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Tsuchiya T, Kim SY, Matsuda M, Kim J, Stotland A, Naiki M, Seki E. Repurposing of the analgesic Neurotropin for MASLD/MASH treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0480. [PMID: 39023282 PMCID: PMC11262822 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has increased in recent decades. Approximately 25% of patients with MASLD progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, which is characterized by hepatic steatosis plus hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. We previously reported that Neurotropin (NTP), a drug used for relieving pain in Japan and China, inhibits lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation by NTP can be an effective strategy for treating MASLD and tested this hypothesis in a MASLD mouse model. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6NJ male mice were fed a normal diet and normal drinking water or a high-fat diet with high fructose/glucose water for 12 weeks. During the last 6 weeks, the mice were also given high-dose NTP, low-dose NTP, or control treatment. Histologic, biochemical, and functional tests were conducted. MitoPlex, a new proteomic platform, was used to measure mitochondrial proteins, as mitochondrial dysfunction was previously reported to be associated with MASLD progression. RESULTS NTP inhibited the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by feeding a high-fat diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water. NTP also inhibited HSC activation. MitoPlex analysis revealed that NTP upregulated the expression of mitochondrial proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and fatty acid transport. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NTP prevents the development of hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation by preserving mitochondrial function in the liver and inhibits liver fibrosis by suppressing HSC activation. Thus, repurposing NTP may be a beneficial option for treating MASLD/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuchiya
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexsandr Stotland
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mitsuru Naiki
- Department of Pharmacological Research, Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zhang X, Zhou C, Hu J, Hu J, Ding Y, Chen S, Wang X, Xu L, Gou Z, Zhang S, Shi W. Six-gene prognostic signature for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease susceptibility using machine learning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38076. [PMID: 38728481 PMCID: PMC11081587 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease affecting the global population and its impact on human health will continue to increase. Genetic susceptibility is an important factor influencing its onset and progression, and there is a lack of reliable methods to predict the susceptibility of normal populations to NAFLD using appropriate genes. METHODS RNA sequencing data relating to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was analyzed using the "limma" package within the R software. Differentially expressed genes were obtained through preliminary intersection screening. Core genes were analyzed and obtained by establishing and comparing 4 machine learning models, then a prediction model for NAFLD was constructed. The effectiveness of the model was then evaluated, and its applicability and reliability verified. Finally, we conducted further gene correlation analysis, analysis of biological function and analysis of immune infiltration. RESULTS By comparing 4 machine learning algorithms, we identified SVM as the optimal model, with the first 6 genes (CD247, S100A9, CSF3R, DIP2C, OXCT 2 and PRAMEF16) as predictive genes. The nomogram was found to have good reliability and effectiveness. Six genes' receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) suggest an essential role in NAFLD pathogenesis, and they exhibit a high predictive value. Further analysis of immunology demonstrated that these 6 genes were closely connected to various immune cells and pathways. CONCLUSION This study has successfully constructed an advanced and reliable prediction model based on 6 diagnostic gene markers to predict the susceptibility of normal populations to NAFLD, while also providing insights for potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunzi Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueping Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shanghai Jinshan TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Gou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiao Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhou X, Iida H, Li Y, Ota A, Zhuo L, Nobuhara R, Terajima Y, Naiki M, Reddi AH, Kimata K, Ushida T. Neurotropin ® ameliorates chronic pain associated with scar formation in a mouse model: A gene expression analysis of the inflammatory response. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241245420. [PMID: 38511285 PMCID: PMC11080750 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241245420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Scar formation after trauma and surgery involves an inflammatory response and can lead to the development of chronic pain. Neurotropin® (NTP) is a nonprotein extract of inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus. It has been widely used for the treatment of chronic pain. However, the in vivo effects of NTP on painful scar formation have not been determined. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of NTP on the inflammatory response, we evaluated gene expression in the scar tissues and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of mice administered NTP and control mice. Methods and results: Mice injected with saline or NTP were used as controls; other mice were subjected to surgery on the left hind paw to induce painful scar formation, and then injected with saline or NTP. Hind paw pain was evaluated by measuring the threshold for mechanical stimulation using the von Frey test. The paw withdrawal threshold gradually returned to pre-operative levels over 4 weeks post-operation; NTP-treated mice showed a significantly shortened recovery time of approximately 3 weeks, suggesting that NTP exerted an analgesic effect in this mouse model. Total RNA was extracted from the scarred hind paw tissues and DRGs were collected 1 week post-operation for a microarray analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of some gene sets related to inflammatory responses was activated or inhibited following surgery and NTP administration. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis results for several genes were consistent with the microarray results. Conclusion: The administration of NTP to the hind paws of mice with painful scar formation following surgery diminished nociceptive pain and reduced the inflammatory response. NTP inhibited the expression of some genes involved in the response to surgery-induced inflammation. Therefore, NTP is a potential therapeutic option for painful scar associated with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department Rehabilitation Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reiko Nobuhara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuki Terajima
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naiki
- Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Project Researcher), Osaka, Japan
| | - A Hari Reddi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Koji Kimata
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ushida
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Tang L, Kang S, Yan W, Yu Y, Li J, Wang W, Ma Z, Fan X, Sun L. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces liver inflammation caused by fatigue exercise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1375. [PMID: 36859127 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to have many benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting angiogenesis, and so on. So, can exercise fatigue induced liver inflammation be effectively relieved by LIPUS? If possible, what is the possible mechanism? This study first investigated the effect of different intensity exercise on liver inflammation. Rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, exercise fatigue group, and aerobic exercise group. The results showed that aerobic exercise increases both anti-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory factors, while fatigue exercise decreases anti-inflammatory factors and increases pro-inflammatory factors, leading to severe liver injury and fibrosis. Then, we investigated the therapeutic effect of LIPUS on liver inflammation caused by exercise fatigue. Starting from the 6th week, the liver was irradiated with LIPUS of 80 mW/cm2 for 20 min/d after daily exercise for 7 weeks. The results showed that LIPUS significantly decreased liver injury and fibrosis, significantly up-regulated the expression of STAT6, IL-13, and its receptors IL-13Rα1, and down regulated the expression of NF-κBp65 in exercise fatigue rats. These results indicate that LIPUS can reduce fatigue-induced liver inflammation, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the IL-13/STAT6/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sufang Kang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenkang Yan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wanzhao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhanke Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Effect of neurotropin on Alzheimer's disease-like changes and cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neuroreport 2023; 34:170-177. [PMID: 36719834 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a main mechanism of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with various cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, treatment of CCH in clinical practice is not ideal, but neurotropin (NTP) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, this study examined the effect and possible mechanism of NTP in nerve injury caused by CCH. A rat CCH model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO), and rats were treated with intragastric administration of NTP (200 nu/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. After treatment, rats were subjected to the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Subsequently, an ELISA was applied to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in rat hippocampal tissues, quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Trk B, and Western blots were used to detect the protein expression levels of BACE1, tau, p-tau, and protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway-related proteins. The rat model of CCH was successfully established by 2VO. Behavioral tests indicated that the cognitive ability of 2VO rats was severely impaired. NTP treatment greatly ameliorated the cognitive disability, reduced Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels and tau phosphorylation, and upregulated BACE1, Trk B, and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of 2VO rats. Finally, we found that NTP markedly activated Akt/GSK3β pathway activity. NTP can ameliorate cognitive disability in CCH rats possibly by reducing Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. These effects of NTP may be related to the Akt/GSK3β pathway activation. NTP may be a promising new drug candidate for CCH patients.
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Yan J, Liu Q, Tang Q, Zhang J, Jing X, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y, He J. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by Western diet in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22349. [PMID: 35567505 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101975r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver are the major characteristics of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, raising the possibility that it is involved in NASH. Here, we reduced and increased MANF levels in mice in order to explore its influence on hepatic triglyceride homeostasis, inflammation, and fibrosis during NASH progression. The MANF expression was decreased in Western diet-induced NASH mice. In vivo, liver-specific MANF knockout exacerbated hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis of mice induced by Western diet, while liver-specific MANF overexpression mitigated these NASH pathogenic features. In vitro, knocking down MANF in primary hepatocyte cultures aggravated hepatic steatosis and inflammation, which MANF overexpression markedly attenuated. Studies in vitro and in vivo suggested that MANF regulated hepatic lipid synthesis by modulating SREBP1 expression. Inhibiting SREBP1 in primary hepatocytes blocked lipid accumulation after MANF knockdown. MANF overexpression reversed LXRs agonist GW3965 induced SREBP1 and LIPIN1 expression. MANF decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation. These results suggest that MANF can protect against NASH by regulating SREBP1 expression and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abe R, Ohzono H, Gotoh M, Nakamura Y, Honda H, Nakamura H, Kume S, Okawa T, Shiba N. Neurotropin protects rotator cuff tendon cells from lidocaine-induced cell death. Clin Shoulder Elb 2021; 24:224-230. [PMID: 34875729 PMCID: PMC8651596 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2021.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local anesthetics often are used in rotator cuff tears as therapeutic tools, although some cases have reported that they have detrimental effects. Neurotropin (NTP) is used widely in Japan as a treatment for various chronic pain conditions and is shown to have protective effects on cartilage and nerve cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of NTP against lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity. Methods Tenocytes from rotator cuff tendons were incubated with lidocaine, NTP, lidocaine with NTP, and a control medium. Cell viability was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was detected via annexin V staining using flow cytometry. The expression of BCL-2 and cytochrome c, which are involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, was evaluated via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results In the cell viability assay, lidocaine decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and NTP did not affect cell viability. Moreover, NTP significantly inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lidocaine. The flow cytometry analysis showed that lidocaine significantly induced apoptosis in tenocytes, and NTP considerably inhibited this lidocaine-induced apoptosis. Western blotting experiments showed that lidocaine decreased the protein expression of BCL-2, and that NTP conserved the expression of BCL-2, even when used with lidocaine. Immunohistochemical staining for cytochrome c showed that 0.1% lidocaine increased cytochrome c-positive cells, and NTP suppressed lidocaine-induced cytochrome c expression. Conclusions NTP suppresses lidocaine-induced apoptosis of tenocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Intra-articular/ bursal injection of NTP with lidocaine could protect tenocytes in rotator cuff tendons against lidocaine-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Abe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohzono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Gotoh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Honda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kume
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Xu M, Tu W, Hsin IF, Stotland A, Kim JH, Liu P, Naiki M, Gottlieb RA, Seki E. Neurotropin Inhibits Lipid Accumulation by Maintaining Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes via AMPK Activation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:950. [PMID: 32848877 PMCID: PMC7424056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, known as hepatic steatosis, is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inhibiting hepatic steatosis is suggested to be a therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. The present study investigated the actions of Neurotropin (NTP), a drug used for chronic pain in Japan and China, on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes as a possible treatment for NAFLD. NTP inhibited lipid accumulation induced by palmitate and linoleate, the two major hepatotoxic free fatty acids found in NAFLD livers. An RNA sequencing analysis revealed that NTP altered the expression of mitochondrial genes. NTP ameliorated palmitate-and linoleate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reversing mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, and β-oxidation, suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress, and enhancing mitochondrial turnover. Moreover, NTP increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, a critical factor in the regulation of mitochondrial function, and induced PGC-1β expression. Inhibition of AMPK activity and PGC-1β expression diminished the anti-steatotic effect of NTP in hepatocytes. JNK inhibition could also be associated with NTP-mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation, but we did not find the association between AMPK and JNK. These results suggest that NTP inhibits lipid accumulation by maintaining mitochondrial function in hepatocytes via AMPK activation, or by inhibiting JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mingyi Xu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - I-Fang Hsin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Han Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mitsuru Naiki
- Department of Pharmacological Research, Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Roberta A. Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Neurotropin exerts neuroprotective effects after spinal cord injury by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating cytokines. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:74-83. [PMID: 33437626 PMCID: PMC7773959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) severely and irreversibly damages the central nervous system. Neurotropin (NTP), a nonprotein extract obtained from inflamed rabbit skin inoculated with vaccinia virus, is a drug that has been used for more than sixty years to alleviate neuropathic pain. It also reportedly exerts a neuroprotective role in peripheral nerves and in response to various central nervous system diseases, such as brain injury and Alzheimer disease. However, whether NTP promotes SCI recovery remains unknown. This study evaluated NTP's effects after SCI and explored its underlying mechanisms in a rat contusion model of SCI. Method NTP was intraperitoneally administered to adult female Wistar rats subjected to contusion-induced SCI. Functional recovery was evaluated with behavioural scores and electrophysiological examinations. Tissue recovery was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging as well as histological staining with haematoxylin and eosin and Luxol Fast Blue. Neuronal survival and gliosis were observed after NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence. Levels of apoptosis were demonstrated with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Western blot, and Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry. A protein antibody chip analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of 67 rat cytokines. Results NTP treatment improved the hindlimb locomotor recovery of the injured animals as well as their electrophysiological outcomes after SCI. A dosage of 50 NTP units/kg was found to optimize the efficacy of NTP. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that lesion sizes decreased after NTP treatment. The haematoxylin and eosin and Luxol Fast Blue staining showed significant increases in the amount of spared tissue. The NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence revealed that NTP treatment increased neuronal survival and reduced gliosis in tissue samples obtained from the lesion's epicentre. That NTP inhibited apoptosis was confirmed by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells, level of Caspase-3 expression, and number of Annexin V/propidium iodide–positive cells, as well as the increased level of Bcl-2 expression. The protein array analysis identified 28 differentially expressed proteins in the NTP group, and the gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the enriched differentially expressed proteins implicate janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathways. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6, thymus chemokine-1(TCK-1), and lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX) decreased after NTP treatment, whereas the levels of prorepair cytokine hepatocyte growth factor and adiponectin increased. Conclusion Our research provides evidence that NTP can improve functional outcomes and alleviate secondary injury after SCI by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating cytokines. The translational potential of this article The multicomponent NTP might have broad target spectra in SCI pathophysiology and halt the secondary injury cascade. As a safe drug that features sixty years of clinical use as an analgesic, translating this demonstrated efficacy of NTP to addressing SCI in human patients may potentially be accelerated.
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10
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Varrassi G, Alon E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Mayoral-Rojals V, Paladini A, Pergolizzi JV, Perrot S, Scarpignato C, Tölle T. Towards an Effective and Safe Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: A Delphi-Guided Expert Consensus. Adv Ther 2019; 36:2618-2637. [PMID: 31485978 PMCID: PMC6822819 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical management of inflammatory pain requires an optimal balance between effective analgesia and associated safety risks. To date, mechanisms associated with inflammatory pain are not completely understood because of their complex nature and the involvement of both peripheral and central mechanisms. This Expert Consensus document is intended to update clinicians about evolving areas of clinical practice and/or available treatment options for the management of patients with inflammatory pain. METHOD An international group of experts in pain management covering the pharmacology, neurology and rheumatology fields carried out an independent qualitative systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Existing guidelines for pain management provide recommendations that do not satisfactorily address the complex nature of pain. To achieve optimal outcomes, drug choices should be individualized to guarantee the best match between the characteristics of the patient and the properties of the medication. NSAIDs represent an important prescribing choice in the management of inflammatory pain, and the recent results on paracetamol question its appropriate use in clinical practice, raising the need for re-evaluation of the recommendations in the clinical practice guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing clinicians' knowledge of the available pharmacologic options to treat different pain mechanisms offers the potential for safe, individualized treatment decisions. We hope that it will help implement the needed changes in the management of inflammatory pain by providing the best strategies and new insights to achieve the ultimate goal of managing the disease and obtaining optimal benefits for patients. FUNDING Dompé Farmaceutici SPA and Paolo Procacci Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Varrassi
- Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
- President of World Institute of Pain (WIP), Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Eli Alon
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Bagnasco
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Lanata
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Serge Perrot
- Descartes University and Cochin-Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
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Wei S, Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhou S, Li C, Liu R, Qiu J, Shi C, Lu L. RIP3 deficiency alleviates liver fibrosis by inhibiting ROCK1–TLR4–NF‐κB pathway in macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:11180-11193. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900752r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wei
- School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shun Zhou
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rui Liu
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chengyu Shi
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Lu
- School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Hepatobiliary CenterFirst Affiliated HospitalJiangsu Key Laboratory of XenotransplantationCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Shi X, Jiang X, Yuan B, Liu T, Tang Y, Che Y, Shi Y, Ai Q. LINC01093 Upregulation Protects against Alcoholic Hepatitis through Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:791-803. [PMID: 31450097 PMCID: PMC6716105 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to be involved in the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), which has been regarded as a severe form of acute liver injury with a high mortality rate. Through the GEO database, the differentially expressed LINC01093 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were identified in AH. Then, to clarify their specific role and underlying mechanism in AH, we constructed an AH mouse model by using Lieber-Decarli alcoholic feed. It was found that LINC01093 was poorly expressed and ICAM-1 was highly expressed in AH mice. After that, the interactions among LINC01093, ICAM-1, and NF-κB signaling pathway were explored, which verified that LINC01093 could target ICAM-1 and inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, after the hepatocytes were isolated from AH mice, the expression of LINC01093 was up- or downregulated or that of ICAM-1 was silenced to evaluate their effect on cell viability and apoptosis. The corresponding results demonstrated that after overexpression of LINC01093 or silencing of ICAM-1, cell viability was increased and cell apoptosis was reduced in the hepatocytes of AH mice. Moreover, the silencing of LINC01093 was observed to inhibit the viability and promote the apoptosis of hepatocytes of AH mice. Altogether, these results provide evidence that overexpression of LINC01093 could effectively suppress hepatocyte apoptosis and promote proliferation by inhibiting the ICAM-1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, thus playing a functional role in AH and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Baoshan Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Qing Ai
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Effect of Dachaihu decoction on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model rats induced by a high-fat high-sugar diet. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Upregulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by Neurotropin in nucleus pulposus cells via stimulation of chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1: A new approach to attenuation of intervertebral disc degeneration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202640. [PMID: 30148873 PMCID: PMC6110471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that most cases of low back pain are related to degeneration of intervertebral discs. Disc degeneration is a chronic and progressive disease and the search for effective medical treatments continues. Neurotropin is widely used in Japan and China to treat low back pain and neck–shoulder–arm syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Neurotropin on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in nucleus pulposus cells. Cultured human nucleus pulposus cells were treated with Neurotropin every second day for two weeks. Production of glycosaminoglycan was assessed using a dimethyl-methylene blue assay and PicoGreen was used to measure DNA content. Microarray analysis, real-time PCR, and western blotting were performed to assess the biological processes related to Neurotropin-stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis. The results showed that the level of glycosaminoglycan normalized to DNA content was significantly upregulated by the addition of Neurotropin. Gene expression profiling showed over two-fold upregulation of 697 genes in response to Neurotropin treatment. Among these genes, ontological analysis suggested significant implication of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, and analysis focused on this pathway demonstrated marked upregulation of angiopoietin 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1. Activation of phosphorylation of the signal transducer protein AKT was detected by western blotting. Of the genes related to sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis, the greatest increase in mRNA levels was observed for chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1, an enzyme initiating synthesis of chondroitin sulfate side chains attached to a core protein of aggrecan, which is a predominant disc matrix component. These findings suggest that Neurotropin may activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–AKT pathway and stimulate glycosaminoglycan synthesis through upregulation of expression of mRNA for chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1. Because there was no cytotoxic cellular growth inhibition, Neurotropin treatment might offer an accessible therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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姚 笑, 夏 凡, 唐 外, 周 本. [Effect of Hugan Qingzhi tablets on AMPK pathway activation and NF-κB-p65 protein expression in the liver of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:56-62. [PMID: 28109099 PMCID: PMC6765763 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Hugan Qingzhi tablets on lipid metabolism and inflammation in rats fed on high-fat diet and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely HFD group (with high-fat diet and distilled water), control group (with normal diet and distilled water), fenofibrate group (with high-fat diet and treatment with 0.1 g<kg fenofibrate suspension), and low-, moderate- and high-dose Hugan Qingzhi tablet groups (with high-fat diet and treatment with 0.54, 1.08, and 2.16 g<kg Hugan Qingzhi suspension). After daily corresponding treatments for 12 weeks, the histological changes in the liver were observed with HE staining. The serum levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the levels of TG and CHOL in the hepatic tissue were assayed. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were detected with enzyme-linked immunoassay, and p-AMPK, SREBP-1c, FASN and NF-αB-p65 expression levels in the liver were determined with qRT-PCR or Western blotting. RESULTS At high and moderate doses, Hugan Qingzhi effectively decreased the levels of ALT, AST, TG and CHOL levels in the serum, lowered the hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, enhanced p-AMPK, and reduced the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN and Ac-NF-αB-p65 in the liver of rats fed on high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Hugan Qingzhi tablets alleviates hyperlipidemia and inflammation in rats fed with high-fat diet possibly by activating AMPK pathway and suppress NF-αB activity to arrest the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- 笑睿 姚
- />南方医科大学珠江医院药学部,广东 广州 510282Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 凡 夏
- />南方医科大学珠江医院药学部,广东 广州 510282Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 外姣 唐
- />南方医科大学珠江医院药学部,广东 广州 510282Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - 本杰 周
- />南方医科大学珠江医院药学部,广东 广州 510282Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. Hepatocyte steatosis is a component of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Hepatic steatosis may be benign or progress to hepatocyte injury and the initiation of inflammation, which activates immune cells. While Kupffer cells are the resident macrophage in the liver, inflammatory cells such as infiltrating macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and DCs all contribute to liver inflammation. The inflammatory cells activate hepatic stellate cells, which are the major source of myofibroblasts in the liver. Here we review the initiation of inflammation in the liver, the liver inflammatory cells, and their crosstalk with myofibroblasts.
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Lee JH, Lee HH, Kim HW, Yu JW, Kim KN, Kim KM. Immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of ZOE-based dental materials. Dent Mater 2016; 33:e1-e12. [PMID: 27726970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of extract from zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)-based dental materials during setting using immortalized human dental pulp stem cells (IHDPSCs) and mouse bone marrow monocytes (IMBMMs), and identified the responsible extract component. METHODS In accord with the ISO 10993-12, we extracted a mixture of ZOE cement and sealer after a specified time. The extract was analyzed by two types of mass spectrometry (ICP-MS and GC-MS). Cell viability was evaluated with extract and serial concentrations of ZnCl2, ZnSO4, and eugenol liquid by WST assay. The immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of a ZOE component was determined by RT-PCR to detect the downregulatory effect of inflammatory mRNA expression after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. RESULTS Zn2+ and eugenol (2-20ppm) were detected in the ZOE cement and sealer extracts. During the early stage of setting, significant cytotoxicity was observed in IHDPSCs and IMBMMs (p<0.05). The half maximal effective concentration of Zn2+ was 5-8ppm, whereas that of eugenol could not be detected within 80ppm. After extract treatment, the expression of inflammatory mRNA was significantly lower in inflamed IHDPSCs, but not inflamed IMBMMs, than in the LPS control (p<0.05). However, eugenol, not Zn2+, at 5-20ppm downregulated inflammatory mRNA expression in the inflamed IMBMMs with and without the exchange of LPS-pretreated medium. SIGNIFICANCE ZOE was highly cytotoxic, especially during setting, to both cells due to Zn2+ while the immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of ZOE was induced by eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology, BK 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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ERV enhances spatial learning and prevents the development of infarcts, accompanied by upregulated BDNF in the cortex. Brain Res 2015; 1610:110-23. [PMID: 25842373 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES An anti-allergic and analgesic drug, "an extract derived from the inflamed cutaneous tissue of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (ERV)", has been used in medical practice in Japan and some other countries. We examined the effect of ERV, prior to induction of ischemia, on the development of cerebral infarction, on learning and memory, or on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Following oral administration of ERV (the same in humans: ×1) or vehicle, daily for three consecutive weeks, temporary focal ischemia was induced by the three vessel occlusion technique. In the other group of animals, after daily ERV (Low: ×1; Med: ×3, or High dose: ×9) or vehicle administration for three weeks, we performed a quantitative assessment of spatial learning or intracerebral BDNF levels. RESULTS The volumes of infarcted lesions, brain edema and the extent of the neurological deficits were significantly reduced in the ERV-treated group. ERV treatment also enhanced spatial learning, accompanied by upregulated BDNF in the cortex. CONCLUSIONS Daily oral intake of ERV, at a clinically relevant dose, protects the brain from ischemic stroke, and also enhances the learning function in normal mice. As millions of people are currently taking the drug safely, and have been for many years in some cases, there is a need to test the inhibitory actions of the drug on progressive dementia encountered in humans with recurrent ischemic attacks or Alzheimer's disease.
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