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Ye T, Ge Y, Jiang X, Song H, Peng C, Liu B. A review of anti-tumour effects of Ganoderma lucidum in gastrointestinal cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:107. [PMID: 37641070 PMCID: PMC10463474 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common cancer in the world and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. Clinically, surgical excision and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods for GI cancer, which is unfortunately accompanied with serious adverse reactions and drug toxicity, bringing irreversible damage to patients and seriously affecting the quality of life. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China. Its bioactive compounds mainly include polysaccharides, triterpenes, and proteins, which have potential anti-tumor activities by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and regulating autophagy. Currently, there is no in-depth review on the anti-tumor effect of G. lucidum in GI cancer. Therefore, this review is an attempt to compile the basic characteristics, anti-GI caner mechanisms, and clinical application of G. lucidum, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the role of G. lucidum in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Technology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Centre, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
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2
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Wang T, Zhang Q, Wang N, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Research Progresses of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3107-3146. [PMID: 33050856 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201013162144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with nearly one million new cases and deaths every year. Owing to the complex pathogenesis, hidden early symptoms, rapidly developing processes, and poor prognosis, the morbidity and mortality of HCC are increasing yearly. With the progress being made in modern medicine, the treatment of HCC is no longer limited to traditional methods. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged to treat advanced and metastatic HCC in recent years. Since Sorafenib is the first molecular targeting drug against angiogenesis, targeted drugs for HCC are continually emerging. Moreover, immunotherapy plays a vital role in clinical trials. In particular, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have received increasing attention in the field of cancer treatment, is a possible research path. Interestingly, these two therapies generally complement each other at some stages of HCC, bringing new hope for patients with advanced HCC. In this paper, we discuss the research progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for HCC in recent years, which will provide a reference for the further development of drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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3
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The Enhancing Effect of Fungal Immunomodulatory Protein-Volvariella Volvacea (FIP-vvo) on Maturation and Function of Mouse Dendritic Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060471. [PMID: 34073762 PMCID: PMC8225060 DOI: 10.3390/life11060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volvariella volvacea, also known as straw mushroom, is a common edible mushroom in Chinese cuisine. It contains many nutrients for human health. A fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) has been isolated from V. volvacea and named FIP-vvo. Although the regulatory effects of many FIPs on immunity have been identified, the impact of FIP-vvo in modulating dendritic cells (DCs), which play a key role to connect the innate and the adaptive immunity, is not known. In this study, we aim to study the effect of FIP-vvo on the DC maturation and function. We found that FIP-vvo slightly increased the generation of CD11c+ bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC). In addition, the surface expression of MHCII was promoted in BMDCs after the treatment of FIP-vvo, suggesting that FIP-vvo induces DC maturation. Furthermore, FIP-vvo enhanced the ability of BMDCs to activate antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. In the in vivo study, the FIP-vvo treatment facilitated T cell response in lymph nodes. Therefore, for the first time, our data demonstrated that FIP-vvo promoted DC maturation and function and suggested that FIP-vvo could have benefits for human health by enhancing immunity.
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4
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Liu H, Qiu F, Wang Y, Liang F, Liang J, Lin C, Liang J, Gong B, Chan S, De Zhang Z, Lai X, Hou S, Dai Z. A recombinant protein rLZ-8, originally extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, ameliorates OVA-induced lung inflammation by regulating Th17/Treg balance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:531-545. [PMID: 32578901 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0420-453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic and inflammatory respiratory diseases, which is estimated to affect 1-10% of the population in different regions across the world. Previous studies have shown that recombinant Ling-Zhi 8 (rLZ-8), an immunoregulatory protein originally extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, plays multiple roles in regulating murine immune cells, including T cells. Here, we examined whether rLZ-8 would ameliorate pulmonary inflammation in a model of asthma-like mice. We found that rLZ-8 significantly inhibited the lung inflammation and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells and eosinophils, in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. It also deceased IL-17A level but increased IL-10 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) while reducing RORγt mRNA expression and enhancing Foxp3 mRNA level in the lung tissue. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that rLZ-8 remarkably down-regulated Th17 cells but upregulated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, rather than influencing Th1 versus Th2 cells. Experiments in vitro also showed that rLZ-8 suppressed murine CD3+ T cell proliferation and reduced the frequency of Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs. Moreover, rIL-8 similarly altered human Th17/Treg generation or their balance in vitro. Finally, we found that rLZ-8 suppressed signaling pathways of both STAT3 and NF-κB (P100/P52) in murine lung tissue as well as cultured T cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that rLZ-8 attenuates pulmonary inflammation through regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells in OVA-induced asthmatic mice and that rLZ-8 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- Shenzhen Fan-Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chengchuan Lin
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Liang
- Shenzhen Fan-Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Boliang Gong
- Shenzhen Fan-Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shamyuen Chan
- Shenzhen Fan-Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhong- De Zhang
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Fan-Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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5
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Yang Y, Yu T, Tang H, Ren Z, Li Q, Jia J, Chen H, Fu J, Ding S, Hao Q, Xu D, Song L, Sun B, Sun F, Pei J. Ganoderma lucidum Immune Modulator Protein rLZ-8 Could Prevent and Reverse Bone Loss in Glucocorticoids-Induced Osteoporosis Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:731. [PMID: 32508652 PMCID: PMC7248554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation has been recognized as an effective anti-osteoporosis strategy since the pivotal role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling in bone metabolism and remodeling was discovered. To investigate the potential preventive and/or therapeutic effects of immune modulator protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) on osteoporosis, the osteoporosis animal model was established in Wistar rats by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (DEX), namely glucocorticoids-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rat model. To investigate the potential preventive effect of rLZ-8 on GIOP, we co-treated the rats with DEX and rLZ-8 intraperitoneally during the GIOP modeling stage and analyze the bone mass measured by bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as levels of phosphorus (Pi), calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxyproline (HOP) in femur of GIOP rats. Consistently, all results suggested that rLZ-8 could prevent bone loss in the femurs of GIOP rats. Through analyzing the trabeculae morphology and the trabeculae amount by H&E staining, we found rLZ-8 could also improve the structural deterioration in femurs of GIOP rats. In order to further verify the results and its mechanism obtained from bone analysis, multiple biomarkers, including minerals metabolism (Pi and Ca2+), bone formation markers (osteocalcin, ALP and IGF-1), bone resorption markers (TRACP5b, CTX-1 and HOP), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), oxidative stress indicators (GSH-px, SOD and MDA) and hormone molecules (testosterone, estradiol, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone) have been detected in serum or urine of rats. Results of these biomarkers in serum or urine confirmed rLZ-8’s protective effect in GIOP. Through analyzing the relative expression level of OPG and RANKL in femurs via western blot, we foundrLZ-8 could increase OPG/RANKL ratio which could impede osteoclastogenesis process. To test the potential therapeutic effect of rLZ-8 on successfully generated GIOP rats, we administrated rLZ-8 to rats for three weeks starting from the ending day of 7 weeks treatment of DEX. We found rLZ-8 could also reverse the bone loss in GIOP rats. Through the BWs and organ coefficient analysis, we found rLZ-8 has little toxicity to the rats. Our results suggested that rLZ-8 may be developed into promising anti-osteoporosis drug with both preventive and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengchen Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Huang D, Fan Q, Liu Z, Zhang S, Huang W, Li H, Liang C, Sun F. An Epitope on EGFR Loading Catastrophic Internalization Serve as a Novel Oncotarget for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E456. [PMID: 32079107 PMCID: PMC7072198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is unknown and EGFR inhibitors have not achieved positive clinical results. The rapid and drastic internalization of EGFR has been proved to successfully treat EGFR inhibitor-resistant patients in recent clinical trials. Here, the anti-tumor efficacy of a protein (rLZ-8) from Ganoderma lucidum was evaluated, it was demonstrated that rLZ-8 could bind to EGFR specifically, drastically enter into Hepatoma cells, abrogate endosomal recycling and induce HCC cell death. Surprisingly, we screened a monoclonal antibody which possesses competitive binding site with rLZ-8, it also trigger catastrophic EGFR internalization. This result suggests that it is necessary to investigate the interface of EGFR and rLZ-8 complex. An internalization related epitope (S222/K269) was identified on the dimerization arm of EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). These results suggest vulnerability of HCC cells to catastrophic EGFR internalization that can be targeted by a novel epitope and point to the possible exploitation in the design of anti-EGFR therapeutic biologics for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshuai Huang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Qingjie Fan
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China;
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongrui Li
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China;
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7
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Hu B, Li H, Guo W, Sun Y, Zhang X, Tang W, Yang L, Xu Y, Tang X, Ding G, Qiu S, Zhou J, Li Y, Fan J, Yang X. Establishment of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient‐derived xenograft platform and its application in biomarker identification. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1606-1617. [PMID: 31310010 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Guo Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Liu‐Xiao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Hui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang‐Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of Education Shanghai People's Republic of China
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8
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Wu JR, You RI, Hu CT, Cheng CC, Rudy R, Wu WS. Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 sustains NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species-c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:40. [PMID: 31387985 PMCID: PMC6684519 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Target therapy aiming at critical molecules within the metastatic signal pathways is essential for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Hic-5 (hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5) which belongs to the paxillin superfamily, can be stimulated by a lot of metastatic factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies implicated Hic-5 cross-talks with the ROS-c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal cascade in a positive feedback manner. In this report, we addressed this issue in a comprehensive manner. By RNA interference and ectopic Hic-5 expression, we demonstrated Hic-5 was essential for activation of NADPH oxidase and ROS generation leading to activation of downstream JNK and c-jun transcription factor. This was initiated by interaction of Hic-5 with the regulator and adaptor of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 and Traf4, respectively, which may further phosphorylate the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2 at Tyr881. On the other hand, promoter activity assay coupled with deletion mapping and site directed mutagenesis strategies demonstrated the distal c-jun and AP4 putative binding regions (943–1126 bp upstream of translational start site) were required for transcriptional activation of Hic-5. Thus Hic-5 was both downstream and upstream of NADPH oxidase-ROS-JNK-c-jun cascade. This signal circuit was essential for regulating the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, such as Snail, Zeb1, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, involved in HCC cell migration and metastasis. Due to the limited expression of Hic-5 in normal tissue, it can be a promising therapeutic target for preventing HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rudy Rudy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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9
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Sun Y, Sun L. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Against Tumor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:79-118. [PMID: 31777015 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer potential of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and its extracts has been widely demonstrated, including antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic, and multidrug resistance reversional activities, involving a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms besides antitumor immunology. Intrinsic- and extrinsic-initiated apoptotic pathway in association with cell cycle arresting, telomerase inhibiting, autophagy, and oxidative stress is involved in the antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive activities of Ganoderma and its extracts. The inhibition of tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and migration by Ganoderma and its extracts involves molecular mechanisms such as AP-1, NF-κB, MMP, cadherin, β-integrin, c-Met, FAK, EMT, and so on. Targeting the major pro-angiogenic stimulus, VEGF, and its receptor contributes to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by Ganoderma and its extracts. Inhibition against the ATP-dependent transmembrane drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of resistant tumor cells to prevent reduction of the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs by pumping out the drugs plays an important role in the activities of Ganoderma and its extracts to reverse tumor cell multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.
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10
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You RI, Wu WS, Cheng CC, Wu JR, Pan SM, Chen CW, Hu CT. Involvement of N-glycan in Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Targeted by Ling-Zhi-8 for Suppressing HCC413 Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010009. [PMID: 30577605 PMCID: PMC6356446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resulted from tumor metastasis. Signaling pathways triggered by deregulated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were the promising therapeutic targets for prevention of HCC progression. However, RTK-based target therapy using conventional kinase-based inhibitors was often hampered by resistances due to compensatory RTKs signaling. Herein, we report that Ling-Zhi-8 (LZ-8), a medicinal peptide from Ganoderma lucidium, was effective in suppressing cell migration of HCC413, by decreasing the amount and activity of various RTKs. These led to the suppression of downstream signaling including phosphorylated JNK, ERK involved in HCC progression. The capability of LZ-8 in targeting multiple RTKs was ascribed to its simultaneous binding to these RTKs. LZ-8 may bind on the N-linked glycan motif of RTKs that is required for their maturation and function. Notably, pretreatment of the N-glycan trimming enzyme PNGase or inhibitors of the mannosidase (N-glycosylation processing enzyme), kifunensine (KIF) and swainsonine (SWN), prevented LZ-8 binding on the aforementioned RTKs and rescued the downstream signaling and cell migration suppressed by LZ-8. Moreover, pretreatment of KIF prevented LZ-8 triggered suppression of tumor growth of HCC413. Our study suggested that a specific type of N-glycan is the potential target for LZ-8 to bind on multiple RTKs for suppressing HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Siou-Mei Pan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Wen Chen
- School of Chinese medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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HGF/c-MET: A Promising Therapeutic Target in the Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113295. [PMID: 30360560 PMCID: PMC6274736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HGF/c-MET pathway is active in the development of digestive system cancers, indicating that inhibition of HGF/c-MET signaling may have therapeutic potential. Various HGF/c-MET signaling inhibitors, mainly c-MET inhibitors, have been tested in clinical trials. The observed efficacy and adverse events of some c-MET inhibitors were not very suitable for treating digestive system cancers. The development of new HGF/c-MET inhibitors in preclinical studies may bring promising treatments and synergistic combination (traditional anticancer drugs and c-MET inhibitors) strategies provided anacceptable safety and tolerability. Insights into miRNA biology and miRNA therapeutics have made miRNAs attractive tools to inhibit HGF/c-MET signaling. Recent reports show that several microRNAs participate in inhibiting HGF/c-MET signaling networks through antagonizing c-MET or HGF in digestive system cancers, and the miRNAs-HGF/c-MET axis plays crucial and novel roles for cancer treatment. In the current review, we will discuss recent findings about inhibitors of HGF/c-MET signaling in treating digestive system cancers, and how miRNAs regulate digestive system cancers via mediating HGF/c-MET pathway.
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12
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Feng Y, Yin Z, Zhang D, Srivastava A, Ling C. Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:251-264. [PMID: 29895243 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180612082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 401 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Zifei Yin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
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13
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Lin CY, Hu CT, Cheng CC, Lee MC, Pan SM, Lin TY, Wu WS. Oxidation of heat shock protein 60 and protein disulfide isomerase activates ERK and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11067-82. [PMID: 26840563 PMCID: PMC4905458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met were frequently deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways activated by HGF-c-Met are promising targets for preventing HCC progression. HGF can induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling for cell adhesion, migration and invasion of tumors including HCC. On the other hand, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), member of mitogen activated kinase, can be activated by ROS for a lot of cellular processes. As expected, HGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and progression of HCC cell HepG2 were suppressed by ROS scavengers. By N-(biotinoyl)-N'-(iodoacetyl)-ethylenediamine (BIAM) labeling method, a lot of cysteine (-SH)-containing proteins with M.W. 50-75 kD were decreased in HepG2 treated with HGF or two other ROS generators, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phenazine methosulfate. These redox sensitive proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Among them, two chaperones, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), were found to be the most common redox sensitive proteins in responding to all three agonists. Affinity blot of BIAM-labeled, immunoprecipitated HSP60 and PDI verified that HGF can decrease the cysteine (-SH) containing HSP60 and PDI. On the other hand, HGF and TPA increased cysteinyl glutathione-containing HSP60, consistent with the decrease of cysteine (-SH)-containing HSP60. Moreover, depletion of HSP60 and PDI or expression of dominant negative mutant of HSP60 with alteration of Cys, effectively prevented HGF-induced ERK phosphorylation and HepG2 migration.In conclusion, the redox sensitive HSP60 and PDI are required for HGF-induced ROS signaling and potential targets for preventing HCC progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Mei Pan
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Yi Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Hu CT, Wu JR, Cheng CC, Wu WS. The Therapeutic Targeting of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Alternative Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9060058. [PMID: 28587113 PMCID: PMC5483877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most devastating cancers worldwide, is due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. Among the metastatic factors in the tumor microenvironment, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been well known to play critical roles in tumor progression, including HCC. Therefore, c-Met is now regarded as the most promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. However, there are still concerns about resistance and the side effects of using conventional inhibitors of c-Met, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, many alternative strategies of c-Met targeting have been emerging. These include targeting the downstream effectors of c-Met, such as hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5), to block the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling for HCC progression. Also, inhibition of endosomal regulators, such as PKCε and GGA3, may perturb the c-Met endosomal signaling for HCC cell migration. On the other hand, many herbal antagonists of c-Met-dependent signaling, such as saponin, resveratrol, and LZ-8, were identified. Taken together, it can be anticipated that more effective and safer c-Met targeting strategies for preventing HCC progression can be established in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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15
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Lin TY, Hsu HY, Sun WH, Wu TH, Tsao SM. Induction of Cbl-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor degradation in Ling Zhi-8 suppressed lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2596-2607. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yi Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Hsin IL, Wang SC, Li JR, Ciou TC, Wu CH, Wu HM, Ko JL. Immunomodulatory proteins FIP-gts and chloroquine induce caspase-independent cell death via autophagy for resensitizing cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1566-1573. [PMID: 27823620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor, is used for malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus therapy. In our previous study, FIP-gts, an immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae, inhibited cell viability in lung cancer cells and urothelial cancer cells. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer. Cisplatin resistance is an important issue in urothelial carcinoma therapy. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of combination treatment with FIP-gts and chloroquine on cytotoxicity to resensitize the cisplatin-resistant cells. METHODS FIP-gts and chloroquine cytotoxicity were determined by evaluating CCK-8 assay. Cell death pathways, ROS and cell cycle arrested were analysed through flow cytometry and Western blot. ShRNA targeting to autophagy-related genes were tested to evaluate their autophagic cell death for resistant urothelial cells. RESULTS Using CCK-8 assay, chloroquine increased FIP-gts-induced cytotoxicity in parental and cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cell lines. On flow cytometry, chloroquine enhanced FIP-gts-mediated sub-G1 accumulation, annexin V positive signal and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Caspase-3/PARP cascade and z-VAD-fmk were performed to prove that FIP-gts and chloroquine induced caspase-independent cell death. Using H2DCFDA staining and flow cytometry, FIP-gts and chloroquine did not induce ROS production. N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, inhibited the cytotoxicity and LC3-II accumulation in FIP-gts and chloroquine-treated N/P cells. To elucidate the role of autophagy in caspase-independent cell death by FIP-gts and chloroquine, LC3 shRNA were used to inhibit autophagy in N/P cells. The capabilities of FIP-gts and chloroquine to induce cytotoxicity and sub-G1 phase accumulation were abolished in autophagy-defective cells. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of FIP-gts in triggering caspase-independent cell death in cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cells. CONCLUSION Chloroquine enhanced FIP-gts-induced autophagy dependent caspase-independent cell death via abundant autophagosome accumulation. Combination treatment with FIP-gts and chloroquine may provide a new strategy for urothelial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chun Ciou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 mediates reactive oxygen species signaling for hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32526-44. [PMID: 26416447 PMCID: PMC4741710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the signaling components involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is the focal adhesion adaptor paxillin. Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), one of the paralogs of paxillin, exhibits many biological functions distinct from paxillin, but may cooperate with paxillin to trigger tumor progression. Screening of Hic-5 in 145 surgical HCCs demonstrated overexpression of Hic-5 correlated well with intra- and extra-hepatic metastasis. Hic-5 highly expressed in the patient derived HCCs with high motility such as HCC329 and HCC353 but not in the HCCs with low motility such as HCC340. Blockade of Hic-5 expression prevented constitutive migration of HCC329 and HCC353 and HGF-induced cell migration of HCC340. HCC329Hic-5(−), HCC353Hic-5(−), HCC372Hic-5(−), the HCCs stably depleted of Hic-5, exhibited reduced motility compared with each HCC expressing Scramble shRNA. Moreover, intra/extrahepatic metastasis of HCC329Hic-5(−) in SCID mice greatly decreased compared with HCC329Scramble. On the other hand, ectopic Hic-5 expression in HCC340 promoted its progression. Constitutive and HGF-induced Hic-5 expression in HCCs were suppressed by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers catalase and dithiotheritol and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. On the contrary, depletion of Hic-5 blocked constitutive and HGF-induced ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation in HCCs. Also, ectopic expression of Hic-5 enhanced ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation. These highlighted that Hic-5 plays a central role in the positive feedback ROS-JNK signal cascade. Finally, the Chinese herbal derived anti-HCC peptide LZ-8 suppressed constitutive Hic-5 expression and JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, Hic-5 mediates ROS-JNK signaling and may serve as a therapeutic target for prevention of HCC progression.
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