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Brown MG, Brady DJ, Healy KM, Henry KA, Ogunsola AS, Ma X. Stem Cells and Acellular Preparations in Bone Regeneration/Fracture Healing: Current Therapies and Future Directions. Cells 2024; 13:1045. [PMID: 38920674 PMCID: PMC11201612 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone/fracture healing is a complex process with different steps and four basic tissue layers being affected: cortical bone, periosteum, fascial tissue surrounding the fracture, and bone marrow. Stem cells and their derivatives, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, skeletal stem cells, and multipotent stem cells, can function to artificially introduce highly regenerative cells into decrepit biological tissues and augment the healing process at the tissue level. Stem cells are molecularly and functionally indistinguishable from standard human tissues. The widespread appeal of stem cell therapy lies in its potential benefits as a therapeutic technology that, if harnessed, can be applied in clinical settings. This review aims to establish the molecular pathophysiology of bone healing and the current stem cell interventions that disrupt or augment the bone healing process and, finally, considers the future direction/therapeutic options related to stem cells and bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel G. Brown
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Davis J. Brady
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Healy
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Henry
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ayobami S. Ogunsola
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xue Ma
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Wolfe PN, Stoker AM, Leary E, Crist BD, Bozynski CC, Cook JL. Evaluation of Serum and Urine Biomarker Panels for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Prior to Onset of Secondary Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2024; 15:164-174. [PMID: 37051936 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231163032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate serum and urine biomarker panels for their capabilities in discriminating between individuals (13- to 34-years-olds) with healthy hips versus those with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prior to diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Urine and serum were collected from individuals (15-33 years old) with DDH, prior to and following diagnosis of hip OA, and from age-matched healthy-hip controls. Samples were analyzed for panels of protein biomarkers with potential for differentiation of hip status using receiver operator characteristic curve (area under curve [AUC]) assessments. RESULTS Multiple urine and serum biomarker panels effectively differentiated individuals with DDH from healthy-hip controls in a population at risk for developing secondary hip OA with the best performing panel demonstrating an AUC of 0.959. The panel comprised of two serum and two urinary biomarkers provided the highest combined values for sensitivity, 0.85, and specificity, 1.00, while a panel of four serum biomarkers provided the highest sensitivity, 0.93, while maintaining adequate specificity, 0.71. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that panels of protein biomarkers measured in urine and serum may be able to differentiate young adults with DDH from young adults with healthy hips. These data suggest the potential for clinical application of a routine diagnostic method for cost-effective and timely screening for DDH in at-risk populations. Further development and validation of these biomarker panels may result in highly sensitive and specific tools for early diagnosis, staging, and prognostication of DDH, as well as treatment decision making and monitoring capabilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston N Wolfe
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily Leary
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brett D Crist
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chantelle C Bozynski
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Sadeghi-Ardebili M, Hasannia S, Dabirmanesh B, Khavari-Nejad RA. Functional characterization of the dimeric form of PDGF-derived fusion peptide fabricated based on theoretical arguments. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1003. [PMID: 38200288 PMCID: PMC10781716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A skin wound leads to the loss of skin integrity and the influx of pathogens into the tissue. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are cytokines released from alpha granules during wound healing and interact with their cell surface receptors and activate signals involved in chemotaxis, growth, proliferation, and differentiation pathways. Due to the low stability of growth factors (GFs), a new peptide-derived PDGF-BB was designed, expressed in the Shuffle strain of E. coli, and purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity column chromatography. The effect of fusion peptide was then evaluated on L929 fibroblast cells and animal models with skin lesions. In vitro, studies showed that the peptide led to an increase in the migration of fibroblast cells in the scratch assay. Its positive effect on wound healing was also observed in the skin-injured rats after 3, 7, and 12 days. A significant rise in neutrophils and granular tissue formation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen formation was exhibited on the third day of treatment when compared to the control group. The results showed that, despite reducing PDGF size, the fusion peptide was able to maintain at least some of the known functions attributed to full-length PDGF and showed positive results in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadeghi-Ardebili
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO BoX 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO BoX 14515-775, Tehran, Iran
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Lee J, Jang J, Cha SR, Lee SB, Hong SH, Bae HS, Lee YJ, Yang SR. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury by Inducing Regulatory T Cells. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e48. [PMID: 38188599 PMCID: PMC10767548 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess immunoregulatory properties and their regulatory functions represent a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI). However, uncertainties remain with respect to defining MSCs-derived immunomodulatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect of human recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) primed ES-MSCs (MSCBMP2) in promoting Tregs in ALI mice. MSC were preconditioned with 100 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 24 h, and then administrated to mice by intravenous injection after intratracheal injection of 1 mg/kg LPS. Treating MSCs with rhBMP-2 significantly increased cellular proliferation and migration, and cytokines array reveled that cytokines release by MSCBMP2 were associated with migration and growth. MSCBMP2 ameliorated LPS induced lung injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and permeability in mice exposed to LPS. Levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase were decreased while levels of total glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were further increased via inhibition of phosphorylated STAT1 in ALI mice treated with MSCBMP2. MSCBMP2 treatment increased the protein level of IDO1, indicating an increase in Treg cells, and Foxp3+CD25+ Treg of CD4+ cells were further increased in ALI mice treated with MSCBMP2. In co-culture assays with MSCs and RAW264.7 cells, the protein level of IDO1 was further induced in MSCBMP2. Additionally, cytokine release of IL-10 was enhanced while both IL-6 and TNF-α were further inhibited. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MSCBMP2 has therapeutic potential to reduce massive inflammation of respiratory diseases by promoting Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jimin Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Ryul Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Se Bi Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Han-Sol Bae
- Cellular Therapeutics Team, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin 17028, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Cellular Therapeutics Team, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin 17028, Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Maji S, Pradhan AK, Kumar A, Bhoopathi P, Mannangatti P, Guo C, Windle JJ, Subler MA, Wang XY, Semmes OJ, Nyalwidhe JO, Mukhopadhyay N, Paul AK, Hatfield B, Levit MM, Madan E, Sarkar D, Emdad L, Cohen DJ, Gogna R, Cavenee WK, Das SK, Fisher PB. MDA-9/Syntenin in the tumor and microenvironment defines prostate cancer bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307094120. [PMID: 37922327 PMCID: PMC10636346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307094120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent and incurable consequence of advanced prostate cancer (PC). An interplay between disseminated tumor cells and heterogeneous bone resident cells in the metastatic niche initiates this process. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (mda-9/Syntenin/syndecan binding protein) is a prometastatic gene expressed in multiple organs, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), under both physiological and pathological conditions. We demonstrate that PDGF-AA secreted by tumor cells induces CXCL5 expression in BM-MSCs by suppressing MDA-9-dependent YAP/MST signaling. CXCL5-derived tumor cell proliferation and immune suppression are consequences of the MDA-9/CXCL5 signaling axis, promoting PC disease progression. mda-9 knockout tumor cells express less PDGF-AA and do not develop bone metastases. Our data document a previously undefined role of MDA-9/Syntenin in the tumor and microenvironment in regulating PC bone metastasis. This study provides a framework for translational strategies to ameliorate health complications and morbidity associated with advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Anjan K. Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Jolene J. Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Mark A. Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Oliver J. Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA23507
| | - Julius O. Nyalwidhe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA23507
| | - Nitai Mukhopadhyay
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Asit Kr. Paul
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Bryce Hatfield
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Michael M. Levit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Esha Madan
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23238
| | - Rajan Gogna
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
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Baron M, Drohat P, Crawford B, Hornicek FJ, Best TM, Kouroupis D. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1187. [PMID: 37892917 PMCID: PMC10604230 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone cancer that is derived from primitive mesenchymal cells typically affecting children and young adults. The current standard of treatment is a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection of the cancerous bone. Post-resection challenges in bone regeneration arise. To determine the appropriate amount of bone to be removed, preoperative imaging techniques such as bone and CT scans are employed. To prevent local recurrence, the current standard of care suggests maintaining bony and soft tissue margins from 3 to 7 cm beyond the tumor. The amount of bone removed in an OS patient leaves too large of a deficit for bone to form on its own and requires reconstruction with metal implants or allografts. Both methods require the bone to heal, either to the implant or across the allograft junction, often in the setting of marrow-killing chemotherapy. Therefore, the issue of bone regeneration within the surgically resected margins remains an important challenge for the patient, family, and treating providers. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are potential agents for enhancing bone regeneration post tumor resection. MSCs, used with scaffolds and growth factors, show promise in fostering bone regeneration in OS cases. We spotlight two MSC types-bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived (ASCs)-highlighting their bone regrowth facilitation and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells like macrophages and T cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this review is two-fold: review work demonstrating any ability of MSCs to target the deranged immune system in the OS microenvironment, and synthesize the available literature on the use of MSCs as a therapeutic option for stimulating bone regrowth in OS patients post bone resection. When it comes to repairing bone defects, both MB-MSCs and ASCs hold great potential for stimulating bone regeneration. Research has showcased their effectiveness in reconstructing bone defects while maintaining a non-tumorigenic role following wide resection of bone tumors, underscoring their capability to enhance bone healing and regeneration following tumor excisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Baron
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Philip Drohat
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Brooke Crawford
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Jakl V, Popp T, Haupt J, Port M, Roesler R, Wiese S, Friemert B, Rojewski MT, Schrezenmeier H. Effect of Expansion Media on Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 37626914 PMCID: PMC10453497 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to rely on their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. In order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for clinical applications, MSCs have to be expanded ex vivo. Expansion media with xenogeneic-free (XF) growth-promoting supplements like human platelet lysate (PL) or serum- and xenogeneic-free (SF/XF) formulations have been established as safe and efficient, and both groups provide different beneficial qualities. In this study, MSCs were expanded in XF or SF/XF media as well as in mixtures thereof. MSCs cultured in these media were analyzed for phenotypic and functional properties. MSC expansion was optimal with SF/XF conditions when PL was present. Metabolic patterns, consumption of growth factors, and secretome of MSCs differed depending on the type and concentration of supplement. The lactate per glucose yield increased along with a higher proportion of PL. Many factors in the supernatant of cultured MSCs showed distinct patterns depending on the supplement (e.g., FGF-2, TGFβ, and insulin only in PL-expanded MSC, and leptin, sCD40L PDGF-AA only in SF/XF-expanded MSC). This also resulted in changes in cell characteristics like migratory potential. These findings support current approaches where growth media may be utilized for priming MSCs for specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Jakl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Julian Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Reinhild Roesler
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Benedikt Friemert
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus T. Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Woodbury SM, Swanson WB, Mishina Y. Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220555. [PMID: 37520820 PMCID: PMC10373313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Woodbury
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Physics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W. Benton Swanson
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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Umar M, Bartoletti G, Dong C, Gahankari A, Browne D, Deng A, Jaramillo J, Sammarco M, Simkin J, He F. Characterizing the role of Pdgfra in calvarial development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:589-604. [PMID: 36606407 PMCID: PMC10159935 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian calvarium is composed of flat bones developed from two origins, neural crest, and mesoderm. Cells from both origins exhibit similar behavior but express distinct transcriptomes. It is intriguing to ask whether genes shared by both origins play similar or distinct roles in development. In the present study, we have examined the role of Pdgfra, which is expressed in both neural crest and mesoderm, in specific lineages during calvarial development. RESULTS We found that in calvarial progenitor cells, Pdgfra is needed to maintain normal proliferation and migration of neural crest cells but only proliferation of mesoderm cells. Later in calvarial osteoblasts, we found that Pdgfra is necessary for both proliferation and differentiation of neural crest-derived cells, but not for differentiation of mesoderm-derived cells. We also examined the potential interaction between Pdgfra and other signaling pathway involved in calvarial osteoblasts but did not identify significant alteration of Wnt or Hh signaling activity in Pdgfra genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Pdgfra is required for normal calvarial development in both neural crest cells and mesoderm cells, but these lineages exhibit distinct responses to alteration of Pdgfra activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Apurva Gahankari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle Browne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alastair Deng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Josue Jaramillo
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Vaiciuleviciute R, Uzieliene I, Bernotas P, Novickij V, Alaburda A, Bernotiene E. Electrical Stimulation in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040454. [PMID: 37106641 PMCID: PMC10135934 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been frequently used in different biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive effects of ES on cellular functions, including metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. The application of ES to cartilage tissue for increasing extracellular matrix formation is of interest, as cartilage is not able to restore its lesions owing to its avascular nature and lack of cells. Various ES approaches have been used to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in chondrocytes and stem cells; however, there is a huge gap in systematizing ES protocols used for chondrogenic differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the application of ES for chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis for cartilage tissue regeneration. The effects of different types of ES on cellular functions and chondrogenic differentiation are reviewed, systematically providing ES protocols and their advantageous effects. Moreover, cartilage 3D modeling using cells in scaffolds/hydrogels under ES are observed, and recommendations on reporting about the use of ES in different studies are provided to ensure adequate consolidation of knowledge in the area of ES. This review brings novel insights into the further application of ES in in vitro studies, which are promising for further cartilage repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Bernotas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, High Magnetic Field Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytines g. 27, 10105 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aidas Alaburda
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- VilniusTech, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Sauletekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Meghil MM, Mandil O, Nevins M, Saleh MHA, Wang HL. Histologic Evidence of Oral and Periodontal Regeneration Using Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59040676. [PMID: 37109634 PMCID: PMC10143501 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human histology provides critical information on the biological potential of various regenerative protocols and biomaterials, which is vital to advancing the field of periodontal regeneration, both in research and clinical practice. Outcomes of histologic studies are particularly valuable when interpreted considering additional evidence available from pre-clinical and clinical studies. One of the best-documented growth factors areproven to have positive effects on a myriad of oral regenerative procedures is recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor—BB (rhPDGF-BB). While a systematic review of clinical studies evaluating rhPDGF in oral regenerative procedures has been recently completed, a review article that focuses on the histologic outcomes is needed. Hence, this communication discusses the histologic effects of rhPDGF-BB on oral and periodontal regenerative procedures, including root coverage and soft tissue augmentation, intrabony defects, furcation defects, peri-implant bone augmentation, and guided bone regeneration. Studies from 1989 to 2022 have been included in this review.
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12
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Soliman SA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Abou-Elhamd AS, Kamel BM, Abdellah N, Mustafa FEZA. Role of Uterine Telocytes During Pregnancy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS 2023; 29:283-302. [DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Endometrial remolding and angiogenesis are critical events that occur during pregnancy in order to establish uteroplacental vascular communication. This study investigated the role of uterine telocytes (TCs) in pregnancy. We analyzed the distribution of TCs and morphological changes in the endometrium of the gravid rabbit uterus at different stages of pregnancy: after ovulation, pre-implantation (day 7), post-implantation (days 8 and 9), and mid-pregnancy (day 14) and late (days 21–28) pregnancy. TCs gradually increased with the progression of pregnancy. They had distinctive telopodes (TPs) and podoms, with intranucleolar chromatin. The TCs established contact with decidual cells, growing a glandular epithelium, blood vessels, and immune cells, such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. The TCs underwent morphological changes at the post-implantation phase. They acquired thick and voluminous TPs, formed an extensive three-dimensional (3D) labyrinth at mid-pregnancy, and exhibited irregular-shaped nuclei and a dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum at late pregnancy. They also acquired a convoluted contour-formed complex network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an extensive 3D network in the endometrium, forming a condensed sheath at late pregnancy. Transmission electron microscopy and SEM detected fenestrated TPs, and TCs were identified by CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. TCs also expressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor beta-1. Results suggested that TCs might play an essential role in maternal placenta formation, especially decidualization, regulation of uterine gland development, and neovascularization of maternal uterine blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University , Qena , Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Alaa S Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Mohamed Kamel
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City , Sadat City 32897 , Egypt
| | - Nada Abdellah
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University , Sohag 82524 , Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Zahraa A Mustafa
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
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13
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Kuroda A, Mineo A, Shoji S, Inoue G, Saito W, Sekiguchi H, Takaso M, Uchida K. Effect of spheroid size on gene expression profiles of a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line in spheroid culture. Biomed Mater Eng 2023; 34:67-76. [PMID: 35694914 DOI: 10.3233/bme-221406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies offer potential for bone repair. MSC spheroid cultures may harbor enhanced therapeutic potential over MSC monolayers through increased secretion of trophic factors. However, the impact of spheroid size on trophic factor expression is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of spheroid size on trophic factor-related gene expression. METHODS KUM10, a murine MSC line was used. RNA-seq was used to screen the transcriptional profiles of MSC monolayer and spheroid cultures. Differentially expressed genes identified in RNA-seq were evaluated by q-PCR in cultures of 5 × 104 (S group), 5 × 105 (M group), 5 × 106 (L group) cells/well. RESULTS Comparison of expression levels between KUM10 monolayer and spheroid cultures identified 2140 differentially expressed genes, of which 1047 were upregulated and 1093 were downregulated in KUM10 spheroids. Among these, 12 upregulated genes (Bmp2, Fgf9, Fgf18, Ngf, Pdgfa, Pdgfb, Tgfb1, Vegfa, Vegfc, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt10a) were associated with secretory growth factors. Of these, expression of Fgf9, Fgf18, Vegfa and Vegfc was elevated in the L group, and Pdgfb and Tgfb1 was elevated in the S group. CONCLUSIONS Spheroid size may impact trophic factor expression. Our results will be useful for future studies assessing the utility of MSC spheroids for treating bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Mineo
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Shoji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sekiguchi
- Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami ku, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Li D, Huang LT, Zhang CP, Li Q, Wang JH. Insights Into the Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890509. [PMID: 35847662 PMCID: PMC9283766 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, commonly occurs in the elderly population, causing a significant medical and economic burden to the aging society worldwide. At present, there are few effective methods that achieve satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of PD. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are important neurotrophic factors that are expressed in various cell types. Their unique structures allow for specific binding that can effectively regulate vital functions in the nervous system. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms by which PDGFs/PDGFRs regulate the occurrence and development of PD by affecting oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein folding and aggregation, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell neuroinflammation. These modes of action mainly depend on the type and distribution of PDGFs in different nerve cells. We also summarized the possible clinical applications and prospects for PDGF in the treatment of PD, especially in genetic treatment. Recent advances have shown that PDGFs have contradictory roles within the central nervous system (CNS). Although they exert neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways, they are also associated with the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our recommendations based on our findings include further investigation of the contradictory neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of the PDGFs acting on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-pu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Li,
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Jia-He Wang,
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15
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Jarosz A, Szyluk K, Iwanicka J, Balcerzyk A, Nowak T, Iwanicki T, Negru M, Kalita M, Francuz T, Garczorz W, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Kania W, Niemiec P. What Role Does PDGFA Gene Polymorphisms Play in Treating Tennis Elbow with PRP? A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123504. [PMID: 35743573 PMCID: PMC9224593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify genotype variants of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide gene (PDGFA) that can influence the individual response to the treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in tennis elbow patients. METHODS We observed a cohort of 107 patients (132 elbows) with tennis elbow who received treatment with PRP. Patients have been followed-up for two years after PRP injection and the effectiveness of the treatment was measured using universal patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): visual analog scale (VAS), quick version of disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score (QDASH), and patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE). PROMs values, and clinical and platelet parameters were compared between genotype variants of the studied polymorphisms (rs1800814, rs2070958 and rs62433334). RESULTS The A allele carriers (rs1800814) had significantly lower values of VAS (week 12), QDASH, and PRTEE (weeks 8, 12). The T allele carriers (rs2070958) had significantly lower values of VAS (weeks 8, 12), QDASH, and PRTEE (weeks 4-12). Additional forms of therapy (manual and physical) were necessary significantly more often in GG (rs1800814) and CC (rs2070958) homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS The PDGFA gene's polymorphisms influences the effectiveness of PRP therapy in tennis elbow treatment. The effectiveness of PRP is greater in A allele (rs1800814) and T allele (rs2070958) carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Jarosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-252-84-32
| | - Karol Szyluk
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 St., 41-940 Piekary Śląskie, Poland or (K.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Iwanicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
| | - Anna Balcerzyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
| | - Marius Negru
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, St. Bernard’s Hospital, Harbour Views Rd, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar;
| | - Marcin Kalita
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 St., 41-940 Piekary Śląskie, Poland or (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (T.F.); (W.G.)
| | - Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (T.F.); (W.G.)
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, The Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kania
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Hospital in Jaworzno, Chełmońskiego 28 St., 43-600 Jaworzno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 St., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (J.I.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (T.I.); (P.N.)
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Zha K, Tian Y, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824812. [PMID: 35281084 PMCID: PMC8904963 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone is an organ that displays potential for self-healing after damage, bone regeneration does not occur properly in some cases, and it is still a challenge to treat large bone defects. The development of bone tissue engineering provides a new approach to the treatment of bone defects. Among various cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent one of the most promising seed cells in bone tissue engineering due to their functions of osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulation, and secretion of cytokines. Regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has become an area of extensive research over the past few years. This review provides an overview of recent research progress on enhancement strategies for MSC osteogenesis, including improvement in methods of cell origin selection, culture conditions, biophysical stimulation, crosstalk with macrophages and endothelial cells, and scaffolds. This is favorable for further understanding MSC osteogenesis and the development of MSC-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Military Patient Management, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
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17
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PDGFRα reporter activity identifies periosteal progenitor cells critical for bone formation and fracture repair. Bone Res 2022; 10:7. [PMID: 35075130 PMCID: PMC8786977 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer coverings of the skeleton, which is also known as the periosteum, are arranged in concentric layers and act as a reservoir for tissue-specific bone progenitors. The cellular heterogeneity within this tissue depot is being increasingly recognized. Here, inducible PDGFRα reporter animals were found to mark a population of cells within the periosteum that act as a stem cell reservoir for periosteal appositional bone formation and fracture repair. During these processes, PDGFRα reporter+ progenitors give rise to Nestin+ periosteal cells before becoming osteoblasts and osteocytes. The diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of PDGFRα reporter+ cells led to deficits in cortical bone formation during homeostasis and a diminutive hard callus during fracture repair. After ossicle transplantation, both mouse PDGFRα reporter+ periosteal cells and human Pdgfrα+ periosteal progenitors expand, ossify, and recruit marrow to a greater extent than their counterpart periosteal cells, whereas PDGFRα reporter− periosteal cells exhibit a predisposition to chondrogenesis in vitro. Total RNA sequencing identified enrichment of the secreted factors Fermt3 and Ptpn6 within PDGFRα reporter+ periosteal cells, which partly underlie the osteoblastogenic features of this cell population.
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18
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Tian Y, Zhan Y, Jiang Q, Lu W, Li X. Expression and function of PDGF-C in development and stem cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210268. [PMID: 34847773 PMCID: PMC8633783 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a relatively new member of the PDGF family, discovered nearly 20 years after the finding of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B). PDGF-C is generally expressed in most organs and cell types. Studies from the past 20 years have demonstrated critical roles of PDGF-C in numerous biological, physiological and pathological processes, such as development, angiogenesis, tumour growth, tissue remodelling, wound healing, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, stem/progenitor cell regulation and metabolism. Understanding PDGF-C expression and activities thus will be of great importance to various research disciplines. In this review, however, we mainly discuss the expression and functions of PDGF-C and its receptors in development and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Ophthalmic Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Li W, Qiao W, Liu X, Bian D, Shen D, Zheng Y, Wu J, Kwan KYH, Wong TM, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. Biomimicking Bone-Implant Interface Facilitates the Bioadaption of a New Degradable Magnesium Alloy to the Bone Tissue Microenvironment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102035. [PMID: 34713634 PMCID: PMC8655172 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The most critical factor determining the success of biodegradable bone implants is the host tissue response, which greatly depends on their degradation behaviors. Here, a new magnesium-based implant, namely magnesium-silicon-calcium (Mg-0.2Si-1.0Ca) alloy, that coordinates its biodegradation along with the bone regenerative process via a self-assembled, multilayered bone-implant interface is designed. At first, its rapid biocorrosion contributes to a burst release of Mg2+ , leading to a pro-osteogenic immune microenvironment in bone. Meanwhile, with the simultaneous intervention of Ca and Si in the secondary phases of the new alloy, a hierarchical layered calcified matrix is rapidly formed at the degrading interface that favored the subsequent bone mineralization. In contrast, pure Mg or Mg-0.2Si alloy without the development of this interface at the beginning will unavoidably induce detrimental bone loss. Hence, it is believed this biomimicking interface justifies its bioadaptability in which it can modulate its degradation in vivo and accelerate bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Danni Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kenny Y H Kwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Tak Man Wong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
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20
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Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases. Front Med 2021; 15:657-678. [PMID: 34515939 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstruction. Furthermore, primary cilia act as sensors of external stimuli and regulate bone homeostasis. Specifically, substances are trafficked through primary cilia by intraflagellar transport, which affects key signaling pathways during hard tissue development. In this review, we summarize the roles of primary cilia in long bone development and remodeling from two perspectives: primary cilia signaling and sensory mechanisms. In addition, the cilium-related diseases of hard tissue and the manifestations of mutant cilia in the skeleton and teeth are described. We believe that all the findings will help with the intervention and treatment of related hard tissue genetic diseases.
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21
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Govindasamy V, Rajendran A, Lee ZX, Ooi GC, Then KY, Then KL, Gayathri M, Kumar Das A, Cheong SK. The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1999-2016. [PMID: 34245637 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Govindasamy
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abilashini Rajendran
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhi-Xin Lee
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghee-Chien Ooi
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong-Yong Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khong-Lek Then
- Research and Development Department, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Merilynn Gayathri
- Brighton Healthcare (Bio-X Healthcare Sdn Bhd), Bio-X Centre, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Deparment of Surgery, IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Parmaksiz M, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Decellularized Cell Culture ECMs Act as Cell Differentiation Inducers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:569-584. [PMID: 32170583 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues and organs have aroused considerable interest for developing functional bio-scaffolds as natural templates in tissue engineering applications. More recently, the use of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) extracted from the in vitro cell cultures for cellular applications have come into question. It is well known that the microenvironment largely defines cellular properties. Thus, we have anticipated that the ECMs of the cells with different potency levels should likely possess different effects on cell cultures. To test this, we have comparatively evaluated the differentiative effects of ECMs derived from the cultures of human somatic dermal fibroblasts, human multipotent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cells on somatic dermal fibroblasts. Although challenges remain, the data suggest that the use of cell culture-based extracellular matrices perhaps may be considered as an alternative approach for the differentiation of even somatic cells into other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey. .,Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc, Ankara, Turkey.
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23
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Hagmeijer MH, Korpershoek JV, Crispim JF, Chen LT, Jonkheijm P, Krych AJ, Saris DBF, Vonk LA. The regenerative effect of different growth factors and platelet lysate on meniscus cells and mesenchymal stromal cells and proof of concept with a functionalized meniscus implant. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:648-659. [PMID: 33982442 PMCID: PMC8362003 DOI: 10.1002/term.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus regeneration could be enhanced by targeting meniscus cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with the right growth factors. Combining these growth factors with the Collagen Meniscus Implant (CMI®) could accelerate cell ingrowth and tissue formation in the implant and thereby improve clinical outcomes. Using a transwell migration assay and a micro-wound assay, the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor, and platelet lysate (PL) on migration and proliferation of meniscus cells and MSCs was assessed. The formation of extracellular matrix under influence of the above-mentioned growth factors was assessed after 28 days of culture of both MSCs and meniscus cells. As a proof of concept, the CMI® was functionalized with a VEGF binding peptide and coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for clinical application. Our results demonstrate that PDGF, TGF-β1, and PL stimulate migration, proliferation, and/or extracellular matrix production of meniscus cells and MSCs. Additionally, the CMI® was successfully functionalized with a VEGF binding peptide and PRP which increased migration of meniscus cell and MSC into the implant. This study demonstrates proof of concept of functionalizing the CMI® with growth factor binding peptides. A CMI® functionalized with the right growth factors holds great potential for meniscus replacement after partial meniscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michella H Hagmeijer
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn V Korpershoek
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Li-Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Cheng J, Zou Q, Xue Y, Sun C, Zhang D. Mechanical stretch promotes antioxidant responses and cardiomyogenic differentiation in P19 cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:453-462. [PMID: 33743188 DOI: 10.1002/term.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that mechanical stimuli play a crucial role in regulating the lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells through fine-tuning redox balance. We aimed to investigate the effects of cyclic tensile strain (CTS) on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and cardiac-specific genes in P19 cells, a widely characterized tool for cardiac differentiation research. A stretching device was applied to generate different magnitude and duration of cyclic strains on P19 cells. The messenger RNA and protein levels of targeted genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, respectively. Proper magnitude and duration of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) stimulation substantially enhanced the expression of both antioxidant enzymes and cardiac-specific genes in P19 cells. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) played an essential role in the CTS-induced cardiomyogenic differentiation of P19, as evidenced by changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes and cardiac-specific genes. Mechanical loading promoted the cardiomyogenic differentiation of P19 cells. SIRT1 was involved in CST-mediated P19 differentiation, implying that SIRT1 might serve as an important target for developing methods to promote cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yugang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'An International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Zhang L, Yuan Y, Wu W, Sun Z, Lei L, Fan J, Gao B, Zou J. Medium-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Exerts Beneficial Effects on Bone Modeling Through Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600639. [PMID: 33330492 PMCID: PMC7732523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type of multipotential cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under different loading condition or specific microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that BMMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. The appropriate physical activity and exercise could help attenuate bone loss, effectively stimulate bone formation, increase bone mineral density (BMD), prevent the progression of osteoporosis, and reduce the risk of bone fractures. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is originally discovered as a protein with heterotopic bone-inducing activity in the bone matrix that exerts a critical role in multiple stages of bone metabolism. In the present study, the medium-intensity treadmill exercise enhanced bone formation and increased osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression as well as activation of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway in vivo. In order to investigate the effect of a BMP-Smad signaling pathway, we injected mice with activated enzyme inhibitors (LDN-193189HCL) and subjected the mice to treadmill exercise intervention. LDN-193189HCL attenuated the BMD and bone mass mediated by medium-intensity exercise and BMP-Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongguang Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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26
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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27
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Bartoletti G, Dong C, Umar M, He F. Pdgfra regulates multipotent cell differentiation towards chondrocytes via inhibiting Wnt9a/beta-catenin pathway during chondrocranial cartilage development. Dev Biol 2020; 466:36-46. [PMID: 32800757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian skull is composed of the calvarial bones and cartilages. Malformation of craniofacial cartilage has been identified in multiple human syndromes. However, the mechanisms of their development remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified Pdgfra as a novel player of chondrocranial cartilage development. Our data show that Pdgfra is required for normal chondrocranial cartilage development. Using tissue-specific genetic tools, we demonstrated that Pdgfra is essential for chondrocyte progenitors formation, but not in mature chondrocytes. Further analysis revealed that Pdgfra regulates chondrocytes progenitors development at two stages: in embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), Pdgfra directs their differentiation toward chondrocyte progenitors; in chondrocytes progenitors, Pdgfra activation promotes cell proliferation. We also found that excessive Pdgfra activity causes ectopic cartilage formation. Our data show that Pdgfra directs eMSCs differentiation via inhibiting Wnt9a transcription and its downstream signaling, and activating Wnt signaling rescues ectopic cartilage phenotype caused by excessive Pdgfra activity. In summary, our study dissected the role of Pdgfra signaling in chondrocranial cartilage formation, and illustrated the underlying mechanisms at multiple stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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28
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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29
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Overcoming barriers confronting application of protein therapeutics in bone fracture healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:842-865. [PMID: 32783153 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture is a major contributor to debilitation and death among patients with bone diseases. Thus, osteogenic protein therapeutics and their delivery to bone have been extensively researched as strategies to accelerate fracture healing. To prevent morbidity and mortality of fractures, which occur frequently in the aging population, there is a critical need for development of first-line therapeutics. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been at the forefront of bone regeneration research for its potent osteoinduction, despite safety concerns and biophysiological obstacles of delivery to bone. However, continued pursuit of osteoinductive proteins as a therapeutic option is largely aided by drug delivery systems, playing an imperative role in enhancing safety and efficacy. In this work, we highlighted several types of drug delivery platforms and their biomaterials, to evaluate the suitability in overcoming challenges of therapeutic protein delivery for bone regeneration. To showcase the clinical considerations for each type of platform, we have assessed the most common route of administration strategies for bone regeneration, classifying the platforms as implantable or injectable. Additionally, we have analyzed the commonly utilized models and methodology for safety and efficacy evaluation of these osteogenic protein-loaded systems, to present clinical opinions for future directions of research in this field. It is hoped that this review will promote research and development of clinically translatable osteogenic protein therapeutics, while targeting first-line treatment status for achieving desired outcomes of fracture healing. Graphical abstract.
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30
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Yalçınozan M, Türker M, Çırpar M. Effects of a novel biodegredable implant system on a rat tibia fracture model. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2020; 54:453-460. [PMID: 32812878 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2020.18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of a novel biodegradable implant releasing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) at the fracture site on fracture healing in a rat tibia fracture model. METHODS In this study, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 350 g were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Group A (control group without any treatment, n=10), Group B (spacer without PDGF Group, n=10), Group C (spacer with PDGF group, n=10), and Group D (healthy rat Group, n=5). Standardized fractures were created in the right tibias of rats, and then biodegradable implants made of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate were implanted at the fracture sites in Groups B and C. In Group C, implants were loaded with 600 ng of PDGF. Animals were sacrificed 30 days after the operation, and fracture healing in each group was assessed radiologically based on the Goldberg score. Furthermore, the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) callus diameters were measured macroscopically, and fracture sites were mechanically tested. RESULTS In the radiological assessment, Group C showed higher fracture healing rate than Groups A and B (p=0.001), whereas no significant difference was found between group C and Group D (p>0.05). In the macroscopic assessment, while Group C exhibited the thickest AP callus diameter (p=0.02), no significant differences in ML callus diameters existed among the groups (p>0.05). Mechanical testing revealed that Group C had higher torsional strength (p=0.001) and stiffness than Groups A and B (p=0.001) while there was no significant difference between Groups C and D (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Biodegradable implant releasing PDGF may have positive effects on fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yalçınozan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Near East University Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Türker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Meriç Çırpar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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31
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Alcorta-Sevillano N, Macías I, Rodríguez CI, Infante A. Crucial Role of Lamin A/C in the Migration and Differentiation of MSCs in Bone. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061330. [PMID: 32466483 PMCID: PMC7348862 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C, intermediate filament proteins from the nuclear lamina encoded by the LMNA gene, play a central role in mediating the mechanosignaling of cytoskeletal forces into nucleus. In fact, this mechanotransduction process is essential to ensure the proper functioning of other tasks also mediated by lamin A/C: the structural support of the nucleus and the regulation of gene expression. In this way, lamin A/C is fundamental for the migration and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the progenitors of osteoblasts, thus affecting bone homeostasis. Bone formation is a complex process regulated by chemical and mechanical cues, coming from the surrounding extracellular matrix. MSCs respond to signals modulating the expression levels of lamin A/C, and therefore, adapting their nuclear shape and stiffness. To promote cell migration, MSCs need soft nuclei with low lamin A content. Conversely, during osteogenic differentiation, lamin A/C levels are known to be increased. Several LMNA mutations present a negative impact in the migration and osteogenesis of MSCs, affecting bone tissue homeostasis and leading to pathological conditions. This review aims to describe these concepts by discussing the latest state-of-the-art in this exciting area, focusing on the relationship between lamin A/C in MSCs' function and bone tissue from both, health and pathological points of view.
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32
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Yang Q, Han Y, Liu P, Huang Y, Li X, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating GDF5 and p38/JNK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32508644 PMCID: PMC7251029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both extracellular matrix (ECM) and stem cells contribute to the formation of bones. Accumulating evidence proved that the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) plays a vital role in ECM osteogenesis regulation; the use of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) may contribute to alveolar bone regeneration. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) serves as a regulator in the growing process of cellular organisms including bone formation. Previous efforts has led us to the discovery that the expression of growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) changed in the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Moreover, the expression of GAS5, as it turns out, is correlated to GDF5. This study attempts to investigate the inner workings of GAS5 in its regulation of osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Cell transfection, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red S (ARS) staining, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining analysis and western blotting were employed in this study. It came to our notice that GAS5 and GDF5 expression increased during osteogenesis induction of hPDLSCs. Knocking down of GAS5 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, whereas overexpressing GAS5 promoted these effects. Molecular mechanism study further demonstrated that overexpressing GAS5 bolsters GDF5 expression and boosts the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 in hPDLSCs, with opposite effects in GAS5 knockdown group. To sum up, long noncoding RNA GAS5 serves to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via GDF5 and p38/JNK signaling pathway. Our findings expand the theoretical understanding of the osteogenesis mechanism in hPDLSCs, providing new insights into the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Toosi S, Behravan J. Osteogenesis and bone remodeling: A focus on growth factors and bioactive peptides. Biofactors 2020; 46:326-340. [PMID: 31854489 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most frequently transplanted tissues. The bone structure and its physiological function and stem cells biology were known to be closely related to each other for many years. Bone is considered a home to the well-known systems of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These bone resident MSCs provide a range of growth factors (GF) and cytokines to support cell growth following injury. These GFs include a group of proteins and peptides produced by different cells which are regulators of important cell functions such as division, migration, and differentiation. GF signaling controls the formation and development of the MSCs condensation and plays a critical role in regulating osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and bone/mineral homeostasis. Thus, a combination of both MSCs and GFs receives high expectations in regenerative medicine, particularly in bone repair applications. It is known that the delivery of exogenous GFs to the non-union bone fracture site remarkably improves healing results. Here we present updated information on bone tissue engineering with a specific focus on GF characteristics and their application in cellular functions and tissue healing. Moreover, the interrelation of GFs with the damaged bone microenvironment and their mechanistic functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Toosi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical, Mashhad, Iran
- Food and Drug Administration, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Xu T, Luo Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Gu C, Li L, Qian D, Cai W, Fan J, Yin G. Exosomal miRNA-128-3p from mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats regulates osteogenesis and bone fracture healing by targeting Smad5. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32178675 PMCID: PMC7077029 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered an effective therapeutic treatment for a variety of diseases including bone fracture. However, there are associated complications along with MSCs transplantation. There is evidence to show that exosomes (Exos) derived from MSCs exert a similar paracrine function. In addition, repair capabilities of MSCs decline with age. Hence, this study aims to confirm whether the Exos protective function on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing from aged MSCs was attenuated. This information was used in order to investigate the underlying mechanism. MSCs were successfully isolated and identified from young and aged rats, and Exos were then obtained. Aged-Exos exhibited significantly attenuated effects on MSCs osteogenic differentiation in vitro and facture healing in vivo. Using miRNA array analysis, it was shown that miR-128-3p was markedly upregulated in Aged-Exos. In vitro experiments confirmed that Smad5 is a direct downstream target of miR-128-3p, and was inhibited by overexpressed miR-128-3p. A series gain- and loss- function experiment indicated that miR-128-3P serves a suppressor role in the process of fracture healing. Furthermore, effects caused by miR-128-3P mimic/inhibitor were reversed by the application of Smad5/siSmad5. Taken together, these results suggest that the therapeutic effects of MSCs-derived Exos may vary according to differential expression of miRNAs. Exosomal miR-128-3P antagomir may act as a promising therapeutic strategy for bone fracture healing, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Friend or Foe? Essential Roles of Osteoclast in Maintaining Skeletal Health. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4791786. [PMID: 32190665 PMCID: PMC7073503 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4791786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heightened activity of osteoclast is considered to be the culprit in breaking the balance during bone remodeling in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. As a “foe” of skeletal health, many antiosteoporosis therapies aim to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, bone remodeling is a dynamic process that requires the subtle coordination of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Severe suppression of osteoclast differentiation will impair bone formation because of the coupling effect. Thus, understanding the complex roles of osteoclast in maintaining proper bone remodeling is highly warranted to develop better management of osteoporosis. This review aimed to determine the varied roles of osteoclasts in maintaining skeletal health and to highlight the positive roles of osteoclasts in maintaining normal bone remodeling. Generally, osteoclasts interact with osteocytes to initiate targeted bone remodeling and have crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts via secreted factors or cell-cell contact to promote bone formation. We believe that a better outcome of bone remodeling disorders will be achieved when proper strategies are made to coordinate osteoclasts and osteoblasts in managing such disorders.
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Bartold M, Gronthos S, Haynes D, Ivanovski S. Mesenchymal stem cells and biologic factors leading to bone formation. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:12-32. [PMID: 30624807 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological bone formation and bone regeneration occurring during bone repair can be considered distinct but similar processes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and associated biologic factors are crucial to both bone formation and bone regeneration. AIM To perform a narrative review of the current literature regarding the role of MSC and biologic factors in bone formation with the aim of discussing the clinical relevance of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. METHODS The literature was searched for studies on MSC and biologic factors associated with the formation of bone in the mandible and maxilla. The search specifically targeted studies on key aspects of how stem cells and biologic factors are important in bone formation and how this might be relevant to bone regeneration. The results are summarized in a narrative review format. RESULTS Different types of MSC and many biologic factors are associated with bone formation in the maxilla and mandible. CONCLUSION Bone formation and regeneration involve very complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes. By studying these processes, new clinical opportunities will arise for therapeutic bone regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Xu Z, Ding W, Deng X. PM 2.5, Fine Particulate Matter: A Novel Player in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1404. [PMID: 31849690 PMCID: PMC6896848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the conversion of epithelial cells to mesenchymal phenotype, which endows the epithelial cells with enhanced migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix production abilities. These characteristics link EMT with the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis and cancer progression. Recent studies have preliminarily established that fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is correlated with EMT initiation. In this pathological process, PM2.5 particles, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from PM2.5, and certain components in PM2.5, such as ions and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been implicated as potential EMT mediators that are linked to the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMADs, NF-κB, growth factor (GF)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), GF/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, high mobility group box B1 (HMGB1)-receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling cascades and to cytoskeleton rearrangement. These pathways directly and indirectly transduce pro-EMT signals that regulate EMT-related gene expression in epithelial cells, finally inducing the characteristic alterations in morphology and functions of epithelia. In addition, novel associations between autophagy, ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), and exosomes with PM2.5-induced EMT have also been summarized. However, some debates and paradoxes remain to be consolidated. This review discusses the potential molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced EMT, which might account for the latent role of PM2.5 in cancer progression and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Trivedi S, Srivastava K, Saluja TS, Shyam H, Kumar S, Singh A, Saxena SK, Mehrotra D, Singh SK. Hydroxyapatite–collagen augments osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Odontology 2019; 108:251-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Xu J, Wang Y, Hsu CY, Gao Y, Meyers CA, Chang L, Zhang L, Broderick K, Ding C, Peault B, Witwer K, James AW. Human perivascular stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate bone repair. eLife 2019; 8:e48191. [PMID: 31482845 PMCID: PMC6764819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular wall is a source of progenitor cells that are able to induce skeletal repair, primarily by paracrine mechanisms. Here, the paracrine role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone healing was investigated. First, purified human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) were observed to induce mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic effects on osteoprogenitor cells while in non-contact co-culture via elaboration of EVs. PSC-derived EVs shared mitogenic, pro-migratory, and pro-osteogenic properties of their parent cell. PSC-EV effects were dependent on surface-associated tetraspanins, as demonstrated by EV trypsinization, or neutralizing antibodies for CD9 or CD81. Moreover, shRNA knockdown in recipient cells demonstrated requirement for the CD9/CD81 binding partners IGSF8 and PTGFRN for EV bioactivity. Finally, PSC-EVs stimulated bone repair, and did so via stimulation of skeletal cell proliferation, migration, and osteodifferentiation. In sum, PSC-EVs mediate the same tissue repair effects of perivascular stem cells, and represent an 'off-the-shelf' alternative for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Leslie Chang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Leititia Zhang
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | | | - Catherine Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterUCLA, Orthopaedic HospitalLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Bruno Peault
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research CenterUCLA, Orthopaedic HospitalLos AngelesUnited States
- Centre For Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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Dihydroartemisinin Promotes the Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the ERK and Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3456719. [PMID: 31534957 PMCID: PMC6732601 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3456719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), which is considered to be one of the active compounds within Artemisia annua, has extensively been used in recent years as the most effective drug against malaria, having many biological functions including anticancer, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activities. However, DHA plays a role in the regulation of the proliferation and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) osteogenic differentiation that remains unknown. We explored DHA's effect on hMSCs' proliferation as well as the osteogenic differentiation, together with its underlying mechanisms of action. We showed that DHA enhanced osteogenic differentiation but had no significant effect on hMSCs' proliferation. It probably exerted its functions through the signaling pathways of ERK1/2 as well as Wnt/β. Because DHA has low toxicity and costs, it might be regarded as an important drug for fracture treatment and tissue engineering.
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Mo G, Baldwin JR, Luffer-Atlas D, Ilaria RL, Conti I, Heathman M, Cronier DM. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Olaratumab, an Anti-PDGFRα Human Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced and/or Metastatic Cancer. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019. [PMID: 28620891 PMCID: PMC5814542 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Olaratumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα). In a randomized phase II study, olaratumab plus doxorubicin met its predefined primary endpoint for progression-free survival and achieved a highly significant improvement in overall survival versus doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). In this study, we characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of olaratumab in a cancer patient population. Methods Olaratumab was tested at 15 or 20 mg/kg in four phase II studies (in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, STS, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors) as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. PK sampling was performed to measure olaratumab serum levels. PK data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling techniques using NONMEM®. Results The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a two-compartment PK model with linear clearance (CL). Patient body weight was found to have a significant effect on both CL and central volume of distribution (V1), whereas tumor size significantly affected CL. A small subset of patients developed treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies (TE-ADAs); however, TE-ADAs did not have any effect on CL or PK time course of olaratumab. There was no difference in the PKs of olaratumab between patients who received olaratumab as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. Conclusion The PKs of olaratumab were best described by a model with linear disposition. Patient body weight and tumor size were found to be significant covariates. The PKs of olaratumab were not affected by immunogenicity or chemotherapeutic agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0562-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Mo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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42
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Mechanism of Action of Icariin in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5747298. [PMID: 31089330 PMCID: PMC6476003 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5747298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, and congenital bone defects are orthopedic disorders characterized by reduced bone generation and insufficient bone mass. Bone regenerative therapy primarily relies on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to differentiate osteogenically. Icariin (ICA) is the active ingredient of Herba epimedii, a common herb used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations, and can effectively enhance BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of ICA action in BMSCs is not completely clear. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies on the role and mechanism of action of ICA in BMSCs, to provide greater insights into its potential clinical use in bone regeneration.
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The Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vascular Calcification. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2875189. [PMID: 31065272 PMCID: PMC6466855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2875189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by hydroxyapatite crystal depositing in the vessel wall, is a common pathological condition shared by many chronic diseases and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recently, VC is regarded as an active, dynamic cell-mediated process, during which calcifying cell transition is critical. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a multidirectional differentiation ability and great potential for clinical application, play a duplex role in the VC process. MSCs facilitate VC mainly through osteogenic transformation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, several studies have reported the protective role of MSCs. Anti-inflammation, blockade of the BMP2 signal, downregulation of the Wnt signal, and antiapoptosis through paracrine signaling are possible mechanisms. This review displays the evidence both on the facilitating role and on the protective role of MSCs, then discusses the key factors determining this divergence.
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Park SR, Cho A, Kim JW, Lee HY, Hong IS. A Novel Endogenous Damage Signal, CSF-2, Activates Multiple Beneficial Functions of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1087-1100. [PMID: 30962162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges of current mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutics are their low differentiation potential into specialized cell types and their homing ability to sites of injury. Therefore, many researchers have directed their efforts toward finding a novel stimulatory factor that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF-2) is previously known as a hematopoietic growth factor involved in the differentiation of various myeloid cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition to this canonical hematopoietic function, we identified for the first time that CSF-2 is actively secreted by stem cells, in response to various types of injuries, as an endogenous damage signal that promotes the therapeutic effects of MSCs by enhancing their multi-lineage differentiation and migratory capacities, possibly through its receptor CD116. Our results also revealed that CSF-2 exerts its stimulatory effects on MSCs via PI3K/Akt- and/or FAK/ERK1/2-signaling pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with CSF-2 show markedly enhanced differentiation and migratory capacities and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects in an endometrial ablation animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel non-hematopoietic function of CSF-2 in promoting multiple beneficial functions of MSCs via a non-canonical mechanism as an endogenous damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Wu P, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Xu W, Guo H, Deng F, Ma X, Li Y. The balance of Bmp6 and Wnt10b regulates the telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:16. [PMID: 30791955 PMCID: PMC6385416 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodic growth of hair follicles is regulated by the balance of activators and inhibitors. The BMP signaling pathway plays an important role during hair follicle regeneration, but the exact BMP protein that controls this process has not been revealed. METHODS The expression of BMP6 was determined via in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. The in vivo effect of BMP6 overexpression was studied by using a previously established adenovirus injection model. The hair follicle regeneration was assessed by gross observation, H&E staining and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) tracing. The expression patterns of BMP6 signaling and Wnt10b signaling in both AdBMP6-treated and AdWnt10b-treated skins were determined by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. RESULTS BMP6 was expressed differently in the stages of hair follicle cycle. The telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles was inhibited by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of BMP6. In the in vivo model, the BMP6 signaling was inhibited by Wnt10b and the Wnt10b signaling was inhibited by BMP6. The activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) was also competitively regulated by Wnt10b and BMP6. CONCLUSIONS Combined with previously reported data of Wnt10b, our findings indicate that BMP6 and Wnt10b are major inhibitors and activators respectively and their balance regulates the telogen-anagen transition of hair follicles. To the best of our knowledge, our data provide previously unreported insights into the regulation of hair follicle cycling and provide new clues for the diagnosis and therapies of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Gaotanyan street No. 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Deng Y, Lei G, Lin Z, Yang Y, Lin H, Tuan RS. Engineering hyaline cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells with low hypertrophy potential via modulation of culture conditions and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biomaterials 2018; 192:569-578. [PMID: 30544046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source to regenerate articular cartilage, but current chondroinduction protocols, commonly using transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), lead to concomitant chondrocytic hypertrophy with ossification risk. Here, we showed that a 14-day culture of MSC-laden hyaluronic acid hydrogel in the presence of TGFβ, followed by 7 days culture in TGFβ-free medium, with the supplement of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 from day 10-21, resulted in significantly reduced hypertrophy phenotype. The stability of the hyaline phenotype of the MSC-derived cartilage, generated with a standard protocol (Control) or the optimized (Optimized) method developed in this study, was further examined through intramuscular implantation in nude mice. After 4 weeks, constructs from the Control group showed obvious mineralization; in contrast, the Optimized group displayed no signs of mineralization, and maintained cartilaginous histology. Further analysis showed that TGFβ treatment time affected p38 expression, while exposure to XAV939 significantly inhibited P-Smad 1/5 level, which together resulted in decreased level of Runx2. These findings suggest a novel treatment regimen to generate hyaline cartilage from human MSCs-loaded scaffolds, which have a minimal risk of eliciting endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yuanheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, PA, 15261, USA; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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47
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Adkar SS, Wu CL, Willard VP, Dicks A, Ettyreddy A, Steward N, Bhutani N, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Step-Wise Chondrogenesis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Purification Via a Reporter Allele Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing. Stem Cells 2018; 37:65-76. [PMID: 30378731 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to prescribed cell fates enables the engineering of patient-specific tissue types, such as hyaline cartilage, for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. In many cases, however, these differentiation approaches are poorly controlled and generate heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we demonstrate cartilaginous matrix production in three unique hiPSC lines using a robust and reproducible differentiation protocol. To purify chondroprogenitors (CPs) produced by this protocol, we engineered a COL2A1-GFP knock-in reporter hiPSC line by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Purified CPs demonstrated an improved chondrogenic capacity compared with unselected populations. The ability to enrich for CPs and generate homogenous matrix without contaminating cell types will be essential for regenerative and disease modeling applications. Stem Cells 2019;37:65-76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adarsh Ettyreddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
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48
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GM1 Ganglioside Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Tendon Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4706943. [PMID: 30210549 PMCID: PMC6126069 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4706943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, the sialic acid-conjugated glycosphingolipids present in the lipid rafts, have been recognized as important regulators of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Due to their peculiar localization in the cell membrane, they modulate the activity of several key cell receptors, and increasing evidence supports their involvement also in stem cell differentiation. In this context, herein we report the role played by the ganglioside GM1 in the osteogenic differentiation of human tendon stem cells (hTSCs). In particular, we found an increase of GM1 levels during osteogenesis that is instrumental for driving the process. In fact, supplementation of the ganglioside in the medium significantly increased the osteogenic differentiation capability of hTSCs. Mechanistically, we found that GM1 supplementation caused a reduction in the phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), which is a known inhibitor of osteogenic commitment. These results were further corroborated by the observation that GM1 supplementation was able to revert the inhibitory effects on osteogenesis when the process was inhibited with exogenous PDGF.
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49
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Su P, Tian Y, Yang C, Ma X, Wang X, Pei J, Qian A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration during Bone Formation and Bone Diseases Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082343. [PMID: 30096908 PMCID: PMC6121650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During bone modeling, remodeling, and bone fracture repair, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrocyte or osteoblast to comply bone formation and regeneration. As multipotent stem cells, MSCs were used to treat bone diseases during the past several decades. However, most of these implications just focused on promoting MSC differentiation. Furthermore, cell migration is also a key issue for bone formation and bone diseases treatment. Abnormal MSC migration could cause different kinds of bone diseases, including osteoporosis. Additionally, for bone disease treatment, the migration of endogenous or exogenous MSCs to bone injury sites is required. Recently, researchers have paid more and more attention to two critical points. One is how to apply MSC migration to bone disease therapy. The other is how to enhance MSC migration to improve the therapeutic efficacy of bone diseases. Some considerable outcomes showed that enhancing MSC migration might be a novel trick for reversing bone loss and other bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, fracture, and osteoarthritis (OA). Although plenty of challenges need to be conquered, application of endogenous and exogenous MSC migration and developing different strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy through enhancing MSC migration to target tissue might be the trend in the future for bone disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Su
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Jiawei Pei
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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50
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Shen C, Quan Q, Yang C, Wen Y, Li H. Histone demethylase JMJD6 regulates cellular migration and proliferation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:212. [PMID: 30092848 PMCID: PMC6085710 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively explored as a promising therapeutic agent due to their differentiation, proliferation and migration abilities. The epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been described in detail. However, the epigenetic modulation of ADSCs proliferation and migration is poorly understood. METHODS The present study examined histone demethylases roles and expression by RT-PCR, as well as through siRNA screening and ChIP-qPCR assay. Cellular proliferation and migration assays were employed in shRNA-mediated JMJD6 knockdown and control ADSCs. PDE1C inhibition studies were conducted to confirm its role in JMJD6-mediated epigenetic regulation of ADSCs. RESULTS The data demonstrate that the histone demethylase JMJD6 plays a critical role in regulating the proliferation and migration of ADSCs by removing H4R3me2a at the promoter regions of PDEC1 and suppressing PDEC1 expression. Importantly, the depletion of JMJD6 in ADSCs significantly increased cellular proliferation and motility, which was associated with increases in PDE1C expression and decreases in the levels of both cAMP and cGMP. The increase in proliferation and migration was reversed by treatment with a PDE1C inhibitor, suggesting that JMJD6 attenuates the proliferation and migration of ADSCs as an epigenetic regulator and PDE1C partially contributes to the JMJD6-mediated regulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that JMJD6 plays an important role in the regulation of ADSCs proliferation and migration through the modulation of PDE1C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Basic Medicine School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Quan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- Basic Medicine School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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