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Liu X, Zheng R, Radani Y, Gao H, Yue S, Fan W, Tang J, Shi J, Zhu J. Transcriptional deciphering of the metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive ingredients of wolfberry species with different quality characteristics. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:658. [PMID: 37919673 PMCID: PMC10621208 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolfberry is rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, betaines and other bioactive ingredients. For over 2,000 years, wolfberry has been used in China as a medicinal and edible plant resource. Nevertheless, the content of bioactive ingredients varies by cultivars, resulting in uneven quality across wolfberry cultivars and species. To date, research has revealed little about the underlying molecular mechanism of the metabolism of flavonoids, carotenoids, and other bioactive ingredients in wolfberry. RESULTS In this context, the transcriptomes of the Lycium barbarum L. cultivar 'Ningqi No. 1' and Lycium chinense Miller were compared during the fruit maturity stage using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform, and subsequently, the changes of the gene expression profiles in two types of wolfberries were analysed. In total, 256,228,924 clean reads were obtained, and 8817 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, then assembled by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches and annotated using Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (KOG), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). By combining these transcriptome data with data from the PubMed database, 36 DEGs related to the metabolism of bioactive ingredients and implicated in the metabolic pathway of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, vitamins, etc., were identified. In addition, among the 9 differentially expressed transcription factors, LbAPL, LbPHL11 and LbKAN4 have raised concerns. The protein physicochemical properties, structure prediction and phylogenetic analysis indicated that LbAPL and LbPHL11 may be good candidate genes involved in regulating the flavonoid metabolism pathway in wolfberry. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the differences in bioactive ingredient content at the transcription level among different wolfberry species, as well as a research and theoretical basis for the screening, cloning and functional analysis of key genes involved in the metabolism of bioactive ingredients in wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yasmina Radani
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianning Tang
- Ningxia Wolfberry Industry Development Center, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhu
- Qixin Wolfberry Seedling Professional Cooperatives, Zhongning, 755100, China
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Zeng J, Shi D, Chen Y, Bao X, Zong Y. FvbHLH1 Regulates the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in the Yellow Cap of Flammulina velutipes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1063. [PMID: 37998869 PMCID: PMC10672597 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes is a renowned edible and medicinal fungus. Commercially cultivated F. velutipes occurs in two distinct phenotypes: white and yellow. However, the underlying mechanism contributing to the yellow phenotype and high nutritional value remain uncertain. We reconfirmed that the browning process in F. velutipes is attributable to melanin accumulation, although the initial yellow cap seemed unrelated to melanin. A transcriptomic and metabolomic joint analysis revealed that 477 chemical compounds categorized into 11 classes, among which 191 exhibited significantly different levels of accumulation between different phenotypes. Specifically, 12 compounds were unique to the yellow F. velutipes, including ferulic acid, and 3-Aminosalicylic acid. Free fatty acids and xanthine were identified as the primary compounds correlating with the yellow and oily cap. A total of 44,087 genes were identified, which were more homologous to Pleurotus ostreatus PC15. Structural genes such as PAL (phenylalanine ammonialyase), C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase), C3H (Coumarin-3-hydroxylase), AoMT (caffeoyl coenzyme A-O-methyltransferase), and 4CL (4-coumarate: CoA ligase) were up-regulated, thereby activating the lignin biosynthesis and metabolism pathway. Additionally, FvbHLH1 can lead to the consumption of a huge amount of phenylalanine while generating flavonoids and organic acid compounds. Meanwhile, ferulic acid biosynthesis was activated. Therefore, this study clarifies the chemical and molecular bases for the yellow phenotype and nutritional value of F. velutipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyi Zeng
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China;
- South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Dingding Shi
- South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China;
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Education, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuemei Bao
- College of Education, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China;
| | - Yuan Zong
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China;
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Flower Buds of Lilium ‘Siberia’. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030559. [PMID: 36980831 PMCID: PMC10048704 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulb formation of Lilium is affected by many physiological and biochemical phenomena, including flower bud differentiation, starch and sucrose accumulation, photoperiod, carbon fixation, plant hormone transduction, etc. The transcriptome analysis of flower buds of Lilium hybrid ‘Siberia’ at different maturity stages showed that floral bud formation is associated with the accumulation of anthocyanins. The results of HPLC-MS showed that cyanidin is the major anthocyanin found in Lilium ‘Siberia’. Transcriptome KEGG enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation showed that two genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (LhANS-rr1 and LhDFR) were significantly up-regulated. The functional analysis of differential genes revealed that LhMYB114 was directly related to anthocyanin accumulation among 19 MYB transcription factors. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR results suggested that their expression patterns were very similar at different developmental stages of the lily bulbs. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that down-regulation of LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 could directly lead to a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation, turning the purple phenotype into a white color. Moreover, this is the first report to reveal that LhMYB114 can regulate anthocyanin accumulation at the mature stage of lily bulbs. The accumulation of anthocyanins is an important sign of lily maturity. Therefore, these findings have laid a solid theoretical foundation for further discussion on lily bulb development in the future.
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Cheng H, Huang X, Wu S, Wang S, Rao S, Li L, Cheng S, Li L. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Multi-Omics Dataset Provide Insights into Isoflavone and Puerarin Biosynthesis in Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121731. [PMID: 36551157 PMCID: PMC9775041 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (wild.) Ohwi is a leguminous plant and one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Its puerarin extract is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. This study reported a chromosome-level genome assembly for P. lobata and its characteristics. The genome size was ~939.2 Mb, with a contig N50 of 29.51 Mbp. Approximately 97.82% of the assembled sequences were represented by 11 pseudochromosomes. We identified that the repetitive sequences accounted for 63.50% of the P. lobata genome. A total of 33,171 coding genes were predicted, of which 97.34% could predict the function. Compared with other species, P. lobata had 757 species-specific gene families, including 1874 genes. The genome evolution analysis revealed that P. lobata was most closely related to Glycine max and underwent two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. One was in a gamma event shared by the core dicotyledons at around 65 million years ago, and another was in the common ancestor shared by legume species at around 25 million years ago. The collinearity analysis showed that 61.45% of the genes (54,579 gene pairs) in G. max and P. lobata had collinearity. In this study, six unique PlUGT43 homologous genes were retrieved from the genome of P. lobata, and no 2-hydroxyisoflavanone 8-C-glucoside was found in the metabolites. This also revealed that the puerarin synthesis was mainly from the glycation of daidzein. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested that two bHLHs, six MYBs and four WRKYs were involved in the expression regulation of puerarin synthesis structural genes. The genetic information obtained in this study provided novel insights into the biological evolution of P. lobata and leguminous species, and it laid the foundation for further exploring the regulatory mechanism of puerarin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Linling Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-173-7156-9920
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Kushwaha AK, Dwivedi S, Mukherjee A, Lingwan M, Dar MA, Bhagavatula L, Datta S. Plant microProteins: Small but powerful modulators of plant development. iScience 2022; 25:105400. [PMID: 36353725 PMCID: PMC9638782 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroProteins (miPs) are small and single-domain containing proteins of less than 20 kDa. This domain allows microProteins to interact with compatible domains of evolutionary-related proteins and fine-tuning the key physiological pathways in several organisms. Since the first report of a microProtein in mice, numerous microProteins have been identified in plants by computational approaches. However, only a few candidates have been functionally characterized, primarily in Arabidopsis. The recent success of synthetic microProteins in modulating physiological activities in crops makes these proteins interesting candidates for crop engineering. Here, we comprehensively summarise the synthesis, mode of action, and functional roles of microProteins in plants. We also discuss different approaches used to identify plant microProteins. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches to design synthetic microProteins that can be used to target proteins regulating plant growth and development. We finally highlight the prospects and challenges of utilizing microProteins in future crop improvement programs. MicroProteins (miPs) are small-sized proteins with a molecular weight of 5–20 kDa MiPs can be detected through multiomics and computational approaches MiPs are crucial regulators of plant growth and development MiPs as condensates, synthetic miPs, and limitations
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Huang X, Yi P, Liu Y, Li Q, Jiang Y, Yi Y, Yan H. RrTTG1 promotes fruit prickle development through an MBW complex in Rosa roxburghii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939270. [PMID: 36105707 PMCID: PMC9465040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fruit prickles are widely distributed on the pericarp and exhibit polymorphic traits at different developmental stages. Although they are multicellular appendages that are well-known for helping plants defend against biotic and abiotic stresses, their origination and molecular mechanism are still less known. Here, we studied the origination and molecular mechanism of fruit prickles in Rosa roxburghii. Using morphological and histological observations, we found that the fruit prickle primordium of R. roxburghii originated from the ground meristem that underwent cell division to form flagelliform prickles, continued to enlarge, and finally lignified to form mature fruit prickles. We amplified a homolog of candidate gene TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) from R. roxburghii, named RrTTG1. RrTTG1 harbored four conserved WD-repeat domains and was exclusively nuclear-localized. Using qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization, we found that RrTTG1 was constitutively expressed and highly expressed during the initiation and cell expansion phases of fruit prickles. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis proved that RrTTG1 substantially enhanced the number of trichome and pigmentation production and inhibited root hair formation. Besides, RrTTG1 complemented the phenotypes of the ttg1 mutant in Arabidopsis, thus indicating that RrTTG1 played pleiotropic roles akin to AtTTG1. We demonstrated that the RrTTG1 only interacted with RrEGL3, a homolog of ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Briefly, RrTTG1 might positively regulate the initiation of fruit prickle primordium and cell enlargement by forming the RrTTG1-RrEGL3-RrGL1 complex in R. roxburghii. Therefore, our results help characterize the RrTTG1 in R. roxburghii and also elucidate the establishment of the prickles regulatory system in the Rosaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peipei Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanjing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Ke L, Yu D, Zheng H, Xu Y, Wu Y, Jiao J, Wang X, Mei J, Cai F, Zhao Y, Sun J, Zhang X, Sun Y. Function deficiency of GhOMT1 causes anthocyanidins over-accumulation and diversifies fibre colours in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1546-1560. [PMID: 35503731 PMCID: PMC9342615 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Naturally coloured cotton (NCC) fibres need little or no dyeing process in textile industry to low-carbon emission and are environment-friendly. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) and their derivatives were considered as the main components causing fibre coloration and made NCCs very popular and healthy, but the monotonous fibre colours greatly limit the wide application of NCCs. Here a G. hirsutum empurpled mutant (HS2) caused by T-DNA insertion is found to enhance the anthocyanidins biosynthesis and accumulate anthocyanidins in the whole plant. HPLC and LC/MS-ESI analysis confirmed the anthocyanidins methylation and peonidin, petunidin and malvidin formation are blocked. The deficiency of GhOMT1 in HS2 was associated with the activation of the anthocyanidin biosynthesis and the altered components of anthocyanidins. The transcripts of key genes in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway are significantly up-regulated in HS2, while transcripts of the genes for transport and decoration were at similar levels as in WT. To investigate the potential mechanism of GhOMT1 deficiency in cotton fibre coloration, HS2 mutant was crossed with NCCs. Surprisingly, offsprings of HS2 and NCCs enhanced PAs biosynthesis and increased PAs levels in their fibres from the accumulated anthocyanidins through up-regulated GhANR and GhLAR. As expected, multiple novel lines with improved fibre colours including orange red and navy blue were produced in their generations. Based on this work, a new strategy for breeding diversified NCCs was brought out by promoting PA biosynthesis. This work will help shed light on mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and bring out potential molecular breeding strategy to increase PA levels in NCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dongliang Yu
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yihan Xu
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junye Jiao
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Mei
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fangfang Cai
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Sun
- College of AgricultureThe Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco‐AgricultureShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber LaboratoryCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
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8
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Li X, Xiang F, Han W, Qie B, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. The MIR-Domain of PbbHLH2 Is Involved in Regulation of the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway in "Red Zaosu" ( PyrusBretschneideri Rehd.) Pear Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063026. [PMID: 33809693 PMCID: PMC8002321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal of Myc-like basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors (bHLH TFs) contains an interaction domain, namely the MYB-interacting region (MIR), which interacts with the R2R3-MYB proteins to regulate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. However, the functions of MIR-domain bHLHs in this pathway are not fully understood. In this study, PbbHLH2 containing the MIR-domain was identified and its function investigated. The overexpression of PbbHLH2 in ”Zaosu” pear peel increased the anthocyanin content and the expression levels of late biosynthetic genes. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that PbbHLH2 interacted with R2R3-MYB TFs PbMYB9, 10, and 10b in onion epidermal cells and confirmed that MIR-domain plays important roles in the interaction between the MIR-domain bHLH and R2R3-MYB TFs. Moreover, PbbHLH2 bound and activated the dihydroflavonol reductase promoter in yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase assays. Taken together these results suggested that the MIR domain of PbbHLH2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit peel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingfei Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029–87081023
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9
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Shen G, Wu R, Xia Y, Pang Y. Identification of Transcription Factor Genes and Functional Characterization of PlMYB1 From Pueraria lobata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743518. [PMID: 34691120 PMCID: PMC8531098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Kudzu, Pueraria lobata, is a traditional Chinese food and medicinal herb that has been commonly used since ancient times. Kudzu roots are rich sources of isoflavonoids, e.g., puerarin, with beneficial effects on human health. To gain global information on the isoflavonoid biosynthetic regulation network in kudzu, de novo transcriptome sequencings were performed using two genotypes of kudzu with and without puerarin accumulation in roots. RNAseq data showed that the genes of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway were significantly represented in the upregulated genes in the kudzu with puerarin. To discover regulatory genes, 105, 112, and 143 genes encoding MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription regulators were identified and classified, respectively. Among them, three MYB, four bHLHs, and one WD40 gene were found to be highly identical to their orthologs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in other plants. Notably, the expression profiles of PlMYB1, PlHLH3-4, and PlWD40-1 genes were closely correlated with isoflavonoid accumulation profiles in different tissues and cell cultures of kudzu. Over-expression of PlMYB1 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and proanthocyanidins in seeds, by activating AtDFR, AtANR, and AtANS genes. Our study provided valuable comparative transcriptome information for further identification of regulatory or structural genes involved in the isoflavonoid pathway in P. lobata, as well as for bioengineering of bioactive isoflavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Shen
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang,
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Belwal T, Singh G, Jeandet P, Pandey A, Giri L, Ramola S, Bhatt ID, Venskutonis PR, Georgiev MI, Clément C, Luo Z. Anthocyanins, multi-functional natural products of industrial relevance: Recent biotechnological advances. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107600. [PMID: 32693016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the color compounds of plants, are known for their wide applications in food, nutraceuticals and cosmetic industry. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins is well established with the identification of potential key regulatory genes, which makes it possible to modulate its production by biotechnological means. Various biotechnological systems, including use of in vitro plant cell or tissue cultures as well as microorganisms have been used for the production of anthocyanins under controlled conditions, however, a wide range of factors affects their production. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have also used the heterologous production of anthocyanins in recombinant plants and microorganisms. However, these approaches have mostly been tested at the lab- and pilot-scales, while very few up-scaling studies have been undertaken. Various challenges and ways of investigation are proposed here to improve anthocyanin production by using the in vitro plant cell or tissue culture and metabolic engineering of plants and microbial culture systems. All these methods are capable of modulating the production of anthocyanins , which can be further utilized for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gopal Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India
| | - Lalit Giri
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Zhang A, Wu X, Zhu Z, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zha D. Transcriptome analysis revealed expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under high-temperature stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:387. [PMID: 31492114 PMCID: PMC6729041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin synthesis is affected by many factors, among which temperature is an important environmental factor. Eggplant is usually exposed to high temperatures during the cultivation season in Shanghai, China. Therefore,RNA -seq analysis was used to determine the effects of high-temperature stress on gene expression in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). RESULTS We tested the heat-resistant cultivar 'Tewangda'. The plants were incubated at 38 °C and 45 °C, and the suitable temperature for eggplant growth was used as a control. The treatment times were 3 h and 6 h. The skin of the eggplant was taken for transcriptome sequencing, qRT-PCR assays and bioinformatic analysis. The results showed that 770 genes were differentially expressed between different treatments. Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analyses identified 16 genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, among which CHSB was upregulated. Other genes, including BHLH62, MYB380, CHI3, CHI, CCOAOMT, AN3, ACT-2, HST, 5MA-T1, CYP75A2, ANT17, RT, PAL2, and anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase were downregulated. In addition, the Myb family transcription factor PHL11 was upregulated in the CK 3 h vs 45 °C 3 h, CK 3 h vs 38 °C 3 h, and CK 6 h vs 38 °C 6 h comparisons, and the transcription factor bHLH35 was upregulated in the CK 3 h vs 38 °C 3 h and CK 6 h vs 38 °C 6 h comparisons. CONCLUSION These results indicated that high temperature will downregulate most of the genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of eggplant. Our data have a reference value for the heat resistance mechanism of eggplant and can provide directions for molecular breeding of heat-resistant germplasm with anthocyanin content in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Zongwen Zhu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Zuofen Yang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dingshi Zha
- Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai, 201403 China
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12
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Ma D, Constabel CP. MYB Repressors as Regulators of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:275-289. [PMID: 30704824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid pathway gives rise to lignin, flavonoids, and other metabolites and is regulated by MYB transcription factors. Many R2R3-MYB transcriptional activators are known, but the prevalence of MYB repressors has only recently become recognized. This review article summarizes recent progress on function and mechanism of these MYB repressors. The characterized phenylpropanoid R2R3-MYB repressors comprise two phylogenetic clades that act on the lignin and general phenylpropanoid genes, or the flavonoid genes, respectively; anthocyanin R3-MYB repressors form a separate clade. While some flavonoid MYBs repressors can bind basic-helix-loop-helix factors and disrupt the MBW complex, for the lignin repressor MYBs interactions with promoter cis-elements have been demonstrated. The role of the conserved repression motifs that define the MYB repressors is not yet known, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ma
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Aamir M, Kashyap SP, Zehra A, Dubey MK, Singh VK, Ansari WA, Upadhyay RS, Singh S. Trichoderma erinaceum Bio-Priming Modulates the WRKYs Defense Programming in Tomato Against the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ( Fol) Challenged Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31428107 PMCID: PMC6689972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial association and interaction of rhizocompetent microorganisms are widely used for plant biofertilization and amelioration of stress-induced damage in plants. To explore the regulatory mechanism involved in plant defense while associating with beneficial microbial species, and their interplay when co-inoculated with pathogens, we evaluated the response of tomato defense-related WRKY gene transcripts. The present study was carried out to examine the qRT-PCR-based relative quantification of differentially expressed defense-related genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.; variety S-22) primed with Trichoderma erinaceum against the vascular wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici). The tissue-specific and time-bound expression profile changes under the four different treatments "(unprimed, Fol challenged, T. erinaceum primed and Fol+ T. erinaceum)" revealed that the highest upregulation was observed in the transcript profile of SlWRKY31 (root) and SlWRKY37 (leaf) in T. erinaceum bioprimed treated plants at 24 h with 16.51- and 14.07-fold increase, respectively. In contrast, SlWRKY4 showed downregulation with the highest repression in T. erinaceum bioprimed root (24 h) and leaf (48 h) tissue samples with 0.03 and 0.08 fold decrease, respectively. Qualitative expression of PR proteins (chitinases and glucanases) was found elicited in T. erinaceum primed plants. However, the antioxidative activity of tomato superoxide dismutase and catalase increased with the highest upregulation of SOD and SlGPX1 in Fol + T. erinaceum treatments. We observed that these expression changes were accompanied by 32.06% lesser H2O2 production in T. erinaceum bioprimed samples. The aggravated defense response in all the treated conditions was also reflected by an increased lignified stem tissues. Overall, we conclude that T. erinaceum bio-priming modulated the defense transcriptome of tomato after the Fol challenged conditions, and were accompanied by enhanced accumulation of defense-related WRKY transcripts, increased antioxidative enzyme activities, and the reinforcements through a higher number of lignified cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Mohd Aamir,
| | - Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap
- Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dubey
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Waquar Akhtar Ansari
- Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram S. Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li W, Hu Z, Yu X, Tu Y, Zhang M, Huang J, Chen G. Metabolic and molecular analysis of nonuniform anthocyanin pigmentation in tomato fruit under high light. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:56. [PMID: 31098031 PMCID: PMC6510810 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pigment intensity and patterns are important factors that determine the nutritional and market values of tomato fruits. The acropetal manner of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation with the highest levels at the stem end of the fruit makes Pro35S:BrTT8 tomato plants an ideal system for investigating the effects of light intensity on anthocyanin biosynthesis. Extensive transcript analyses indicate that anthocyanin pigmentation in Pro35S:BrTT8 plants under high light might be coordinately regulated by the exogenous protein BrTT8 and endogenous proteins SlAN2 and SlMYBL2. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays showed that BrTT8 could interact efficiently with SlAN2, SlMYBL2, and SlAN11. Moreover, the physical interaction between BrTT8 and SlAN2 was validated by FRET. Simultaneous overexpression of SlAN2 and BrTT8 activated significant anthocyanin biosynthesis in infiltrated tobacco leaves. In addition, the ability of SlMYBL2 to suppress anthocyanin accumulation was also demonstrated in infiltrated tobacco leaves. Altogether, these results prove that tissue-specific assemblage of the heterogeneous MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex consisting of SlAN2, BrTT8 and SlAN11 triggers nonuniform anthocyanin accumulation in tomato fruit under high light. Additionally, it is proposed that a negative-feedback loop fulfilled by SlMYBL2 also participates in the regulation of anthocyanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 400030 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanping Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 400030 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 400030 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Tu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 400030 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, 400030 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Cui B, Tan Z, Song B, Cao H, Zong C. RNA sequencing and anthocyanin synthesis-related genes expression analyses in white-fruited Vaccinium uliginosum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:930. [PMID: 30545307 PMCID: PMC6293651 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccinium uliginosum (Ericaceae) is an important wild berry having high economic value. The white-fruited V. uliginosum variety found in the wild lacks anthocyanin and bears silvery white fruits. Hence, it is a good resource for investigating the mechanism of fruit color development. This study aimed to verify the differences in the expression levels of some structural genes and transcription factors affecting the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway by conducting high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and real-time PCR analysis by using the ripening fruits of V. uliginosum and the white-fruited variety. RESULTS We annotated 42,837 unigenes. Of the 325 differentially expressed genes, 41 were up-regulated and 284 were down-regulated. Further, 11 structural genes of the flavonoid pathway were up-regulated, whereas two were down-regulated. Of the seven genes encoding transcription factors, five were up-regulated and two were down-regulated. The structural genes VuCHS, VuF3'H, VuFHT, VuDFR, VuANS, VuANR, and VuUFGT and the transcription factors VubHLH92, VuMYB6, VuMYBPA1, VuMYB11, and VuMYB12 were significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of only VuMYB6 and VuMYBPA1 rapidly increased during the last two stages of V. uliginosum when the fruit was ripening, consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. CONCLUSIONS VuMYB6 was annotated as MYB1 by the BLAST tool. Thus, the white fruit color in the V. uliginosum variant can be attributed to the down-regulation of transcription factors VuMYB1 and VuMYBPA1, which leads to the down-regulation of structural genes associated with the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
| | - Baihui Cui
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
| | - Zhiwen Tan
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
| | - Bingxue Song
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
| | - Hounan Cao
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
| | - Chengwen Zong
- Agriculture College of YanBian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002 China
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Allan AC, Espley RV. MYBs Drive Novel Consumer Traits in Fruits and Vegetables. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:693-705. [PMID: 30033210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eating plant-derived compounds can lead to a longer and healthier life and also benefits the environment. Innovation in the fresh food sector, as well as new cultivars, can improve consumption of fruit and vegetables, with MYB transcription factors being a target to drive this novelty. Plant MYB transcription factors are implicated in diverse roles including development, hormone signalling, and metabolite biosynthesis. The reds and blues of fruit and vegetables provided by anthocyanins, phlobaphenes, and betalains are controlled by specific R2R3 MYBs. New studies are now revealing that MYBs also control carotenoid biosynthesis and other quality traits, such as flavour and texture. Future breeding techniques may manipulate or create alleles of key MYB transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard V Espley
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling to Understand Pre- and Post-Ripening Hormonal Regulations and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Early Ripening Apple Fruit. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081908. [PMID: 30065188 PMCID: PMC6222687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘Hongyu’ apple is an early ripening apple cultivar and usually used for fresh marketing. Due to the short ripening period, most of the fruit are harvested at the commercial maturity stage for proper marketing distribution and a longer shelf life. Fruit ripening involves delicate changes to its metabolic and physiological traits through well-organized synchronization of several hormones and regulatory steps. A clear understanding of these hormonal alterations is crucial for extending the period from commercial to physiological ripening. This study was intended to clarify the hormonal alterations and anthocyanin biosynthesis process prior to and immediate after, the harvesting of apple fruit considering the commercial maturity stage. Fruits harvested at 120 Days after flowering (DAF) (HY_4th) was considered as commercially ripened, 110 DAF (HY_3rd) as pre-ripening and 120 DAF followed by five days storage at 20 °C (HY_20 °C_5) as post-ripening samples. Three different stages of fruit were used for transcriptome assembly using RNA-Seq. Results revealed 9187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the post-ripening samples, which was comparatively lower (922 DEGs) in the pre-ripening fruits. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology analysis and 31 categories were significantly enriched in the groups ‘biological process,’ ‘molecular function’ and ‘cellular component.’ The DEGs were involved in hormonal signaling pathways like ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellin (GA), brassinosteroid (BR) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways such as PAL, 4CL, CHI, DFR, F3H, UFGT. Several transcription factors like the MADS-box gene, MYB, bHLH, NAC, WRKY and HSF were differentially expressed between the pre- and post-ripening fruits. Selected DEGs were subjected to gene expression analysis using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with those of RNA-Seq. Our data suggested that in addition to ethylene, ABA and other hormones also play key roles in regulating apple fruit ripening and may interact with the ethylene signaling process. Additionally, our data provided an exhibition of the expression pattern of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
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Structural and functional dissection of differentially expressed tomato WRKY transcripts in host defense response against the vascular wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193922. [PMID: 29709017 PMCID: PMC5927432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors have indispensable role in plant growth, development and defense responses. The differential expression of WRKY genes following the stress conditions has been well demonstrated. We investigated the temporal and tissue-specific (root and leaf tissues) differential expression of plant defense-related WRKY genes, following the infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato. The genome-wide computational analysis revealed that during the Fol infection in tomato, 16 different members of WRKY gene superfamily were found to be involved, of which only three WRKYs (SolyWRKY4, SolyWRKY33, and SolyWRKY37) were shown to have clear-cut differential gene expression. The quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) studies revealed different gene expression profile changes in tomato root and leaf tissues. In root tissues, infected with Fol, an increased expression for SolyWRKY33 (2.76 fold) followed by SolyWRKY37 (1.93 fold) gene was found at 24 hrs which further increased at 48 hrs (5.0 fold). In contrast, the leaf tissues, the expression was more pronounced at an earlier stage of infection (24 hrs). However, in both cases, we found repression of SolyWRKY4 gene, which further decreased at an increased time interval. The biochemical defense programming against Fol pathogenesis was characterized by the highest accumulation of H2O2 (at 48 hrs) and enhanced lignification. The functional diversity across the characterized WRKYs was explored through motif scanning using MEME suite, and the WRKYs specific gene regulation was assessed through the DNA protein docking studies The functional WRKY domain modeled had β sheets like topology with coil and turns. The DNA-protein interaction results revealed the importance of core residues (Tyr, Arg, and Lys) in a feasible WRKY-W-box DNA interaction. The protein interaction network analysis revealed that the SolyWRKY33 could interact with other proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPK), sigma factor binding protein1 (SIB1) and with other WRKY members including WRKY70, WRKY1, and WRKY40, to respond various biotic and abiotic stresses. The STRING results were further validated through Predicted Tomato Interactome Resource (PTIR) database. The CELLO2GO web server revealed the functional gene ontology annotation and protein subcellular localization, which predicted that SolyWRKY33 is involved in amelioration of biological stress (39.3%) and other metabolic processes (39.3%). The protein (SolyWRKY33) most probably located inside the nucleus (91.3%) with having transcription factor binding activity. We conclude that the defense response following the Fol challenge was accompanied by differential expression of the SolyWRKY4(↓), SolyWRKY33(↑) and SolyWRKY37(↑) transcripts. The biochemical changes are occupied by elicitation of H2O2 generation and accumulation and enhanced lignified tissues.
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Meena M, Aamir M, Kumar V, Swapnil P, Upadhyay R. Evaluation of morpho-physiological growth parameters of tomato in response to Cd induced toxicity and characterization of metal sensitive NRAMP3 transporter protein. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 148:144-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Liu Y, Tikunov Y, Schouten RE, Marcelis LFM, Visser RGF, Bovy A. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Degradation Mechanisms in Solanaceous Vegetables: A Review. Front Chem 2018; 6:52. [PMID: 29594099 PMCID: PMC5855062 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of polyphenolic pigments that are ubiquitously found in the plant kingdom. In plants, anthocyanins play a role not only in reproduction, by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, but also in protection against various abiotic and biotic stresses. There is accumulating evidence that anthocyanins have health-promoting properties, which makes anthocyanin metabolism an interesting target for breeders and researchers. In this review, the state of the art knowledge concerning anthocyanins in the Solanaceous vegetables, i.e., pepper, tomato, eggplant, and potato, is discussed, including biochemistry and biological function of anthocyanins, as well as their genetic and environmental regulation. Anthocyanin accumulation is determined by the balance between biosynthesis and degradation. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in Solanaceous vegetables, more research is needed on the inhibition of biosynthesis and, in particular, the anthocyanin degradation mechanisms if we want to control anthocyanin content of Solanaceous vegetables. In addition, anthocyanin metabolism is distinctly affected by environmental conditions, but the molecular regulation of these effects is poorly understood. Existing knowledge is summarized and current gaps in our understanding are highlighted and discussed, to create opportunities for the development of anthocyanin-rich crops through breeding and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Graduate School Production Ecology & Resource Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rob E Schouten
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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A comparative transcriptome analysis of a wild purple potato and its red mutant provides insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191406. [PMID: 29360842 PMCID: PMC5779664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a red mutant was obtained through in vitro regeneration of a wild purple potato. High-performance liquid chromatography and Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside were main anthocyanins in the mutant and wild type tubers, respectively. In order to thoroughly understand the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation in two materials, a comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant and wild type was carried out through high-throughput RNA sequencing, and 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Real-time qRT-PCR validation of DEGs was consistent with the transcriptome date. The DEGs mainly influenced biological and metabolic pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and translation, and biosynthesis of flavone and flavonol. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, the analysis of structural genes expressions showed that three genes, one encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, one encoding 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and one encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylasem were significantly down-regulated in the mutant; one gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the transcription factors, such as bZIP family, MYB family, LOB family, MADS family, zf-HD family and C2H2 family, were significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. Response proteins of hormone, such as gibberellin, abscisic acid and brassinosteroid, were also significantly regulated in anthocyanin transformation. The information contributes to discovering the candidate genes in anthocyanin transformation, which can serve as a comprehensive resource for molecular mechanism research of anthocyanin transformation in potatoes.
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Tominaga-Wada R, Masakane A, Wada T. Effect of phosphate deficiency-induced anthocyanin accumulation on the expression of Solanum lycopersicum GLABRA3 (SlGL3) in tomato. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1477907. [PMID: 29944442 PMCID: PMC6110355 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1477907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the bHLH transcription factor, GLABRA3 (AtGL3), is an important regulator of epidermal cell differentiation and positively controls anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, we previously showed that Solanum lycopersicum GLABRA3 (SlGL3), the AtGL3 homolog, suppressed anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. To clarify this functional discrepancy in anthocyanin accumulation, we analyzed the SlGL3 expression pattern in anthocyanin-induced tomato. The SlGL3 expression was significantly reduced in tomato seedlings rich in anthocyanin as a result of inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation. This was consistent with the previous result obtained in Arabidopsis, wherein the overexpression of SlGL3 was shown to inhibit anthocyanin accumulation. Our study suggests that the function of SlGL3 is different from that of AtGL3, and it might inhibit anthocyanin accumulation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tominaga-Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- CONTACT Rumi Tominaga-Wada
| | - A. Masakane
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T. Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Li Y, Luo X, Wu C, Cao S, Zhou Y, Jie B, Cao Y, Meng H, Wu G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red and Green Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Molecules 2017; 23:E25. [PMID: 29271948 PMCID: PMC5943948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an important economic trait. The color of red walnut cultivars is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the molecular mechanism of leaf and peel color change between red and green walnut. A reference transcriptome of walnut was sequenced and annotated to identify genes related to fruit color at the ripening stage. More than 290 million high-quality reads were assembled into 39,411 genes using a combined assembly strategy. Using Illumina digital gene expression profiling, we identified 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between red and green walnut leaf and 3038 DEGs between red and green walnut peel at the ripening stage. We also identified some transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The trends in the expression levels of several genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors in the leaf and peel of red and green walnut were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, our results identified the genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red walnut. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the coloration of red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Li
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Shangyin Cao
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Bo Jie
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yalong Cao
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Tominaga-Wada R, Ota K, Hayashi N, Yamada K, Sano R, Wada T. Expression and protein localization analyses of Arabidopsis GLABRA3 ( GL3) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) root epidermis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2017; 34:115-117. [PMID: 31275016 PMCID: PMC6543757 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.0418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of root hair and non-hair cells in the root epidermis provides a useful model for understanding the cell fate determination system in plants. A network of related transcription factors, including GLABRA3 (GL3), influences the patterning of cell types in Arabidopsis. GL3 is expressed primarily in root hair cells and encodes a bHLH transcription factor, which inhibits root hair differentiation in Arabidopsis root epidermis. By transforming the GL3 promoter::GFP into tomato, we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis GL3 promoter can function in tomato root epidermis. GFP fluorescence was observed in almost all root epidermal cells in the GL3::GFP transgenic tomato plants, indicating that all root epidermal cells of tomato possess root hair cell identity similar to that of Arabidopsis root hair cells. This is consistent with the phenotype of the tomato root, in which all epidermal cells produce root hairs. Moreover, we observed the localization of a GL3:GFP fusion protein in GL3::GL3:GFP transgenic tomato; although GL3 is known to exclusively localize in non-hair cell nuclei in Arabidopsis root epidermis, GL3:GFP fluorescence was detected not in the nuclei but in the cytoplasm of transgenic tomato epidermal cells. These results suggest that the nuclear localization mechanism differs between tomato and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Tominaga-Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Ota
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Koh Yamada
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuji Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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25
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Aamir M, Singh VK, Meena M, Upadhyay RS, Gupta VK, Singh S. Structural and Functional Insights into WRKY3 and WRKY4 Transcription Factors to Unravel the WRKY-DNA (W-Box) Complex Interaction in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). A Computational Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:819. [PMID: 28611792 PMCID: PMC5447077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs), play crucial role in plant defense response against various abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of WRKY3 and WRKY4 genes in plant defense response against necrotrophic pathogens is well-reported. However, their functional annotation in tomato is largely unknown. In the present work, we have characterized the structural and functional attributes of the two identified tomato WRKY transcription factors, WRKY3 (SlWRKY3), and WRKY4 (SlWRKY4) using computational approaches. Arabidopsis WRKY3 (AtWRKY3: NP_178433) and WRKY4 (AtWRKY4: NP_172849) protein sequences were retrieved from TAIR database and protein BLAST was done for finding their sequential homologs in tomato. Sequence alignment, phylogenetic classification, and motif composition analysis revealed the remarkable sequential variation between, these two WRKYs. The tomato WRKY3 and WRKY4 clusters with Solanum pennellii showing the monophyletic origin and evolution from their wild homolog. The functional domain region responsible for sequence specific DNA-binding occupied in both proteins were modeled [using AtWRKY4 (PDB ID:1WJ2) and AtWRKY1 (PDBID:2AYD) as template protein structures] through homology modeling using Discovery Studio 3.0. The generated models were further evaluated for their accuracy and reliability based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. The modeled proteins were found to satisfy all the crucial energy parameters and showed acceptable Ramachandran statistics when compared to the experimentally resolved NMR solution structures and/or X-Ray diffracted crystal structures (templates). The superimposition of the functional WRKY domains from SlWRKY3 and SlWRKY4 revealed remarkable structural similarity. The sequence specific DNA binding for two WRKYs was explored through DNA-protein interaction using Hex Docking server. The interaction studies found that SlWRKY4 binds with the W-box DNA through WRKYGQK with Tyr408, Arg409, and Lys419 with the initial flanking sequences also get involved in binding. In contrast, the SlWRKY3 made interaction with RKYGQK along with the residues from zinc finger motifs. Protein-protein interactions studies were done using STRING version 10.0 to explore all the possible protein partners involved in associative functional interaction networks. The Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed the functional dimension and characterized the identified WRKYs based on their functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ram S. Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinn, Estonia
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
- *Correspondence: Surendra Singh
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26
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Jiang M, Ren L, Lian H, Liu Y, Chen H. Novel insight into the mechanism underlying light-controlled anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 249:46-58. [PMID: 27297989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins, which are the major secondary metabolites and beneficial to human health. We discovered that the anthocyanin biosynthesis of eggplant cultivar 'Lanshan Hexian' was regulated by light. In this study, we isolated two blue light receptor genes, SmCRY1 and SmCRY2, and negative/positive anthocyanin regulatory factors SmCOP1 and SmHY5 from eggplant. In terms of transcript levels, SmCRY1, SmCRY2 and SmHY5 were up-regulated by light, while SmCOP1 was down-regulated. Subsequently, the four genes were functionally complemented in phenotype of corresponding mutants, indicating that they act as counterparts of Arabidopsis genes. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that SmCRY1 and SmCRY2 interact with SmCOP1 in a blue-light-dependent manner. It also obtained the result that SmCOP1 interacts with SmHY5 and SmMYB1. Furthermore, using yeast one-hybrid assay, we found that SmHY5 and SmMYB1 both bind the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes (SmCHS and SmDFR). Taken together, blue-light-triggered CRY1/CRY2-COP1 interaction creates the condition that HY5 and MYB1 combine with the downstream anthocyanin synthesis genes (CHS and DFR) in eggplant. Our finding provides a new working model by which light controls anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Jiang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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27
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Zheng K, Tian H, Hu Q, Guo H, Yang L, Cai L, Wang X, Liu B, Wang S. Ectopic expression of R3 MYB transcription factor gene OsTCL1 in Arabidopsis, but not rice, affects trichome and root hair formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19254. [PMID: 26758286 PMCID: PMC4725938 DOI: 10.1038/srep19254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, a MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex activates the homeodomain protein gene GLABRA2 (GL2), leading to the promotion of trichome formation and inhibition of root hair formation. The same MBW complex also activates single-repeat R3 MYB genes. R3 MYBs in turn, play a negative feedback role by competing with R2R3 MYB proteins for binding bHLH proteins, thus blocking the formation of the MBW complex. By BLASTing the rice (Oryza sativa) protein database using the entire amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis R3 MYB transcription factor TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1), we found that there are two genes in rice genome encoding R3 MYB transcription factors, namely Oryza sativa TRICHOMELESS1 (OsTCL1) and OsTCL2. Expressing OsTCL1 in Arabidopsis inhibited trichome formation and promoted root hair formation, and OsTCL1 interacted with GL3 when tested in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Consistent with these observations, expression levels of GL2, R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene GLABRA1 (GL1) and several R3 MYB genes were greatly reduced, indicating that OsTCL1 is functional R3 MYB. However, trichome and root hair formation in transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsTCL1 remained largely unchanged, and elevated expression of OsGL2 was observed in the transgenic rice plants, indicating that rice may use different mechanisms to regulate trichome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Qingnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Ling Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE &Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 China
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28
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Wei H, Chen X, Zong X, Shu H, Gao D, Liu Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the red and yellow fruits of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121164. [PMID: 25799516 PMCID: PMC4370391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit color is one of the most important economic traits of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The red coloration of sweet cherry fruit is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. However, limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis and its regulation in sweet cherry. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, a reference transcriptome of P. avium L. was sequenced and annotated to identify the transcriptional determinants of fruit color. Normalized cDNA libraries from red and yellow fruits were sequenced using the next-generation Illumina/Solexa sequencing platform and de novo assembly. Over 66 million high-quality reads were assembled into 43,128 unigenes using a combined assembly strategy. Then a total of 22,452 unigenes were compared to public databases using homology searches, and 20,095 of these unigenes were annotated in the Nr protein database. Furthermore, transcriptome differences between the four stages of fruit ripening were analyzed using Illumina digital gene expression (DGE) profiling. Biological pathway analysis revealed that 72 unigenes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. The expression patterns of unigenes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavanone 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and UDP glucose: flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) during fruit ripening differed between red and yellow fruit. In addition, we identified some transcription factor families (such as MYB, bHLH and WD40) that may control anthocyanin biosynthesis. We confirmed the altered expression levels of eighteen unigenes that encode anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The obtained sweet cherry transcriptome and DGE profiling data provide comprehensive gene expression information that lends insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results will provide a platform for further functional genomic research on this fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wei
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Huairui Shu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Biotechnology Breeding of Shandong, Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China
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Wada T, Onishi M, Kunihiro A, Tominaga-Wada R. Overexpressing CAPRICE and GLABRA3 did not change the anthocyanin content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit peel. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1000131. [PMID: 26039466 PMCID: PMC4622734 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2014.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the R3-type MYB transcription factor CAPRICE (CPC) and bHLH transcription factor GLABRA3 (GL3) cooperatively regulate epidermal cell differentiation. CPC and GL3 are involved in root-hair differentiation, trichome initiation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis epidermal cells. Previously, we showed that CPC and GL3 also influence anthocyanin accumulation in tomato. Introduction of 35S::CPC into tomato significantly inhibits anthocyanin accumulation in cotyledons, leaves and stems. In contrast, introduction of GL3::GL3 strongly enhances anthocyanin accumulation in cotyledons, leaves and stems of tomato. In this study, we investigated the effect of CPC and GL3 on anthocyanin accumulation in the epidermis of tomato fruit. Unlike the results with vegetative tissues, overexpression of CPC and GL3 did not influence anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato fruit peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mio Onishi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Asuka Kunihiro
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rumi Tominaga-Wada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence to: Rumi Tominaga-Wada;
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