1
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Mineral and cross-linking in collagen fibrils: The mechanical behavior of bone tissue at the nano-scale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 159:106697. [PMID: 39182252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The mineralized collagen fibril is the main building block of hard tissues and it directly affects the macroscopic mechanics of biological tissues such as bone. The mechanical behavior of the fibril itself is determined by its structure: the content of collagen molecules, minerals, and cross-links, and the mechanical interactions and properties of these components. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) form cross-links between tropocollagen molecules within the collagen fibril and are one important factor that is believed to have a major influence on the tissue. For instance, it has been shown that brittleness in bone correlates with increased AGEs densities. However, the underlying nano-scale mechanisms within the mineralized collagen fibril remain unknown. Here, we study the effect of mineral and AGEs cross-linking on fibril deformation and fracture behavior by performing destructive tensile tests using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that after exceeding a critical content of mineral, it induces stiffening of the collagen fibril at high strain levels. We show that mineral morphology and location affect collagen fibril mechanics: The mineral content at which this stiffening occurs depends on the mineral's location and morphology. Further, both, increasing AGEs density and mineral content lead to stiffening and increased peak stresses. At low mineral contents, the mechanical response of the fibril is dominated by the AGEs, while at high mineral contents, the mineral itself determines fibril mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David S Kammer
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Gao Q, Jiang Y, Zhou D, Li G, Han Y, Yang J, Xu K, Jing Y, Bai L, Geng Z, Zhang H, Zhou G, Zhu M, Ji N, Han R, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Shen H, Wang G, Shi Z, Han Q, Chen X, Su J. Advanced glycation end products mediate biomineralization disorder in diabetic bone disease. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101694. [PMID: 39173634 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes often experience fragile fractures despite normal or higher bone mineral density (BMD), a phenomenon termed the diabetic bone paradox (DBP). The pathogenesis and therapeutics opinions for diabetic bone disease (DBD) are not fully explored. In this study, we utilize two preclinical diabetic models, the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice (DB) mouse model and the streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) mouse model. These models demonstrate higher BMD and lower mechanical strength, mirroring clinical observations in diabetic patients. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in diabetic bones, causing higher non-enzymatic crosslinking within collagen fibrils. This inhibits intrafibrillar mineralization and leads to disordered mineral deposition on collagen fibrils, ultimately reducing bone strength. Guanidines, inhibiting AGE formation, significantly improve the microstructure and biomechanical strength of diabetic bone and enhance bone fracture healing. Therefore, targeting AGEs may offer a strategy to regulate bone mineralization and microstructure, potentially preventing the onset of DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China.
| | - Dongyang Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Guangyin Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ji
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ruina Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Han
- Orthopaedic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
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3
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Rufin M, Nalbach M, Rakus M, Fuchs M, Poik M, Schitter G, Thurner PJ, Andriotis OG. Methylglyoxal alters collagen fibril nanostiffness and surface potential. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00483-5. [PMID: 39218277 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are fundamental to the mechanical strength and function of biological tissues. However, they are susceptible to changes from non-enzymatic glycation, resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that are not reversible. AGEs accumulate with aging and disease and can adversely impact tissue mechanics and cell-ECM interactions. AGE-crosslinks have been related, on the one hand, to dysregulation of collagen fibril stiffness and damage and, on the other hand, to altered collagen net surface charge as well as impaired cell recognition sites. While prior studies using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) have shown the effect glycation has on collagen fibril surface potential (i.e., net charge), the combined effect on individual and isolated collagen fibril mechanics, hydration, and surface potential has not been documented. Here, we explore how methylglyoxal (MGO) treatment affects the mechanics and surface potential of individual and isolated collagen fibrils by utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation and KPFM. Our results reveal that MGO treatment significantly increases nanostiffness, alters surface potential, and modifies hydration characteristics at the collagen fibril level. These findings underscore the critical impact of AGEs on collagen fibril physicochemical properties, offering insights into pathophysiological mechanical and biochemical alterations with implications for cell mechanotransduction during aging and in diabetes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen fibrils are susceptible to glycation, the irreversible reaction of amino acids with sugars. Glycation affects the mechanical properties and surface chemistry of collagen fibrils with adverse alterations in biological tissue mechanics and cell-ECM interactions. Current research on glycation, at the level of individual collagen fibrils, is sparse and has focused either on collagen fibril mechanics, with contradicting evidence, or surface potential. Here, we utilized a multimodal approach combining Kelvin probe force (KPFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine how methylglyoxal glycation induces structural, mechanical, and surface potential changes on the same individual and isolated collagen fibrils. This approach helps inform structure-function relationships at the level of individual collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rufin
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathis Nalbach
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Rakus
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Fuchs
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Poik
- Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Schitter
- Automation and Control Institute (ACIN), TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orestis G Andriotis
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 7, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Witt NJ, Woessner AE, Herrmann J, Quinn KP, Sander EA. Mechanical Models of Collagen Networks for Understanding Changes in the Failure Properties of Aging Skin. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071002. [PMID: 38183223 PMCID: PMC10983714 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Skin undergoes mechanical alterations due to changes in the composition and structure of the collagenous dermis with aging. Previous studies have conflicting findings, with both increased and decreased stiffness reported for aging skin. The underlying structure-function relationships that drive age-related changes are complex and difficult to study individually. One potential contributor to these variations is the accumulation of nonenzymatic crosslinks within collagen fibers, which affect dermal collagen remodeling and mechanical properties. Specifically, these crosslinks make individual fibers stiffer in their plastic loading region and lead to increased fragmentation of the collagenous network. To better understand the influence of these changes, we investigated the impact of nonenzymatic crosslink changes on the dermal microstructure using discrete fiber networks representative of the dermal microstructure. Our findings suggest that stiffening the plastic region of collagen's mechanical response has minimal effects on network-level stiffness and failure stresses. Conversely, simulating fragmentation through a loss of connectivity substantially reduces network stiffness and failure stress, while increasing stretch ratios at failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Witt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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5
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Coccini T, Caloni F, Russo LA, Villani L, Lonati D, De Simone U. 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids for in vitro neurotoxicity testing of methylglyoxal, highly reactive glycolysis byproduct and potent glycating agent. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100176. [PMID: 38975063 PMCID: PMC11225170 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-derived three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are advanced human cell-based model for their complexity, relevance and application in toxicity testing. Intracellular accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), the most potent glycating agent in humans, mainly generated as a by-product of glycolysis, is associated with age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In our study, 3D human stem-cell-derived neuronal spheroids were set up and applied to evaluate cytotoxic effects after short-term (5 to 48 h) treatments with different MGO concentrations, including low levels, taking into consideration several biochemical endpoints. In MGO-treated neurospheroids, reduced cell growth proliferation and decreased cell viability occurred early from 5-10 μM, and their compactness diminished starting from 100 μM, apparently without affecting spheroid size. MGO markedly caused loss of the neuronal markers MAP-2 and NSE from 10-50 μM, decreased the detoxifying Glo1 enzyme from 50 μM, and activated NF-kB by nuclear translocation. The cytochemical evaluation of the 3D sections showed the presence of necrotic cells with loss of nuclei. Apoptotic cells were observed from 50 μM MGO after 48 h, and from 100 μM after 24 h. MGO (50-10 µM) also induced modifications of the cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These effects worsened at the higher concentrations (300-500 µM). In 3D neuronal spheroids, MGO tested concentrations comparable to human samples levels measured in MGO-associated diseases, altered neuronal key signalling endpoints relevant for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The findings also demonstrated that the use of 3D neuronal spheroids of human origin can be useful in a strategy in vitro for testing MGO and other dicarbonyls evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Villani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pathology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Lonati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Lecompte L, Crouzier M, Bogaerts S, Scheys L, Vanwanseele B. Reduced Intratendinous Sliding in Achilles Tendinopathy During Active Plantarflexion Regardless of Horizontal Foot Position. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14679. [PMID: 38898554 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Achilles tendon consists of three subtendons with the ability to slide relative to each other. As optimal intratendinous sliding is thought to reduce the overall stress in the tendon, alterations in sliding behavior could potentially play a role in the development of Achilles tendinopathy. The aims of this study were to investigate the difference in intratendinous sliding within the Achilles tendon during isometric contractions between asymptomatic controls and patients with Achilles tendinopathy and the effect of changing the horizontal foot position on intratendinous sliding in both groups. METHODS Twenty-nine participants (13 Achilles tendinopathy and 16 controls) performed isometric plantarflexion contractions at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), in toes-neutral, and at 30% MVC in toes-neutral, toes-in, and toes-out positions during which ultrasound images were recorded. Intratendinous sliding was estimated as the superficial-to-middle and middle-to-deep relative displacement. RESULTS Patients with Achilles tendinopathy present lower intratendinous sliding than asymptomatic controls. Regarding the horizontal foot position in both groups, the toes-out foot position resulted in increased sliding compared with both toes-neutral and toes-out foot position. CONCLUSION We provided evidence that patients with Achilles tendinopathy show lower intratendinous sliding than asymptomatic controls. Since intratendinous sliding is a physiological feature of the Achilles tendon, the external foot position holds promise to increase sliding in patients with Achilles tendinopathy and promote healthy tendon behavior. Future research should investigate if implementing this external foot position in rehabilitation programs stimulates sliding within the Achilles tendon and improves clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lecompte
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Crouzier
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nantes Université, Mouvement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), Nantes, France
| | - Stijn Bogaerts
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Scheys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Orthopedics Division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Lai C, Li R, Tang W, Liu J, Duan XDXF, Bao D, Liu H, Fu S. Metabolic Syndrome and Tendon Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1597-1609. [PMID: 38616994 PMCID: PMC11015851 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s459060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifaceted pathological condition characterized by the atypical accumulation of various metabolic components such as central obesity or excess weight, hyperlipidemia, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Recently, MS has been recognized as a notable contributor to heart and circulatory diseases. In addition, with increasing research, the impact of MS on tendon repair and disease has gradually emerged. Recent studies have investigated the relationship between tendon healing and diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. However, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and various metabolic disorders often coexist and together constitute MS. At present, insulin resistance is considered the major pathological mechanism underlying MS, central obesity is regarded as the predominant factor responsible for it, and dyslipidemia and other metabolic diseases are known as secondary contributors to MS. This review aims to evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of various pathological conditions in MS on tendon recovery and illness, and to present a comprehensive overview of the effects of MS on tendon recovery and diseases, along with the accompanying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhao Lai
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruichen Li
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weili Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfang D X F Duan
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Mineral and cross-linking in collagen fibrils: The mechanical behavior of bone tissue at the nano-scale. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2403.11753v1. [PMID: 38562451 PMCID: PMC10984003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mineralized collagen fibril is the main building block of hard tissues and it directly affects the macroscopic mechanics of biological tissues such as bone. The mechanical behavior of the fibril itself is determined by its structure: the content of collagen molecules, minerals, and cross-links, and the mechanical interactions and properties of these components. Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) cross-linking between tropocollagen molecules within the collagen fibril is one important factor that is believed to have a major influence on the tissue. For instance, it has been shown that brittleness in bone correlates with increased AGEs densities. However, the underlying nano-scale mechanisms within the mineralized collagen fibril remain unknown. Here, we study the effect of mineral and AGEs cross-linking on fibril deformation and fracture behavior by performing destructive tensile tests using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that after exceeding a critical content of mineral, it induces stiffening of the collagen fibril at high strain levels. We show that mineral morphology and location affect collagen fibril mechanics: The mineral content at which this stiffening occurs depends on the mineral's location and morphology. Further, both, increasing AGEs density and mineral content lead to stiffening and increased peak stresses. At low mineral contents, the mechanical response of the fibril is dominated by the AGEs, while at high mineral contents, the mineral itself determines fibril mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Suhail A, Banerjee A, Rajesh R. Dissipation and recovery in collagen fibrils under cyclic loading: A molecular dynamics study. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024411. [PMID: 38491641 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The hysteretic behavior exhibited by collagen fibrils, when subjected to cyclic loading, is known to result in both dissipation as well as accumulation of residual strain. On subsequent relaxation, partial recovery has also been reported. Cross-links have been considered to play a key role in overall mechanical properties. Here, we modify an existing coarse-grained molecular dynamics model for collagen fibril with initially cross-linked collagen molecules, which is known to reproduce the response to uniaxial strain, by incorporating reformation of cross-links to allow for possible recovery of the fibril. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that our model successfully replicates the key features observed in experimental data, including the movement of hysteresis loops, the time evolution of residual strains and energy dissipation, as well as the recovery observed during relaxation. We also show that the characteristic cycle number, describing the approach toward steady state, has a value similar to that in experiments. We also emphasize the vital role of the degree of cross-linking on the key features of the macroscopic response to cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Suhail
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - R Rajesh
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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11
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Roy A, Gauld JW. Sulfilimine bond formation in collagen IV. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:646-657. [PMID: 38116662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The collagen IV network plays a crucial role in providing structural support and mechanical integrity to the basement membrane and surrounding tissues. A key aspect of this network is the formation of intra- and inter-collagen fibril crosslinks. One particular crosslink, an inter-residue sulfilimine bond, has been found, so far, to be unique to collagen IV. More specifically, these crosslinks are primarily formed between methionine and lysine or hydroxylysine residues and can occur within a single collagen fibril or between different collagen fibrils. Due to its significance as the major crosslink in the collagen IV network, the sulfilimine bond plays critical roles in tissue development and various human diseases. While the proposed reaction mechanism for sulfilimine bond formation is supported by experimental evidence, the precise nature of this bond remained uncertain until computational studies were conducted. The process involves the reaction of hypohalous acids (e.g., HOBr, HOCl), produced by a peroxidasin enzyme in the basement membrane, with the sidechain sulfur of methionine or sidechain nitrogen of lysine/hydroxylysine residues in collagen IV, to form halosulfonium or haloamine intermediates, respectively. The halosulfonium/haloamine then reacts with the sidechain amine/sulfide of the lysine (or hydroxylysine) or methionine respectively, eventually resulting in the formation of the sulfilimine (MetSNLys/Hyl) crosslink. The sulfilimine product formed not only plays a crucial role in physiological processes but also finds applications in various industrial and pharmaceutical contexts. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of existing studies, including our own research, aimed at understanding the reaction mechanism, protonation states, characteristic nature, and dynamic behavior of the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV. The goal is to offer readers an overview of this critically important biochemical bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupom Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - James W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Hui WH, Chen YL, Chang SW. Effects of aging and diabetes on the deformation mechanisms and molecular structural characteristics of collagen fibrils under daily activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127603. [PMID: 37871726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinking plays an important role in collagen-based tissues since it affects mechanical behavior and tissue metabolism. Aging and diabetes affect the type and density of crosslinking, effectively altering tissue properties. However, most studies focus on these effects under large stress rather than daily activities. We focus on the deformation mechanisms and structural change at the binding sites for integrins, proteoglycans, and collagenase in collagen fibrils using a fully atomistic model. We show that high-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking (our "HC" model, representing normal tissues) and advanced-glycation end-products (our "Glucosepane" model, which increase in diabetes) result in uniform deformation under daily activity, but low-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking (our "LC" model, representing aging tissues) does not. In particular, the HC model displays more sliding, which may explain the ability of healthy tissues to absorb more strain energy. In contrast, AGEs induce instability in the structures near the binding sites, which would affect the tissue metabolism of the collagen molecule. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of collagen and a possible explanation for the role of crosslinking in tissues undergoing daily activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Hui
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Van Gulick L, Saby C, Mayer C, Fossier E, Jaisson S, Okwieka A, Gillery P, Chenais B, Mimouni V, Morjani H, Beljebbar A. Biochemical and morpho-mechanical properties, and structural organization of rat tail tendon collagen in diet-induced obesity model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127936. [PMID: 37939767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of obesity on the structural organization, morpho-mechanical properties of collagen fibers from rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Polarized Raman microspectroscopy showed that the collagen bands 855, 875, 938, and 960 cm-1 as well as those 1631 and 1660 cm-1 were affected by diet. Mechanical properties exhibited an increase in the yield strength from control (CTRL) to high fat (HF) diet (9.60 ± 1.71 and 13.09 ± 1.81 MPa) (p < 0.01) and ultimate tensile strength (13.12 ± 2.37 and 18.32 ± 2.83 MPa) (p < 0.05) with no significant change in the Young's Modulus. During mechanical, the band at 875 cm-1 exhibited the most relevant frequency shift (2 cm-1). The intensity of those at 855, 875, and 938 cm-1 in HF collagen displayed a comparable response to mechanical stress as compared to CTRL collagen with no significant diet-related changes in the Full Width at Half Maximum. Second harmonic generation technique revealed i) similar fiber straightness (0.963 ± 0.004 and 0.965 ± 0.003) and ii) significant changes in fibers diameter (1.48 ± 0.07 and 1.52 ± 0.08 μm) (p < 0.05) and length (22.06 ± 2.38 and 29.00 ± 3.76 μm) (p < 0.001) between CTRL and HF diet, respectively. The quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed an increase in both carboxymethyl-lysine and total fluorescence AGEs from CTRL to HF RTTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Gulick
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Charles Saby
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Emilie Fossier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Anaïs Okwieka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Benoît Chenais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Abdelilah Beljebbar
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France.
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Wang CC, Chen PY, Yang KC, Wang CL, Chen IH. Current treatment concepts for Achilles tendon rupture. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:46-52. [PMID: 38406567 PMCID: PMC10887342 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_113_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a common and primary cause of lower limb tendon injury suffered during sports-related activities. The causes of Achilles tendon rupture include the calf muscle and tendon overuse, poor tendon quality, and various medical conditions. Historically, acute Achilles tendon rupture was treated conservatively. However, historical techniques are now associated with an increased risk of rerupture. To address this problem, open repair has been proposed. Open repair is associated with a reduced risk of rerupture; however, it is also closely associated with wound complications, like wound infection, whose treatment is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair has been proposed as a promising option with acceptable functional outcomes. Nevertheless, despite its benefits, minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair is associated with increased risks of sural nerve injury and rerupture. In this review, we evaluate the currently used treatment strategies for acute Achilles tendon rupture and their historical evolution to provide evidence-based recommendations for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abubakar M, Saleem A, Hajjaj M, Faiz H, Pragya A, Jamil R, Salim SS, Lateef IK, Singla D, Ramar R, Damara I, Shahid L. Sex-specific differences in risk factors, comorbidities, diagnostic challenges, optimal management, and prognostic outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A comprehensive literature review. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:235-256. [PMID: 37996694 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to hormonal variations, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains prevalent in women and affects almost half of the heart failure (HF) patients. Given the yearly death rate of 10-30% and the unavailability of medications targeting HFpEF, the need arises for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of this syndrome. This comprehensive review explores sex-specific differences in traditional risk factors; female-specific factors that may impact HFpEF development and response to therapy, including variations in hormone levels that may occur pre- and post-menopausal or during pregnancy; and disparities in comorbidities, clinical presentation, and diagnostic challenges. Lastly, the review addresses prognostic outcomes, noting that women with HFpEF have a poor quality of life but a higher survival rate. It also discusses novel biomarkers and precision medicine, emphasizing their potential to improve early detection and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, 6 Birdwood Road, Jinnah Town, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Hajjaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Faiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aastha Pragya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rosheen Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Siffat Saima Salim
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Deepak Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajasekar Ramar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ivan Damara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laraib Shahid
- Department of Dermatology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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16
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Advanced-Glycation Endproducts: How cross-linking properties affect the collagen fibril behavior. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106198. [PMID: 37890341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) are known to be a major cause of impaired tissue material properties. In collagen fibrils, which constitute a major building component of human tissue, these AGEs appear as fibrillar cross-links. It has been shown that when AGEs accumulate in collagen fibrils, a process often caused by diabetes and aging, the mechanical properties of the collagen fibril are altered. However, current knowledge about the mechanical properties of different types of AGEs, and their quantity in collagen fibrils is limited owing to the scarcity of available experimental data. Consequently, the precise relationship between the nano-scale cross-link properties, which differ from type to type, their density in collagen fibrils, and the mechanical properties of the collagen fibrils at larger scales remains poorly understood. In our study, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and perform destructive tensile tests on collagen fibrils to evaluate the effect of different cross-link densities and their mechanical properties on collagen fibril deformation and fracture behavior. We observe that the collagen fibril stiffens at high strain levels when either the AGEs density or the loading energy capacity of AGEs are increased. Based on our results, we demonstrate that this stiffening is caused by a mechanism that favors energy absorption via stretching rather than inter-molecular sliding. Hence, in these cross-linked collagen fibrils, the absorbed energy is stored rather than dissipated through friction, resulting in brittle fracture upon fibrillar failure. Further, by varying multiple AGEs nano-scale parameters, we show that the AGEs loading energy capacity is, aside from their density in the fibril, the unique factor determining the effect of different types of AGEs on the mechanical behavior of collagen fibrils. Our results show that knowing AGEs properties is crucial for a better understanding of the nano-scale origin of impaired tissue behavior. We further suggest that future experimental investigations should focus on the quantification of the loading energy capacity of AGEs as a key property for their influence on collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David S Kammer
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lyu C, Kong W, Liu Z, Wang S, Zhao P, Liang K, Niu Y, Yang W, Xiang C, Hu X, Li X, Du Y. Advanced glycation end-products as mediators of the aberrant crosslinking of extracellular matrix in scarred liver tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1437-1454. [PMID: 37037967 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of cirrhotic liver tissue is highly crosslinked. Here we show that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) mediate crosslinking in liver extracellular matrix and that high levels of crosslinking are a hallmark of cirrhosis. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the degree of crosslinking of the matrix of decellularized cirrhotic liver samples from patients and from two mouse models of liver fibrosis and show that the structure, biomechanics and degree of AGE-mediated crosslinking of the matrices can be recapitulated in collagen matrix crosslinked by AGEs in vitro. Analyses via cryo-electron microscopy and optical tweezers revealed that crosslinked collagen fibrils form thick bundles with reduced stress relaxation rates; moreover, they resist remodelling by macrophages, leading to reductions in their levels of adhesion-associated proteins, altering HDAC3 expression and the organization of their cytoskeleton, and promoting a type II immune response of macrophages. We also show that rosmarinic acid inhibited AGE-mediated crosslinking and alleviated the progression of fibrosis in mice. Our findings support the development of therapeutics targeting crosslinked extracellular matrix in scarred liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaini Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Canhong Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Ghadie NM, Labrosse MR, St-Pierre JP. Glycosaminoglycans modulate compressive stiffness and circumferential residual stress in the porcine thoracic aorta. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:556-566. [PMID: 37683966 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the aorta are influenced by the extracellular matrix, a network mainly comprised of fibers and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). In this work, we demonstrate that GAG contribute to the opening angle (a marker of circumferential residual stresses) in intact and glycated aortic tissue. Enzymatic GAG depletion was associated with a decrease in the opening angle, by approximately 25% (p = 0.009) in the ascending (AS) region, 32% (p = 0.003) in the aortic arch (AR), and 42% (p = 0.001) in the lower descending thoracic (LDT) region. A similar effect of GAG depletion on aortic ring opening angle was also observed in previously glycated tissues. Using indentation testing, we found that the radial compressive stiffness significantly increased in the AS region following GAG depletion, compared to fresh (p = 0.006) and control samples (p = 0.021), and that the compressive properties are heterogeneous along the aortic tree. A small loss of water content was also detected after GAG depletion, which was most prominent under hypotonic conditions. Finally, the AS region was also associated with a significant loss of compressive deformation (circumferential stretch that is < 1) in the inner layer of the aorta following GAG depletion, suggesting that GAG interact with ECM fibers in their effect on aortic mechanics. The importance of this work lies in its identification of the role of GAG in modulating the mechanical properties of the aorta, namely the circumferential residual stresses and the radial compressive stiffness, as well as contributing to the swelling state and the level of circumferential prestretch in the tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanical properties of the aorta are influenced by the composition and organization of its extracellular matrix (ECM) and are highly relevant to medical conditions affecting the structural integrity of the aorta. The extent of contribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), a relatively minor ECM component, to the mechanical properties of the aorta, remains poorly characterized. This works shows that GAG contribute on average 30% to the opening angle (an indicator of circumferential residual stresses) of porcine aortas, and that GAG-depletion is associated with an increased radial compressive stiffness of the aorta. GAG-depletion was also associated with a loss of water content and compressive deformation in the inner layers of the aortic wall providing insight into potential mechanisms for their biomechanical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M Ghadie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Michel R Labrosse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada.
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Chang CL. Facilitation of Ovarian Response by Mechanical Force-Latest Insight on Fertility Improvement in Women with Poor Ovarian Response or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14751. [PMID: 37834198 PMCID: PMC10573075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in fertility in aging women, especially those with poor ovarian response (POR) or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a major concern for modern IVF centers. Fertility treatments have traditionally relied on gonadotropin- and steroid-hormone-based IVF practices, but these methods have limitations, especially for women with aging ovaries. Researchers have been motivated to explore alternative approaches. Ovarian aging is a complicated process, and the deterioration of oocytes, follicular cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the stromal compartment can all contribute to declining fertility. Adjunct interventions that involve the use of hormones, steroids, and cofactors and gamete engineering are two major research areas aimed to improve fertility in aging women. Additionally, mechanical procedures including the In Vitro Activation (IVA) procedure, which combines pharmacological activators and fragmentation of ovarian strips, and the Whole Ovary Laparoscopic Incision (WOLI) procedure that solely relies on mechanical manipulation in vivo have shown promising results in improving follicle growth and fertility in women with POR and POI. Advances in the use of mechanical procedures have brought exciting opportunities to improve fertility outcomes in aging women with POR or POI. While the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to fertility decline in aging women remains a major challenge for further improvement of mechanical-manipulation-based approaches, recent progress has provided a better view of how these procedures promote folliculogenesis in the fibrotic and avascular aging ovaries. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the potential mechanisms that contribute to ovarian aging in POI and POR patients, followed by a discussion of measures that aim to improve ovarian folliculogenesis in aging women. At last, we discuss the likely mechanisms that contribute to the outcomes of IVA and WOLI procedures and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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20
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Zhou M, Archibeck ES, Feteih Y, Abubakr Y, O'Connell GD. Non-enzymatic glycation increases the failure risk of annulus fibrosus by predisposing the extrafibrillar matrix to greater stresses. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:223-234. [PMID: 37433360 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing clinical evidence suggests a correlation between diabetes and more frequent and severe intervertebral disc failure, partially attributed to accelerated advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulation in the annulus fibrosus (AF) through non-enzymatic glycation. However, in vitro glycation (i.e., crosslinking) reportedly improved AF uniaxial tensile mechanical properties, contradicting clinical observations. Thus, this study used a combined experimental-computational approach to evaluate the effect of AGEs on anisotropic AF tensile mechanics, applying finite element models (FEMs) to complement experimental testing and examine difficult-to-measure subtissue-level mechanics. Methylglyoxal-based treatments were applied to induce three physiologically relevant AGE levels in vitro. Models incorporated crosslinks by adapting our previously validated structure-based FEM framework. Experimental results showed that a threefold increase in AGE content resulted in a ∼55% increase in AF circumferential-radial tensile modulus and failure stress and a 40% increase in radial failure stress. Failure strain was unaffected by non-enzymatic glycation. Adapted FEMs accurately predicted experimental AF mechanics with glycation. Model predictions showed that glycation increased stresses in the extrafibrillar matrix under physiologic deformations, which may increase tissue mechanical failure or trigger catabolic remodeling, providing insight into the relationship between AGE accumulation and increased tissue failure. Our findings also added to the existing literature regarding crosslinking structures, indicating that AGEs had a greater effect along the fiber direction, while interlamellar radial crosslinks were improbable in the AF. In summary, the combined approach presented a powerful tool for examining multiscale structure-function relationships with disease progression in fiber-reinforced soft tissues, which is essential for developing effective therapeutic measures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Increasing clinical evidence correlates diabetes with premature intervertebral disc failure, likely due to advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulation in the annulus fibrosus (AF). However, in vitro glycation reportedly increases AF tensile stiffness and toughness, contradicting clinical observations. Using a combined experimental-computational approach, our work shows that increases in AF bulk tensile mechanical properties with glycation are achieved at the risk of exposing the extrafibrillar matrix to increased stresses under physiologic deformations, which may increase tissue mechanical failure or trigger catabolic remodeling. Computational results indicate that crosslinks along the fiber direction account for 90% of the increased tissue stiffness with glycation, adding to the existing literature. These findings provide insight into the multiscale structure-function relationship between AGE accumulation and tissue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Erin S Archibeck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Yarah Feteih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Yousuf Abubakr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 5122 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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21
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Pierantoni M, Silva Barreto I, Hammerman M, Novak V, Diaz A, Engqvist J, Eliasson P, Isaksson H. Multimodal and multiscale characterization reveals how tendon structure and mechanical response are altered by reduced loading. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:264-276. [PMID: 37479155 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are collagen-based connective tissues where the composition, structure and mechanics respond and adapt to the local mechanical environment. Adaptation to prolonged inactivity can result in stiffer tendons that are more prone to injury. However, the complex relation between reduced loading, structure, and mechanical performance is still not fully understood. This study combines mechanical testing with high-resolution synchrotron X-ray imaging, scattering techniques and histology to elucidate how reduced loading affects the structural properties and mechanical response of rat Achilles tendons on multiple length scales. The results show that reduced in vivo loading leads to more crimped and less organized fibers and this structural inhomogeneity could be the reason for the altered mechanical response. Unloading also seems to change the fibril response, possibly by altering the strain partitioning between hierarchical levels, and to reduce cell density. This study elucidates the relation between in vivo loading, the Achilles tendon nano-, meso‑structure and mechanical response. The results provide fundamental insights into the mechanoregulatory mechanisms guiding the intricate biomechanics, tissue structural organization, and performance of complex collagen-based tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Achilles tendon properties allow a dynamic interaction between muscles and tendon and influence force transmission during locomotion. Lack of physiological loading can have dramatic effects on tendon structure and mechanical properties. We have combined the use of cutting-edge high-resolution synchrotron techniques with mechanical testing to show how reduced loading affects the tendon on multiple hierarchical levels (from nanoscale up to whole organ) clarifying the relation between structural changes and mechanical performance. Our findings set the first step to address a significant healthcare challenge, such as the design of tailored rehabilitations that take into consideration structural changes after tendon immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Malin Hammerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Engqvist
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Eliasson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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22
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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Advanced-Glycation Endproducts: How cross-linking properties affect the collagen fibril behavior. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2308.05514v1. [PMID: 37608934 PMCID: PMC10441443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) are known to be a major cause of impaired tissue material properties. In collagen fibrils, which constitute a major building component of human tissue, these AGEs appear as fibrillar cross-links. It has been shown that when AGEs accumulate in collagen fibrils, a process often caused by diabetes and aging, the mechanical properties of the collagen fibril are altered. However, current knowledge about the mechanical properties of different types of AGEs, and their quantity in collagen fibrils is limited owing to the scarcity of available experimental data. Consequently, the precise relationship between the nano-scale cross-link properties, which differ from type to type, their density in collagen fibrils, and the mechanical properties of the collagen fibrils at larger scales remains poorly understood. In our study, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and perform destructive tensile tests on collagen fibrils to evaluate the effect of different cross-link densities and their mechanical properties on collagen fibril deformation and fracture behavior. We observe that the collagen fibril stiffens at high strain levels when either the AGEs density or the loading energy capacity of AGEs are increased. Based on our results, we demonstrate that this stiffening is caused by a mechanism that favors energy absorption via stretching rather than inter-molecular sliding. Hence, in these cross-linked collagen fibrils, the absorbed energy is stored rather than dissipated through friction, resulting in brittle fracture upon fibrillar failure. Further, by varying multiple AGEs nano-scale parameters, we show that the AGEs loading energy capacity is, aside from their density in the fibril, the unique factor determining the effect of different types of AGEs on the mechanical behavior of collagen fibrils. Our results show that knowing AGEs properties is crucial for a better understanding of the nano-scale origin of impaired tissue behavior. We further suggest that future experimental investigations should focus on the quantification of the loading energy capacity of AGEs as a key property for their influence on collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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23
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Kamml J, Ke CY, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. The influence of AGEs and enzymatic cross-links on the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105870. [PMID: 37156073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, one of the main building blocks for various tissues, derives its mechanical properties directly from its structure of cross-linked tropocollagen molecules. The cross-links are considered to be a key component of collagen fibrils as they can change the fibrillar behavior in various ways. For instance, enzymatic cross-links (ECLs), one particular type of cross-links, are known for stabilizing the structure of the fibril and improving material properties, while cross-linking AGEs (Advanced-Glycation Endproducts) have been shown to accumulate and impair the mechanical properties of collageneous tissues. However, the reasons for whether and how a given type of cross-link improves or impairs the material properties remain unknown, and the exact relationship between the cross-link properties and density, and the fibrillar behavior is still not well understood. Here, we use coarse-grained steered molecular models to evaluate the effect of AGEs and ECLs cross-links content on the deformation and failure properties of collagen fibrils. Our simulations show that the collagen fibrils stiffen at high strain levels when the AGEs content exceeds a critical value. In addition, the strength of the fibril increases with AGEs accumulation. By analyzing the forces within the different types of cross-links (AGEs and ECLs) as well as their failure, we demonstrate that a change of deformation mechanism is at the origin of these observations. A high AGEs content reinforces force transfer through AGEs cross-links rather than through friction between sliding tropocollagen molecules, which leads to failure by breaking of bonds within the tropocollagen molecules. We show that this failure mechanism, which is associated with lower energy dissipation, results in more abrupt failure of the collagen fibril. Our results provide a direct and causal link between increased AGEs content, inhibited intra-fibrillar sliding, increased stiffness, and abrupt fibril fracture. Therefore, they explain the mechanical origin of bone brittleness as commonly observed in elderly and diabetic populations. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired tissue behavior due to elevated AGEs content and could enable targeted measures regarding the reduction of specific collagen cross-linking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Yu Ke
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David S Kammer
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Añazco C, Riedelsberger J, Vega-Montoto L, Rojas A. Exploring the Interplay between Polyphenols and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes for Maintaining Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10985. [PMID: 37446164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the most abundant structural protein found in mammals, plays a vital role as a constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells. Collagen fibrils are strengthened through the formation of covalent cross-links, which involve complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is responsible for catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine and hydroxylysine residues, resulting in the production of aldehydes, allysine, and hydroxyallysine. These intermediates undergo spontaneous condensation reactions, leading to the formation of immature cross-links, which are the initial step in the development of mature covalent cross-links. Additionally, non-enzymatic glycation contributes to the formation of abnormal cross-linking in collagen fibrils. During glycation, specific lysine and arginine residues in collagen are modified by reducing sugars, leading to the creation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). These AGEs have been associated with changes in the mechanical properties of collagen fibers. Interestingly, various studies have reported that plant polyphenols possess amine oxidase-like activity and can act as potent inhibitors of protein glycation. This review article focuses on compiling the literature describing polyphenols with amine oxidase-like activity and antiglycation properties. Specifically, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which specific flavonoids impact or protect the normal collagen cross-linking process. Furthermore, we discuss how these dual activities can be harnessed to generate properly cross-linked collagen molecules, thereby promoting the stabilization of highly organized collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Añazco
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Lorenzo Vega-Montoto
- Chemical and Radiation Measurement, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), 1705 N. Yellowstone Hwy, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
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25
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Statzer C, Park JYC, Ewald CY. Extracellular Matrix Dynamics as an Emerging yet Understudied Hallmark of Aging and Longevity. Aging Dis 2023; 14:670-693. [PMID: 37191434 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECM) and their consequences for cellular homeostasis have recently emerged as a driver of aging. Here we review the age-dependent deterioration of ECM in the context of our current understanding of the aging processes. We discuss the reciprocal interactions of longevity interventions with ECM remodeling. And the relevance of ECM dynamics captured by the matrisome and the matreotypes associated with health, disease, and longevity. Furthermore, we highlight that many established longevity compounds promote ECM homeostasis. A large body of evidence for the ECM to qualify as a hallmark of aging is emerging, and the data in invertebrates is promising. However, direct experimental proof that activating ECM homeostasis is sufficient to slow aging in mammals is lacking. We conclude that further research is required and anticipate that a conceptual framework for ECM biomechanics and homeostasis will provide new strategies to promote health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Statzer
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland
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26
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Amiruddin Hashmi M, Kausar T, Alam Khan M, Younus H. Assessing the inhibition of glycation of ζ-crystallin by thymoquinone: A mechanistic approach using experimental and computational methods. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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27
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Gouldin AG, Patel NK, Golladay GJ, Puetzer JL. Advanced glycation end-product accumulation differs by location and sex in aged osteoarthritic human menisci. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:363-373. [PMID: 36494052 PMCID: PMC10088070 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a clear link between increasing age and meniscus degeneration, leading to increased injury, osteoarthritis (OA) progression, and often total knee replacement. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are non-enzymatic crosslinks and adducts that accumulate in collagen with age, altering tissue mechanics and cell function, ultimately leading to increased injury and inflammation. AGEs, both fluorescent and non-fluorescent, play a central role in age-related degradation of tissues throughout the body; however, little is known about their role in meniscus degeneration. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in aged OA menisci, specifically evaluating zonal AGE accumulation, to gain a better understanding of changes that may lead to age-related meniscal degeneration. METHOD Deidentified human menisci (N = 48, 52-84 years old) were obtained from subjects undergoing total knee replacement. Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) were assessed by gross morphology, confocal analysis, and biochemical assays. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, and AGE accumulation were compared with patient age, zonal region, and patient sex. RESULTS There were minimal changes in DNA, GAG, and collagen concentration with age or zone. However, collagen fraying and AGEs increased with age, with more AGEs accumulating in the meniscal horns compared to the central body and in male menisci compared to females. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work provides greater insights into regional changes that occur in human menisci with age and OA. These results suggest AGEs may play a role in the degeneration of the meniscus, with AGEs being a possible target to reduce age-related tears, degeneration, and OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Gouldin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - N K Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - G J Golladay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - J L Puetzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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28
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Kamml J, Ke CY, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. The influence of AGEs and enzymatic cross-links on the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2301.13010v1. [PMID: 36776815 PMCID: PMC9915749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cross-links are considered to be a key component of collagen fibrils as they can change the fibrillar behavior in various ways. Advanced-Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), one particular type of cross-links, have been shown to accumulate and impair the mechanical properties of collageneous tissues, whereas enzymatic cross-links (ECLs) are known for stabilizing the structure of the fibril. However, the reasons for whether a given type of cross-link improves or impairs the material properties remain unknown. Here, we use coarse-grained steered molecular models to evaluate the effect of AGEs and ECLs cross-links content on the deformation and failure properties of collagen fibrils. Our simulations show that the collagen fibrils stiffen at high strain levels when the AGEs content exceeds a critical value. In addition, the strength of the fibril increases with AGEs accumulation. By analyzing the forces within the different types of cross-links (AGEs and ECLs) as well as their failure, we demonstrate that a change of deformation mechanism is at the origin of these observations. A high AGEs content reinforces force transfer through AGEs cross-links rather than through friction between sliding tropocollagen molecules. We show that this failure mechanism, which is associated with lower energy dissipation, results in more abrupt failure of the collagen fibril. Our results provide a direct and causal link between increased AGEs content, inhibited intra-fibrillar sliding, increased stiffness, and abrupt fibril fracture. Therefore, they explain the mechanical origin of bone brittleness as commonly observed in elderly and diabetic populations. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired tissue behaviour due to elevated AGEs content and could enable targeted measures regarding the reduction of specific collagen cross-linking levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Yu Ke
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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29
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Silva Barreto I, Pierantoni M, Hammerman M, Törnquist E, Le Cann S, Diaz A, Engqvist J, Liebi M, Eliasson P, Isaksson H. Nanoscale characterization of collagen structural responses to in situ loading in rat Achilles tendons. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:32-47. [PMID: 36435426 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific viscoelastic mechanical properties of Achilles tendons are highly dependent on the structural characteristics of collagen at and between all hierarchical levels. Research has been conducted on the deformation mechanisms of positional tendons and single fibrils, but knowledge about the coupling between the whole tendon and nanoscale deformation mechanisms of more commonly injured energy-storing tendons, such as Achilles tendons, remains sparse. By exploiting the highly periodic arrangement of tendons at the nanoscale, in situ loading of rat Achilles tendons during small-angle X-ray scattering acquisition was used to investigate the collagen structural response during load to rupture, cyclic loading and stress relaxation. The fibril strain was substantially lower than the applied tissue strain. The fibrils strained linearly in the elastic region of the tissue, but also exhibited viscoelastic properties, such as an increased stretchability and recovery during cyclic loading and fibril strain relaxation during tissue stress relaxation. We demonstrate that the changes in the width of the collagen reflections could be attributed to strain heterogeneity and not changes in size of the coherently diffracting domains. Fibril strain heterogeneity increased with applied loads and after the toe region, fibrils also became increasingly disordered. Additionally, a thorough evaluation of radiation damage was performed. In conclusion, this study clearly displays the simultaneous structural response and adaption of the collagen fibrils to the applied tissue loads and provide novel information about the transition of loads between length scales in the Achilles tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Hammerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elin Törnquist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Le Cann
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Engqvist
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marianne Liebi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Department of Physics, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pernilla Eliasson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Al-Robaiy S, Navarrete Santos A, Simm A. RAGE-Dependent Effect of Exogenous Methylglyoxal Intake on Lung Biomechanics in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010023. [PMID: 36615680 PMCID: PMC9823870 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a known highly reactive dicarbonyl and precursor to free radicals and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). It is discussed to be involved in tissue aging and in the pathogenesis of different degenerative diseases. The effect of long-term oral administration of MG, simulating dietary MG intake, on the lung biomechanics of wild type (WT) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products knockout (RAGE-KO) mice was studied using an ex vivo ventilation system starting at the age of 6 months and after feeding for 6 and 12 months with MG. Our results showed that MG was taken up in the circulation and efficiently excreted with urine. The amount of free urinary MG measured after 12 months of feeding was lowered. After 12 months feeding, a significant airway resistance increase accompanied by a decrease of the maximal inspiratory airflow was observed in WT animals. No effect of MG in lung function of RAGE-KO mice could be detected. Despite the evidence that MG entered the systemic circulation, no MG-derived AGE accumulation was detected in the lung lysates in dependency on MG-feeding. Our data indicate that the short-term feeding of MG has little effect in vivo. Only after long-term treatment was MG secretion reduced, leading to tissue impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiya Al-Robaiy
- Center for Basic Medical Research (ZMG), University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3455571339; Fax: +49-3455575524
| | - Alexander Navarrete Santos
- Center for Basic Medical Research (ZMG), University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Center for Basic Medical Research (ZMG), University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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31
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Kayser F, Bori E, Fourny S, Hontoir F, Clegg P, Dugdale A, Vandeweerd JM, Innocenti B. Ex vivo study correlating the stiffness of the ovine patellar tendon to age and weight. Int Biomech 2022; 9:1-9. [PMID: 35929916 PMCID: PMC9359184 DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2022.2108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system. In humans, tendon injuries, especially chronic tendinopathy, are very common and the patellar tendon is a frequent location for tendinopathy or injuries. The biomechanical characteristics of the patellar tendon, such as elasticity and stiffness, are of paramount importance and constitute major outcome measures in research studies. We aimed to assess whether the stiffness of the healthy ovine patellar tendon changes with age and weight in a population of normal animals. Sixty-eight 'patella-patellar tendon-tibial tuberosity' units from thirty-four Ile-de-France ewes of body mass 65 to 95 kg, euthanized for reasons other than musculoskeletal diseases, underwent a tensile test providing a measure of the tendon stiffness. Animals were sorted into three categories of age (1-2 yo, 3-5 yo, 6-10 yo). We found a positive but not significant correlation between age category and stiffness (r = 0.22, p = 0.27). There was a significantly positive correlation between weight and stiffness (r = 0.39, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the study characterized biomechanical properties of healthy tendons, provided useful reference values, and established the basis for future biomechanical tests on healing tendons in sheep. The most appropriate sheep population for those future studies would be non-overweight young adults presenting with no lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Kayser
- Department of Medical Imaging, CHU UCL NAMUR (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Université Catholique de Louvain-NAMUR) site Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Edoardo Bori
- BEAMS Department (Bio-Electro and Mechanical System), ULB (Université Libre de Bruxelles)-Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sophie Fourny
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Fanny Hontoir
- NaRILiS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences)-IRVU (Integrated Veterinary Research Unit), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Peter Clegg
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Alexandra Dugdale
- Units E & F, Telford Court, Dunkirk Trading Estate, Gates Lane, Chester Gates Veterinary Specialists CVS (UK) Ltd, Chester, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Vandeweerd
- NaRILiS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences)-IRVU (Integrated Veterinary Research Unit), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Innocenti
- BEAMS Department (Bio-Electro and Mechanical System), ULB (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Bruxelles, Belgium
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Takenokuchi M, Matsumoto K, Nitta Y, Takasugi R, Inoue Y, Iwai M, Kadoyama K, Yoshida K, Takano-Ohmuro H, Taniguchi T. In Vitro and In Vivo Antiglycation Effects of Connarus ruber Extract. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1026-1035. [PMID: 34861700 DOI: 10.1055/a-1690-3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of the Maillard reaction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Connarus ruber has been used as a folk remedy for several diseases, including diabetes; however, its underlying mechanism has not yet been investigated. This study investigated the effects of C. ruber extract against glycation on collagen-linked AGEs in vitro and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ-DM rats) in vivo. The antiglycation activities of C. ruber extract and aminoguanidine (AG) were examined using a collagen glycation assay kit. Nonfluorescent AGE, Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), Nω-carboxymethyl arginine, and Nε-carboxyethyl lysine levels were measured via electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of the extract on the cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal (MG), a precursor of AGEs, was examined in HL60 cells. STZ-DM rats were treated with the extract for 4 wk, and the effect was assessed using biochemical markers in the serum and CML-positive cells in renal tissues. C. ruber extract dose-dependently inhibited the glycation of collagen and formation of nonfluorescent AGEs, which was comparable to AG, and it significantly attenuated MG-induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells. Furthermore, the glycated albumin levels in STZ-DM rats decreased, the increase in serum lipid levels was reversed, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CML deposition in the glomerulus of STZ-DM rats significantly decreased. Although further studies are needed, C. ruber could be a potential therapeutic for preventing and progressing many pathological conditions, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takenokuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Matsumoto
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitta
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michi Iwai
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kadoyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | | - Taizo Taniguchi
- Research Institute for Human Health Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Pharmacrea Kobe Co. Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Willett TL, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Causative or associative: A critical review of the role of advanced glycation end-products in bone fragility. Bone 2022; 163:116485. [PMID: 35798196 PMCID: PMC10062699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone with aging and chronic disease such as diabetes is thought to increase fracture risk independently of bone mass. However, to date, there has not been a clinical trial to determine whether inhibiting the accumulation of AGEs is effective in preventing low-energy, fragility fractures. Moreover, unlike with cardiovascular or kidney disease, there are also no pre-clinical studies demonstrating that AGE inhibitors or breakers can prevent the age- or diabetes-related decrease in the ability of bone to resist fracture. In this review, we critically examine the case for a long-standing hypothesis that AGE accumulation in bone tissue degrades the toughening mechanisms by which bone resists fracture. Prior research into the role of AGEs in bone has primarily measured pentosidine, an AGE crosslink, or bulk fluorescence of hydrolysates of bone. While significant correlations exist between these measurements and mechanical properties of bone, multiple AGEs are both non-fluorescent and non-crosslinking. Since clinical studies are equivocal on whether circulating pentosidine is an indicator of elevated fracture risk, there needs to be a more complete understanding of the different types of AGEs including non-crosslinking adducts and multiple non-enzymatic crosslinks in bone extracellular matrix and their specific contributions to hindering fracture resistance (biophysical and biological). By doing so, effective strategies to target AGE accumulation in bone with minimal side effects could be investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that aim to prevent fragility fractures in conditions that bone mass is not the underlying culprit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Willett
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Haverkamp RG, Sizeland KH, Wells HC, Kamma-Lorger C. Collagen dehydration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Gouldin AG, Brown ME, Puetzer JL. An inducible model for unraveling the effects of advanced glycation end-product accumulation in aging connective tissues. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:406-424. [PMID: 34706612 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1991333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In connective tissues there is a clear link between increasing age and degeneration. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are believed to play a central role. AGEs are sugar-induced non-enzymatic crosslinks which accumulate in collagen with age and diabetes, altering tissue mechanics and cellular function. Despite ample correlative evidence linking collagen glycation to tissue degeneration, little is known how AGEs impact cell-matrix interactions, limiting therapeutic options. One reason for this limited understanding is that AGEs are typically induced using high concentrations of ribose which decrease cell viability, making it impossible to investigate cell-matrix interactions. The objective of this study was to develop a system to trigger AGE accumulation while maintaining cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cell-seeded high density collagen gels, we investigated the effect of two systems for AGE induction, ribose at low concentrations (30, 100, and 200 mM) over 15 days of culture and riboflavin (0.25 and 0.75 mM) induced with blue light for 40 seconds (riboflavin-465 nm). RESULTS We found ribose and riboflavin-465 nm treatment produces fluorescent AGE quantities which match and/or exceed human fluorescent AGE levels for various tissues, ages, and diseases, without affecting cell viability or metabolism. Interestingly, a 40 second treatment of riboflavin-465 nm produced similar levels of fluorescent AGEs as 3 days of 100 mM ribose treatment. CONCLUSIONS Riboflavin-465 nm is a promising method to trigger AGEs on demand in vivo or in vitro without impacting cell viability and offers potential for unraveling the mechanism of AGEs in age and diabetes related tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Gouldin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - M Ethan Brown
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer L Puetzer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering; Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Abstract
Tendons are collagen-rich musculoskeletal tissues that possess the mechanical strength needed to transfer forces between muscles and bones. The mechanical development and function of tendons are impacted by collagen crosslinks. However, there is a limited understanding of how collagen crosslinking is regulated in tendon during development and aging. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to highlight potential regulators of enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking and how they impact tendon function. The main collagen crosslinking enzymes include lysyl oxidase (LOX) and the lysyl oxidase-like isoforms (LOXL), whereas non-enzymatic crosslinking is mainly mediated by the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Regulators of the LOX and LOXL enzymes may include mechanical stimuli, mechanotransducive cell signaling pathways, sex hormones, transforming growth factor (TGF)β family, hypoxia, and interactions with intracellular or extracellular proteins. AGE accumulation in tendon is due to diabetic conditions and aging, and can be mediated by diet and mechanical stimuli. The formation of these enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinks plays a major role in tendon biomechanics and in the mechanisms of force transfer. A more complete understanding of how enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking is regulated in tendon will better inform tissue engineering and regenerative therapies aimed at restoring the mechanical function of damaged tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Ellingson
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - N.M. Pancheri
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - N.R. Schiele
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA,Address for correspondence: Nathan R. Schiele, Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, Moscow, ID, USA. Telephone number: 208 8859063
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37
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Lynch DH, Spangler HB, Franz JR, Krupenevich RL, Kim H, Nissman D, Zhang J, Li YY, Sumner S, Batsis JA. Multimodal Diagnostic Approaches to Advance Precision Medicine in Sarcopenia and Frailty. Nutrients 2022; 14:1384. [PMID: 35405997 PMCID: PMC9003228 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function with aging, is a geriatric syndrome with important implications for patients and healthcare systems. Sarcopenia increases the risk of clinical decompensation when faced with physiological stressors and increases vulnerability, termed frailty. Sarcopenia develops due to inflammatory, hormonal, and myocellular changes in response to physiological and pathological aging, which promote progressive gains in fat mass and loss of lean mass and muscle strength. Progression of these pathophysiological changes can lead to sarcopenic obesity and physical frailty. These syndromes independently increase the risk of adverse patient outcomes including hospitalizations, long-term care placement, mortality, and decreased quality of life. This risk increases substantially when these syndromes co-exist. While there is evidence suggesting that the progression of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and frailty can be slowed or reversed, the adoption of broad-based screening or interventions has been slow to implement. Factors contributing to slow implementation include the lack of cost-effective, timely bedside diagnostics and interventions that target fundamental biological processes. This paper describes how clinical, radiographic, and biological data can be used to evaluate older adults with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and to further the understanding of the mechanisms leading to declines in physical function and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Hillary B. Spangler
- Division of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jason R. Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Rebecca L. Krupenevich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.F.); (R.L.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Daniel Nissman
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.N.); (J.Z.)
| | - Janet Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.N.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.-Y.L.); (S.S.)
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38
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Schuh CMAP, Leiva-Sabadini C, Huang S, Barrera NP, Bozec L, Aguayo S. Nanomechanical and Molecular Characterization of Aging in Dentinal Collagen. J Dent Res 2022; 101:840-847. [PMID: 35130787 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211072484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an important molecule derived from glucose metabolism with the capacity of attaching to collagen and generating advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in tissues over time and are associated with aging and diseases. However, the accumulation of MGO-derived AGEs in dentin and their effect on the nanomechanical properties of dentinal collagen remain unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to quantify MGO-based AGEs in the organic matrix of human dentin as a function of age and associate these changes with alterations in the nanomechanical and ultrastructural properties of dentinal collagen. For this, 12 healthy teeth from <26-y-old and >50-y-old patients were collected and prepared to obtain crown and root dentin discs. Following demineralization, MGO-derived AGEs were quantified with a competitive ELISA. In addition, atomic force microscopy nanoindentation was utilized to measure changes in elastic modulus in peritubular and intertubular collagen fibrils. Finally, principal component analysis was carried out to determine aging profiles for crown and root dentin. Results showed an increased presence of MGO AGEs in the organic matrix of dentin in the >50-y-old specimens as compared with the <26-y-old specimens in crown and root. Furthermore, an increase in peritubular and intertubular collagen elasticity was observed in the >50-y-old group associated with ultrastructural changes in the organic matrix as determined by atomic force microscopy analysis. Furthermore, principal component analysis loading plots suggested different "aging profiles" in crown and root dentin, which could have important therapeutic implications in restorative and adhesive dentistry approaches. Overall, these results demonstrate that the organic matrix of human dentin undergoes aging-related changes due to MGO-derived AGEs with important changes in the nanomechanical behavior of collagen that may affect diagnostic and restorative procedures in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Leiva-Sabadini
- Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N P Barrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Aguayo
- Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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39
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Collagen-Derived Peptides in CKD: A Link to Fibrosis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010010. [PMID: 35050988 PMCID: PMC8781252 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and has an imminent role in fibrosis, in, among others, chronic kidney disease (CKD). Collagen alpha-1(I) (col1a1) is the most abundant collagen type and has previously been underlined for its contribution to the disease phenotype. Here, we examined 5000 urinary peptidomic datasets randomly selected from healthy participants or patients with CKD to identify urinary col1a1 fragments and study their abundance, position in the main protein, as well as their correlation with renal function. We identified 707 col1a1 peptides that differed in their amino acid sequence and/or post-translational modifications (hydroxyprolines). Well-correlated peptides with the same amino acid sequence, but a different number of hydroxyprolines, were combined into a final list of 503 peptides. These 503 col1a1 peptides covered 69% of the full col1a1 sequence. Sixty-three col1a1 peptides were significantly and highly positively associated (rho > +0.3) with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while only six peptides showed a significant and strong, negative association (rho < −0.3). A similar tendency was observed for col1a1 peptides associated with ageing, where the abundance of most col1a1 peptides decreased with increasing age. Collectively the results show a strong association between collagen peptides and loss of kidney function and suggest that fibrosis, potentially also of other organs, may be the main consequence of an attenuation of collagen degradation, and not increased synthesis.
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40
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Human Achilles tendon mechanical behavior is more strongly related to collagen disorganization than advanced glycation end-products content. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24147. [PMID: 34921194 PMCID: PMC8683434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with impaired tendon homeostasis and subsequent tendon dysfunction, but the mechanisms underlying these associations is unclear. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulate with diabetes and have been suggested to alter tendon function. In vivo imaging in humans has suggested collagen disorganization is more frequent in individuals with diabetes, which could also impair tendon mechanical function. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between tendon tensile mechanics in human Achilles tendon with accumulation of advanced glycation end-products and collagen disorganization. Achilles tendon specimens (n = 16) were collected from individuals undergoing lower extremity amputation or from autopsy. Tendons were tensile tested with simultaneous quantitative polarized light imaging to assess collagen organization, after which AGEs content was assessed using a fluorescence assay. Moderate to strong relationships were observed between measures of collagen organization and tendon tensile mechanics (range of correlation coefficients: 0.570-0.727), whereas no statistically significant relationships were observed between AGEs content and mechanical parameters (range of correlation coefficients: 0.020-0.210). Results suggest that the relationship between AGEs content and tendon tensile mechanics may be masked by multifactorial collagen disorganization at larger length scales (i.e., the fascicle level).
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41
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Middendorf JM, Ita ME, Winkelstein BA, H Barocas V. Local tissue heterogeneity may modulate neuronal responses via altered axon strain fields: insights about innervated joint capsules from a computational model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2269-2285. [PMID: 34514531 PMCID: PMC9289994 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In innervated collagenous tissues, tissue scale loading may contribute to joint pain by transmitting force through collagen fibers to the embedded mechanosensitive axons. However, the highly heterogeneous collagen structures of native tissues make understanding this relationship challenging. Recently, collagen gels with embedded axons were stretched and the resulting axon signals were measured, but these experiments were unable to measure the local axon strain fields. Computational discrete fiber network models can directly determine axon strain fields due to tissue scale loading. Therefore, this study used a discrete fiber network model to identify how heterogeneous collagen networks (networks with multiple collagen fiber densities) change axon strain due to tissue scale loading. In this model, a composite cylinder (axon) was embedded in a Delaunay network (collagen). Homogeneous networks with a single collagen volume fraction and two types of heterogeneous networks with either a sparse center or dense center were created. Measurements of fiber forces show higher magnitude forces in sparse regions of heterogeneous networks and uniform force distributions in homogeneous networks. The average axon strain in the sparse center networks decreases when compared to homogeneous networks with similar collagen volume fractions. In dense center networks, the average axon strain increases compared to homogeneous networks. The top 1% of axon strains are unaffected by network heterogeneity. Based on these results, the interaction of tissue scale loading, collagen network heterogeneity, and axon strains in native musculoskeletal tissues should be considered when investigating the source of joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Meagan E Ita
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Winkelstein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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42
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Kong W, Lyu C, Liao H, Du Y. Collagen crosslinking: effect on structure, mechanics and fibrosis progression. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34587604 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2b79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as matrix stiffness, viscoelasticity and matrix fibrous structure, are emerging as important factors that regulate progression of fibrosis and other chronic diseases. The biophysical properties of the ECM can be rapidly and profoundly regulated by crosslinking reactions in enzymatic or non-enzymatic manners, which further alter the cellular responses and drive disease progression. In-depth understandings of crosslinking reactions will be helpful to reveal the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis progression and put forward new therapeutic targets, whereas related reviews are still devoid. Here, we focus on the main crosslinking mechanisms that commonly exist in a plethora of chronic diseases (e.g. fibrosis, cancer, osteoarthritis) and summarize current understandings including the biochemical reaction, the effect on ECM properties, the influence on cellular behaviors, and related studies in disease model establishment. Potential pharmaceutical interventions targeting the crosslinking process and relevant clinical studies are also introduced. Limitations of pharmaceutical development may be due to the lack of systemic investigations related to the influence on crosslinking mechanism from micro to macro level, which are discussed in the last section. We also propose the unclarified questions regarding crosslinking mechanisms and potential challenges in crosslinking-targeted therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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43
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Mechanical properties of human patellar tendon collagen fibrils. An exploratory study of aging and sex. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104864. [PMID: 34607298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are connective tissues that transmit mechanical forces from muscle to bone and consist mainly of nano-scale fibrils of type I collagen. Aging has been associated with reduced mechanical function of tendons at the whole-tendon level and also with increased glycation of tendon collagen fibrils. Yet, the mechanical effects of aging at the fibril level remain unknown. In vitro glycation has previously been reported to substantially increase fibril strength and stiffness in young rats, suggesting a potentially large effect of aging through the glycation mechanism. We therefore expected that aging would have a similar major impact on fibril mechanical properties. In addition, differences in fibril mechanical properties between men and women have never been studied. This study investigated human patellar tendon biopsies from young (26 ± 4 years) and elderly (66 ± 1 years), men and women by measuring the mechanical properties of individual collagen fibrils using a custom nano-mechanical device. There were no major mechanical differences with either age or sex, but there were modestly greater failure stress (22%) and tensile modulus at both low and high strain (16% and 26% respectively) in the elderly group. No significant differences in mechanical properties were observed between men and women. The slightly greater strength and stiffness in the elderly group are in contrasts to the age-related deficits observed for whole-tendons in vivo, although the study was not designed to investigate these minor differences.
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44
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Shi L, Lu PP, Dai GC, Li YJ, Rui YF. Advanced glycation end productions and tendon stem/progenitor cells in pathogenesis of diabetic tendinopathy. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1338-1348. [PMID: 34630866 PMCID: PMC8474716 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a challenging complication observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. Tendinopathy usually leads to chronic pain, limited joint motion, and even ruptured tendons. Imaging and histological analyses have revealed pathological changes in various tendons of patients with diabetes, including disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers, microtears, calcium nodules, and advanced glycation end product (AGE) deposition. Tendon-derived stem/ progenitor cells (TSPCs) were found to maintain hemostasis and to participate in the reversal of tendinopathy. We also discovered the aberrant osteochondrogenesis of TSPCs in vitro. However, the relationship between AGEs and TSPCs in diabetic tendinopathy and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current findings in this field and hypothesize that AGEs could alter the properties of tendons in patients with diabetes by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of TSPCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Chun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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45
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Lektemur Alpan A, Bakar O, Kızıldağ A, Özdede M, Topsakal Ş, Özmen Ö. Effects of taxifolin on bone formation and apoptosis in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:306-314. [PMID: 34547962 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1977997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential of taxifolin for treatment of alveolar bone loss (ABL) in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by streptozotocin. Rats were divided into six groups: untreated control; DM only (D) group; ligature only (P) group; DM + ligature (DP) group; DM + ligature + 5 mg/kg/day taxifolin (Taxi-5) group; DM + ligature + 10 mg/kg/day taxifolin (Taxi-10) group. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligation of the first molar and allowed to progress for 30 days before performing cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT), histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of periodontal tissue destruction. ABL was assessed using CBCT. ABL was greatest in the P and DP groups. Decreased ABL was observed in the Taxi-5 and Taxi-10 groups. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, B cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The Taxi-5 and Taxi-10 groups exhibited decreased RANKL expression, but increased BMP-2, ALP, type I collagen and OCN levels compared to the P and DP groups. Bax activity was increased in the D, P and DP groups. Taxi-5 and Taxi-10 groups exhibited increased Bcl-2 activity. Our findings suggest that taxifolin can reduce apoptosis and improve alveolar bone formation in diabetic rats with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Lektemur Alpan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Alper Kızıldağ
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Melih Özdede
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Şenay Topsakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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van der Bruggen MM, Spronck B, Delhaas T, Reesink KD, Schalkwijk CG. The Putative Role of Methylglyoxal in Arterial Stiffening: A Review. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1681-1693. [PMID: 34393049 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffening is a hallmark of vascular ageing and a consequence of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive α-dicarbonyl mainly formed during glycolysis, has emerged as a potential contributor to the development of arterial stiffness. MGO reacts with arginine and lysine residues in proteins to form stable advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs may contribute to arterial stiffening by increased cross-linking of collagen within the extracellular matrix (ECM), by altering the vascular structure, and by triggering inflammatory and oxidative pathways. Although arterial stiffness is mainly determined by ECM and vascular smooth muscle cell function, the effects of MGO and MGO-derived AGEs on these structures have not been thoroughly reviewed to date. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a PubMed search without filtering for publication date which resulted in 16 experimental and 22 clinical studies eligible for inclusion. Remarkably, none of the experimental and only three of the clinical studies specifically mentioned MGO-derived AGEs. Almost all studies reported an association between arterial stiffness and AGE accumulation in the arterial wall or increased plasma AGEs. Other studies report reduced arterial stiffness in experimental models upon administration of AGE-breakers. CONCLUSIONS No papers published to date directly show an association between MGO or MGO-derived AGEs and arterial stiffening. The relevance of the various underlying mechanisms is not yet clear, which is particularly due to methodological challenges in the detection of MGO and MGO-derived AGEs at the molecular, intra- and pericellular, and structural levels, as well as in challenges in the assessment of intrinsic arterial wall properties at ECM- and tissue levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe M van der Bruggen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pirri C, Fede C, Pirri N, Petrelli L, Fan C, De Caro R, Stecco C. Diabetic Foot: The Role of Fasciae, a Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080759. [PMID: 34439991 PMCID: PMC8389550 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus and its complications are increasingly prevalent worldwide with severe impacts on patients and health care systems. Diabetic foot ulcers have an important impact on disability, morbidity, and mortality. The mechanism of diabetic wound chronicity has not yet been understood in a complete way. Regarding the involved soft tissues, little space has been given to the fasciae, even if nowadays there is more and more evidence of their role in proprioception, muscular force transmission, skin vascularization and tropism, and wound healing. Thus, we aimed to deepen the fascial involvement in diabetic wounds. Based on this review, we suggest that a clear scientific perception of fascial role can improve treatment strategies and create new perspectives of treatment. Abstract Wound healing is an intricate, dynamic process, in which various elements such as hyperglycemia, neuropathy, blood supply, matrix turnover, wound contraction, and the microbiome all have a role in this “out of tune” diabetic complex symphony, particularly noticeable in the complications of diabetic foot. Recently it was demonstrated that the fasciae have a crucial role in proprioception, muscular force transmission, skin vascularization and tropism, and wound healing. Indeed, the fasciae are a dynamic multifaceted meshwork of connective tissue comprised of diverse cells settled down in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers; each constituent plays a particular role in the fasciae adapting in various ways to the diverse stimuli. This review intends to deepen the discussion on the possible fascial role in diabetic wounds. In diabetes, the thickening of collagen, the fragmentation of elastic fibers, and the changes in glycosaminoglycans, in particular hyaluronan, leads to changes in the stiffness, gliding, and the distribution of force transmission in the fasciae, with cascading repercussions at the cellular and molecular levels, consequently feeding a vicious pathophysiological circle. A clear scientific perception of fascial role from microscopic and macroscopic points of view can facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies for wounds in diabetes and create new perspectives of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Pirri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caterina Fede
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Nina Pirri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Chenglei Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (C.F.); (R.D.C.); (C.S.)
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Quinlan JI, Franchi MV, Gharahdaghi N, Badiali F, Francis S, Hale A, Phillips BE, Szewczyk N, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Maganaris C, Atherton PJ, Narici MV. Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience 2021; 43:1567-1584. [PMID: 34196903 PMCID: PMC8492846 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is well-known to counteract negative age-related changes in both muscle and tendon tissue. Traditional RET consists of both concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) contractions; nevertheless, isolated ECC contractions are metabolically less demanding and, thus, may be more suitable for older populations. However, whether submaximal (60% 1RM) CON or ECC contractions differ in their effectiveness is relatively unknown. Further, whether the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations differs to the above is also unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the time course of muscle and tendon adaptations to submaximal CON and ECC RET. Twenty healthy young (24.5 ± 5.1 years) and 17 older males (68.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated to either isolated CON or ECC RET which took place 3/week for 8 weeks. Tendon biomechanical properties, muscle architecture and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed every 2 weeks and quadriceps muscle volume every 4 weeks. Positive changes in tendon Young's modulus were observed after 4 weeks in all groups after which adaptations in young males plateaued but continued to increase in older males, suggesting a dampened rate of adaptation with age. However, both CON and ECC resulted in similar overall changes in tendon Young's modulus, in all groups. Muscle hypertrophy and strength increases were similar between CON and ECC in all groups. However, pennation angle increases were greater in CON, and fascicle length changes were greater in ECC. Notably, muscle and tendon adaptations appeared to occur in synergy, presumably to maintain the efficacy of the muscle-tendon unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iain Quinlan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre At University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martino Vladimiro Franchi
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francesca Badiali
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Hale
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan Eileen Phillips
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nathaniel Szewczyk
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 43147, USA
| | - Paul Leonard Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Phillip James Atherton
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marco Vincenzo Narici
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham's Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Cabrera Cesar E, Lopez-Lopez L, Lara E, Hidalgo-San Juan MV, Parrado Romero C, Palencia JLRS, Martín-Montañez E, Garcia-Fernandez M. Serum Biomarkers in Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143167. [PMID: 34300333 PMCID: PMC8307287 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The goal of this study is to determine whether Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGE), Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) could be used as differential biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Method: Seventy-three patients were enrolled: 29 with IPF, 14 with CTD-ILD, and 30 healthy controls. The study included a single visit by participants. A blood sample was drawn and serum was analysed for AGE using spectrofluorimetry, AOPP by spectrophotometry, and MMP7 using sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: AGE, AOPP and MMP7 serum levels were significantly higher in both IPF and CTD-ILD patients versus healthy controls; and AGE was also significantly elevated in CTD-ILD compared to the IPF group. AGE plasma levels clearly distinguished CTD-ILD patients from healthy participants (AUC = 0.95; 95% IC 0.86–1), whereas in IPF patients, the distinction was moderate (AUC = 0.78; 95% IC 0.60–0.97). Conclusion: In summary, our results provide support for the potential value of serum AGE, AOPP and MMP7 concentrations as diagnostic biomarkers in IPF and CTD-ILD to differentiate between ILD patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, this study provides evidence, for the first time, for the possible use of AGE as a differential diagnostic biomarker to distinguish between IPF and CTD-ILD. The value of these biomarkers as additional tools in a multidisciplinary approach to IPF and CTD-ILD diagnosis needs to be considered and further explored. Multicentre studies are necessary to understand the role of AGE in differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cabrera Cesar
- Respiratory Service, Universitary Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (M.V.H.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-646-905-201
| | - Lidia Lopez-Lopez
- Respiratory Service, Universitary Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.L.-L.); (M.V.H.-S.J.)
| | - Estrella Lara
- Department of Physiology and Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (E.L.); (C.P.R.); (M.G.-F.)
| | | | - Concepcion Parrado Romero
- Department of Physiology and Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (E.L.); (C.P.R.); (M.G.-F.)
| | - Jose Luis Royo Sánchez Palencia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Elisa Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (E.L.); (C.P.R.); (M.G.-F.)
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50
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Giannini C, De Caro L, Terzi A, Fusaro L, Altamura D, Diaz A, Lassandro R, Boccafoschi F, Bunk O. Decellularized pericardium tissues at increasing glucose, galactose and ribose concentrations and at different time points studied using scanning X-ray microscopy. IUCRJ 2021; 8:621-632. [PMID: 34258010 PMCID: PMC8256709 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521005054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Diseases like widespread diabetes or rare galactosemia may lead to high sugar concentrations in the human body, thereby promoting the formation of glycoconjugates. Glycation of collagen, i.e. the formation of glucose bridges, is nonenzymatic and therefore cannot be prevented in any other way than keeping the sugar level low. It relates to secondary diseases, abundantly occurring in aging populations and diabetics. However, little is known about the effects of glycation of collagen on the molecular level. We studied in vitro the effect of glycation, with d-glucose and d-galactose as well as d-ribose, on the structure of type 1 collagen by preparing decellularized matrices of bovine pericardia soaked in different sugar solutions, at increasing concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg ml-1), and incubated at 37°C for 3, 14, 30 and 90 days. The tissue samples were analyzed with small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering in scanning mode. We found that glucose and galactose produce similar changes in collagen, i.e. they mainly affect the lateral packing between macromolecules. However, ribose is much faster in glycation, provoking a larger effect on the lateral packing, but also seems to cause qualitatively different effects on the collagen structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Liberato De Caro
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl., Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Rocco Lassandro
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
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