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Sun H, Wu M, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu J. The regulatory role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone proteins in neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1032607. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest tubular reticular organelle spanning the cell. As the main site of protein synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism, the ER plays a variety of essential roles in eukaryotic cells, with ER molecular chaperones participate in all these processes. In recent years, it has been reported that the abnormal expression of ER chaperones often leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including abnormal neuronal migration, neuronal morphogenesis, and synaptic function. Neuronal development is a complex and precisely regulated process. Currently, the mechanism by which neural development is regulated at the ER level remains under investigation. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed the recent advances in the roles of ER chaperones in neural development and developmental disorders caused by the deficiency of these molecular chaperones.
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François-Moutal L, Scott DD, Ambrose AJ, Zerio CJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez M, Dissanayake K, May DG, Carlson JM, Barbieri E, Moutal A, Roux KJ, Shorter J, Khanna R, Barmada SJ, McGurk L, Khanna M. Heat shock protein Grp78/BiP/HspA5 binds directly to TDP-43 and mitigates toxicity associated with disease pathology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8140. [PMID: 35581326 PMCID: PMC9114370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatment in which TAR DNA Binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally accumulates into misfolded protein aggregates in affected neurons. It is widely accepted that protein misfolding and aggregation promotes proteotoxic stress. The molecular chaperones are a primary line of defense against proteotoxic stress, and there has been long-standing interest in understanding the relationship between chaperones and aggregated protein in ALS. Of particular interest are the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (Hsp70) family of chaperones. However, defining which of the 13 human Hsp70 isoforms is critical for ALS has presented many challenges. To gain insight into the specific Hsp70 that modulates TDP-43, we investigated the relationship between TDP-43 and the Hsp70s using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and discovered several Hsp70 isoforms associated with TDP-43 in the nucleus, raising the possibility of an interaction with native TDP-43. We further found that HspA5 bound specifically to the RNA-binding domain of TDP-43 using recombinantly expressed proteins. Moreover, in a Drosophila strain that mimics ALS upon TDP-43 expression, the mRNA levels of the HspA5 homologue (Hsc70.3) were significantly increased. Similarly we observed upregulation of HspA5 in prefrontal cortex neurons from human ALS patients. Finally, overexpression of HspA5 in Drosophila rescued TDP-43-induced toxicity, suggesting that upregulation of HspA5 may have a compensatory role in ALS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David Donald Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Kumara Dissanayake
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Danielle G May
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob M Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Edward Barbieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Leeanne McGurk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, NYU, 433 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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3
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Jennings MJ, Hathazi D, Nguyen CDL, Munro B, Münchberg U, Ahrends R, Schenck A, Eidhof I, Freier E, Synofzik M, Horvath R, Roos A. Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Accompanies Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Caused by Loss of the Co-chaperone DNAJC3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710247. [PMID: 34692675 PMCID: PMC8526738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in DNAJC3, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident BiP co-chaperone, have been identified in patients with multisystemic neurodegeneration and diabetes mellitus. To further unravel these pathomechanisms, we employed a non-biased proteomic approach and identified dysregulation of several key cellular pathways, suggesting a pathophysiological interplay of perturbed lipid metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, ER-Golgi function, and amyloid-beta processing. Further functional investigations in fibroblasts of patients with DNAJC3 mutations detected cellular accumulation of lipids and an increased sensitivity to cholesterol stress, which led to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), alterations of the ER-Golgi machinery, and a defect of amyloid precursor protein. In line with the results of previous studies, we describe here alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function, as a major contributor to the DNAJC3 pathophysiology. Hence, we propose that the loss of DNAJC3 affects lipid/cholesterol homeostasis, leading to UPR activation, β-amyloid accumulation, and impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Jennings
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chi D. L. Nguyen
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Munro
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Münchberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Eidhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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GRP78 Overexpression Triggers PINK1-IP 3R-Mediated Neuroprotective Mitophagy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081039. [PMID: 34440243 PMCID: PMC8391647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental model of spinal root avulsion (RA) is useful to study causal molecular programs that drive retrograde neurodegeneration after neuron-target disconnection. This neurodegenerative process shares common characteristics with neuronal disease-related processes such as the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy flux blockage. We previously found that the overexpression of GRP78 promoted motoneuronal neuroprotection after RA. After that, we aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by carrying out a comparative unbiased proteomic analysis and pharmacological and genetic interventions. Unexpectedly, mitochondrial factors turned out to be most altered when GRP78 was overexpressed, and the abundance of engulfed mitochondria, a hallmark of mitophagy, was also observed by electronic microscopy in RA-injured motoneurons after GRP78 overexpression. In addition, GRP78 overexpression increased LC3-mitochondria tagging, promoted PINK1 translocation, mitophagy induction, and recovered mitochondrial function in ER-stressed cells. Lastly, we found that GRP78-promoted pro-survival mitophagy was mediated by PINK1 and IP3R in our in vitro model of motoneuronal death. This data indicates a novel relationship between the GRP78 chaperone and mitophagy, opening novel therapeutical options for drug design to achieve neuroprotection.
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The Function of KDEL Receptors as UPR Genes in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115436. [PMID: 34063979 PMCID: PMC8196686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDEL receptor retrieval pathway is essential for maintaining resident proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. ER resident proteins serve a variety of functions, including protein folding and maturation. Perturbations to the lumenal ER microenvironment, such as calcium depletion, can cause protein misfolding and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Additionally, ER resident proteins are secreted from the cell by overwhelming the KDEL receptor retrieval pathway. Recent data show that KDEL receptors are also activated during the UPR through the IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathway as an adaptive response to cellular stress set forth to reduce the loss of ER resident proteins. This review will discuss the emerging connection between UPR activation and KDEL receptors as it pertains to ER proteostasis and disease states.
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6
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Hetz C. Adapting the proteostasis capacity to sustain brain healthspan. Cell 2021; 184:1545-1560. [PMID: 33691137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining neuronal proteostasis during the course of our life is a central aspect required for brain function. The dynamic nature of synaptic composition and abundance is a requisite to drive cognitive and motor processes involving a tight control of many aspects of protein biosynthesis and degradation. Through the concerted action of specialized stress sensors, the proteostasis network monitors and limits the accumulation of damaged, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. These stress pathways signal to the cytosol and nucleus to reprogram gene expression, enabling adaptive programs to recover cell function. During aging, the activity of the proteostasis network declines, which may increase the risk of accumulating abnormal protein aggregates, a hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. Here, I discuss emerging concepts illustrating the functional significance of adaptive signaling pathways to normal brain physiology and their contribution to age-related disorders. Pharmacological and gene therapy strategies to intervene and boost proteostasis are expected to extend brain healthspan and ameliorate disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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7
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Medinas DB, Hazari Y, Hetz C. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis in Age-Related Nervous System Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:239-278. [PMID: 34050870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a prominent cellular alteration of diseases impacting the nervous system that are associated to the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated protein species during aging. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main pathway mediating adaptation to ER stress, but it can also trigger deleterious cascades of inflammation and cell death leading to cell dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacological studies in experimental models shed light into molecular pathways possibly contributing to ER stress and the UPR activation in human neuropathies. Most of experimental models are, however, based on the overexpression of mutant proteins causing familial forms of these diseases or the administration of neurotoxins that induce pathology in young animals. Whether the mechanisms uncovered in these models are relevant for the etiology of the vast majority of age-related sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases is an open question. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the current evidence linking ER stress to human pathology and the main mechanisms elucidated in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight the recent association of metabolic syndrome to increased risk to undergo neurodegeneration, where ER stress arises as a common denominator in the pathogenic crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Younis Hazari
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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8
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Pharmacological Chaperones Attenuate the Development of Opioid Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207536. [PMID: 33066035 PMCID: PMC7593907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics widely used to control acute and chronic pain, but long-term use induces tolerance that reduces their effectiveness. Opioids such as morphine bind to mu opioid receptors (MORs), and several downstream signaling pathways are capable of inducing tolerance. We previously reported that signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contributed to the development of morphine tolerance. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER induced the unfolded protein response (UPR) that causes diverse pathological conditions. We examined the effects of pharmacological chaperones that alleviate ER stress on opioid tolerance development by assessing thermal nociception in mice. Pharmacological chaperones such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid and 4-phenylbutyrate suppressed the development of morphine tolerance and restored analgesia. Chaperones alone did not cause analgesia. Although morphine administration induced analgesia when glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was in an inactive state due to serine 9 phosphorylation, repeated morphine administration suppressed this phosphorylation event. Co-administration of chaperones maintained the inactive state of GSK3β. These results suggest that ER stress may facilitate morphine tolerance due to intracellular crosstalk between the UPR and MOR signaling. Pharmacological chaperones may be useful in the management of opioid misuse.
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9
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Aoe T. Pathological Aspects of COVID-19 as a Conformational Disease and the Use of Pharmacological Chaperones as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1095. [PMID: 32754041 PMCID: PMC7366900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the seventh human coronavirus infectious disease, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, followed by its rapid spread globally (251,059 deaths, on May 5, 2020, by Johns Hopkins University). An early clinical report showed that fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and myalgia were initial symptoms, with the development of pneumonia as the disease progressed. Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases. Lymphopenia and an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also observed. Although COVID-19 patients are administered glucocorticoid therapy to treat the excessive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the efficacy of this form of therapy is unclear. Viremia is observed in severe cases, suggesting that in addition to type II alveolar epithelial cells, many cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, renal tubular cells, neuronal cells, and lymphocytes, may be damaged. The improvement of survival rates requires elucidation of the mechanism by which cellular damage occurs during viral infection. Cellular therapy, along with organ support systems such as oxygen therapy, artificial ventilation, extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and dialysis, as well as antiviral therapy, are required. Viral replication in infected host cells may perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress. Although an adaptive cellular response, i.e. the unfolded protein response, can compensate for the misfolded protein burden to some extent, continued viral proliferation may induce inflammation and cell death. Therefore, we propose that proteostasis dysfunction may cause conformational disorders in COVID-19. The application of pharmacological chaperone therapy to treat COVID-19 patients is additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Aoe
- Pain Center, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Conflicting Actions of Inhalational Anesthetics, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection, Mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020450. [PMID: 31936788 PMCID: PMC7013687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that exposure of the developing brain to inhalational anesthetics can cause neurotoxicity. However, other studies have claimed that anesthetics can exert neuroprotective effects. We investigated the mechanisms associated with the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects exerted by inhalational anesthetics. Neuroblastoma cells were exposed to sevoflurane and then cultured in 1% oxygen. We evaluated the expression of proteins related to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Next, we exposed adult mice in which binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) had been mutated, and wild-type mice, to sevoflurane, and evaluated their cognitive function. We compared our results to those from our previous study in which mice were exposed to sevoflurane at the fetal stage. Pre-exposure to sevoflurane reduced the expression of CHOP in neuroblastoma cells exposed to hypoxia. Anesthetic pre-exposure also significantly improved the cognitive function of adult wild-type mice, but not the mutant mice. In contrast, mice exposed to anesthetics during the fetal stage showed cognitive impairment. Our data indicate that exposure to inhalational anesthetics causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and subsequently leads to an adaptive response, the UPR. This response may enhance the capacity of cells to adapt to injuries and improve neuronal function in adult mice, but not in developing mice.
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Kokubun H, Jin H, Aoe T. Pathogenic Effects of Impaired Retrieval between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225614. [PMID: 31717602 PMCID: PMC6888596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular activities, such as growth and secretion, are dependent on correct protein folding and intracellular protein transport. Injury, like ischemia, malnutrition, and invasion of toxic substances, affect the folding environment in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER senses this information, following which cells adapt their response to varied situations through the unfolded protein response. Activation of the KDEL receptor, resulting from the secretion from the ER of chaperones containing the KDEL sequence, plays an important role in this adaptation. The KDEL receptor was initially shown to be necessary for the retention of KDEL sequence-containing proteins in the ER. However, it has become clear that the activated KDEL receptor also regulates bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi complex, as well as from the Golgi to the secretory pathway. In addition, it has been suggested that the signal for KDEL receptor activation may also affect several other cellular activities. In this review, we discuss KDEL receptor-mediated bidirectional transport and signaling and describe disease models and human diseases related to KDEL receptor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kokubun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Department of Medicine, Pain Center, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo University, Ichihara 299-0111, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-436-62-1211
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12
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Chadwick SR, Fazio EN, Etedali-Zadeh P, Genereaux J, Duennwald ML, Lajoie P. A functional unfolded protein response is required for chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:263-277. [PMID: 31346745 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive impairment of proteostasis and accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins are associated with the cellular aging process. Here, we employed chronologically aged yeast cells to investigate how activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affects lifespan. We found that cells lacking a functional UPR display a significantly reduced chronological lifespan, which contrasts previous findings in models of replicative aging. We find exacerbated UPR activation in aged cells, indicating an increase in misfolded protein burden in the ER during the course of aging. We also observed that caloric restriction, which promotes longevity in various model organisms, extends lifespan of UPR-deficient strains. Similarly, aging in pH-buffered media extends lifespan, albeit independently of the UPR. Thus, our data support a role for caloric restriction and reduced acid stress in improving ER homeostasis during aging. Finally, we show that UPR-mediated upregulation of the ER chaperone Kar2 and functional ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are essential for proper aging. Our work documents the central role of secretory protein homeostasis in chronological aging in yeast and highlights that the requirement for a functional UPR can differ between post-mitotic and actively dividing eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elena N Fazio
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Parnian Etedali-Zadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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13
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Jin H, Komita M, Aoe T. Decreased Protein Quality Control Promotes the Cognitive Dysfunction Associated With Aging and Environmental Insults. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:753. [PMID: 30443201 PMCID: PMC6221900 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic and develop with age. Degenerative neural tissues often contain intra- and extracellular protein aggregates, suggesting that the proteostasis network that combats protein misfolding could be dysfunctional in the setting of neurodegenerative disease. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone that is crucial for protein folding and modulating the adaptive response in early secretory pathways. The interaction between BiP and unfolded proteins is mediated by the substrate-binding domain and nucleotide-binding domain with ATPase activity. The interaction facilitates protein folding and maturation. BiP has a recovery motif at the carboxyl terminus. The aim of this study is to examine cognitive function in model mice with an impaired proteostasis network by expressing a mutant form of BiP lacking the recovery motif. We also investigated if impairments of cognitive function were exacerbated by exposure to environmental insults, such as inhaled anesthetics. Methods: We examined cognitive function by performing radial maze testing with mutant BiP mice and assessed the additional impact of general anesthesia in the context of proteostasis dysfunction. Testing over 8 days was performed 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after birth. Results: Age-related cognitive decline occurred in both forms of mice. The mutant BiP and anesthetic exposure promoted cognitive dysfunction prior to the senile period. After senescence, when mice were tested at 6 months of age and at 1 year old, there were no significant differences between the two genotypes in terms of the radial maze testing; furthermore, there was no significant difference when tested with and without anesthetic exposure. Conclusion: Our data suggest that aging was the predominant factor underlying the impairment of cognitive function in this study. Impairment of the proteostasis network may promote age-related neurodegeneration, and this is exacerbated by external insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mari Komita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Department of Medicine, Pain Center, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo University, Ichihara, Japan
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15
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Martínez G, Duran‐Aniotz C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Vivar JP, Hetz C. Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis impairment in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:615-623. [PMID: 28436203 PMCID: PMC5506418 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature shared by both aging and protein misfolding disorders. The proteostasis network controls the health of the proteome by integrating pathways involved in protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, secretion, and their degradation. A reduction in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network during aging may increase the risk to undergo neurodegeneration by enhancing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. As almost one-third of the proteome is synthetized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), maintenance of its proper function is fundamental to sustain neuronal function. In fact, ER stress is a common feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR) operates as central player to maintain ER homeostasis or the induction of cell death of chronically damaged cells. Here, we discuss recent evidence placing ER stress as a driver of brain aging, and the emerging impact of neuronal UPR in controlling global proteostasis at the whole organismal level. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions to improve proteostasis and prevent pathological brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Center for Integrative BiologyUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile
| | - Claudia Duran‐Aniotz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe Cabral‐Miranda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Juan P. Vivar
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile
- Biomedical Neuroscience InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular BiologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCA94945USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious diseasesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
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16
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Abstract
The clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases is initiated by the selective alteration in the functionality of distinct neuronal populations. The pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases includes accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain. In physiological conditions, the proteostasis network maintains normal protein folding, trafficking and degradation; alterations in this network - particularly disturbances to the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - are thought to contribute to abnormal protein aggregation. ER stress triggers a signalling reaction known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which induces adaptive programmes that improve protein folding and promote quality control mechanisms and degradative pathways or can activate apoptosis when damage is irreversible. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in defining the functional contribution of ER stress to brain diseases, including novel evidence that relates the UPR to synaptic function, which has implications for cognition and memory. A complex concept is emerging wherein the consequences of ER stress can differ drastically depending on the disease context and the UPR signalling pathway that is altered. Strategies to target specific components of the UPR using small molecules and gene therapy are in development, and promise interesting avenues for future interventions to delay or stop neurodegeneration.
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17
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Jin H, Komita M, Aoe T. The Role of BiP Retrieval by the KDEL Receptor in the Early Secretory Pathway and its Effect on Protein Quality Control and Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:222. [PMID: 28769758 PMCID: PMC5511815 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control in the early secretory pathway is a ubiquitous eukaryotic mechanism for adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An ER molecular chaperone, immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP), is one of the essential components in this process. BiP interacts with nascent proteins to facilitate their folding. BiP also plays an important role in preventing aggregation of misfolded proteins and regulating the ER stress response when cells suffer various injuries. BiP is a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family of molecular chaperones that resides in the ER. Interaction between BiP and unfolded proteins is mediated by a substrate-binding domain and a nucleotide-binding domain for ATPase activity, leading to protein folding and maturation. BiP also possesses a retrieval motif in its carboxyl terminal. When BiP is secreted from the ER, the Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) receptor in the post-ER compartments binds with the carboxyl terminal KDEL sequence of BiP and returns BiP to the ER via coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicular transport. Although yeast studies showed that BiP retrieval by the KDEL receptor is not essential in single cells, it is crucial for multicellular organisms, where some essential proteins require retrieval to facilitate folding and maturation. Experiments in knock-in mice expressing mutant BiP with the retrieval motif deleted revealed a unique role of BiP retrieval by the KDEL receptor in neuronal development and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Mari Komita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba Rosai HospitalIchihara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Pain Center, Chiba Medical Center, Teikyo UniversityIchihara, Japan
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18
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19
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Casas C. GRP78 at the Centre of the Stage in Cancer and Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:177. [PMID: 28424579 PMCID: PMC5380735 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein GRP78, also known as BiP and HSP5a, is a multifunctional protein with activities far beyond its well-known role in the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is activated after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cells. Most of these newly discovered activities depend on its position within the cell. GRP78 is located mainly in the ER, but it has also been observed in the cytoplasm, the mitochondria, the nucleus, the plasma membrane, and secreted, although it is dedicated mostly to engage endogenous cytoprotective processes. Hence, GRP78 may control either UPR and macroautophagy or may activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pro-survival pathways. GRP78 influences how tumor cells survive, proliferate, and develop chemoresistance. In neurodegeneration, endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection are frequently insufficient or dysregulated. Lessons from tumor biology may give us clues about how boosting endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in age-related neurodegeneration. Herein, the functions of GRP78 are revealed at the center of the stage of apparently opposite sites of the same coin regarding cytoprotection: neurodegeneration and cancer. The goal is to give a comprehensive and critical review that may serve to guide future experiments to identify interventions that will enhance neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caty Casas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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20
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Park KW, Eun Kim G, Morales R, Moda F, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Concha-Marambio L, Lee AS, Hetz C, Soto C. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP78/BiP Modulates Prion Propagation in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44723. [PMID: 28333162 PMCID: PMC5363067 DOI: 10.1038/srep44723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting several mammalian species, characterized by the accumulation of the misfolded form of the prion protein, which is followed by the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). GRP78, also called BiP, is a master regulator of the UPR, reducing ER stress levels and apoptosis due to an enhancement of the cellular folding capacity. Here, we studied the role of GRP78 in prion diseases using several in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our results show that a reduction in the expression of this molecular chaperone accelerates prion pathogenesis in vivo. In addition, we observed that prion replication in cell culture was inversely related to the levels of expression of GRP78 and that both proteins interact in the cellular context. Finally, incubation of PrPSc with recombinant GRP78 led to the dose-dependent reduction of protease-resistant PrPScin vitro. Our results uncover a novel role of GRP78 in reducing prion pathogenesis, suggesting that modulating its levels/activity may offer a novel opportunity for designing therapeutic approaches for these diseases. These findings may also have implications for other diseases involving the accumulation of misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Park
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gyoung Eun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fabio Moda
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luis Concha-Marambio
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina. Av San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina. Av San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Volpi VG, Touvier T, D'Antonio M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Quality Control Failure in Myelin Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:162. [PMID: 28101003 PMCID: PMC5209374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching the correct three-dimensional structure is crucial for the proper function of a protein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle where secreted and transmembrane proteins are synthesized and folded. To guarantee high fidelity of protein synthesis and maturation in the ER, cells have evolved ER-protein quality control (ERQC) systems, which assist protein folding and promptly degrade aberrant gene products. Only correctly folded proteins that pass ERQC checkpoints are allowed to exit the ER and reach their final destination. Misfolded glycoproteins are detected and targeted for degradation by the proteasome in a process known as endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The excess of unstructured proteins in the ER triggers an adaptive signal transduction pathway, called unfolded protein response (UPR), which in turn potentiates ERQC activities in order to reduce the levels of aberrant molecules. When the situation cannot be restored, the UPR drives cells to apoptosis. Myelin-forming cells of the central and peripheral nervous system (oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells) synthesize a large amount of myelin proteins and lipids and therefore are particularly susceptible to ERQC failure. Indeed, deficits in ERQC and activation of ER stress/UPR have been implicated in several myelin disorders, such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher and Krabbe leucodystrophies, vanishing white matter disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies. Here we discuss recent evidence underlying the importance of proper ERQC functions in genetic disorders of myelinating glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera G Volpi
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Touvier
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Antonio
- Biology of Myelin Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT Milan, Italy
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22
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Jin H, Komita M, Koseki H, Aoe T. Sublethal endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by the mutation of immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein induces the synthesis of a mitochondrial protein, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:77-85. [PMID: 27796797 PMCID: PMC5225059 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic and appear later in life. Aging and neurodegeneration are closely associated, and recent investigations reveal that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the progression of these features. Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP) is an ER chaperone that is central to ER functions. We produced knock-in mice expressing a mutant BiP that lacked the retrieval sequence to elucidate the effect of a functional defect in an ER chaperone in multicellular organisms. The homozygous mutant BiP mice died within several hours after birth because of respiratory failure with an impaired biosynthesis of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar type II cells. The heterozygous mutant BiP mice grew up to be apparently normal adults, although some of them revealed motor disabilities as they aged. Here, we report that the synthesis of a mitochondrial protein, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), is enhanced in the brains of homozygous mutant BiP mice. We performed a two-dimensional gel analysis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PYCR1 was identified as one of the enhanced proteins. We also found that sublethal ER stress caused by tunicamycin treatment induced the synthesis of PYCR1 in murine fibroblasts. PYCR1 has been shown to be related to the aging process. Mutations in the PYCR1 gene cause cutis laxa with progeroid features and mental retardation. These findings suggest a pathophysiological interaction between ER stress and a mitochondrial function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Komita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Pain Center, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara City, Chiba, 299-0111, Japan.
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23
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Rozas P, Bargsted L, Martínez F, Hetz C, Medinas DB. The ER proteostasis network in ALS: Determining the differential motoneuron vulnerability. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Woehlbier U, Colombo A, Saaranen MJ, Pérez V, Ojeda J, Bustos FJ, Andreu CI, Torres M, Valenzuela V, Medinas DB, Rozas P, Vidal RL, Lopez-Gonzalez R, Salameh J, Fernandez-Collemann S, Muñoz N, Matus S, Armisen R, Sagredo A, Palma K, Irrazabal T, Almeida S, Gonzalez-Perez P, Campero M, Gao FB, Henny P, van Zundert B, Ruddock LW, Concha ML, Henriquez JP, Brown RH, Hetz C. ALS-linked protein disulfide isomerase variants cause motor dysfunction. EMBO J 2016; 35:845-65. [PMID: 26869642 PMCID: PMC4972141 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is a common feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) areERfoldases identified as possibleALSbiomarkers, as well as neuroprotective factors. However, no functional studies have addressed their impact on the disease process. Here, we functionally characterized fourALS-linked mutations recently identified in two majorPDIgenes,PDIA1 andPDIA3/ERp57. Phenotypic screening in zebrafish revealed that the expression of thesePDIvariants induce motor defects associated with a disruption of motoneuron connectivity. Similarly, the expression of mutantPDIs impaired dendritic outgrowth in motoneuron cell culture models. Cellular and biochemical studies identified distinct molecular defects underlying the pathogenicity of thesePDImutants. Finally, targetingERp57 in the nervous system led to severe motor dysfunction in mice associated with a loss of neuromuscular synapses. This study identifiesERproteostasis imbalance as a risk factor forALS, driving initial stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Woehlbier
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Clínico, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mirva J Saaranen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Viviana Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Millennium Nucleus of Regenerative Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Ojeda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Millennium Nucleus of Regenerative Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernando J Bustos
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine I Andreu
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Rozas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene L Vidal
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, CENPAR, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Johnny Salameh
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Natalia Muñoz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, CENPAR, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Matus
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, CENPAR, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisen
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Sagredo
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Palma
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thergiory Irrazabal
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paloma Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mario Campero
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Henny
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miguel L Concha
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Henriquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Millennium Nucleus of Regenerative Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Functional Role of the Disulfide Isomerase ERp57 in Axonal Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136620. [PMID: 26361352 PMCID: PMC4567344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp57 (also known as grp58 and PDIA3) is a protein disulfide isomerase that catalyzes disulfide bonds formation of glycoproteins as part of the calnexin and calreticulin cycle. ERp57 is markedly upregulated in most common neurodegenerative diseases downstream of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Despite accumulating correlative evidence supporting a neuroprotective role of ERp57, the contribution of this foldase to the physiology of the nervous system remains unknown. Here we developed a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses ERp57 in the nervous system under the control of the prion promoter. We analyzed the susceptibility of ERp57 transgenic mice to undergo neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, ERp57 overexpression did not affect dopaminergic neuron loss and striatal denervation after injection of a Parkinson’s disease-inducing neurotoxin. In sharp contrast, ERp57 transgenic animals presented enhanced locomotor recovery after mechanical injury to the sciatic nerve. These protective effects were associated with enhanced myelin removal, macrophage infiltration and axonal regeneration. Our results suggest that ERp57 specifically contributes to peripheral nerve regeneration, whereas its activity is dispensable for the survival of a specific neuronal population of the central nervous system. These results demonstrate for the first time a functional role of a component of the ER proteostasis network in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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26
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Zhu G, Lee AS. Role of the unfolded protein response, GRP78 and GRP94 in organ homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1413-20. [PMID: 25546813 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle where secretory and membrane proteins, as well as lipids, are synthesized and modified. When cells are subjected to ER stress, an adaptive mechanism referred to as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is triggered to allow the cells to restore homeostasis. Evidence has accumulated that the UPR pathways provide specialized and unique roles in diverse development and metabolic processes. The glucose regulated proteins (GRPs) are traditionally regarded as ER proteins with chaperone and calcium binding properties. The GRPs are constitutively expressed at basal levels in all organs, and as stress-inducible ER chaperones, they are major players in protein folding, assembly and degradation. This conventional concept is augmented by recent discoveries that GRPs can be actively translocated to other cellular locations such as the cell surface, where they assume novel functions that regulate signaling, proliferation, apoptosis and immunity. Recent construction and characterization of mouse models where the gene encoding for the UPR components and the GRPs is genetically altered provide new insights on the physiological contribution of these proteins in vivo. This review highlights recent progress towards the understanding of the role of the UPR and two major GRPs (GRP78 and GRP94) in regulating homeostasis of organs arising from the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. GRP78 and GRP94 exhibit shared and unique functions, and in specific organs their depletion elicits adaptive responses with physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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