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Zeng J, Li Y, Wang C, Fu S, He M. Combination of in silico prediction and convolutional neural network framework for targeted screening of metabolites from LC-HRMS fingerprints: A case study of "Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - FructusAurantii". Talanta 2024; 269:125514. [PMID: 38071769 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach is introduced, merging in silico prediction with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework for the targeted screening of in vivo metabolites in Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) fingerprints. Initially, three predictive tools, supplemented by literature, identify potential metabolites for target prototypes derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) or functional foods. Subsequently, a CNN is developed to minimize false positives from CWT-based peak detection. The Extracted Ion Chromatogram (EIC) peaks are then annotated using MS-FINDER across three levels of confidence. This methodology focuses on analyzing the metabolic fingerprints of rats administered with "Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - Fructus Aurantii" (PCR-FA). Consequently, 384 peaks in positive mode and 282 in negative mode were identified as true peaks of probable metabolites. By contrasting these with "blank serum" data, EIC peaks of adequate intensity were chosen for MS/MS fragment analysis. Ultimately, 14 prototypes (including flavonoids and lactones) and 40 metabolites were precisely linked to their corresponding EIC peaks, thereby providing deeper insight into the pharmacological mechanism. This innovative strategy markedly enhances the chemical coverage in the targeted screening of LC-HRMS metabolic fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Quality Control, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Sheng Fu
- Hunan prevention and treatment institute for occupational disease, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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2
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Paul U, Banerjee S. The functional significance and cross-talk of non-coding RNAs in triple negative and quadruple negative breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6899-6918. [PMID: 35235157 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is breast cancer, among which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant and lethal subtype. This cancer accounts for 10-20% of all breast cancer deaths. Proliferation, tumorigenesis, and prognosis of TNBC are affected when the androgen receptor (AR) is not expressed, and it is classified as quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC). Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a significant role in tumorigenesis by virtue of their oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties. To regulate tumorigenesis, miRNAs interact with their target mRNAs and modulate their expression, whereas lncRNAs can either act alone or interact with miRNAs or other molecules through various signaling pathways. Conversely, circRNAs regulate tumorigenesis by acting as miRNA sponges predominantly. Recently, non-coding RNAs were studied comprehensively for their roles in tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. As a result of existing studies and research progress, non-coding RNAs have been implicated in TNBC, necessitating their use as biomarkers for future diagnostic applications. In this review, the non-coding RNAs are explicitly implicated in the regulation of breast cancer, and their cross-talk between TNBC and QNBC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpalendu Paul
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Small non-coding RNA profiling in breast cancer: plasma U6 snRNA, miR-451a and miR-548b-5p as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1955-1971. [PMID: 34993725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Most cases are invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (NST breast carcinomas). METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective, multicentric biomarker discovery study, we analyzed the expression of small non-coding RNAs (mainly microRNAs) in plasma by qPCR and evaluated their association with NST breast cancer. Large-scale expression profiling and subsequent validations have been performed in patient and control groups and compared with clinicopathological data. Small nuclear U6 snRNA, miR-548b-5p and miR-451a have been identified as candidate biomarkers. U6 snRNA was remarkably overexpressed in all the validations, miR-548b-5p levels were generally elevated and miR-451a expression was mostly downregulated in breast cancer groups. Combined U6 snRNA/miR-548b-5p signature demonstrated the best diagnostic performance based on the ROC curve analysis with AUC of 0.813, sensitivity 73.1% and specificity 82.6%. There was a trend towards increased expression of both miR-548b-5p and U6 snRNA in more advanced stages. Further, increased miR-548b-5p levels have been partially associated with higher grades, multifocality, Ki-67 positivity, and luminal B rather than luminal A samples. On the other hand, an association has been observed between high miR-451a expression and progesterone receptor positivity, lower grade, unifocal samples, Ki-67-negativity, luminal A rather than luminal B samples as well as improved progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that U6 snRNA and miR-548b-5p may have pro-oncogenic functions, while miR-451a may act as tumor suppressor in breast cancer.
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Cheng Y, Ma X, Zhao Q, Wang C, Yan D, Li F. Metabolic Profile of C-Prenyl Coumarins Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216558. [PMID: 34770967 PMCID: PMC8588418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C-prenyl coumarins (C-PYCs) are compounds with similar structures and various bioactivities, which are widely distributed in medicinal plants. Until now, the metabolic characterizations of C-PYCs and the relationship between metabolism and bioactivities remain unclear. In this study, ultra-performance chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was firstly used to determine the metabolic characterizations of three C-PYCs, including meranzin hydrate (MH), isomeranzin (ISM), and meranzin (MER). In total, 52 metabolites were identified, and all of them were found to be novel metabolites. Among these metabolites, 10 were from MH, 22 were from ISM, and 20 were from MER. The major metabolic pathways of these C-PYCs were hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, demethylation, and conjugation with cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and glucuronide. The metabolic rate of MH was much lower than ISM and MER, which was only 27.1% in MLM and 8.7% in HLM, respectively. Additionally, recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) screening showed that CYP1A1, 2B6, 3A4, and 3A5 were the major metabolic enzymes involved in the formation of metabolites. Further bioactivity assays indicated that all of these three C-PYCs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, but the effects of ISM and MER were slightly higher than MH, accompanied by a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines transcription induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages RAW 264.7. Taken together, the metabolic characterizations of the three C-PYCs suggested that the side chain of the prenyl group may impact the metabolism and biological activity of C-PYCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.C.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Qi Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.C.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.C.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.C.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (F.L.)
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Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Chaihu-Shugan-San in Treatment of Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3670309. [PMID: 33062007 PMCID: PMC7533014 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3670309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers endangering women's health all over the world. Traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly recognized as a possible complementary and alternative therapy for breast cancer. Chaihu-Shugan-San is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is extensively used in clinical practice. Its therapeutic effect on breast cancer has attracted extensive attention, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of Chaihu-Shugan-San in the treatment of breast cancer by network pharmacology. The results showed that 157 active ingredients and 8074 potential drug targets were obtained in the TCMSP database according to the screening conditions. 2384 disease targets were collected in the TTD, OMIM, DrugBank, GeneCards disease database. We applied the Bisogenet plug-in in Cytoscape 3.7.1 to obtain 451 core targets. The biological process of gene ontology (GO) involves the mRNA catabolic process, RNA catabolic process, telomere organization, nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process, heterocycle catabolic process, and so on. In cellular component, cytosolic part, focal adhesion, cell-substrate adherens junction, and cell-substrate junction are highly correlated with breast cancer. In the molecular function category, most proteins were addressed to ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding, protein domain specific binding, and Nop56p-associated pre-rRNA complex. Besides, the results of the KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways mainly involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, transcriptional dysregulation, endocrine resistance, and viral infection. In conclusion, the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu-Shugan-San is the result of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway interaction. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer by Chaihu-Shugan-San and has certain reference value for the development and application of new drugs.
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Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9781675. [PMID: 31781287 PMCID: PMC6875207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9781675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal prescription for treating depression. However, the underlying mechanism of the Chinese syndrome-specific efficacy of CSS is poorly understood. Aim of the Study. From traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacogenetics perspectives, the present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of CSS on a mouse model of Liver-Qi Stagnation (LQS) syndrome and its underlying mechanisms. Methods and Materials. We used two main mouse models of depressive syndromes in the study, including LQS and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency (LSSD) syndrome. Tail suspension and forced swimming tests were used to evaluate the effects of CSS on animal behaviour. The expression level of the CYP450 enzyme from liver microsomes was analysed by western blot (WB) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). More specifically, we analysed the key compounds of CSS that are responsible for CYP450 regulation via bioinformatics. Ultimately, luciferase assays were employed to confirm the prediction in vitro. Results. CSS remarkably reduced the immobile time in LQS rather than in LSSD mice. Although CSS significantly upregulated CYP2C9 in mice with both syndromes, activated translation of CYP3A4 induced by CSS was only observed in the LQS group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the unique regulation of CYP3A4 was responsible for the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from CSS. Further luciferase assays confirmed the enhancement of CYP3A4 expression via the pregnane X receptor (PXR) pathway in vitro. Conclusions. CSS specifically upregulates the translation of CYP3A4 via the PXR pathway in depressed LQS mice. GA, a bioactive compound that originates from CSS, contributes to this activation. This work provides novel insight into Chinese syndrome-based therapy for depression.
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Bioactive assay and hyphenated chromatography detection for complex supercritical CO 2 extract from Chaihu Shugan San using an experimental design approach. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Oh HA, Lee H, Kim D, Jung BH. Development of GC-MS based cytochrome P450 assay for the investigation of multi-herb interaction. Anal Biochem 2016; 519:71-83. [PMID: 28007398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As drug interactions with cytochrome P450 enzymes become increasingly important in the field of drug discovery, a high-throughput screening method for analysing the effects of a drug is needed. We have developed a simple and rapid simultaneous analytical method using a cocktail approach for measuring the activities of seven cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4). Human liver microsomes were used as a source for the seven cytochrome P450 enzymes, and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysing their activities. Kinetic studies and inhibition assays of CYP enzymes were performed using known substrates and inhibitors for validating and comparing the reaction rates and time-dependent activities between methods using each substrate versus a method using a cocktail solution. The optimized cocktail method was successfully applied to evaluate the effects of the decoction of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) on cytochrome P450 enzymes. Our cocktail method provides a simultaneous high-throughput activity assay using GC-MS for the first time. This method is applicable for analysing the drug interactions of various plant-derived mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Oh
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.
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Chen D, Lin XX, Zhao Q, Xiao J, Peng SF, Xiao MF, Ouyang DS, Tan ZR, Wang YC, Peng JB, Zhang W, Chen Y. Screening of drug metabolizing enzymes for fusidic acid and its interactions with isoform-selective substrates in vitro. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:778-784. [PMID: 27571049 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1230795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Fusidic acid (FA) is widely used for the treatment of infections of sensitive osteomyelitis or skin and soft tissue caused by bacteria. However, the role of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in the metabolism of FA is unclear. In the present study, we screened the main CYPs for the metabolism of FA and studied its interactions with isoform-selective substrates in vitro. 2. The main CYP450s were screened according to the inhibitory effect of specific inhibitors on the metabolism of FA in human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP isoforms. Enzyme kinetic parameters including Ki, Ki', Vmax, and IC50 were calculated to determine the potential of FA to affect CYP-mediated metabolism of isoform-selective substrates. 3. FA metabolism rate was inhibited by 49.8% and 83.1% under CYP2D6, CYP3A4 selective inhibitors in HLMs. In recombinant experiment, the inhibitory effects on FA metabolism were 83.3% for CYP2D6 and 58.9% for CYP3A4, respectively. FA showed inhibition on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 with Kis of 13.9 and 38.6 μM, respectively. Other CYP isoforms including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and CYP2C19 showed minimal or no effect on the metabolism of FA. 4. FA was primarily metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and showed a noncompetitive inhibition on CYP2D6 and a mixed competitive inhibition on CYP3A4. Drug-drug interactions between FA and other chemicals, especially with substrates of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, are phenomena that clinicians need to be aware of and cautious about.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - X-X Lin
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Q Zhao
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - J Xiao
- c Department of Pharmacy , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - S-F Peng
- d Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China , and.,e Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - M-F Xiao
- d Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China , and.,e Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - D-S Ouyang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Z-R Tan
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Y-C Wang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - J-B Peng
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - W Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Y Chen
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,b Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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Ouyang DS, Huang WH, Chen D, Zhang W, Tan ZR, Peng JB, Wang YC, Guo Y, Hu DL, Xiao J, Chen Y. Kinetics of cytochrome P450 enzymes for metabolism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate in vitro. Chin Med 2016; 11:11. [PMID: 27006687 PMCID: PMC4802617 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA for treating cardiovascular disorders. The roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the metabolism of STS have remained unclear. This study aims to screen the main CYPs for metabolism of STS and study their interactions in vitro. Methods Seven major CYPs were screened for metabolism of STS by human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP isoforms. Phenacetin (CYP1A2), coumarin (CYP2A6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), metoprolol (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), S-mephenytoin (CYP2C19), and midazolam (CYP3A4) were used as probe substrates to determine the potential of STS in affecting CYP-mediated phase I metabolism in humans. Enzyme kinetic studies were performed to investigate the modes of inhibition of the enzyme–substrate interactions by GraphPad Prism Enzyme Kinetic 5 Demo software. Results Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 in a dose–dependent manner by the HLMs and CYP3A4 isoform. The Km and Vmax values of STS were 54.8 ± 14.6 µM and 0.9 ± 0.1 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively, for the HLMs and 7.5 ± 1.4 µM and 6.8 ± 0.3 nmol/nmol P450/min, respectively, for CYP3A4. CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP2C19 showed minimal or no effects on the metabolism of STS. Conclusion This in vitro study showed that STS mainly inhibited the activities of CYP3A4. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0083-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Ying Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Dong-Li Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China ; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
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11
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Xiao J, Chen D, Lin XX, Peng SF, Xiao MF, Huang WH, Wang YC, Peng JB, Zhang W, Ouyang DS, Chen Y. Screening of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes for the Ginsenoside Compound K In Vitro: An Efficient Anti-Cancer Substance Originating from Panax Ginseng. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147183. [PMID: 26845774 PMCID: PMC4742234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a rare ginsenoside originating from Panax Ginseng, has been found to possess unique pharmacological activities specifically as anti-cancers. However, the role of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in the metabolism of CK is unclear. In this study, we screened the CYPs for the metabolism of CK in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs) or human recombinant CYPs. The results showed that CK inhibited the enzyme activities of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in the HLMs. The Km and Vmax values of CK were 84.20±21.92 μM and 0.28±0.04 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively, for the HLMs; 34.63±10.48 μM and 0.45±0.05 nmol/nmol P450/min, respectively, for CYP2C9; and 27.03±5.04 μM and 0.68±0.04 nmol/nmol P450/min, respectively, for CYP3A4. The IC50 values were 16.00 μM and 9.83 μM, and Ki values were 14.92 μM and 11.42μM for CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, respectively. Other human CYP isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP2C19, showed minimal or no effect on CK metabolism. The results suggested that CK was a substrate and also inhibitors for both CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Patients using CK in combination with therapeutic drugs that are substrates of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 for different reasons should be careful, although the inhibiting potency of CK is much poorer than that of enzyme-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Xian Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Fang Peng
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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