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Gallo A, Roman T, Paolini M, Tonidandel L, Leonardelli A, Celotti E, Nardin T, Natolino A, Cappello N, Larcher R. Influence of flash heating and aspergillopepsin I supplementation on must and wine attributes of aromatic varieties. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114332. [PMID: 38729715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The protein instability with haze formation represents one of the main faults occurring in white and rosé wines. Among the various solutions industrially proposed, aspergillopepsin I (AP-I) supplementation coupled with must heating (60-75 °C) has been recently approved by OIV and the European Commission for ensuring protein stability of wines. This study investigates the impact of AP-I either applied independently or in combination with flash pasteurization on the chemical composition of grape must and wines derived from Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer. The efficacy on protein stability of a complete treatment combining heat (70 °C) and AP-I (HP) was confirmed through heat test and bentonite requirement, although no differences were observed between must heating and HP treatments. However, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of unstable pathogenesis-related proteins revealed that AP-I supplementation reduced chitinases and thaumatin-like proteins compared to the non-enzymed samples, with and without must heating. Amino acid increase was reported only in HP musts, particularly in Sauvignon Blanc. The concentration of yeast-derived aroma compounds in Gewürztraminer wines was increased by must heating; compared to controls, flash pasteurization rose the overall acetate esters content of 85 % and HP of 43 %, mostly due to isoamyl acetate. However, heat treatments -with or without AP-I- reduced terpenes up to 68 %. Despite the different aroma profiles, no differences were observed for any descriptor for both varieties in wine tasting, and only a slight decrease trend was observed for the floral intensity and the typicality descriptors in heated wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Gallo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Tomas Roman
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Mauro Paolini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Loris Tonidandel
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardelli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Emilio Celotti
- Università degli Studi di Udine-Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Via delle Scienze 206, Udine, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Natolino
- Università degli Studi di Udine-Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Via delle Scienze 206, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Cappello
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Fondazione Edmund Mach-Technology Transfer Center, via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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2
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Cetó X, McRae JM, Mierczynska-Vasilev A, Voelcker NH, Prieto-Simón B. Towards the rapid detection of haze-forming proteins. Talanta 2024; 268:125305. [PMID: 37857104 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein haze in white wine can be a serious quality defect because consumers perceive hazy wines as "spoiled". Unfortunately, a specific method for the detection, or selective treatment, of such proteins in affected wines does not exist. Herein we investigate on the development of an easy-to-use sensor device that allows detection of haze-forming proteins (HFPs). Such a device is expected to overcome the limitations of the "heat test" currently used to assess the protein content in wine and the amount of bentonite needed to remove such proteins. To this aim, three different approaches were explored. Firstly, an impedimetric immunosensor against chitinases was developed and its performance assessed. Secondly, the exploitation of the dual role of HFPs as biorecognition element and analyte to develop an impedimetric biosensor was evaluated, in what can be considered a very unique strategy, representing a new paradigm in biosensing. Lastly, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were collected for various wine samples and chemometric tools such as discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to achieve the quantification of HFPs. Detection of HFPs at the μg/L level was achieved with both impedimetric biosensors, whereas the FT-IR-based approach allowed their quantification at the mg/L level in wine samples directly. The sensitivity of the developed methods may enable the rapid assessment of wine protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cetó
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jacqui M McRae
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simón
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Liu Z, Xu L, Wang J, Duan C, Sun Y, Kong Q, He F. Research progress of protein haze in white wines. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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4
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Recombinant Thaumatin-Like Protein (rTLP) and Chitinase (rCHI) from Vitis vinifera as Models for Wine Haze Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196409. [PMID: 36234944 PMCID: PMC9573663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking net aggregates of thermolabile thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and chitinases (CHIs) are the primary source of haze in white wines. Although bentonite fining is still routinely used in winemaking, alternative methods to selectively remove haze proteins without affecting wine organoleptic properties are needed. The availability of pure TLPs and CHIs would facilitate the research for the identification of such technological advances. Therefore, we proposed the usage of recombinant TLP (rTLP) and CHI (rCHI), expressed by Komagataella phaffii, as haze-protein models, since they showed similar characteristics (aggregation potential, melting point, functionality, glycosylation levels and bentonite adsorption) to the native-haze proteins from Vitis vinifera. Hence, rTLP and rCHI can be applied to study haze formation mechanisms on a molecular level and to explore alternative fining methods by screening proteolytic enzymes and ideal adsorptive resins.
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Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of bovine lactoferrin supersaturated complex with iron (III) ions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12695. [PMID: 35882883 PMCID: PMC9325715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the process of Fe3+ binding to bLTF. Moreover, the physicochemical characterization of the respective supersaturated complex was studied. The knowledge should be important for the description of processes that may take place in dairy products fortified with iron. Additionally, the synthesized complex can be utilized as a dietary supplement for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Finally, it was shown that formation of supersaturated iron-protein structures which include LTF often accompanies development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer or Parkinson. Thus, the study can reveal some aspects of its pathogenesis process. The methodology of the investigation comprised the utilization of batch sorption study and applying Freundlich and Langmuir models. The complex also was characterized by numerous techniques: spectrometric (ICP-MS), spectroscopic (UV–Vis, ATR-FTIR), electron microscopy (TEM–EDX), SDS-PAGE. Based on obtained results the potential mechanisms of iron interaction with protein were described. Moreover, the molecular docking was applied to visualize possible metal binding sites. The respective complex contains ≈ 33.0 mg/g of iron which is nearly 50 Fe3+ per one protein molecule. The cytotoxicity of the obtained complex was evaluated by MTT reduction and LDH release assays on Caco-2 and nL929 cell lines.
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Sui Y, Wollan D, McRae JM, Muhlack R, Capone DL, Godden P, Wilkinson KL. Chemical and Sensory Profiles of Sauvignon Blanc Wine Following Protein Stabilization Using a Combined Ultrafiltration/Heat/Protease Treatment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:799809. [PMID: 35845776 PMCID: PMC9277391 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.799809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) was evaluated as a process by which proteins can be selectively removed from white wine as an alternative approach to protein stabilization than traditional bentonite fining. Unfined Sauvignon Blanc wine (50 L) was fractionated by UF and the retentate stabilized either by heat and/or protease treatment or bentonite fining before being recombined with the permeate. The heat stability of recombined wine was significantly improved when retentate was heated following protease (Aspergillopepsin) addition and subsequently stabilized by bentonite treatment. The combined UF/heat/protease treatment removed 59% of protein and reduced the quantity of bentonite needed to achieve protein stability by 72%, relative to bentonite treatment alone. This innovative approach to protein stabilization had no significant impact on wine quality or sensory characteristics, affording industry greater confidence in adopting this technology as a novel approach to achieving protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Sui
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - David Wollan
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,VAF Memstar, Nuriootpa, SA, Australia
| | - Jacqui M McRae
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Muhlack
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Dimitra L Capone
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Godden
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Kerry L Wilkinson
- Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Rafińska K, Gołębiowski A, Rogowska A, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Sagandykova G, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gloc M, Dobrucka R, Kurzydłowski K, Buszewski B. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Performance of Silver—Lactoferrin Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137112. [PMID: 35806114 PMCID: PMC9266553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose one of the major threats to human health worldwide. The issue is fundamental in the case of chronic wound treatment. One of the latest trends to overcome the problem is the search for new antibacterial agents based on silver. Thus, the aim of this research was to synthesize the silver-lactoferrin complex as a new generation of substances for the treatment of infected wounds. Moreover, one of the tasks was to investigate the formation mechanisms of the respective complexes and the influence of different synthesis conditions on the features of final product. The batch-sorption study was performed by applying the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for the process description. Characterization of the complexes was carried out by spectroscopy, spectrometry, and separation techniques, as well as with electron microscopy. Additionally, the biological properties of the complex were evaluated, i.e., the antibacterial activity against selected bacteria and the impact on L929 cell-line viability. The results indicate the formation of a heterogeneous silver–lactoferrin complex that comprises silver nanoparticles. The complex has higher antibacterial strength than both native bovine lactoferrin and Ag+, while being comparable to silver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Rogowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (B.M.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (B.M.); (P.S.-K.)
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michał Gloc
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Renata Dobrucka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.D.)
- Department of Industrial Products and Packaging Quality, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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8
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Desorption of oxygen from wine and model wine solutions in a bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Boruah JLH, Venkatesh G, Nagarajan S, Senthilkumar D, Bhatia S, Tosh C, Kumar M, Rai R, Tripathi S, Shukla S, Dubey CK, Singh VP. Immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of recombinant H5HA1 protein of clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus expressed in E.coli. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105605. [PMID: 35636692 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in poultry has caused great economic loss to the poultry farmers and industry with significant pandemic threat. The current study involved production of recombinant HA1 protein of clade 2.3.2.1a H5N1 HPAIV (rH5HA1) in E.coli and evaluation of its protective efficacy in chickens. Purification under denaturing conditions and refolding by dialysis against buffers containing decreasing concentrations of urea was found to preserve the biological activity of the expressed recombinant protein as assessed by hemagglutination assay, Western blot and ELISA. The Montanide ISA 71 VGA adjuvanted rH5HA1 protein was used for immunization of chickens. Humoral response was maintained at a minimum of 4log2 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre till 154 days post 2nd booster. We evaluated the protective efficacy of rH5HA1 protein in immunized chickens by challenging them with homologous (2.3.2.1a) and heterologous (2.3.2.1c) clades of H5N1 HPAIV. In both the groups, the HI titre significantly increased (P < 0.05) after challenge and the virus shedding significantly (P < 0.05) reduced between 3rd and 14th day post challenge. The virus shedding ratio in oro-pharyngeal swabs did not differ significantly between both the groups except on 7 days post challenge and during the entire experimental period in cloacal swabs. These results indicate that rH5HA1 was able to induce homologous and cross protective immune response in chickens and could be a potential vaccine candidate used for combating the global spread of H5N1 HPAIV threat. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report immunogenicity and protective efficacy of prokaryotic recombinant H5HA1 protein in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Govindarajulu Venkatesh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India.
| | - Shanmugasundaram Nagarajan
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Dhanapal Senthilkumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Chakradhar Tosh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Rupal Rai
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Sushil Tripathi
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Shweta Shukla
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Dubey
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
| | - Vijendra Pal Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Anand Nagar, Bhopal, MP, 462021, India
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Starmerella bacillaris Strains Used in Sequential Alcoholic Fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Improves Protein Stability in White Wines. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haze can appear in white wines as a result of the denaturation and subsequent aggregation of grape pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Yeast cell-wall polysaccharides, particularly mannoproteins, represent a promising strategy to reduce the incidence of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 13 Starmerella bacillaris strains, in sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on wine protein stability of three white wines (Sauvignon blanc, Pinot grigio, and Manzoni bianco). The resulting wines were characterized in terms of their chemical composition, content of PR proteins and polysaccharides, and heat stability. In addition, the mannoprotein fraction was purified from six wines, five produced with S. bacillaris and one with S. cerevisiae EC1118 used as control. Generally, wines produced with S. bacillaris strains were more heat-stable, despite generally containing higher amounts of PR proteins. The increased heat stability of Starmerella wines was attributed to the stabilizing effect resulting from their higher concentrations of both total polysaccharides and mannoprotein fractions. In particular, for the most heat unstable wine (Manzoni bianco), the low MW mannoprotein fraction resulted to be the most involved in wine stability. The ability to produce wines with different heat stability was demonstrated to be strain-dependent and was more evident in the most unstable wines. By reducing fining waste, the use of S. bacillaris as an enological starter can be proposed as a new tool to manage wine protein stability for a more sustainable winemaking.
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11
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The interactions of wine polysaccharides with aroma compounds, tannins, and proteins, and their importance to winemaking. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Albuquerque W, Seidel L, Zorn H, Will F, Gand M. Haze Formation and the Challenges for Peptidases in Wine Protein Fining. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14402-14414. [PMID: 34823353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To meet consumer expectations, white wines must be clear and stable against haze formation. Temperature variations during transport and storage may induce protein aggregation, mainly caused by thaumatin like-proteins (TLPs) and chitinases (CHIs), which thus need to be fined before bottling of the wine. Currently, bentonite clay is employed to inhibit or minimize haze formation in wines. Alternatively, peptidases have emerged as an option for the removal of these thermolabile proteins, although their efficacy under winemaking conditions has not yet been fully demonstrated. The simultaneous understanding of the chemistry behind the cleavage of haze proteins and the haze formation may orchestrate alternative methods of technological and economic importance in winemaking. Therefore, we provide an overview of wine fining by peptidases, and new perspectives are developed to reopen discussions on the aforementioned challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Albuquerque
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif Seidel
- Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Meier AA, Moon HJ, Toth R, Folta-Stogniew E, Kuczera K, Middaugh CR, Mure M. Oligomeric States and Hydrodynamic Properties of Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121846. [PMID: 34944490 PMCID: PMC8699698 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target against metastatic/invasive tumors and organ and tissue fibrosis. LOXL2 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of lysine and hydroxylysine residues in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to promote crosslinking of these proteins, and thereby plays a major role in ECM remodeling. LOXL2 secretes as 100-kDa full-length protein (fl-LOXL2) and then undergoes proteolytic cleavage of the first two scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains to yield 60-kDa protein (Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2). This processing does not affect the amine oxidase activity of LOXL2 in vitro. However, the physiological importance of this cleavage still remains elusive. In this study, we focused on characterization of biophysical properties of fl- and Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2s (e.g., oligomeric states, molecular weights, and hydrodynamic radii in solution) to gain insight into the structural role of the first two SRCR domains. Our study reveals that fl-LOXL2 exists predominantly as monomer but also dimer to the lesser extent when its concentration is <~1 mM. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) determined by multi-angle light scattering coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS) indicates that fl-LOXL2 is a moderately asymmetric protein. In contrast, Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2 exists solely as monomer and its Rh is in good agreement with the predicted value. The Rh values calculated from a 3D modeled structure of fl-LOXL2 and the crystal structure of the precursor Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2 are within a reasonable margin of error of the values determined by SEC-MALS for fl- and Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2s in mature forms in this study. Based on superimposition of the 3D model and the crystal structure of Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2 (PDB:5ZE3), we propose a configuration of fl-LOXL2 that explains the difference observed in Rh between fl- and Δ1-2SRCR-LOXL2s in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (A.A.M.); (H.-J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Hee-Jung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (A.A.M.); (H.-J.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ronald Toth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (R.T.IV); (C.R.M.)
| | - Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Krzysztof Kuczera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (A.A.M.); (H.-J.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - C. Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (R.T.IV); (C.R.M.)
| | - Minae Mure
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (A.A.M.); (H.-J.M.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Faillace GR, Caruso PB, Timmers LFSM, Favero D, Guzman FL, Rechenmacher C, de Oliveira-Busatto LA, de Souza ON, Bredemeier C, Bodanese-Zanettini MH. Molecular Characterisation of Soybean Osmotins and Their Involvement in Drought Stress Response. Front Genet 2021; 12:632685. [PMID: 34249077 PMCID: PMC8267864 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotins are multifunctional proteins belonging to the thaumatin-like family related to plant stress responses. To better understand the functions of soybean osmotins in drought stress response, the current study presents the characterisation of four previously described proteins and a novel putative soybean osmotin (GmOLPa-like). Gene and protein structure as well as gene expression analyses were conducted on different tissues and developmental stages of two soybean cultivars with varying dehydration sensitivities (BR16 and EMB48 are highly and slightly sensitive, respectively). The analysed osmotin sequences share the conserved amino acid signature and 3D structure of the thaumatin-like family. Some differences were observed in the conserved regions of protein sequences and in the electrostatic surface potential. P21-like present the most similar electrostatic potential to osmotins previously characterised as promoters of drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum nigrum. Gene expression analysis indicated that soybean osmotins were differentially expressed in different organs (leaves and roots), developmental stages (R1 and V3), and cultivars in response to dehydration. In addition, under dehydration conditions, the highest level of gene expression was detected for GmOLPa-like and P21-like osmotins in the leaves and roots, respectively, of the less drought sensitive cultivar. Altogether, the results suggest an involvement of these genes in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramos Faillace
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Bacaicoa Caruso
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora Favero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Frank Lino Guzman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ciliana Rechenmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Abruzzi de Oliveira-Busatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Osmar Norberto de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas (LABIO), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian Bredemeier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Biotec Seca-Pragas, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Albuquerque W, Ghezellou P, Li B, Spengler B, Will F, Zorn H, Gand M. Identification of intact peptides by top-down peptidomics reveals cleavage spots in thermolabile wine proteins. Food Chem 2021; 363:130437. [PMID: 34214891 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of haze formation in wines is challenging for winemakers. Thermolabile proteins in wines, notably thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and chitinases (CHIs), undergo structural changes under varying physicochemical conditions, resulting in protein aggregation and visible haze in bottled products. Peptidases are an alternative fining method, although an effective proteolysis under typical winemaking conditions (acidic pH and low temperature) is difficult to achieve. In this study, tryptic peptides from TLPs and CHIs were identified by MS-based peptidomics (top-down proteomics) after exposure of scissile bonds on the protein surface. As proposed by the theory of limited proteolysis, protein conformational changes following temperature and pH variations allowed the detection of enzyme-accessible regions. Protein structure visualization and molecular dynamics simulations were used to highlight cleavage spots and provide the scientific basis for haze formation mechanisms. The described method offers a tool to the search for ideal enzymes to prevent wine haze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Albuquerque
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Binglin Li
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Tai Bai Bei Lu 229, 710000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany.
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16
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Araujo Sousa B, Nascimento Silva O, Farias Porto W, Lima Rocha T, Paulino Silva L, Ferreira Leal AP, Buccini DF, Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye J, de Araujo Caldas R, Franco OL, Grossi-de-Sá MF, de la Fuente Nunez C, Moreno SE. Identification of the Active Principle Conferring Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties in Bamboo Plant. Molecules 2021; 26:3054. [PMID: 34065427 PMCID: PMC8160853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early plants began colonizing earth about 450 million years ago. During the process of coevolution, their metabolic cellular pathways produced a myriad of natural chemicals, many of which remain uncharacterized biologically. Popular preparations containing some of these molecules have been used medicinally for thousands of years. In Brazilian folk medicine, plant extracts from the bamboo plant Guadua paniculata Munro have been used for the treatment of infections and pain. However, the chemical basis of these therapeutic effects has not yet been identified. Here, we performed protein biochemistry and downstream pharmacological assays to determine the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of an aqueous extract of the G. paniculata rhizome, which we termed AqGP. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of AqGP were assessed in mice. We identified and purified a protein (AgGP), with an amino acid sequence similar to that of thaumatins (~20 kDa), capable of repressing inflammation through downregulation of neutrophil recruitment and of decreasing hyperalgesia in mice. In conclusion, we have identified the molecule and the molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of a plant commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Araujo Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70790-160, DF, Brazil; (B.A.S.); (W.F.P.); (O.L.F.); (M.F.G.-d.-S.)
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
- Centro Universitário de Anápolis, Unievangélica, Anápolis CEP 75083-515, GO, Brazil;
| | - William Farias Porto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70790-160, DF, Brazil; (B.A.S.); (W.F.P.); (O.L.F.); (M.F.G.-d.-S.)
- Porto Reports, Brasília CEP 72236-011, DF, Brazil
| | - Thales Lima Rocha
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.L.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.L.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira Leal
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
| | - Danieli Fernanda Buccini
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
| | - James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
- Centro Universitário de Anápolis, Unievangélica, Anápolis CEP 75083-515, GO, Brazil;
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Tóxico-Farmacológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-220, GO, Brazil
| | - Ruy de Araujo Caldas
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70790-160, DF, Brazil; (B.A.S.); (W.F.P.); (O.L.F.); (M.F.G.-d.-S.)
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
- Departamento de Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70790-160, DF, Brazil; (B.A.S.); (W.F.P.); (O.L.F.); (M.F.G.-d.-S.)
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.L.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Cesar de la Fuente Nunez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Department of Biological Engineering, The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susana Elisa Moreno
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (O.N.S.); (A.P.F.L.); (D.F.B.); (R.d.A.C.)
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17
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Characterization of recombinant GRIP32 as a novel haze protein for protein-polyphenol haze models and prevention of haze formation with polysaccharides in the models. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Vernhet A, Meistermann E, Cottereau P, Charrier F, Chemardin P, Poncet-Legrand C. Wine Thermosensitive Proteins Adsorb First and Better on Bentonite during Fining: Practical Implications and Proposition of Alternative Heat Tests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13450-13458. [PMID: 32142274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bentonite fining is the most popular treatment used to remove proteins in white and rosé wines. The usual heat test used to adjust the bentonite dose consists of heating the wine during 30 min at 80 °C. At this temperature, all of the proteins are unfolded, and this can lead to an overestimation of the dose. We have shown that proteins adsorb on bentonite in a specific order and, more importantly, that the proteins responsible for haze formation adsorb first. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that this is due to the structural properties of proteins, which can be classified as hard and soft proteins. Alternative heat tests were performed at a lower temperature (40 °C) and showed a better correlation with accelerated aging. These tests were also less dependent upon the wine pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Vernhet
- Sciences pour l'Œnologie (SPO), Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Meistermann
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, 30240 Le Grau-du-Roi, France
| | | | - Frederic Charrier
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, 30240 Le Grau-du-Roi, France
| | - Patrick Chemardin
- Sciences pour l'Œnologie (SPO), Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Poncet-Legrand
- Sciences pour l'Œnologie (SPO), Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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19
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A comprehensive study on the effect of bentonite fining on wine charged model molecules. Food Chem 2020; 338:127840. [PMID: 32822903 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In bottled wines, haze and turbidity are phenomena to be avoided. Since bentonite fining is a common process to clarify wines removing heat unstable proteins, a theoretical study on the adsorption of three Charged Model Molecules (CMMs, egg albumin, polyphenols and riboflavin) was carried out to deep comprehend this chemical phenomenon. Four bentonites were adopted and finely characterized together with the potential release of Na+ and Ca2+ cations, revealing suitable for RT albumin removal within 120 min. Better results in terms of adsorbed quantity were achieved by adopting 12%v/v EtOH/H2O solvent and by swelling bentonites for 24 h before use. With the most performing sample (Na/Ca_0.27), a comprehensive study on simultaneous adsorption of the three CMMs was performed, resulting in polyphenols adsorption increase due to their interactions with albumin. Notwithstanding the majority of albumin and riboflavin was successfully removed, ca. 40-50% of tested polyphenols was preserved.
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20
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Perutka Z, Šebela M. Mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins using digestion by a grape cysteine protease at pH 3. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4444. [PMID: 31603573 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine protease from grapevine (Vitis vinifera) belongs to those resistant proteins, which survive the process of vinification and can therefore be detected as wine components. Its amino acid sequence shows a homology to other members of the papain family, but the enzyme has only partially been explored so far. In order to get more biochemical information with the help of mass spectrometry (MS), wine proteins were collected by ultrafiltration and separated by gel permeation chromatography. The purified enzyme surprisingly displayed a high molecular mass value of around 200 kDa, indicating a possible oligomeric status and aggregation, as it entered only negligibly the separating 10% gel during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point (pI) value of 3.6 was determined by chromatofocusing. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS was employed to evaluate the cleavage specificity and usefulness of the isolated cysteine protease in protein and peptide research. A potential applicability could be anticipated from the efficient digestion performance in volatile ammonium formate buffers at pH 3. Common peptides were digested and the resulting products analyzed by MS/MS sequencing. Then, mixtures of protein standards and extracted barley nuclear proteins were processed in the same way. Grape cysteine protease is nonspecific but shows a certain preference for Arg, Lys, and also Leu residues. Compared with papain, it seems not to require fully the presence of a large hydrophobic residue adjacent to that at the cleavage site. The enzyme is suitable for protein research as it produces peptides of a reasonable length in acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Perutka
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
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21
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Watrelot AA, Norton EL. Chemistry and Reactivity of Tannins in Vitis spp.: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092110. [PMID: 32365968 PMCID: PMC7248762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a group of polyphenols found in fruits, leaves, trees, etc., well known in the leather industry and in apples, persimmons and grapes, because of their capacity to interact with other polyphenols or other components either from the food product or from saliva. Prior to being able to interact with other compounds, tannins have to be extracted from the food matrix, which depends on their chemistry, as well as the chemical structure of other components, such as cell wall material and proteins. Vitis vinifera grapes are commonly grown around the world and are used in winemaking, providing good quality wines with different levels of tannins responsible for the final wine’s astringency. Many studies have focused on tannins extractability and retention with cell wall material, and the reactivity of tannins with proteins in Vitis vinifera grapes and wine, but there are very few reports for other Vitis species. However, depending on the environmental characteristics of certain regions, Vitis hybrid grapes are grown and used to produce wines more and more. This review focuses on the comparison of the chemistry of tannins, and their reactivity with other macromolecules in Vitis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude A. Watrelot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-0343
| | - Erin L. Norton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA
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22
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Di Gaspero M, Ruzza P, Hussain R, Honisch C, Biondi B, Siligardi G, Marangon M, Curioni A, Vincenzi S. The Secondary Structure of a Major Wine Protein is Modified upon Interaction with Polyphenols. Molecules 2020; 25:E1646. [PMID: 32260104 PMCID: PMC7180857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important constituent of wines and they are largely studied due to their antioxidant properties and for their effects on wine quality and stability, which is also related to their capacity to bind to proteins. The effects of some selected polyphenols, including procyanidins B1 and B2, tannic acid, quercetin, and rutin, as well as those of a total white wine procyanidin extract on the conformational properties of the major wine protein VVTL1 (Vitis vinifera Thaumatin-Like-1) were investigated by Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD). Results showed that VVTL1 interacts with polyphenols as demonstrated by the changes in the secondary (far-UV) and tertiary (near-UV) structures, which were differently affected by different polyphenols. Additionally, polyphenols modified the two melting temperatures (TM) that were found for VVTL1 (32.2 °C and 53.9 °C for the protein alone). The circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the near-UV region revealed an involvement of the aromatic side-chains of the protein in the interaction with phenolics. The data demonstrate the existence of an interaction between polyphenols and VVTL1, which results in modification of its thermal and UV denaturation pattern. This information can be useful in understanding the behavior of wine proteins in presence of polyphenols, thus giving new insights on the phenomena that are involved in wine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Gaspero
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.R.); (C.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK; (R.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.R.); (C.H.); (B.B.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy; (P.R.); (C.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK; (R.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (A.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Andrea Curioni
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (A.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (A.C.); (S.V.)
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23
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White Wine Protein Instability: Mechanism, Quality Control and Technological Alternatives for Wine Stabilisation—An Overview. BEVERAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages6010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Wine protein instability depends on several factors, but wine grape proteins are the main haze factors, being mainly caused by pathogenesis-related proteins (thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases) with a molecular weight between 10~40 kDa and an isoelectric point below six. Wine protein stability tests are needed for the routine control of this wine instability, and to select the best technological approach to remove the unstable proteins. The heat test is the most used, with good correlation with the natural proteins’ precipitations and because high temperatures are the main protein instability factor after wine bottling. Many products and technological solutions have been studied in recent years; however, sodium bentonite is still the most efficient and used treatment to remove unstable proteins from white wines. This overview resumes and discusses the different aspects involved in wine protein instability, from the wine protein instability mechanisms, the protein stability tests used, and technological alternatives available to stabilise wines with protein instability problems.
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Mierczynska-Vasilev A, Qi G, Smith P, Bindon K, Vasilev K. Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles Used in the Removal of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins from White Wines. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010001. [PMID: 31861250 PMCID: PMC7022247 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein haze remains a serious problem for the wine industry and requires costly bentonite treatment, leading to significant wine volume loss. Recently developed magnetic separation technology that allows a fast and efficient separation of haze proteins from wine shows promise for the development of an alternative method for white wine fining. The key purpose of this study was to understand the potential of the nanoparticles to be reused in multiple fining and regeneration cycles. Bare and acrylic-acid-based plasma polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles were cleaned with water, 10% SDS/water and acetone/water solution after each adsorption cycle to investigate their restored efficiency in removing pathogenesis-related proteins from three unfined white wines. The concentrations of metals, acids and phenolics were monitored to determine changes in the concentration of these essential wine constituents. The regeneration study verified that the acrylic acid plasma-coated magnetic nanoparticles, which underwent ten successive adsorption-desorption processes, still retained close to the original removal capacity for haze proteins from wines when 10% SDS solution and water were used for surface regeneration. In addition, the concentrations of organic acids and wine phenolic content remained almost unchanged, which are important indicators for the retention of the original wine composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mierczynska-Vasilev
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove Cnr Paratoo Road, PO Box 197, Urrbrae (Adelaide) SA 5064, Australia; (G.Q.); (P.S.); (K.B.)
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0883-136-640
| | - Geridi Qi
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove Cnr Paratoo Road, PO Box 197, Urrbrae (Adelaide) SA 5064, Australia; (G.Q.); (P.S.); (K.B.)
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Paul Smith
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove Cnr Paratoo Road, PO Box 197, Urrbrae (Adelaide) SA 5064, Australia; (G.Q.); (P.S.); (K.B.)
- Wine Australia, Industry House, National Wine Centre, Cnr Botanic & Hackney Roads, PO Box 2733, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Keren Bindon
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Precinct, Hartley Grove Cnr Paratoo Road, PO Box 197, Urrbrae (Adelaide) SA 5064, Australia; (G.Q.); (P.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia;
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
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Ruzza P, Honisch C, Marangon M, Curioni A, Bakalinsky A, Vincenzi S. Influence of the reducing environment in the misfolding of wine proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 118:413-436. [PMID: 31928733 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While proteins are present in wine at low concentration, and are largely associated with undesirable haze formation in white wines, certain types or fractions make direct and indirect contributions to sensory quality and physical stability. The proteins found in wine represent a small subclass of the total pool of grape proteins that remain soluble in the non-physiological conditions of the wine matrix which is characterised by the presence of alcohol, high acidity, and relatively high levels of phenolic compounds. Although initially stable in these conditions, during storage of white and rosé wines proteins undergo changes leading to haze formation which is considered one of the most relevant non-microbiological defects, and which makes the wine commercially unacceptable. This phenomenon involves the two most abundant proteins present in wines: thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases, both belonging to pathogenesis-related proteins of the grape berry. Haze formation is often triggered by thermal fluctuations occurring during storage of white wines, although the presence of other non-protein-related factors seems to be necessary. Here, we review the characteristics of these two protein families and the factors that influence their solubility with a focus on the disulfide bonds reduction as a possible trigger for the onset of their aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, Padova, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy; Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Andrea Curioni
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy; Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Alan Bakalinsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy; Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano (TV), Italy
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Perutka Z, Šufeisl M, Strnad M, Šebela M. High-proline proteins in experimental hazy white wine produced from partially botrytized grapes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:398-411. [PMID: 30715757 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Undesirable effects of the pathogen Botrytis cinerea include reduced quality and quantity of wine grapes. Winemaking is also complicated by the formation of a protein haze in white wines and oxidative browning of red wines. We analyzed proteins in experimental Moravian white wines characterized by their instability and haze formation in bottles during storage despite prior bentonite treatment. To study the relationship of wine proteins and haze, we carried out proteomics on hazy and clear white wines produced with partly or largely botrytized grapes and standard reference wines. Wine proteins were identified after their extraction, electrophoresis, and tryptic digestion by reversed-phase liquid chromatography of peptides, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Plant defense proteins, yeast glycoproteins, and various enzymes from Botrytis, particularly hydrolases, were found. As the content of the known haze-active thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases was visually low on stained gels (missing bands) compared to previous studies with unfined wines, other proteins are discussed in terms of the haze formation. As the main novelty, this work reveals the role of high proline-containing proteins in the propensity of white wines to turbidity following prior Botrytis damage of grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Perutka
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wang J, Vanga SK, McCusker C, Raghavan V. A Comprehensive Review on Kiwifruit Allergy: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management, and Potential Modification of Allergens Through Processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:500-513. [PMID: 33336949 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is rich in bioactive components including dietary fibers, carbohydrates, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. These components are beneficial to boost the human immune system and prevent cancer and heart diseases. However, kiwifruit is emerging as one of the most common elicitors of food allergies worldwide. Kiwifruit allergy results from an abnormal immune response to kiwifruit proteins and occur after consuming this fruit. Symptoms range from the oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to the life-threatening anaphylaxis. Thirteen different allergens have been identified in green kiwifruit and, among these allergens, Act d 1, Act d 2, Act d 8, Act d 11, and Act d 12 are defined as the "major allergens." Act d 1 and Act d 2 are ripening-related allergens and are found in abundance in fully ripe kiwifruit. Structures of several kiwifruit allergens may be altered under high temperatures or strong acidic conditions. This review discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy and evaluates food processing methods including thermal, ultrasound, and chemical processing which may be used to reduce the allergenicity of kiwifruit. Management and medical treatments for kiwifruit allergy are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sai Kranthi Vanga
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine McCusker
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Inst. of the McGill Univ. Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Dept. of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill Univ., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Colangelo D, Torchio F, De Faveri DM, Lambri M. The use of chitosan as alternative to bentonite for wine fining: Effects on heat-stability, proteins, organic acids, colour, and volatile compounds in an aromatic white wine. Food Chem 2018; 264:301-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chagas R, Laia CA, Ferreira RB, Ferreira LM. Sulfur dioxide induced aggregation of wine thaumatin-like proteins: Role of disulfide bonds. Food Chem 2018; 259:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhang J, Wang F, Liang F, Zhang Y, Ma L, Wang H, Liu D. Functional analysis of a pathogenesis-related thaumatin-like protein gene TaLr35PR5 from wheat induced by leaf rust fungus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:76. [PMID: 29728059 PMCID: PMC5935958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have evolved multifaceted defence mechanisms to resist pathogen infection. Production of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in response to pathogen attack has been implicated in plant disease resistance specialized in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR). Our earlier studies have reported that a full length TaLr35PR5 gene, encoding a protein exhibiting amino acid and structural similarity to a sweet protein thaumatin, was isolated from wheat near-isogenic line TcLr35. The present study aims to understand the function of TaLr35PR5 gene in Lr35-mediated adult resistance to Puccinia triticina. RESULTS We determined that the TaLr35PR5 protein contained a functional secretion peptide by utilizing the yeast signal sequence trap system. Using a heterologous expression assay on onion epidermal cells we found that TaLr35PR5 protein was secreted into the apoplast of onion cell. Expression of TaLr35PR5 was significantly reduced in BSMV-induced gene silenced wheat plants, and pathology test on these silenced plants revealed that Lr35-mediated resistance phenotype was obviously altered, indicating that Lr35-mediated resistance was compromised. CONCLUSIONS All these findings strongly suggest that TaLr35PR5 is involved in Lr35-mediated adult wheat defense in response to leaf rust attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, ACT, Acton, 2601, Australia.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Daqun Liu
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Theron LW, Bely M, Divol B. Monitoring the impact of an aspartic protease (MpAPr1) on grape proteins and wine properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5173-5183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kemp B, Condé B, Jégou S, Howell K, Vasserot Y, Marchal R. Chemical compounds and mechanisms involved in the formation and stabilization of foam in sparkling wines. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2072-2094. [PMID: 29420057 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1437535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The visual properties of sparkling wine including foam and bubbles are an indicator of sparkling wine quality. Foam properties, particularly foam height (FH) and foam stability (TS), are significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the wine. This review investigates our current knowledge of specific chemical compounds and, the mechanisms by which they influence the foam properties of sparkling wines. Grape and yeast proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, ethanol and sugar are examined with respect to their contribution to foam characteristics in sparkling wines made with the Traditional, Transfer, and Charmat and carbonation methods. Contradictory results have been identified that appear to be due to the analytical methods used to measure and quantify compounds and foam. Biopolymer complexes are discussed and absent knowledge with regards to thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), polysaccharides, amino acids, oak-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids are identified. Future research is also likely to concentrate on visual analysis of sparkling wines by in-depth imaging analysis and specific sensory analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kemp
- a Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University , Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines , Ontario , Canada.,b Adjunct Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Science , Brock University , Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruna Condé
- c Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sandrine Jégou
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
| | - Kate Howell
- c Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Yann Vasserot
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
| | - Richard Marchal
- d Laboratoire d'Oenologie de Chimie Appliquée , Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne (URVVC)-EA 4707 , Moulin de la Housse, Reims Cédex, France
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Žiarovská J, Zeleňáková L, Kačániová M, Cusimamani EF. A thaumatin-like genomic sequence identification in Vitis vinifera l., stormy wines and musts based on direct pcr. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct polymerase chain reaction method was use to amplify a thaumatin-like sequence of Vitis vinifera L. in grapes as well as in stormy wines and musts. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) of Vitis vinifera possess beside its function in abiotic and biotic stress response another one - they are able to cause protein haze in wine unless removed prior to bottling. Direct PCR is an approach where omission of DNA extraction is typical prior the amplification of the target site of plant genome. Crude extract or small pieces of plant tissues are used in the analysis directly without steps of extraction and purification of gDNA. The biological material that was used in analysis was collected during August - October 2017 in local stores and winery Sabo and comprises from cultivars Iršai, Muškát, Savignon Blanc, Svätovavrinecké, Dornfelder and Pálava. Direct PCR was performed by a cutted piece of grape tissue and a dilution buffer was use in 1:2 for stormy wine or must, respectively. Direct amplification of thaumatin-like protein sequence of Vitis vinifera was performed along with the control reactions with the primers for conserved region of plant chloroplast. Possitive amplification of thaumatin-like allergen sequence resulted in 570 bp amplicon. The most abundant amplicons were amplified in stormy wines, followed by musts and the amplicons from grapes were weaker when comparing them to others. The amplicon specificity checking of obtained PCR product of thaumatin-like allergen was performed by restriction cleavage by Psi I and resulted in restriction amplicons of the 80 bp, 81 bp, 94 bp and 315 bp in length. Confirmation of the amplicon specificity by restriction cleavage support the potential of direct PCR to become a reproducible method that will be fully applicable in routine analysis of not only plant genomes in the future, but it was demonstrated, that it works in liquids, too.
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Extraction of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Phenolics in Sauvignon Blanc as Affected by Grape Harvesting and Processing Conditions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071164. [PMID: 28704961 PMCID: PMC6152371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and chitinases are the two main groups of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins found in wine that cause protein haze formation. Previous studies have found that phenolics are also involved in protein haze formation. In this study, Sauvignon Blanc grapes were harvested and processed in two vintages (2011 and 2012) by three different treatments: (1) hand harvesting with whole bunch press (H-WB); (2) hand harvesting with destem/crush and 3 h skin contact (H-DC-3); and (3) machine harvesting with destem/crush and 3 h skin contact (M-DC-3). The juices were collected at three pressure levels (0.4 MPa, 0.8 MPa and 1.6 MPa), some juices were fermented in 750 mL of wine bottles to determine the bentonite requirement for the resulting wines. Results showed juices of M-DC-3 had significantly lower concentration of proteins, including PR proteins, compared to those of H-DC-3, likely due to the greater juice yield of M-DC-3 and interactions between proteins and phenolics. Juices from the 0.8–1.6 MPa pressure and resultant wines had the highest concentration of phenolics but the lowest concentration of TLPs. This supported the view that TLPs are released at low pressure as they are mainly present in grape pulp but additional extraction of phenolics largely present in skin occurs at higher pressing pressure. Wine protein stability tests showed a positive linear correlation between bentonite requirement and the concentration of chitinases, indicating the possibility of predicting bentonite requirement by quantification of chitinases. This study contributes to an improved understanding of extraction of haze-forming PR proteins and phenolics that can influence bentonite requirement for protein stabilization.
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Jaeckels N, Tenzer S, Meier M, Will F, Dietrich H, Decker H, Fronk P. Influence of bentonite fining on protein composition in wine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Spectroscopy reveals that ethyl esters interact with proteins in wine. Food Chem 2016; 217:373-378. [PMID: 27664648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of wine aroma after vinification is frequently associated to bentonite treatments and this can be the result of protein removal, as recently demonstrated for ethyl esters. To evaluate the existence of an interaction between wine proteins and ethyl esters, the effects induced by these fermentative aroma compounds on the secondary structure and stability of VVTL1, a Thaumatin-like protein purified from wine, was analyzed by Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy. The secondary structure of wine VVTL1 was not strongly affected by the presence of selected ethyl esters. In contrast, VVTL1 stability was slightly increased by the addition of ethyl-octanoate, -decanoate and -dodecanoate, but decreased by ethyl-hexanoate. This indicates the existence of an interaction between VVTL1 and at least some aroma compounds produced during fermentation. The data suggest that proteins removal from wine by bentonite can result in indirect removal of at least some aroma compounds associated with them.
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A thaumatin-like protein of Ocimum basilicum confers tolerance to fungal pathogen and abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25340. [PMID: 27150014 PMCID: PMC4858651 DOI: 10.1038/srep25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant often responds to fungal pathogens by expressing a group of proteins known as pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The expression of PR is mediated through pathogen-induced signal-transduction pathways that are fine-tuned by phytohormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Here, we report functional characterization of an Ocimum basilicum PR5 family member (ObTLP1) that was identified from a MeJA-responsive expression sequence tag collection. ObTLP1 encodes a 226 amino acid polypeptide that showed sequence and structural similarities with a sweet-tasting protein thaumatin of Thaumatococcus danielli and also with a stress-responsive protein osmotin of Nicotiana tabacum. The expression of ObTLP1 in O. basilicum was found to be organ-preferential under unstressed condition, and responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses, and multiple phytohormone elicitations. Bacterially-expressed recombinant ObTLP1 inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi, Scleretonia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea; thereby, suggesting its antifungal activity. Ectopic expression of ObTLP1 in Arabidopsis led to enhanced tolerance to S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea infections, and also to dehydration and salt stress. Moreover, induced expression of the defense marker genes suggested up-regulation of the defense-response pathways in ObTLP1-expressing Arabidopsis upon fungal challenge. Thus, ObTLP1 might be useful for providing tolerance to the fungal pathogens and abiotic stresses in crops.
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Liu C, Cheng F, Sun Y, Ma H, Yang X. Structure-Function Relationship of a Novel PR-5 Protein with Antimicrobial Activity from Soy Hulls. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:948-59. [PMID: 26753535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An alkaline isoform of the PR-5 protein (designated GmOLPc) has been purified from soybean hulls and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. GmOLPc effectively inhibited in vitro the growth of Phytophthora soja spore and Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea. The antimicrobial activity of GmOLPc should be mainly ascribed to its high binding affinity with vesicles composed of DPPG, (1,3)-β-D-glucans, and weak endo-(1,3)-β-D-glucanase activity. From the 3D models, predicted by the homology modeling, GmOLPc contains an extended negatively charged cleft. The cleft was proved to be a prerequisite for endo-(1,3)-β-D-glucanase activity. Molecular docking revealed that the positioning of linear (1,3)-β-D-glucans in the cleft of GmOLPc allowed an interaction with Glu83 and Asp101 that were responsible for the hydrolytic cleavage of glucans. Interactions of GmOLPc with model membranes indicated that GmOLPc possesses good surface activity which could contribute to its antimicrobial activity, as proved by the behavior of perturbing the integrity of membranes through surface hydrophobic amino acid residues (Phe89 and Phe94).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Cheng
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingen Sun
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins, Department of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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The challenging SO2-mediated chemical build-up of protein aggregates in wines. Food Chem 2016; 192:460-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ramos MV, de Oliveira RSB, Pereira HM, Moreno FBMB, Lobo MDP, Rebelo LM, Brandão-Neto J, de Sousa JS, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Freitas CDT, Grangeiro TB. Crystal structure of an antifungal osmotin-like protein from Calotropis procera and its effects on Fusarium solani spores, as revealed by atomic force microscopy: Insights into the mechanism of action. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 119:5-18. [PMID: 26456062 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CpOsm is an antifungal osmotin/thaumatin-like protein purified from the latex of Calotropis procera. The protein is relatively thermostable and retains its antifungal activity over a wide pH range; therefore, it may be useful in the development of new antifungal drugs or transgenic crops with enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. To gain further insight into the mechanism of action of CpOsm, its three-dimensional structure was determined, and the effects of the protein on Fusarium solani spores were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The atomic structure of CpOsm was solved at a resolution of 1.61Å, and it contained 205 amino acid residues and 192 water molecules, with a final R-factor of 18.12% and an Rfree of 21.59%. The CpOsm structure belongs to the thaumatin superfamily fold and is characterized by three domains stabilized by eight disulfide bonds and a prominent charged cleft, which runs the length of the front side of the molecule. Similarly to other antifungal thaumatin-like proteins, the cleft of CpOsm is predominantly acidic. AFM images of F. solani spores treated with CpOsm resulted in striking morphological changes being induced by the protein. Spores treated with CpOsm were wrinkled, and the volume of these cells was reduced by approximately 80%. Treated cells were covered by a shell of CpOsm molecules, and the leakage of cytoplasmic content from these cells was also observed. Based on the structural features of CpOsm and the effects that the protein produces on F. solani spores, a possible mechanism of action is suggested and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raquel S B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Humberto M Pereira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marina D P Lobo
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Rebelo
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanlex S de Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Cléverson D T Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thalles Barbosa Grangeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Tian B, Harrison R, Morton J, Deb-Choudhury S. Proteomic Analysis of Sauvignon Blanc Grape Skin, Pulp and Seed and Relative Quantification of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130132. [PMID: 26076362 PMCID: PMC4468203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) and chitinases are the main constituents of so-called protein hazes which can form in finished white wine and which is a great concern of winemakers. These soluble pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are extracted from grape berries. However, their distribution in different grape tissues is not well documented. In this study, proteins were first separately extracted from the skin, pulp and seed of Sauvignon Blanc grapes, followed by trypsin digestion and analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Proteins identified included 75 proteins from Sauvignon Blanc grape skin, 63 from grape pulp and 35 from grape seed, mostly functionally classified as associated with metabolism and energy. Some were present exclusively in specific grape tissues; for example, proteins involved in photosynthesis were only detected in grape skin and proteins found in alcoholic fermentation were only detected in grape pulp. Moreover, proteins identified in grape seed were less diverse than those identified in grape skin and pulp. TLPs and chitinases were identified in both Sauvignon Blanc grape skin and pulp, but not in the seed. To relatively quantify the PR proteins, the protein extracts of grape tissues were seperated by HPLC first and then analysed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the protein fractions eluted at 9.3 min and 19.2 min under the chromatographic conditions of this study confirmed that these corresponded to TLPs and chitinases seperately. Thus, the relative quantification of TLPs and chitinases in protein extracts was carried out by comparing the area of corresponding peaks against the area of a thamautin standard. The results presented in this study clearly demonstrated the distribution of haze-forming PR proteins in grape berries, and the relative quantification of TLPs and chitinases could be applied in fast tracking of changes in PR proteins during grape growth and determination of PR proteins in berries at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Roland Harrison
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - James Morton
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Van Sluyter SC, McRae JM, Falconer RJ, Smith PA, Bacic A, Waters EJ, Marangon M. Wine protein haze: mechanisms of formation and advances in prevention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4020-4030. [PMID: 25847216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein haze is an aesthetic problem in white wines that can be prevented by removing the grape proteins that have survived the winemaking process. The haze-forming proteins are grape pathogenesis-related proteins that are highly stable during winemaking, but some of them precipitate over time and with elevated temperatures. Protein removal is currently achieved by bentonite addition, an inefficient process that can lead to higher costs and quality losses in winemaking. The development of more efficient processes for protein removal and haze prevention requires understanding the mechanisms such as the main drivers of protein instability and the impacts of various wine matrix components on haze formation. This review covers recent developments in wine protein instability and removal and proposes a revised mechanism of protein haze formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Van Sluyter
- †The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- §School of BioSciences and the Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- #Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jacqui M McRae
- †The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Robert J Falconer
- ΔDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, England
| | - Paul A Smith
- †The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- §School of BioSciences and the Bio21 Molecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Waters
- †The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- ⊥Australian Grape and Wine Authority, P.O. Box 2733, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matteo Marangon
- †The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O Box 197, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- ΠPlumpton College, Ditchling Road, Nr Lewes, East Sussex BN7 3AE, England
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