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Ma L, Huo Y, Tang Q, Wang X, Wang W, Wu D, Li Y, Chen L, Wang S, Zhu Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Xu N, Chen L, Yu G, Chen J. Human Breast Milk Exosomal miRNAs are Influenced by Premature Delivery and Affect Neurodevelopment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300113. [PMID: 38644336 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles of term and preterm breast milk, including the most abundant and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and their impact on neurodevelopment in infants. METHODS AND RESULTS Mature milk is collected from the mothers of term and preterm infants. Using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent data analysis, exosomal miRNA profiles of term and preterm human breast milk (HBM) are acquired and it is found that the let-7 and miR-148 families are the most abundant miRNAs. Additionally, 23 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs are identified. MiR-3168 is the most upregulated miRNA in preterm HBM exosome, exhibiting targeting activity toward multiple genes involved in the SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways and playing a crucial role in early neurodevelopment. Additionally, the effects of miR-3168 on neurodevelopment is confirmed and it is determined that it is an essential factor in the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miRNA expression in breast milk exosomes can be influenced by preterm delivery, thereby potentially impacting neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yanyan Huo
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qingyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiulian Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Weiqin Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yicheng Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nanjie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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2
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Scharr M, Hirt B, Neckel PH. Spatial gene expression profile of Wnt-signaling components in the murine enteric nervous system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302488. [PMID: 38322254 PMCID: PMC10846065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wnt-signaling is a key regulator of stem cell homeostasis, extensively studied in the intestinal crypt and other metazoan tissues. Yet, there is hardly any data available on the presence of Wnt-signaling components in the adult enteric nervous system (ENS) in vivo. Methods Therefore, we employed RNAscope HiPlex-assay, a novel and more sensitive in situ hybridization technology. By amplifying target specific signals, this technique enables the detection of low abundance, tightly regulated RNA content as is the case for Wnt-signaling components. Additionally, we compared our data to previously published physiological single cell RNA and RiboTag-based RNA sequencing analyses of enteric gliosis using data-mining approaches. Results Our descriptive analysis shows that several components of the multidi-mensional regulatory network of the Wnt-signaling pathway are present in the murine ENS. The transport and secretion protein for Wnt-ligands Wntless as well as canonical (Wnt3a and Wnt2b) and non-canonical Wnt-ligands (Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Wnt8b and Wnt11) are detectable within submucosal and myenteric plexus. Further, corresponding Frizzled receptors (Fzd1, Fzd3, Fzd6, and Fzd7) and regulatory signaling mediators like R-Spondin/DKK ligands are present in the ENS of the small and large intestine. Further, data mining approaches revealed, that several Wnt-related molecules are expressed by enteric glial cell clusters and are dynamically regulated during the inflammatory manifestation of enteric gliosis. Discussion Our results suggest, that canonical and non-canonical Wnt-signaling has a much broader impact on the mature ENS and its cellular homeostasis in health and inflammation, than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter H. Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Alexander CJ, Hammer JA. An Improved Method for Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:406-421. [PMID: 30729383 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-1007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While mixed primary cerebellar cultures prepared from embryonic tissue have proven valuable for dissecting structure-function relationships in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs), this technique is technically challenging and often yields few cells. Recently, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have been successfully differentiated into PNs, although the published methods are very challenging as well. The focus of this study was to simplify the differentiation of mESCs into PNs. Using a recently described neural differentiation media, we generate monolayers of neural progenitor cells from mESCs and differentiate them into PN precursors using specific extrinsic factors. These PN precursors are then differentiated into mature PNs by co-culturing them with granule neuron (GN) precursors also derived from neural progenitors using different extrinsic factors. The morphology of mESC-derived PNs is indistinguishable from PNs grown in primary culture in terms of gross morphology, spine length, and spine density. Furthermore, mESC-derived PNs express Calbindin D28K, IP3R1, IRBIT, PLCβ4, PSD93, and myosin IIB-B2, all of which are either PN-specific or highly expressed in PNs. Moreover, we show that mESC-derived PNs form synapses with GN-like cells as in primary culture, express proteins driven by the PN-specific promoter Pcp2/L7, and exhibit the defect in spine ER inheritance seen in PNs isolated from dilute-lethal (myosin Va-null) mice when expressing a Pcp2/L7-driven miRNA directed against myosin Va. Finally, we define a novel extracellular matrix formulation that reproducibly yields monolayer cultures conducive for high-resolution imaging. Our improved method for differentiating mESCs into PNs should facilitate the dissection of molecular mechanisms and disease phenotypes in PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Alexander
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Xie Y, Sundström A, Maturi NP, Tan EJ, Marinescu VD, Jarvius M, Tirfing M, Jin C, Chen L, Essand M, Swartling FJ, Nelander S, Jiang Y, Uhrbom L. LGR5 promotes tumorigenicity and invasion of glioblastoma stem-like cells and is a potential therapeutic target for a subset of glioblastoma patients. J Pathol 2019; 247:228-240. [PMID: 30357839 DOI: 10.1002/path.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor which lacks efficient treatment and predictive biomarkers. Expression of the epithelial stem cell marker Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been described in GBM, but its functional role has not been conclusively elucidated. Here, we have investigated the role of LGR5 in a large repository of patient-derived GBM stem cell (GSC) cultures. The consequences of LGR5 overexpression or depletion have been analyzed using in vitro and in vivo methods, which showed that, among those with highest LGR5 expression (LGR5high ), there were two phenotypically distinct groups: one that was dependent on LGR5 for its malignant properties and another that was unaffected by changes in LGR5 expression. The LGR5-responding cultures could be identified by their significantly higher self-renewal capacity as measured by extreme limiting dilution assay (ELDA), and these LGR5high -ELDAhigh cultures were also significantly more malignant and invasive compared to the LGR5high -ELDAlow cultures. This showed that LGR5 expression alone would not be a strict marker of LGR5 responsiveness. In a search for additional biomarkers, we identified LPAR4, CCND2, and OLIG2 that were significantly upregulated in LGR5-responsive GSC cultures, and we found that OLIG2 together with LGR5 were predictive of GSC radiation and drug response. Overall, we show that LGR5 regulates the malignant phenotype in a subset of patient-derived GSC cultures, which supports its potential as a predictive GBM biomarker. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naga P Maturi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E-Jean Tan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Tirfing
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Dai Q, Duan C, Ren W, Li F, Zheng Q, Wang L, Li W, Lu X, Ni W, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wen T, Yu Y, Yu H. Notch Signaling Regulates Lgr5 + Olfactory Epithelium Progenitor/Stem Cell Turnover and Mediates Recovery of Lesioned Olfactory Epithelium in Mouse Model. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1259-1272. [PMID: 29664186 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation in multiple tissues and organs, and is required for tissue maintenance. However, the role of Notch in regulation of olfactory epithelium (OE) progenitor/stem cells to maintain tissue function is still not clear. A recent study reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is expressed in globose basal cells (GBCs) localized in OE. Through lineage tracing in vivo, we found that Lgr5+ cells act as progenitor/stem cells in OE. The generation of daughter cells from Lgr5+ progenitor/stem cells is delicately regulated by the Notch signaling pathway, which not only controls the proliferation of Lgr5+ cells and their immediate progenies but also affects their subsequent terminal differentiation. In conditionally cultured OE organoids in vitro, inhibition of Notch signaling promotes neuronal differentiation. Besides, OE lesion through methimazole administration in mice induces generation of more Notch1+ cells in the horizontal basal cell (HBC) layer, and organoids derived from lesioned OE possesses more proliferative Notch1+ HBCs. In summary, we concluded that Notch signaling regulates Lgr5+ GBCs by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation as well as maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis in normal OE. Meanwhile, Notch1 also marks HBCs in lesioned OE and Notch1+ HBCs are transiently present in OE after injury. This implies that Notch1+ cells in OE may have dual roles, functioning as GBCs in early development of OE and HBCs in restoring the lesioned OE. Stem Cells 2018;36:1259-1272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Leung C, Tan SH, Barker N. Recent Advances in Lgr5 + Stem Cell Research. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:380-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Expression of Bona Fide Epithelial Stem Cell Marker in Postmitotic Olfactory Bulb Neurons Suggest Novel Roles for Wnt Signaling in the Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2920-2922. [PMID: 29563240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3295-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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The Stem Cell Marker Lgr5 Defines a Subset of Postmitotic Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9403-9414. [PMID: 28847812 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0500-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lgr5, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5, is a bona fide biomarker for stem cells in multiple tissues. Lgr5 is also expressed in the brain, but the identities and properties of these Lgr5+ cells are still elusive. Using an Lgr5-EGFP reporter mouse line, we found that, from early development to adulthood, Lgr5 is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB), an area with ongoing neurogenesis. Immunostaining with stem cell, glial, and neuronal markers reveals that Lgr5 does not label stem cells in the OB but instead labels a heterogeneous population of neurons with preference in certain subtypes. Patch-clamp recordings in OB slices reveal that Lgr5-EGFP+ cells fire action potentials and display spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic events, indicating that these neurons are integrated into OB circuits. Interestingly, R-spondin 3, a potential ligand of Lgr5, is also expressed in the adult OB. Collectively, our data indicate that Lgr5-expressing cells in the OB are fully differentiated neurons and imply distinct roles of Lgr5 and its ligand in postmitotic cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) is a bona fide stem cell marker in many body organs. Here we report that Lgr5 is also highly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB), the first relay station in the brain for processing odor information and one of the few neural structures that undergo continuous neurogenesis. Surprisingly, Lgr5 is not expressed in the OB stem cells, but instead in a few subtypes of terminally differentiated neurons, which are incorporated into the OB circuit. This study reveals that Lgr5+ cells in the brain represent a nonstem cell lineage, implying distinct roles of Lgr5 in postmitotic neurons.
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9
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Miller TE, Liau BB, Wallace LC, Morton AR, Xie Q, Dixit D, Factor DC, Kim LJY, Morrow JJ, Wu Q, Mack SC, Hubert CG, Gillespie SM, Flavahan WA, Hoffmann T, Thummalapalli R, Hemann MT, Paddison PJ, Horbinski CM, Zuber J, Scacheri PC, Bernstein BE, Tesar PJ, Rich JN. Transcription elongation factors represent in vivo cancer dependencies in glioblastoma. Nature 2017; 547:355-359. [PMID: 28678782 PMCID: PMC5896562 DOI: 10.1038/nature23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a universally lethal cancer with a median survival time of approximately 15 months. Despite substantial efforts to define druggable targets, there are no therapeutic options that notably extend the lifespan of patients with glioblastoma. While previous work has largely focused on in vitro cellular models, here we demonstrate a more physiologically relevant approach to target discovery in glioblastoma. We adapted pooled RNA interference (RNAi) screening technology for use in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models, creating a high-throughput negative-selection screening platform in a functional in vivo tumour microenvironment. Using this approach, we performed parallel in vivo and in vitro screens and discovered that the chromatin and transcriptional regulators needed for cell survival in vivo are non-overlapping with those required in vitro. We identified transcription pause-release and elongation factors as one set of in vivo-specific cancer dependencies, and determined that these factors are necessary for enhancer-mediated transcriptional adaptations that enable cells to survive the tumour microenvironment. Our lead hit, JMJD6, mediates the upregulation of in vivo stress and stimulus response pathways through enhancer-mediated transcriptional pause-release, promoting cell survival specifically in vivo. Targeting JMJD6 or other identified elongation factors extends survival in orthotopic xenograft mouse models, suggesting that targeting transcription elongation machinery may be an effective therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. More broadly, this study demonstrates the power of in vivo phenotypic screening to identify new classes of 'cancer dependencies' not identified by previous in vitro approaches, and could supply new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Brian B Liau
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - James J Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60615, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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10
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Żak M, van Oort T, Hendriksen FG, Garcia MI, Vassart G, Grolman W. LGR4 and LGR5 Regulate Hair Cell Differentiation in the Sensory Epithelium of the Developing Mouse Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:186. [PMID: 27559308 PMCID: PMC4988241 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing cochlea, Wnt/β-catenin signaling positively regulates the proliferation of precursors and promotes the formation of hair cells by up-regulating Atoh1 expression. Not much, however, is known about the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity in the cochlea. In multiple tissues, the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is modulated by an interaction between LGR receptors and their ligands from the R-spondin family. The deficiency in Lgr4 and Lgr5 genes leads to developmental malformations and lethality. Using the Lgr5 knock-in mouse line we show that loss of LGR5 function increases Wnt/β-catenin activity in the embryonic cochlea, resulting in a mild overproduction of inner and outer hair cells (OHC). Supernumerary hair cells are likely formed due to an up-regulation of the “pro-hair cell” transcription factors Atoh1, Nhlh1, and Pou4f3. Using a hypomorphic Lgr4 mouse model we showed a mild overproduction of OHCs in the heterozygous and homozygous Lgr4 mice. The loss of LGR4 function prolonged the proliferation in the mid-basal turn of E13 cochleae, causing an increase in the number of SOX2-positive precursor cells within the pro-sensory domain. The premature differentiation of hair cells progressed in a medial to lateral gradient in Lgr4 deficient embryos. No significant up-regulation of Atoh1 was observed following Lgr4 deletion. Altogether, our findings suggest that LGR4 and LGR5 play an important role in the regulation of hair cell differentiation in the embryonic cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs van Oort
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ferry G Hendriksen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Isabelle Garcia
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Vassart
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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