostly due to similar glycans present in helminths and plants, but not in mammals: so called cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). Previously, CCDs have been implicated in the cross-reactivity between many plants and invertebrates. Furthermore, pollen-induced anti-CCD IgGs have been found in sera of patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) and implicated in the treatment of the allergy. Thus, our finding provides not only possible explanations for the allergy-protective effect of helminth/schistosome infections as explained by the hygiene hypothesis, but also a potential starting point for improved SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Igetei
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Marwa El-Faham
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Experimental Pneumology, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael J Doenhoff
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK
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Spiric J, Schulenborg T, Schwaben L, Engin AM, Karas M, Reuter A. Model for Quality Control of Allergen Products with Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3852-3862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Spiric
- Division
of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Luisa Schwaben
- Division
of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Engin
- Division
of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael Karas
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division
of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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16
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Gellrich D, Eder K, San Nicoló M, Berghaus A, Gröger M. The Clinical Impact of Bet v 6 in Birch Pollen-Sensitized Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:34-43. [PMID: 28494455 DOI: 10.1159/000470843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bet v 6, a minor birch pollen allergen, is commercially available for allergen-specific IgE antibody testing. However, there is hardly any literature on the clinical impact of Bet v 6. The aim of the present study was to analyze if testing specific IgE against Bet v 6 can add valuable benefit to the standard diagnostics of birch pollen-sensitized patients, especially in patients with unknown sensitization-eliciting allergens. METHODS Birch pollen-sensitized patients with missing IgE reactivity against Bet v 1, 2, and 4 were tested for specific IgE antibodies against Bet v 6. For comparison, an equal number of randomly selected patients with birch pollen sensitization, regardless of their individual sensitization patterns, were tested for specific anti-Bet v 6. RESULTS Of 57 cases with missing reactivity against the standard birch pollen allergens, 2 patients were positive for Bet v 6. In the representative sample, 3 patients showed specific IgE against Bet v 6 - resulting in a total prevalence of 5%. None of the Bet v 6-positive patients showed allergic symptoms after exposure to birch pollen or an oral allergy syndrome. An increased prevalence of asthma and a higher degree of sensitization were the only distinctive clinical features in Bet v 6-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS Among birch pollen-sensitized patients, the prevalence of specific IgE against Bet v 6 is low. Further, sensitization to Bet v 6, which shows characteristics of a panallergen, remains clinically silent. Therefore, determination of anti-Bet v 6 is not considered useful in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Gellrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Zafra A, Carmona R, Traverso JA, Hancock JT, Goldman MHS, Claros MG, Hiscock SJ, Alche JD. Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Differentially Expressed in the Reproductive Tissues of the Olive Tree ( Olea europaea L.) through the Generation of Subtractive Libraries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1576. [PMID: 28955364 PMCID: PMC5601413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is a crop of high socio-economical importance in the Mediterranean area. Sexual reproduction in this plant is an essential process, which determines the yield. Successful fertilization is mainly favored and sometimes needed of the presence of pollen grains from a different cultivar as the olive seizes a self-incompatibility system allegedly determined of the sporophytic type. The purpose of the present study was to identify key gene products involved in the function of olive pollen and pistil, in order to help elucidate the events and signaling processes, which happen during the courtship, pollen grain germination, and fertilization in olive. The use of subtractive SSH libraries constructed using, on the one hand one specific stage of the pistil development with germinating pollen grains, and on the other hand mature pollen grains may help to reveal the specific transcripts involved in the cited events. Such libraries have also been created by subtracting vegetative mRNAs (from leaves), in order to identify reproductive sequences only. A variety of transcripts have been identified in the mature pollen grains and in the pistil at the receptive stage. Among them, those related to defense, transport and oxidative metabolism are highlighted mainly in the pistil libraries where transcripts related to stress, and response to biotic and abiotic stimulus have a prominent position. Extensive lists containing information as regard to the specific transcripts determined for each stage and tissue are provided, as well as functional classifications of these gene products. Such lists were faced up to two recent datasets obtained in olive after transcriptomic and genomic approaches. The sequences and the differential expression level of the SSH-transcripts identified here, highly matched the transcriptomic information. Moreover, the unique presence of a representative number of these transcripts has been validated by means of qPCR approaches. The construction of SSH libraries using pistil and pollen, considering the high interaction between male-female counterparts, allowed the identification of transcripts with important roles in stigma physiology. The functions of many of the transcripts obtained are intimately related, and most of them are of pivotal importance in defense, pollen-stigma interaction and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Zafra
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - José A. Traverso
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - John T. Hancock
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of EnglandBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H. S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Gonzalo Claros
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D. Alche
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan D. Alche
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Regulatory T Cell Specificity Directs Tolerance versus Allergy against Aeroantigens in Humans. Cell 2016; 167:1067-1078.e16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree pollen allergens-an update from a molecular perspective. Allergy 2015; 70:1201-11. [PMID: 26186076 PMCID: PMC5102629 DOI: 10.1111/all.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that pollen allergies affect approximately 40% of allergic individuals. In general, tree pollen allergies are mainly elicited by allergenic trees belonging to the orders Fagales, Lamiales, Proteales, and Pinales. Over 25 years ago, the gene encoding the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 was the first such gene to be cloned and its product characterized. Since that time, 53 tree pollen allergens have been identified and acknowledged by the WHO/IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee. Molecule‐based profiling of allergic sensitization has helped to elucidate the immunological connections of allergen cross‐reactivity, whereas advances in biochemistry have revealed structural and functional aspects of allergenic proteins. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge of the molecular aspects of tree pollen allergens. We analyze the geographic distribution of allergenic trees, discuss factors pivotal for allergic sensitization, and describe the role of tree pollen panallergens. Novel allergenic tree species as well as tree pollen allergens are continually being identified, making research in this field highly competitive and instrumental for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - H. Hofer
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - M. Wolf
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - L. Aglas
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - M. Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
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