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Lin DSH, Lo HY, Huang KC, Lin TT, Lee JK, Lin LY. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39030922 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are both recommended for patients with diabetes, yet their effects on the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are largely unknown. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from a nationwide database. Patients with diabetes who initiated treatment with a GLP1RA or SGLT2i between 1 May 2016 and 31 December 2017, were identified. Patients were divided into those with or without a previous diagnosis of DR and then categorized into the GLP1RA and the SGLT2i groups according to drug use. The primary outcome of interest in the DR group was the composite of new-onset proliferative DR, vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment (RD). In the non-DR group, the primary outcome was the composite of newly diagnosed DR of any severity, vitreous haemorrhage and RD. RESULTS In total, 97 413 patients were identified. After matching, 1517 patients were treated with a GLP1RA and 3034 with an SGLT2i in the DR cohort. In the non-DR cohort, 9549 initiated a GLP1RA and 19 098 initiated an SGLT2i. In patients with pre-existing DR, the incidence of any DR progression event was significantly higher in the GLP1RA group than the SGLT2i group (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.23), primarily because of the increased risk of tractional RD. In patients without DR at baseline, the risks of all ocular outcomes were similar between the GLP1RA and SGLT2i groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes mellitus and established DR, GLP1RA treatment was associated with increased risks of DR progression compared with SGLT2i use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Shu-Han Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yun Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-chu branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-chu branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tse Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Telehealth Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin DSH, Wu HP, Chung WJ, Hsueh SK, Hsu PC, Lee JK, Chen CC, Huang HL. Dual Antithrombotic Therapy versus Anticoagulant Monotherapy for Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients with Concomitant Lower Extremity Arterial Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Propensity Score Weighted Analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024:S1078-5884(24)00393-9. [PMID: 38754724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) are recommended to receive antiplatelet therapy, while direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are standard for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). For patients with concomitant LEAD and AF, data comparing dual antithrombotic therapy (an antiplatelet agent used in conjunction with a DOAC) vs. DOAC monotherapy are scarce. This retrospective cohort study, based on data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these antithrombotic strategies. METHODS Patients with AF who underwent revascularisation for LEAD between 2012 - 2020 and received any DOAC within 30 days of discharge were included. Patients were grouped by antiplatelet agent exposure into the dual antithrombotic therapy and DOAC monotherapy groups. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to mitigate selection bias. Major adverse limb events (MALEs), ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism, and bleeding outcomes were compared. Patients were followed until the occurrence of any study outcome, death, or up to two years. RESULTS A total of 1 470 patients were identified, with 736 in the dual antithrombotic therapy group and 734 in the DOAC monotherapy group. Among them, 1 346 patients received endovascular therapy as the index revascularisation procedure and 124 underwent bypass surgery. At two years, dual antithrombotic therapy was associated with a higher risk of MALEs than DOAC monotherapy (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 - 1.56), primarily driven by increased repeat revascularisation. Dual antithrombotic therapy was also associated with a higher risk of major bleeding (SHR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.94) and gastrointestinal bleeding (SHR 2.17, 95% CI 1.42 - 3.33) than DOAC monotherapy. CONCLUSION In patients with concomitant LEAD and AF who underwent peripheral revascularisation, DOAC monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of MALEs and bleeding events than dual antithrombotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Shu-Han Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ping Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Kai Hsueh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chao Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Telehealth Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Li Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Libby AE, Solt CM, Jackman MR, Sherk VD, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Nguyen TT, Breit MJ, Hulett N, Rudolph MC, Roberson PA, Wellberg EA, Jambal P, Scalzo RL, Higgins J, Kumar TR, Wierman ME, Pan Z, Shankar K, Klemm DJ, Moreau KL, Kohrt WM, MacLean PS. Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on energy balance and tissue metabolic health after loss of ovarian function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E626-E639. [PMID: 38536037 PMCID: PMC11208003 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00400.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function imparts increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease. These effects are largely attributed to decreased estradiol (E2), but the role of increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in modulating energy balance has not been fully investigated. Previous work that blocked FSH binding to its receptor in mice suggested this hormone may play a part in modulating body weight and energy expenditure after ovariectomy (OVX). We used an alternate approach to isolate the individual and combined contributions of FSH and E2 in mediating energy imbalance and changes in tissue-level metabolic health. Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and given the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist degarelix to suppress FSH production. E2 and FSH were then added back individually and in combination for a period of 3 wk. Energy balance, body mass composition, and transcriptomic profiles of individual tissues were obtained. In contrast to previous studies, suppression and replacement of FSH in our paradigm had no effect on body weight, body composition, food intake, or energy expenditure. We did, however, observe organ-specific effects of FSH that produced unique transcriptomic signatures of FSH in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. These included reductions in biological processes related to lipogenesis and carbohydrate transport. In addition, rats administered FSH had reduced liver triglyceride concentration (P < 0.001), which correlated with FSH-induced changes at the transcriptomic level. Although not appearing to modulate energy balance after loss of ovarian function in rats, FSH may still impart tissue-specific effects in the liver and white adipose tissue that might affect the metabolic health of those organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We find no effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on energy balance using a novel model in which rats are ovariectomized, subjected to gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonism, and systematically given back FSH by osmotic pump. However, tissue-specific effects of FSH on adipose tissue and liver were observed in this study. These include unique transcriptomic signatures induced by the hormone and a stark reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Libby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Claudia M Solt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Campus, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Thi-Tina Nguyen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew J Breit
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Nicholas Hulett
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Campus, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul A Roberson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Campus, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Janine Higgins
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Chiyanika C, Cheung LTF, Liu KH, Kong APS, Wong SKH, Ng EKW, Chu WCW. Changes in mesenteric fat thickness and its clinical impact in bariatric surgery. Clin Obes 2024; 14:e12627. [PMID: 37944915 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, especially central obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to investigate the associations of the changes of abdominal fat thicknesses with changes of anthropometric indexes and improvements of metabolic phenotypes in patients with obesity and T2DM before and after bariatric surgery. Between April 2016 and January 2017, 34 adult patients with concurrent obesity and T2DM scheduled for different bariatric surgeries were prospectively evaluated by ultrasound before and 1-year after bariatric surgery to determine abdominal fat thicknesses (mesenteric fat, preperitoneal fat and subcutaneous fat) and NAFLD. At 1 year, of the 25 patients that finished the study, significant decrease in mesenteric-fat-thickness was associated with significant reduction of obesity, that is, BMI (-24%, p < .001), remission of metabolic syndrome (32%, p = .008), NAFLD (60%, p < .001) and T2DM (44%, p < .001). Lower baseline mesenteric fat thickness was associated with remission of metabolic syndrome. Lower baseline mesenteric-fat-thickness may have the potential to predict metabolic syndrome remission after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chileka Chiyanika
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lorena Tsui Fun Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Hung Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kin Hung Wong
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enders Kwok Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Warman DJ, Jia H, Kato H. Effects of Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.) Essential Oil on Aging-Induced Brain Inflammation and Blood Telomere Attrition in Chronologically Aged C57BL/6J Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 37371908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronological aging is commonly accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation (or "inflammaging"), a contributor to the development of age-related chronic diseases. Aging increases oxidative stress that accelerates telomere shortening, leading to cell senescence and the generation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that exacerbates inflammation. Dietary antioxidants may help protect telomeres and attenuate inflammation. Thyme essential oil (TEO), reported for its potency against neuroinflammation, was fed to chronologically aged C57BL/6J mice for 24 weeks. The TEO diet showed notable impacts on the hippocampus, indicated by lower expression of the aging-related gene p16INK4A (p = 0.0783) and significantly lower expression of cyclin D kinase Cdk4 and Cdk6 (p < 0.05) compared to the age-matched control mice. The TEO group also showed significantly lower gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il6 (p < 0.05) in the hippocampus and lower Il1b expression in the liver and cerebellum (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments conducted on NIH-3T3 cells expressing SASP revealed the dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of TEO. Remarkably, TEO diet-fed mice showed higher survival rates and significantly longer blood telomere lengths than the control mice. Monoterpene antioxidants in TEO, particularly thymol and p-cymene, may primarily contribute to the anti-inflammatory and telomere-protecting activities of TEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwina Juliana Warman
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Applied Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado-shi 350-0288, Japan
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Puri S, Shaheen M, Grover B. Nutrition and cognitive health: A life course approach. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1023907. [PMID: 37050953 PMCID: PMC10083484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1023907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors affect cognitive health, such as age-related changes in the brain, injuries, mood disorders, substance abuse, and diseases. While some cannot be changed, evidence exists of many potentially possibly modifiable lifestyle factors: diet, physical activity, cognitive and social engagement, smoking and alcohol consumption which may stabilize or improve declining cognitive function. In nutrition, the focus has been mainly on its role in brain development in the early years. There is a strong emerging need to identify the role of diet and nutrition factors on age-related cognitive decline, which will open up the use of new approaches for prevention, treatment or management of age-related disorders and maintaining a good quality of life among older adults. While data on effect of high protein diets is not consistent, low-fat diets are protective against cognitive decline. Several micronutrients like B group vitamins and iron, as well as many polyphenols play a crucial role in cognitive health. Mediterranean, Nordic, DASH, and MIND diets are linked to a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function through the gut-brain axis has led to the emergence of data on the beneficial effects of dietary fibers and probiotics through the management of gut microbes. A “whole diet” approach as well as macro- and micro-nutrient intake levels that have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases are most likely to be effective against neurodegenerative disorders too. Young adulthood and middle age are crucial periods for determining cognitive health in old age. The importance of cardio metabolic risk factors such as obesity and hypertension, smoking and physical inactivity that develop in middle age suggest that preventive approaches are required for target populations in their 40s and 50s, much before they develop dementia. The commonality of dementia risk with cardiovascular and diabetes risk suggests that dementia could be added to present non-communicable disease management programs in primary healthcare and broader public health programs.
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Calderón-DuPont D, Romero-Córdoba S, Tello JK, Espinosa A, Guerrero B, Contreras AV, Morán-Ramos S, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Impaired white adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet worsened by arsenic exposure, primarily affecting retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 468:116428. [PMID: 36801214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies obesity and insulin resistance in response to high calorie intake and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), among other factors. Arsenic is an EDC that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the combined effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and arsenic exposure on WAT FA metabolism has been little studied. FA metabolism was evaluated in visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous WAT of C57BL/6 male mice fed control or HFD (12 and 40% kcal fat, respectively) for 16 weeks together with an environmentally relevant chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water (100 μg/l) during the second half of the study. In mice fed HFD, arsenic potentiated the increase of serum markers of selective insulin resistance in WAT and fatty acid re-esterification and the decrease in the lipolysis index. Retroperitoneal was the WAT most affected, where the combination of arsenic and HFD in contrast to HFD, generated higher weight, larger adipocytes, increased triglyceride content, and decreased fasting stimulated lipolysis evidenced by lower phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. At the transcriptional level, arsenic in mice fed either diet downregulated genes involved in fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), oxidation (PPARα, CPT1), lipolysis (ADRß3) and glycerol transport (AQP7 and AQP9). Additionally, arsenic potentiated hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD, despite a slight increase in weight gain and food efficiency. Thus, the second hit of arsenic in sensitized mice by HFD worsens fatty acid metabolism impairment in WAT, mainly retroperitoneal, along with an exacerbated insulin resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Jessica K Tello
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Maestría en Nutrición Clínica, Universidad Anáhuac Campus Norte, Estado de México 52786, Mexico
| | - Aranza Espinosa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Brenda Guerrero
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Translational Molecular Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genόmica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico.
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Story JD, Ghahremani S, Kafali SG, Shih SF, Kuwahara KJ, Calkins KL, Wu HH. Using Free-Breathing MRI to Quantify Pancreatic Fat and Investigate Spatial Heterogeneity in Children. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:508-518. [PMID: 35778376 PMCID: PMC9805469 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI acquisition for pediatric pancreatic fat quantification is limited by breath-holds (BH). Full segmentation (FS) or small region of interest (ROI) analysis methods may not account for pancreatic fat spatial heterogeneity, which may limit accuracy. PURPOSE To improve MRI acquisition and analysis for quantifying pancreatic proton-density fat fraction (pPDFF) in children by investigating free-breathing (FB)-MRI, characterizing pPDFF spatial heterogeneity, and relating pPDFF to clinical markers. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 34 children, including healthy (N = 16, 8 female) and overweight (N = 18, 5 female) subjects. FIELD STRENGTH AND SEQUENCES 3 T; multiecho gradient-echo three-dimensional (3D) stack-of-stars FB-MRI, multiecho gradient-echo 3D Cartesian BH-MRI. ASSESSMENT A radiologist measured FS- and ROI-based pPDFF on FB-MRI and BH-MRI PDFF maps, with anatomical images as references. Regional pPDFF in the pancreatic head, body, and tail were measured on FB-MRI. FS-pPDFF, ROI-pPDFF, and regional pPDFF were compared, and related to clinical markers, including hemoglobin A1c. STATISTICAL TESTS T-test, Bland-Altman analysis, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), one-way analysis of variance, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS FS-pPDFF and ROI-pPDFF from FB-MRI and BH-MRI had mean difference = 0.4%; CCC was 0.95 for FS-pPDFF and 0.62 for ROI-pPDFF. FS-pPDFF was higher than ROI-pPDFF (10.4% ± 6.4% vs. 4.2% ± 2.8%). Tail-pPDFF (11.6% ± 8.1%) was higher than body-pPDFF (8.9% ± 6.3%) and head-pPDFF (8.7% ± 5.2%). Head-pPDFF and body-pPDFF positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c. DATA CONCLUSION FB-MRI pPDFF is comparable to BH-MRI. Spatial heterogeneity affects pPDFF quantification. Regional measurements of pPDFF in the head and body were correlated with hemoglobin A1c, a marker of insulin sensitivity. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Story
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shahnaz Ghahremani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sevgi Gokce Kafali
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shu-Fu Shih
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Kuwahara
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kara L. Calkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, and the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Holden H. Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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The Osteogenic Potential of Falciform Ligament-Derived Stromal Cells-A Comparative Analysis between Two Osteogenic Induction Programs. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120810. [PMID: 36551016 PMCID: PMC9774535 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained special relevance in bone tissue regenerative applications. MSCs have been isolated from different depots, with adipose tissue being acknowledged as one of the most convenient sources, given the wide availability, high cellular yield, and obtainability. Recently, the falciform ligament (FL) has been regarded as a potential depot for adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (FL-ADSCs) isolation. Nonetheless, the osteogenic capability of FL-ADSCs has not been previously characterized. Thus, the present study aimed the detailed characterization of FL-ADSCs' functionality upon osteogenic induction through a classic (dexamethasone-based-DEX) or an innovative strategy with retinoic acid (RA) in a comparative approach with ADSCs from a control visceral region. Cultures were characterized for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, cellular morphology, fluorescent cytoskeletal and mitochondrial organization, and osteogenic activity-gene expression analysis and cytochemical staining. FL-derived populations expressed significantly higher levels of osteogenic genes and cytochemical markers, particularly with DEX induction, as compared to control ADSCs that were more responsive to RA. FL-ADSCs were identified as a potential source for bone regenerative applications, given the heightened osteogenic functionality. Furthermore, data highlighted the importance of the selection of the most adequate osteogenic-inducing program concerning the specificities of the basal cell population.
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10
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Muellner M, Chiapparelli E, Moser M, Haffer H, Dodo Y, Adl Amini D, Carrino JA, Tan ET, Shue J, Zhu J, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Hughes AP. The effect of age on psoas and paraspinal muscle morphology in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2619-2628. [PMID: 35984509 PMCID: PMC10583000 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the psoas and posterior paraspinal muscles (PPM; multifidus muscle and erector spinae) and to evaluate potential sex-related differences. METHODS MRI-based quantitative assessments of the cross-sectional area (CSA), the functional cross-sectional area (fCSA), the fat area (FAT) and the proportion of intramuscular fat (FI) were conducted on patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery between 2014 and 2021. The regions of interest were the psoas muscle and the PPM at the superior endplate of L4. The left and right sides of the muscle groups were summarized and normalized by the patient's height (cm2/m2). The relationships between age and muscular parameters were analyzed stratified by sex. RESULTS A total of 195 patients (57.9%female) with a median age of 64.2 years and a body mass index of 28.3 kg/m2 were analyzed. The CSAPsoas was 7.7 cm2/m2 and differed significantly between females and males (p < 0.001); likewise, the fCSAPsoas differed significantly between the sexes. The CSAPPM was 18.8 cm2/m2 with no sex-specific differences. Significant differences were found in the FIPPM (males: 41.1% vs. females: 47.9%; p < 0.001), but not in the FIPsoas (males: 3.7% vs. females: 4.5%; p = 0.276). Considering the effect of age on FI, a significant positive correlation was observed for the PPMs for both sexes. Only in women, there was a negative correlation between age and CSAPsoas (ρ = - 0.248; p = 0.008), FATPsoas (ρ = - 0.421; p < 0.001) and FIPsoas (ρ = - 0.371; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated sex-specific differences in spinal muscle morphology in relation to patient age. With increasing age there was a decrease in FIPsoas in women only, unlike in the PPMs in which there was increased FI that was significantly higher in women compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muellner
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Chiapparelli
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Manuel Moser
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Henryk Haffer
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yusuke Dodo
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Dominik Adl Amini
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John A Carrino
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ek T Tan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Shue
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Biostatistics Core, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Sama
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Federico P Girardi
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alexander P Hughes
- Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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11
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Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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12
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Viraragavan A, Willmer T, Patel O, Basson A, Johnson R, Pheiffer C. Cafeteria diet induces global and Slc27a3-specific hypomethylation in male Wistar rats. Adipocyte 2021; 10:108-118. [PMID: 33570456 PMCID: PMC7889207 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1886697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, while subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is considered protective. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate molecular differences in VAT and SAT of male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet (CD) or a standard rodent diet (STD) for three months. The expression of fatty acid metabolism genes was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation was quantified using the Imprint® Methylated DNA Quantification Kit and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bodyweight, retroperitoneal fat mass, insulin resistance, leptin and triglyceride concentrations and adipocyte hypertrophy were higher in CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The expression of solute carrier family 27 member 3 (Slc27a3), a fatty acid transporter, was 9.6-fold higher in VAT and 6.3-fold lower in SAT of CD- versus STD-fed rats. Taqman probes confirmed increased Slc27a3 expression, while pyrosequencing showed Slc27a3 hypomethylation in VAT of CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The CD decreased global methylation in both VAT and SAT, although no depot differences were observed. Dysregulated fatty acid influx in VAT, in response to a CD, provides insight into the mechanisms underlying depot-differences in adipose tissue expansion during obesity and metabolic disease. Abbreviations: CD: cafeteria diet; E2F1: E2F Transcription Factor 1; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; GCF: GC-Rich Sequence DNA-Binding Factor; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model for insulin resistance; NKX2-1: NK2 homeobox 1; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RF: retroperitoneal fat; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; Slc27a3: solute carrier family 27 member 3; STD: standard diet; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor alpha; TTS: transcriptional start site; T2D: Type 2 Diabetes; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WT1 I: Wilms’ tumour protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Viraragavan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Oelfah Patel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Albertus Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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13
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Chun KH. Mouse model of the adipose organ: the heterogeneous anatomical characteristics. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:857-875. [PMID: 34606058 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in energy storage, hormone secretion, and temperature control. Mammalian adipose tissue is largely divided into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, although recent studies have discovered the existence of beige adipocytes. Adipose tissues are widespread over the whole body and each location shows distinctive metabolic features. Mice are used as a representative experimental model system in metabolic studies due to their numerous advantages. Importantly, the adipose tissues of experimental animals and humans are not perfectly matched, and each adipose tissue exhibits both similar and specific characteristics. Nevertheless, the diversity and characteristics of mouse adipose tissue have not yet been comprehensively summarized. This review summarizes diverse information about the different types of adipose tissue being studied in mouse models. The types and characteristics of adipocytes were described, and each adipose tissue was classified by type, and features such as its distribution, origin, differences from humans, and metabolic characteristics were described. In particular, the distribution of widely studied adipose tissues was illustrated so that researchers can comprehensively grasp its location. Also, the adipose tissues misused or confusingly used among researchers were described. This review will provide researchers with comprehensive information and cautions needed to study adipose tissues in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Inchon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lee YS, Hong N, Witanto JN, Choi YR, Park J, Decazes P, Eude F, Kim CO, Chang Kim H, Goo JM, Rhee Y, Yoon SH. Deep neural network for automatic volumetric segmentation of whole-body CT images for body composition assessment. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5038-5046. [PMID: 34365038 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Body composition analysis on CT images is a valuable tool for sarcopenia assessment. We aimed to develop and validate a deep neural network applicable to whole-body CT images of PET-CT scan for the automatic volumetric segmentation of body composition. METHODS For model development, one hundred whole-body or torso 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT scans of 100 patients were retrospectively included. Two radiologists semi-automatically labeled the following seven body components in every CT image slice, providing a total of 46,967 image slices from the 100 scans for training the 3D U-Net (training, 39,268 slices; tuning, 3116 slices; internal validation, 4583 slices): skin, bone, muscle, abdominal visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, internal organs with vessels, and central nervous system. The segmentation accuracy was assessed using reference masks from three external datasets: two Korean centers (4668 and 4796 image slices from 20 CT scans, each) and a French public dataset (3763 image slices from 24 CT scans). The 3D U-Net-driven values were clinically validated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and by assessing the model's diagnostic performance for sarcopenia in a community-based elderly cohort (n = 522). RESULTS The 3D U-Net achieved accurate body composition segmentation with an average dice similarity coefficient of 96.5%-98.9% for all masks and 92.3%-99.3% for muscle, abdominal visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat in the validation datasets. The 3D U-Net-derived torso volume of skeletal muscle and fat tissue and the average area of those tissues in the waist were correlated with BIA-derived appendicular lean mass (correlation coefficients: 0.71 and 0.72, each) and fat mass (correlation coefficients: 0.95 and 0.93, each). The 3D U-Net-derived average areas of skeletal muscle and fat tissue in the waist were independently associated with sarcopenia (P < .001, each) with adjustment for age and sex, providing an area under the curve of 0.858 (95% CI, 0.815 to 0.901). CONCLUSIONS This deep neural network model enabled the automatic volumetric segmentation of body composition on whole-body CT images, potentially expanding adjunctive sarcopenia assessment on PET-CT scan and volumetric assessment of metabolism in whole-body muscle and fat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ye Ra Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghoan Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pierre Decazes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Florian Eude
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henri Becquerel Cancer Center, Rouen, France
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; MEDICALIP Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Miah P, Mohona SBS, Rahman MM, Subhan N, Khan F, Hossain H, Sharker SM, Alam MA. Supplementation of cumin seed powder prevents oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver in high fat diet fed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111908. [PMID: 34328087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was an attempt to evaluate the hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum family: Apiaceae) supplementation in high fat (HF) diet fed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, such as control, control+ cumin, HF and HF+ cumin. Oral glucose tolerance test, plasma lipids, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes activities, and liver dysfunction marker enzyme activities were evaluated. Additionally, histological staining of liver tissue was performed to evaluate the inflammatory cells infiltration, iron deposition and fibrosis. The current investigation demonstrated that 1% (w/w) supplementation of cumin powder significantly reduced HF diet-induced glucose intolerance, epididymal and mesenteric fat wet weights and lipid parameters like triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO) and advanced oxidation protein product (APOP) were also reduced by cumin supplementation. Moreover, HF-diet increased the activity of hepatic biomarker enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities which were significantly reduced by cumin powder supplementation. On the other hand, cumin powder supplementation was able to restore the reduced glutathione level with parallel augmentation of the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver of HF diet-fed rats. Additionally, histological assessments confirmed that cumin powder supplementation also normalized the fat droplet deposition and inflammatory cells infiltration in the liver of HF diet-fed rats. This study suggests that cumin powder supplementation ameliorates dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and hepatic damage in HF diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Miah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shazid Md Sharker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
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16
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The Relationship Between Colorectal Cancer and Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.879490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Lin CH, Wei JN, Fan KC, Fang CT, Wu WC, Yang CY, Lin MS, Shih SR, Hua CH, Hsein YC, Lin JW, Chuang LM, Li HY. Different cutoffs of hypertension, risk of incident diabetes and progression of insulin resistance: A prospective cohort study. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:193-201. [PMID: 33766449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Hypertension is a risk factor of incident diabetes. In 2017, the ACC/AHA updated the definition of hypertension to above 130/80 mmHg, while the 2018 ESC/ESH guideline and the JNC7 criteria remained the cutoff of 140/90 mmHg. This study was aimed to investigate how different cutoffs of hypertension affect the association of hypertension to incident diabetes and the progression of insulin resistance. METHODS A total of 1177 subjects without diabetes at baseline were followed for 4.5 years. Diabetes was diagnosed by the results of oral glucose tolerance tests and hemoglobin A1c, or if anti-diabetic agents were used. RESULTS Hypertension by both criteria was associated with incident diabetes. Change of HOMA2-IR every 5 years (ΔHOMA2-IR/5 yr) was higher in subjects with hypertension than those without (adjusted p = 0.044). Subjects with treated hypertension had the highest risk of diabetes (HR 2.98, p < 0.001) and ΔHOMA2-IR/5 yr, compared with subjects with normal blood pressure. However, the associations of hypertension, HR of incident diabetes and ΔHOMA2-IR/5 yr were attenuated by the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria, as compared with that by the JNC7 and 2018 ESC/ESH criteria. CONCLUSION Hypertension by both criteria is associated with incident diabetes and accelerated progression of insulin resistance, and the associations are attenuated by the 2017 ACC/AHA criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chih Fan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Fang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cyue-Huei Hua
- Division of Clinical Pathology National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Yenh-Chen Hsein
- Division of Clinical Pathology National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kabir F, Nahar K, Rahman MM, Mamun F, Lasker S, Khan F, Yasmin T, Akter KA, Subhan N, Alam MA. Etoricoxib treatment prevented body weight gain and ameliorated oxidative stress in the liver of high-fat diet-fed rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:33-47. [PMID: 32780227 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this study was to determine the role of etoricoxib in counterbalancing the oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, and inflammation in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rats. To conduct this study, 28 male Wistar rats (weighing 190-210 g) were distributed randomly into four groups: control, control + etoricoxib, HF, and HF + etoricoxib. After 8 weeks of treatment with etoricoxib (200 mg/kg), all the animals were sacrificed followed by the collection of blood and tissue samples in order to perform biochemical tests along with histological staining on hepatic tissues. According to this study, etoricoxib treatment prevented the body weight gain in HF diet-fed rats. Furthermore, rats of HF + etoricoxib group exhibited better blood glucose tolerance than the rats of HF diet-fed group. In addition, etoricoxib also markedly normalized HF diet-mediated rise of hepatic enzyme activity. Etoricoxib treatment lowered the level of oxidative stress indicators significantly with a parallel augmentation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, etoricoxib administration helped in preventing inflammatory cell invasion, collagen accumulation, and fibrotic catastrophe in HF diet-fed rats. The findings of the present work are suggestive of the helpful role of etoricoxib in deterring the metabolic syndrome as well as other deleterious pathological changes afflicting the HF diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Fariha Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Shoumen Lasker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Khondker Ayesha Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1219, Bangladesh.
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19
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Huang CY, Lee JK. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and major adverse limb events: A trial-level meta-analysis including 51 713 individuals. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2348-2355. [PMID: 32744411 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to evaluate whether there are safety concerns with respect to major adverse limb events overall or among various high-risk subgroups of patients. METHODS We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, cardiovascular outcome trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for trials published up until 30 June 2020. The efficacy outcomes analysed included amputations and were stratified by several subgroup variables, including age, duration of diabetes, glucose control, renal function, established peripheral artery disease and diabetes microvascular complications. This review was registered before completing the analysis. RESULTS Among 383 records identified, six studies assessing the following three SGLT-2 inhibitors met our inclusion criteria: empagliflozin (EMPA-REG OUTCOME study), canagliflozin (CANVAS Program and CREDENCE study), dapagliflozin (DECLARE-TIMI 58 and DAPA-HF trials) and ertugliflozin (VERTIS CV study). Of a total of 51 713 participants, 858 required amputation operations. The event rates of amputation were 2.0% (535/26 778) and 1.3% (323/24 927) in the SGLT-2 inhibitor and control groups, respectively. The random effects model revealed that SGLT-2 inhibitors were not significantly associated with an increased risk of amputation with substantial heterogeneity (pooled risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.60; I2 = 67.5%). This neutral effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors was also consistent across different levels of subgroups, including subgroups with or without established peripheral artery disease (PAD). CONCLUSIONS SGLT-2 inhibitors are not associated with increased risks of amputation operations even among various high-risk subgroups, including patients with PAD. The amputation events primarily arise from critical limb ischaemia and infection instead of acute limb ischaemia. A multi-centre study focused on major adverse limb events with a longer follow-up is needed to confirm these results and provide guidelines for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Crabtree CD, LaFountain RA, Hyde PN, Chen C, Pan Y, Lamba N, Sapper TN, Short JA, Kackley ML, Buga A, Miller VJ, Scandling D, Andersson I, Barker S, Hu HH, Volek JS, Simonetti OP. Quantification of Human Central Adipose Tissue Depots: An Anatomically Matched Comparison Between DXA and MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:358-366. [PMID: 31893234 PMCID: PMC6935994 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT volume relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with elevated health risks. This study compares fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 21 control subjects (Control) and 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) were scanned by DXA and MRI. The region measured by MRI was matched to the android region defined by DXA, and MRI reproducibility was also evaluated. In addition, liver fat fraction was quantified via MRI and whole-body fat by DXA. VAT measurements are interchangeable between DXA and MRI in the Control (R = 0.946), MetSyn (R = 0.968), and combined cohort (R = 0.983). VAT/SAT ratio did not differ in the Control group (P = .10), but VAT/SAT ratio measured by DXA was significantly higher in the MetSyn group (P < .01) and the combined (P = .03) cohort. Intraobserver (ICC = 0.998) and interobserver (ICC = 0.977) reproducibility of MRI VAT measurements was excellent. Liver fat fraction by MRI was higher (P = .001) in MetSyn (12.4% ± 7.6%) than in controls (2.6% ± 2.2%), as was whole-body fat percentage by DXA (P = .001) between the MetSyn (42.0% ± 8.1%) and Control groups (26.7% ± 6.9%). DXA and MRI VAT are interchangeable when measured over an anatomically matched region of the abdomen, while SAT and VAT/SAT ratio differ between the 2 modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue Pan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irma Andersson
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samantha Barker
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, and.,Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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21
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Liu TY, Yu HR, Tsai CC, Huang LT, Chen CC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Lin YJ, Hsu TY. Resveratrol intake during pregnancy and lactation re-programs adiposity and ameliorates leptin resistance in male progeny induced by maternal high-fat/high sucrose plus postnatal high-fat/high sucrose diets via fat metabolism regulation. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:174. [PMID: 32711539 PMCID: PMC7382831 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity is an emerging problem in the modern world. Growing evidence suggests that intrauterine high-fat (HF) exposure may predispose progeny to subsequent metabolic challenges. Progeny born to mothers who ate an HF diet also tends to eat an HF diet when growing and aggravate metabolic issues. Thus, the generational transmission of obesity is cyclical. Developing a strategy to prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome related to prenatal and/or postnatal HF diet is important. In this study, the reprogramming effects of maternal resveratrol treatment for the progeny with maternal HF/postnatal HF diets were investigated. Methods Sprague-Dawley dams were fed either a control or a high-fat/high sucrose diet (HFHS) from mating to lactation. After weaning, the progeny was fed chow or an HF diet. Four experimental groups were yielded: CC (maternal/postnatal control diet), HC (maternal HF/postnatal control diet), CH (maternal control/postnatal HFHS diet), and HH (maternal/postnatal HFHS diet). A fifth group (HRH) received a maternal HFHS diet plus maternal resveratrol treatment and a postnatal chow diet to study the effects of maternal resveratrol therapy. Results Maternal resveratrol treatment lessened the weight and adiposity of progeny that were programmed by combined prenatal and postnatal HFHS diets. Maternal resveratrol therapy ameliorated the decreased abundance of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) enzyme in retroperitoneal tissue and the altered leptin/soluble leptin receptor ratio of progeny. Maternal resveratrol therapy also decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis for progeny. Conclusions Maternal resveratrol intervention can prevent adiposity programmed by maternal and postnatal HFHS diets by inducing lipid metabolic modulation. This study offers a novel reprogramming role for the effect of maternal resveratrol supplements against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jium-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Lee JK, Chen WH, Lin YS, Chang CH, Chen TH. Comparison of Effectiveness between Anticoagulation and Thrombolysis Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Complicated with Shock: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1208-1216. [PMID: 32679597 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients complicated with shock. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used administrative data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients admitted due to PE who received inotropic support between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2011, were included. To closely mimic a randomized experiment, anticoagulation and thrombolysis plus anticoagulation groups were subjected to propensity score matching (PSM) according to demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and inotropic agent dosage. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was 3-month mortality after discharge. RESULTS After PSM, a total of 820 patients, including 164 thrombolysis and 656 anticoagulation patients, were enrolled. The in-hospital mortality was 48.2% in the thrombolysis group and 52.4% in the anticoagulation group (odds ratio [OR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-1.18). Major bleeding occurred in 19 (11.6%) of the thrombolysis patients and 57 (8.7%) of the anticoagulation patients (OR 1.37, 95% CI, 0.79-2.38). The 90-day mortality rates in the thrombolysis and anticoagulation groups were 15.3% (13 patients) and 17.6% (55 patients), respectively; this difference was not significant (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.48-1.61). CONCLUSION In PE patients complicated with shock, anticoagulation therapy provides similar treatment efficacy to thrombolytic therapy in terms of in-hospital and 90-day mortality. The bleeding risk was also similar in the two treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chaiyi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chaiyi, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Biostatistical Consultation Center of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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23
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Lin TT, Lin MH, Wu CK, Lin LY, Lin JW, Lin SF, Hwang JJ, Chen YS. Early lactate changes improve the outcome prediction for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:915-922. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Serial lactate (clearance) data are commonly used for risk stratification in patients receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (ECLS).
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed 855 patients who had undergone ECLS due to cardiac (n = 578) and non-cardiac (n = 277) aetiologies between 2002 and 2013 at National Taiwan University Hospital. Serial lactate (clearance) data were collected before ECLS and at 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h after ECLS. To investigate the impact of lactate (clearance) levels on 180-day survival, we performed linear mixed model and joint model analyses using the Bayesian approach.
RESULTS
Among the 855 patients, 564 (65.9%) patients died within 180 days after ECLS cannulation. The joint model showed that the effect of lactate on survival was null in both the reduced model and the fully adjusted model. However, an effect of lactate clearance on survival was observed in the reduced model [estimate 0.004; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.002–0.006] and the fully adjusted model (estimate 0.003; 95% CI 0.001–0.005). In a further secondary analysis, lactate clearance (hazard ratio 0.861; 95% CI 0.813–0.931) at 16 h after ECLS cannulation was determined to be a risk factor for mortality. According to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the SAVE score combined with lactate clearance (area under curve = 0.881) showed good outcome discrimination.
CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating lactate clearance at 16 h after ECLS cannulation into the SAVE system improved the predictive value for mortality in patients receiving ECLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tse Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Hsin-Chu, Biomedical Park Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Sharng Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Lee JK, Hwang JJ, Chiang FT, Wu CK. The impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction for the prognosis in patients with lower extremity arterial disease. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2611-2620. [PMID: 32578966 PMCID: PMC7524108 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) share many risk factors, but the characteristics of LVDD and its association with prognosis in patients with LEAD have not been fully examined. Methods and results We investigated the impact of LVDD on the clinical outcomes in LEAD patients. LVDD was classified according to the newest suggested classification by the American Society of Echocardiography. Survival analysis for mortality (primary endpoint) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; secondary endpoint) was calculated with all clinical variables and adjusted by multivariate Cox regression. We consecutively enrolled 221 controls and 464 LEAD patients from outpatient clinics and hospitals. The prevalence of LVDD was proportional to the severity of LEAD defined by the Rutherford class. The difference of LVDD severity is significant when compared with the control and LEAD patients or LEAD patients who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT), and it is also proportional to the LEAD severity. The grade of LVDD was a significant factor in predicting MACE and mortality in LEAD patients after multivariate Cox regression analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.47–2.83, P = 0.026; HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.02, P = 0.041]. This impact remained significant in LEAD patients who underwent EVT. Conclusions The degree of LVDD may predict MACE and mortality in LEAD patients. Whether early identification of LVDD in LEAD patients is helpful warrants further large‐scale prospective randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Kuang Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Telehealth Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Tsai TA, Tsai CK, Huang LT, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Chen CC, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Yu HR. Maternal Resveratrol Treatment Re-Programs and Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Retroperitoneal Adiposity in Male Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082780. [PMID: 32316577 PMCID: PMC7215689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of cardiovascular problems, diabetes, asthma, and cognitive impairments, affecting the offspring. It is important to reduce the negative effects of obesity and high-fat (HF) diet during pregnancy. We employed a rat model of maternal HF diet to evaluate the possible de-programming effects of resveratrol in rodent male offspring with maternal HF diet/obesity. Male rat offspring were randomized into four groups: maternal control diet/postnatal control diet, maternal HF diet/postnatal control diet, maternal control diet plus maternal resveratrol treatment/postnatal control diet, and maternal HF diet plus maternal resveratrol treatment/postnatal control diet. Maternal HF diet during pregnancy plus lactation resulted in retroperitoneal adiposity in the male offspring. Maternal resveratrol treatment re-programmed maternal HF exposure-induced visceral adiposity. Offspring that received prenatal HF diet showed higher leptin/soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) ratio than offspring that received prenatal control diet. Maternal resveratrol treatment ameliorated maternal HF exposure-induced increase in leptin/sOB-R ratio and altered the expression of genes for crucial fatty acid synthesis enzymes in the offspring. Thus, maternal resveratrol administration reduces retroperitoneal adiposity in rat offspring exposed to prenatal HF diet/obesity and could be used to ameliorate negative effects of maternal HF diet in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-An Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Chang-Ku Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (T.-A.T.); (C.-K.T.); (L.-T.H.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.); (C.-C.C.); (I.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8713); Fax: +886-7-733-8009
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26
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Kashiwagi E, Imada K, Abe T, Kinoshita F, Monji K, Shiota M, Takeuchi A, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Eto M. Thickness of Perirenal Fat Predicts the Growth Pattern of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-190079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Imada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Abe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Monji
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Wu HT, Chen SC, Fan KC, Kuo CH, Lin SY, Wang SH, Chang CJ, Li HY. Targeting fibrinogen-like protein 1 is a novel therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. FASEB J 2019; 34:2958-2967. [PMID: 31908014 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901925r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like-protein 1 (FGL1) is a novel hepatokine that plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Although FGL1 expression can be detected in adipose tissues, the functions of FGL1 in adipose tissues are still unknown. In this study, 356 participants with (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 ; n = 134) or without obesity (BMI <25 kg/m2 ; n = 222) were recruited, and we found that the plasma FGL1 concentrations were significantly higher in obese group than those of in the normal weight group, and were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist circumference, fat content, plasma glucose at 2 hours during an oral glucose tolerance test, and the insulin sensitivity index. In univariate analyses, BMI, waist circumference, total fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat areas were positively correlated with FGL1 levels. After adjusting for age and gender, obesity indices, including the BMI and different fat areas, remained significantly associated with FGL1 levels. In order to investigate the causal relationship between FGL1 and obesity, animal and cell models were used. Overexpression of FGL1 in epididymal adipose tissue by lentiviral vector encoding FGL1 increased the fat pad size, whereas FGL1-knockdown by lentiviral vector encoding short-hairpin RNA targeted to FGL1 decreased high-fat diet-induced adiposity. In addition, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to clarify the possible mechanism of FGL1-induced adipogenesis. FGL1 induced adipogenesis through an ERK1/2-C/EBPβ-dependent pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings highlight the pathophysiological role of FGL1 in obesity, and FGL1 might be a novel therapeutic target to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chih Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Heng Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nauli AM, Matin S. Why Do Men Accumulate Abdominal Visceral Fat? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1486. [PMID: 31866877 PMCID: PMC6906176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a higher tendency to accumulate abdominal visceral fat compared to pre-menopausal women. The accumulation of abdominal visceral fat in men, which is a strong independent predictor of mortality, is mainly due to the higher dietary fat uptake by their abdominal visceral fat. Since dietary fat is absorbed by the enterocytes and transported to the circulation in the forms of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), it is crucial to understand how these lipoproteins are different between men and women. The chylomicrons in men are generally bigger in size and more in quantity than those in women. During the postprandial state, these chylomicrons congest the lamina propria and the low-pressure lymphatics. In this paper, we propose that this congestion predisposes the chylomicron triglycerides to hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The liberated fatty acids are then stored by the nearby abdominal visceral adipocytes, leading to the accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. These mechanisms perhaps explain why men, through their bigger and higher production of chylomicrons, are more likely to accumulate abdominal visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. This accumulation eventually leads to belly enlargement, which confers men their apple-shaped body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Sahar Matin
- College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
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Lin CH, Chang CK, Shih CW, Li HY, Chen KY, Yang WS, Tsai KS, Wang CY, Shih SR. Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and mineral metabolism in patients with euthyroid Graves' diseases: a case-control study. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:2289-2297. [PMID: 31384956 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the alterations of mineral metabolism in patients with Graves' disease (GD) who achieved euthyroidism. They had higher fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and phosphorus as compared with healthy subjects. Serum FGF23 was negatively correlated with serum phosphorus. These indicated abnormal mineral metabolism even after 1.6 years of euthyroid status. INTRODUCTION FGF23 is involved in the mineral homeostasis, especially the regulation of serum phosphorus. Graves' disease (GD) is associated with accelerated bone turnover, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated serum FGF23. Evidence suggested that serum FGF23 decreased after a 3-month treatment of GD. However, it remains unclear whether serum FGF23, serum phosphorus, and other markers of mineral metabolism will be normalized after euthyroid status achieved. METHODS A total of 62 patients with euthyroid GD and 62 healthy control subjects were enrolled, and the median duration of euthyroid status was 1.6 years. Endocrine profiles including thyroid function test, autoantibodies, serum FGF23, and bone turnover markers were obtained and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Euthyroid GD patients had significantly higher serum FGF23 and phosphorus, and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels as compared with the control group. Serum FGF23 was significantly and negatively correlated with phosphorus level after adjusted for age, gender, calcium, iPTH, and 25(OH)D in the euthyroid GD group. CONCLUSION Serum phosphorus and FGF23 levels remain higher in GD patients even after euthyroid status has been achieved for a median of 1.6 years. Serum FGF23 was negatively correlated with serum phosphorus in euthyroid GD patients. Underlying mechanisms warrant further investigations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: NCT01660308 and NCT02620085.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - C-K Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-W Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | | | - W-S Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-S Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-R Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Section 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Short- and long-access palatable food self-administration results in different phenotypes of binge-type eating. Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112700. [PMID: 31614159 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), the most common eating disorder in the United States, is characterized by binge-type eating and is associated with higher body mass index and greater motivation for food. This disorder tends to first appear in late adolescence or young adulthood and is more common in women than men. While some animal models of BED have recapitulated both the overeating and the excessive body weight / fat of BED, very few have examined the motivational aspects of this disorder or utilized young females as subjects. In the present study, female Long-Evans rats, starting in late adolescence, were trained in operant chambers to self-administer the highly palatable Milk Chocolate Ensure Plus®, in 30-minute ("short access") or 6-hour ("long access") sessions, 5 days per week, over 6.5 weeks. For comparison, other subjects were provided with Ensure ad libitum or maintained on chow and water only. Both short and long access to Ensure led rats to develop binge-type eating, measured as greater 30-minute caloric intake than rats with ad libitum or chow access and as increasing 30-minute intake across weeks. Compared to those with short access, rats with long access demonstrated moderately increased motivation for Ensure (measured by progressive ratio testing) and, compared to those with only chow access, they eventually showed significant hyperphagia on Ensure access days and hypophagia on non-access days. Rats with long access also showed greater body weight/fat than those maintained on chow. These findings suggest that, while both short and long operant access to Ensure causes young female rats to meet the definition of binge-type eating, they lead to different phenotypes of this behavior, with long access promoting the development of a greater number of features found in clinical BED. Ultimately, both models may be useful in future studies aimed at identifying the neurobiological basis of binge eating.
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Reijrink M, de Boer SA, Spoor DS, Lefrandt JD, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Boellaard R, Greuter MJ, Borra RJH, Hillebrands JL, Slart RHJA, Mulder DJ. Visceral adipose tissue volume is associated with premature atherosclerosis in early type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of traditional risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:87-93. [PMID: 31604171 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with abdominal obesity, predominantly with high visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and is accompanied by premature atherosclerosis. However, the association between VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with premature atherosclerosis and (i.e. arterial) inflammation is not completely understood. To provide more insight into this association, we investigated the association between arterial 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) uptake, as a measure of arterial inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers in early T2DM patients. METHODS Forty-four patients with early T2DM, without glucose lowering medication, were studied (median age 63 [IQR 54-66] years, median BMI 30.4 [IQR 27.5-35.8]). Arterial inflammation was quantified using glucose corrected maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) FDG of the aorta, carotid, iliac, and femoral arteries, and corrected for background activity (blood pool) as target-to-background ratio (meanTBR). VAT and SAT volumes (cm3) were automatically segmented using computed tomography (CT) between levels L1-L5. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was assessed by liver function test and CT. RESULTS VAT volume, but not SAT volume, correlated with meanTBR (r = 0.325, p = 0.031). Linear regression models showed a significant association, even after sequential adjustment for potentially influencing MetS components. Interaction term VAT volume * sex and additional components including HbA1c, insulin resistance, NAFLD, adiponectin, leptin, and C- reactive protein (CRP) did not change the independent association between VAT volume and meanTBR. CONCLUSIONS CT-assessed VAT volume is positively associated with FDG-PET assessed arterial inflammation, independently of factors thought to potentially mediate these effects. These findings suggest that VAT in contrast to SAT is linked to early atherosclerotic changes in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reijrink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie A de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan S Spoor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop D Lefrandt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands; VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jw Greuter
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, Enschede, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J H Borra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, division of Pathology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Yu HR, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Chen CC, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Tsai CC, Chang KA, Huang LT. Resveratrol Treatment Ameliorates Leptin Resistance and Adiposity Programed by the Combined Effect of Maternal and Post-Weaning High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801385. [PMID: 31004461 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Prenatal high-fat (HF) and postnatal HF diet are both associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances in adults. Leptin resistance induced by obesity limits its biological effects. The anti-obesity mechanism of resveratrol in visceral adiposity is investigated here. METHODS AND RESULTS During mating and lactation, Sprague-Dawley dams are fed either control or a HF diet. Subsequently, the offspring are fed chow or an HF diet. A fifth group that received maternal/postnatal HF diet and resveratrol after weaning (HHR) is used to study the effects of resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment alleviates adiposity programed by maternal and postnatal HF diet by decreasing feed intake or inducing metabolic changes. Resveratrol treatment is also found to ameliorate the decrease in SIRT1 abundance observed in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, programed by maternal and postnatal HF diet. Moreover, resveratrol therapy decreases plasma leptin level and increases leptin receptor expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue through DNA methylation modification. CONCLUSION These results suggest that resveratrol can alleviate peripheral leptin resistance programed by the combined effect of prenatal and postnatal HF diet through epigenetic regulation of genes coding leptin and its receptor. It provides insights into a novel mechanism explaining the beneficial effects of resveratrol in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Krishna MS, Revathy VM, Jaleel A. Adipocytes utilize sucrose as an energy source—Effect of different carbohydrates on adipocyte differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:891-899. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S. Krishna
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Diabetes Biology Lab Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Kerala India
| | - V. M. Revathy
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Diabetes Biology Lab Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Kerala India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Diabetes Biology Lab Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Kerala India
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Zhu Q, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Cao J, Liu L, Liang C, Shi H. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism Involving Different Types of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2707. [PMID: 31159462 PMCID: PMC6600468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts to identify regulatory factors that control energy metabolism, the prevalence of obesity has been continuously rising, with nearly 40% of US adults being obese. Interactions between secretory factors from adipose tissues and the nervous system innervating adipose tissues play key roles in maintaining energy metabolism and promoting survival in response to metabolic challenges. It is currently accepted that there are three types of adipose tissues, white (WAT), brown (BAT), and beige (BeAT), all of which play essential roles in maintaining energy homeostasis. WAT mainly stores energy under positive energy balance, while it releases fuels under negative energy balance. Thermogenic BAT and BeAT dissipate energy as heat under cold exposure to maintain body temperature. Adipose tissues require neural and endocrine communication with the brain. A number of WAT adipokines and BAT batokines interact with the neural circuits extending from the brain to cooperatively regulate whole-body lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. We review neuroanatomical, histological, genetic, and pharmacological studies in neuroendocrine regulation of adipose function, including lipid storage and mobilization of WAT, non-shivering thermogenesis of BAT, and browning of BeAT. Recent whole-tissue imaging and transcriptome analysis of differential gene expression in WAT and BAT yield promising findings to better understand the interaction between secretory factors and neural circuits, which represents a novel opportunity to tackle obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Lim U, Monroe KR, Buchthal S, Fan B, Cheng I, Kristal BS, Lampe JW, Hullar MA, Franke AA, Stram DO, Wilkens LR, Shepherd J, Ernst T, Marchand LL. Propensity for Intra-abdominal and Hepatic Adiposity Varies Among Ethnic Groups. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:966-975.e10. [PMID: 30445012 PMCID: PMC6409195 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We compared fat storage in the abdominal region among individuals from 5 different ethnic-racial groups to determine whether fat storage is associated with disparities observed in metabolic syndrome and other obesity-associated diseases. METHODS We collected data from 1794 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (60-77 years old; of African, European [white], Japanese, Latino, or Native Hawaiian ancestry) with body mass index values of 17.1-46.2 kg/m2. From May 2013 through April 2016, participants visited the study clinic to undergo body measurements, an interview, and a blood collection. Participants were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Among ethnic groups, we compared adiposity of the trunk, intra-abdominal visceral cavity, and liver, adjusting for total fat mass; we evaluated the association of adult weight change with abdominal adiposity; and we examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome mediated by abdominal adiposity. RESULTS Relative amounts of trunk, visceral, and liver fat varied significantly with ethnicity-they were highest in Japanese Americans, lowest in African Americans, and intermediate in the other groups. Compared with African Americans, the mean visceral fat area was 45% and 73% greater in Japanese American men and women, respectively, and the mean measurements of liver fat were 61% and 122% greater in Japanese American men and women. The visceral and hepatic adiposity associated with weight gain since participants were 21 years old varied in a similar pattern among ethnic-racial groups. In the mediation analysis, visceral and liver fat jointly accounted for a statistically significant fraction of the difference in metabolic syndrome prevalence, compared with white persons, for African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiian women, independently of total fat mass. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from the participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, we found extensive differences among ethnic-racial groups in the propensity to store fat intra-abdominally. This observation should be considered by clinicians in the prevention and early detection of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unhee Lim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| | - Kristine R. Monroe
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Steve Buchthal
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Bruce S. Kristal
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | | | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
| | - John Shepherd
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Ernst
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A
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Zhu W, Niu X, Wang M, Li Z, Jiang HK, Li C, Caton SJ, Bai Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders of the white adipose tissues induced by high-fat diet containing industrial trans-fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1625-1638. [PMID: 31507325 PMCID: PMC6718956 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s218336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (iTFAs) can result in alteration to lipid profile and glucose metabolism. Moreover, a diet high in iTFAs could increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucose and lipid metabolism are closely linked in white adipose tissue (WAT), yet the underlying mechanisms of the effect of iTFAs in WAT are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parameters of glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of WAT were measured in rats maintained on a high-fat diet containing margarine (HFD-M) (n=10) compared to controls maintained on standard chow (n=10) over 16 weeks. RESULTS Fat mass and body weight was significantly increased in rats maintained on the HFD-M compared to controls (P<0.01). HFD-M rats had increased levels of insulin (INS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and serum lipid profile was significantly altered. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were significantly increased in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipose depots of HFD-M-fed rats. In vitro, wider ER lumens were observed in 100μmol/L elaidic acid (EA)-treated human mature adipocytes. We observed activation of ER stress markers, impaired INS receptor signaling and increased lipogenesis in adipocytes after EA exposure. These effects could be alleviated by inhibiting ER stress in adipocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION Collectively these data suggest that ER stress may be involved in INS resistance and lipid metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet containing iTFAs. These findings suggest that WAT could be regarded as a key target organ for inhibiting ER stress to reverse the impaired INS receptor signaling, alleviate lipid metabolism disorders, and provide a novel approach to prevent and treat INS resistance and dyslipidemia-related chronic diseases such as T2MD and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Niu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Kun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Samantha J Caton
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Public Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yinglong Bai Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang110122, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaTel+86 243 193 9406Fax +86 243 193 9406Email
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Yang TY, Gardner JC, Gentile JD, Liang NC. Sex and individual differences in meal patterns mediate the persistency of running-associated high-fat diet avoidance in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R130-R143. [PMID: 30403499 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00231.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The modern environment is characterized by convenient access to a variety of high-fat (HF) foods and encourages excess energy intake, which leads to weight gain. While healthier diets and exercise are common interventions that facilitate energy balance, meal patterns also influence body weight and energy metabolism. The current study characterized the association among exercise, diet choice, and meal patterns in rats. Unlike sedentary rats, which prefer a HF to a chow diet, wheel-running rats initially avoid the HF diet. Subsequently, the running-induced HF diet avoidance persists longer in males than in females. We hypothesized that differences in meal patterns contribute to sex differences in the prevalence and persistency of HF diet avoidance. During two-diet choice, rats did not mix chow and HF diet within a meal and consumed discrete meals of each diet. Exercise decreased chow meal size in both sexes (4.5 vs. 5.7 kcal) but decreased total meal frequency only in male rats. Analyses of individual differences revealed WR rats that maintained HF diet avoidance (HF avoiders) had larger chow than HF meals (5.2 vs. 1.3 kcal) upon initial 3 days of diet choice. When compared with rats that reversed HF avoidance (HF eaters), HF avoiders had shorter latency to consume their first meal of HF diet (2.6 vs. 98.9 min) upon initial running and diet choice. Taken together, these results suggest that both sex and individual differences in meal patterns contribute to differences in the persistency of exercise-associated HF diet avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jennie C Gardner
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Nu-Chu Liang
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
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Molina J, Joaquim A, Bonamin LV, Martins MDFM, Kirsten TB, Cardoso CV, Bernardi MM, Bondan EF. Reduced astrocytic expression of GFAP in the offspring of female rats that received hypercaloric diet. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:411-421. [PMID: 30126346 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1512783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity promotes hypothalamic inflammation and local morphological changes in astrocytes, including the increased expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is seen as a sign of neuroinflammation.Objective: This study aimed to observe the astrocytic expression of GFAP in different brain areas from female rats that received a hypercaloric (HD) or a normocaloric (ND) diet during puberty (F0 generation) as well as in their male pups (F1 generation).Methods: Female rats received highly palatable HD (Ensure®) or ND from postnatal day (PND) 23-65. On PND90-95, some were euthanized for the immunohistochemical study and some were mated to obtain the F1 generation. Male pups were immunochallenged on PND50 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg/kg) or 0.9% saline solution (1 mL/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Body weight (BW) and retroperitoneal fat weight (RFW) were recorded on PND95 for F0 generation and on PND50 for F1 generation. GFAP expression for both generations was assessed by morphometry in the parietal/frontal cortex, corpus callosum, nucleus accumbens, arcuate/periventricular nuclei of hypothalamus, pons, molecular/granular layers of cerebellum.Results: Female rats fed with HD presented a significant increase in the GFAP expression in all evaluated areas as well as in the RFW. Male rats born from mothers that received HD showed decreased GFAP expression, BW and RFW when treated with LPS in relation to those from mothers fed with ND.Discussion: HD induced astrogliosis in several brain areas in females from F0 generation and an adaptive phenotypic change of decreased GFAP expression in males from F1 generation after LPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Molina
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Andréia Joaquim
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Leoni Vilano Bonamin
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Monteiro Martins
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 225, São Paulo 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vieira Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandes Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista (UNIP), Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo 04026-002, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Av. Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 225, São Paulo 08060-070, Brazil
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Linkov F, Goughnour SL, Adambekov S, Lokshin A, Kelley JL, Sukumvanich P, Comerci JT, Marra KG, Kokai LE, Rubin JP, Vlad AM, Philips BJ, Edwards RP. Inflammatory biomarker in adipose stem cells of women with endometrial cancer. Biomark Med 2018; 12:945-952. [PMID: 30043637 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore inflammatory biomarkers secreted by adipose stem cells (ASCs) in omental, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of women with endometrial cancer. PATIENTS & METHODS ASCs were collected from 22 women, aged 35-83 years, undergoing hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. Angiopoietin-2, EGF, IL-8, leptin, VEGFA, VEGFC and VEFGD levels in the ASC-conditioned media were analyzed by Luminex. RESULTS We found a significant difference between the three depots for IL-8 (p < 0.0001), with the highest levels of IL-8 in the omental depot. VEGFA levels were highest in the retroperitoneal depot. CONCLUSION This is one of the first studies to explore biomarker expression in ASC-conditioned media in adipose tissue. ASC characteristics may be important to evaluate in relation to cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Linkov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Blvd of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Sharon L Goughnour
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Blvd of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shalkar Adambekov
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Anna Lokshin
- Department of Medicine, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paniti Sukumvanich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John T Comerci
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lauren E Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anda M Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Blvd of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian J Philips
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Blvd of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Blvd of the Allies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 is up-regulated in hyperglycemia and is associated with incident diabetes negatively. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:512-522. [PMID: 30022055 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) can enhance tissue glucose uptake in cell studies and normalize hyperglycemia in animal studies. However, serum VAP-1 concentration (sVAP-1) is higher in subjects with diabetes in cross-sectional studies. In this cohort study, we test our hypothesis that sVAP-1 is increased in prediabetes to counteract hyperglycemia and is associated with incident diabetes negatively. SUBJECTS/METHODS From 2006 to 2012, 600 subjects without diabetes from Taiwan Lifestyle Study were included and followed regularly. Diabetes was diagnosed if FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L), 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, or if the subject received anti-diabetic medications. Abdominal fat areas were measured by abdominal computed tomography and sVAP-1 was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS sVAP-1 was higher in subjects with prediabetes (p < 0.05) and increased during an OGTT (p < 0.001). Fasting sVAP-1 was associated with the response of sVAP-1 during an OGTT (p < 0.001). Besides, sVAP-1 was associated negatively with body mass index (BMI, r = -0.1449, p = 0.003), waist circumference (r = -0.1425, p = 0.004), abdominal visceral (r = -0.1457, p = 0.003), and subcutaneous (r = -0.1025, p = 0.035) fat areas, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration (r = -0.2035, p < 0.0001), and positively with plasma adiponectin concentration (r = 0.2086, p < 0.0001), adjusted for age and gender. After 4.7 ± 2.6 years, 73 subjects (12.2%) developed incident diabetes. High sVAP-1 predicted a lower incidence of diabetes, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50-0.88, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS sVAP-1 is increased in response to hyperglycemia. It is associated with obesity and serum hsCRP concentration negatively, and plasma adiponectin concentration positively. Besides, a high sVAP-1 is associated with a lower incidence of diabetes in human.
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Yu HR, Tain YL, Tiao MM, Chen CC, Sheen JM, Lin IC, Li SW, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Hsieh KS, Huang LT. Prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal high-fat diet have a synergistic effect of elevating blood pressure through a distinct programming mechanism of systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin systems. Lipids Health Dis 2018. [PMID: 29540174 PMCID: PMC5853160 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension may result from high-fat (HF) diet induced-obesity and overexposure to glucocorticoids in utero. Recent studies demonstrated the potent contribution of adipose tissue’s renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to systemic RAS, which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure (BP). In this study, we investigated the effects of prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure and postnatal HF diet on RAS of adipose tissue. Methods RAS and BP of 6-month old rats exposed to prenatal DEX and/or postnatal HF diet were examined. Results Prenatal DEX plus postnatal HF exerted a synergistic effect on systolic BP. Prenatal DEX exposure suppressed plasma angiotensin (ANG) I and ANG II, whereas postnatal HF suppressed plasma ANG-(1–7) level. Prenatal DEX increased prorenin receptor and renin levels, but suppressed angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme 1 (ACE1) mRNA expressions in adipose tissue. Postnatal HF increased AGT mRNA expression, but suppressed prorenin receptor, renin, ACE2, ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2R), and Mas receptor (MasR) mRNA expression levels. Conclusions Prenatal GC exposure altered the ACE1/ANG II/ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis, whereas postnatal HF negatively impacted the ACE2/ANG-(1–7)/MasR axis. Prenatal DEX exposure and postnatal HF synergistically elevated BP through a distinct programming mechanism of systemic and adipose RAS. Adipose RAS might be a target for precise hypertension treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0701-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Volk KM, Pogrebna VV, Roberts JA, Zachry JE, Blythe SN, Toporikova N. High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Disrupts the Preovulatory Hormone Surge and Induces Cystic Ovaries in Cycling Female Rats. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:1488-1505. [PMID: 29308444 PMCID: PMC5740526 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity has been associated with various metabolic and reproductive disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which obesity influences the reproductive system are still not fully known. Studies have suggested that impairments in hormone signaling are associated with the development of symptoms such as acyclicity and ovarian cysts. However, these studies have often failed to address how these hormonal changes arise and how they might contribute to the progression of reproductive diseases. In the present study, we used a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet to induce obesity in a female rodent model to determine the changes in critical reproductive hormones that might contribute to the development of irregular estrous cycling and reproductive cycle termination. The HFHS animals exhibited impaired estradiol, progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) surges before ovulation. The HFHS diet also resulted in altered basal levels of testosterone (T) and LH. Furthermore, alterations in the basal P4/T ratio correlated strongly with ovarian cyst formation in HFHS rats. Thus, this model provides a method to assess the underlying etiology of obesity-related reproductive dysfunction and to examine an acyclic reproductive phenotype as it develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Volk
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | | | - Jackson A. Roberts
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | - Jennifer E. Zachry
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | - Sarah N. Blythe
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
| | - Natalia Toporikova
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
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Pitynski-Miller D, Ross M, Schmill M, Schambow R, Fuller T, Flynn FW, Skinner DC. A high salt diet inhibits obesity and delays puberty in the female rat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1685-1692. [PMID: 28674441 PMCID: PMC5675756 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Processed foods are considered major contributors to the worldwide obesity epidemic. In addition to high sugar and fat contents, processed foods contain large amounts of salt. Owing to the correlations with rising adiposity, salt has recently been proposed to be obesogenic. This study investigated three hypotheses: (i) high salt contributes to weight gain and adiposity in juvenile female rats, (ii) puberty onset would be altered because salt is known to affect neuronal systems involved in activating the reproductive system, and (iii) enhanced adiposity will act synergistically with salt to drive early puberty onset. DESIGN Female weanling rats (post-natal day 21, n=105) were fed a low fat/low salt diet, low fat/high salt diet, high fat/low salt diet or a high salt/high fat diet for 24 days. Metabolic measures, including weight gain, food intake, fecal output, activity and temperature were recorded in subsets of animals. RESULTS Body weight, retroperitoneal and perirenal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size were all lower in animals fed high fat/high salt compared with animals fed high fat alone. Leptin levels were reduced in high fat/high salt fed animals compared with high fat/low salt-fed animals. Daily calorie intake was higher initially but declined with adjusted food intake and was not different among groups after 5 days. Osmolality and corticosterone were not different among groups. Fecal analysis showed excess fat excretion and a decreased digestive efficiency in animals fed high fat/low salt but not in animals fed high fat/high salt. Although respiratory exchange ratio was reduced by high dietary fat or salt, aerobic-resting metabolic rate was not affected by the diet. High salt delayed puberty onset, regardless of dietary fat content. CONCLUSIONS Salt delays puberty and prevents the obesogenic effect of a high fat diet. The reduced weight gain evident in high salt-fed animals is not due to differences in food intake or digestive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori Pitynski-Miller
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Micah Ross
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Margaret Schmill
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Rachel Schambow
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Teresa Fuller
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Francis W. Flynn
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Donal C. Skinner
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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Rosenblatt AJ, Scrivani PV, Boisclair YR, Reeves AP, Ramos-Nieves JM, Xie Y, Erb HN. Evaluation of a semi-automated computer algorithm for measuring total fat and visceral fat content in lambs undergoing in vivo whole body computed tomography. Vet J 2017; 228:46-52. [PMID: 29153108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a suitable tool for measuring body fat, since it is non-destructive and can be used to differentiate metabolically active visceral fat from total body fat. Whole body analysis of body fat is likely to be more accurate than single CT slice estimates of body fat. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between semi-automated computer analysis of whole body volumetric CT data and conventional proximate (chemical) analysis of body fat in lambs. Data were collected prospectively from 12 lambs that underwent duplicate whole body CT, followed by slaughter and carcass analysis by dissection and chemical analysis. Agreement between methods for quantification of total and visceral fat was assessed by Bland-Altman plot analysis. The repeatability of CT was assessed for these measures using the mean difference of duplicated measures. When compared to chemical analysis, CT systematically underestimated total and visceral fat contents by more than 10% of the mean fat weight. Therefore, carcass analysis and semi-automated CT computer measurements were not interchangeable for quantifying body fat content without the use of a correction factor. CT acquisition was repeatable, with a mean difference of repeated measures being close to zero. Therefore, uncorrected whole body CT might have an application for assessment of relative changes in fat content, especially in growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana J Rosenblatt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Peter V Scrivani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yves R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anthony P Reeves
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jose M Ramos-Nieves
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yiting Xie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hollis N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Dahran N, Szewczyk-Bieda M, Wei C, Vinnicombe S, Nabi G. Normalized periprostatic fat MRI measurements can predict prostate cancer aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localised disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4630. [PMID: 28680067 PMCID: PMC5498487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprostatic and pelvic fat have been shown to influence prostate cancer behaviour through the secretion of chemokines and growth factors, acting in a paracrine mode. We have measured periprostatic fat volume (PFV) with normalisation to prostate gland volume on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and have correlated this with grade (Gleason score; GS) and pathological staging (pT) of prostate cancer (PCa) following radical prostatectomy (RP). PFV was determined using a segmentation technique on contiguous T1-weighted axial MRI slices from the level of the prostate base to the apex. The abdominal fat area (AFA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were measured using T1-weighted axial slices at the level of the umbilicus and the upper border of the symphysis pubis, respectively. PFV was normalised to prostate volume (PV) to account for variations in PV (NPFV = PFV/PV). Patients were stratified into three risk groups according to post-operative GS: ≤6, 7(3 + 4), and ≥7(4 + 3). NPFV was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.001) and positively correlated with post-operative GS (ρ = 0.294, p < 0.001). There was a difference in NPFV between those with upgrading of GS from 6 post prostatectomy (2.43 ± 0.98; n = 26) compared to those who continued to be low grade (1.99 ± 0.82; n = 17); however, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naief Dahran
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cheng Wei
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sarah Vinnicombe
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Morrison PK, Harris PA, Maltin CA, Grove-White D, Argo CM. EQUIFAT: A novel scoring system for the semi-quantitative evaluation of regional adipose tissues in Equidae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173753. [PMID: 28296956 PMCID: PMC5351866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomically distinct adipose tissues represent variable risks to metabolic health in man and some other mammals. Quantitative-imaging of internal adipose depots is problematic in large animals and associations between regional adiposity and health are poorly understood. This study aimed to develop and test a semi-quantitative system (EQUIFAT) which could be applied to regional adipose tissues. Anatomically-defined, photographic images of adipose depots (omental, mesenteric, epicardial, rump) were collected from 38 animals immediately post-mortem. Images were ranked and depot-specific descriptors were developed (1 = no fat visible; 5 = excessive fat present). Nuchal-crest and ventro-abdominal-retroperitoneal adipose depot depths (cm) were transformed to categorical 5 point scores. The repeatability and reliability of EQUIFAT was independently tested by 24 observers. When half scores were permitted, inter-observer agreement was substantial (average κw: mesenteric, 0.79; omental, 0.79; rump 0.61) or moderate (average κw; epicardial, 0.60). Intra-observer repeatability was tested by 8 observers on 2 occasions. Kappa analysis indicated perfect (omental and mesenteric) and substantial agreement (epicardial and rump) between attempts. A further 207 animals were evaluated ante-mortem (age, height, breed-type, gender, body condition score [BCS]) and again immediately post-mortem (EQUIFAT scores, carcass weight). Multivariable, random effect linear regression models were fitted (breed as random effect; BCS as outcome variable). Only height, carcass weight, omental and retroperitoneal EQUIFAT scores remained as explanatory variables in the final model. The EQUIFAT scores developed here demonstrate clear functional differences between regional adipose depots and future studies could be directed towards describing associations between adiposity and disease risk in surgical and post-mortem situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa K. Morrison
- University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A. Maltin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
- Biomics Ltd, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dai Grove-White
- University of Liverpool, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline McG. Argo
- University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Guilford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Guraslan H, Dogan K, Kaya C, Senturk MB, Guraslan B, Helvacioglu C, Akbayir O, Yasar L. Could body mass index be an indicator for endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women with heavy menstrual bleeding? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:395-402. [PMID: 26895636 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of body mass index (BMI) in women with premenopausal heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) to identify patients who should undergo endometrial biopsy. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 1120 premenopausal women who presented to the Gynecology Clinic, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, due to HMB and who underwent endometrial sampling. The abnormal endometrial histopathological results were analyzed by separating patients into groups of all abnormal findings (hyperplasia without atypia + hyperplasia with atypia + carcinoma) and hyperplasia with atypia + carcinoma. Sensitivity and specificity of the abnormal histopathological results were calculated in both groups using BMI cut-off values as 25, 30 and 35 and age cut-offs as 40 and 45 years. RESULTS The rate of hyperplasia with atypia and carcinoma was sevenfold higher in women with a BMI ≥30 compared to those with a BMI ≤30 (95 % CI 2.4-17.9). In the analyses, BMI was a stronger risk factor in women younger than 45 years of age. The risk of endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia was twofold higher in patients older than 45 years when compared with patients younger than 45 years (95 % CI 1.1-5.1). CONCLUSIONS All women with a BMI ≥30 and presenting premenopausal HMB should undergo endometrial biopsy regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Guraslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Keziban Dogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Baki Senturk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zeynep Kamil Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birgul Guraslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caglar Helvacioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Akbayir
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Yasar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Teaching and Research Hospital, Tevfik Saglam Street, No: 11, Zuhuratbaba, Bakirkoy, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
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