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Smandri A, Al-Masawa ME, Hwei NM, Fauzi MB. ECM-derived biomaterials for regulating tissue multicellularity and maturation. iScience 2024; 27:109141. [PMID: 38405613 PMCID: PMC10884934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in developing human-relevant organotypic models led to the building of highly resemblant tissue constructs that hold immense potential for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite the progress in fine-tuning stem cell multilineage differentiation in highly controlled spatiotemporal conditions and hosting microenvironments, 3D models still experience naive and incomplete morphogenesis. In particular, existing systems and induction protocols fail to maintain stem cell long-term potency, induce high tissue-level multicellularity, or drive the maturity of stem cell-derived 3D models to levels seen in their in vivo counterparts. In this review, we highlight the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials in providing stem cell niche-mimicking microenvironment capable of preserving stem cell long-term potency and inducing spatial and region-specific differentiation. We also examine the maturation of different 3D models, including organoids, encapsulated in ECM biomaterials and provide looking-forward perspectives on employing ECM biomaterials in building more innovative, transplantable, and functional organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Smandri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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2
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Li Z, Du Y, Wang X. Pancreatic Lineage Cell Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Acellular Pancreatic Bioscaffold. Pancreas 2022; 51:1411-1426. [PMID: 37099787 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the potential differentiation ability of bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into pancreatic lineage cells on a rat acellular pancreatic bioscaffold (APB) and the effect of differentiated BMSCs in vivo. METHODS The BMSCs were dynamically or statically cultured with or without growth factor in both culture systems. We assessed the cytological behavior and differentiation. We also evaluated the pancreatic fibrosis and pathological scores. RESULTS The proliferation rates of BMSCs were significantly higher in the APB groups. The APB induced BMSCs to express mRNA markers at higher levels. All tested pancreatic functional proteins were also expressed at higher levels in the APB group. The secretion of metabolic enzymes was higher in the APB system. The ultrastructure of BMSCs in the APB group further revealed the morphological characteristics of pancreatic-like cells. For the in vivo study, the pancreatic fibrosis and pathological scores were significantly lower in the differentiated BMSCs group. In addition, in both the in vitro and the in vivo study, growth factor significantly improved proliferation, differentiation, and pancreatic cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS The APB can promote BMSC differentiation toward pancreatic lineage and pancreatic-like phenotypes, giving it the potential for use in pancreatic cell therapies and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Sharma V, Manhas A, Gupta S, Dikshit M, Jagavelu K, Verma RS. Fabrication, characterization and in vivo assessment of cardiogel loaded chitosan patch for myocardial regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:3045-3056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Archana S, Verma RS. Emerging Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Current Status and Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1546-1602. [PMID: 35122226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardium infarction is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related death and its quantum is expected to grow in coming years. Pharmacological intervention has been at the forefront to ameliorate injury-related morbidity and mortality. However, its outcomes are highly skewed. As an alternative, stem cell-based tissue engineering/regenerative medicine has been explored quite extensively to regenerate the damaged myocardium. The therapeutic modality that has been most widely studied both preclinically and clinically is based on adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) delivered to the injured heart. However, there is debate over the mechanistic therapeutic role of MSC in generating functional beating cardiomyocytes. This review intends to emphasize the role and use of MSC in cardiac regenerative therapy (CRT). We have elucidated in detail, the various aspects related to the history and progress of MSC use in cardiac tissue engineering and its multiple strategies to drive cardiomyogenesis. We have further discussed with a focus on the various therapeutic mechanism uncovered in recent times that has a significant role in ameliorating heart-related problems. We reviewed recent and advanced technologies using MSC to develop/create tissue construct for use in cardiac regenerative therapy. Finally, we have provided the latest update on the usage of MSC in clinical trials and discussed the outcome of such studies in realizing the full potential of MSC use in clinical management of cardiac injury as a cellular therapy module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Archana
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang C, Xia D, Li J, Zheng Y, Weng B, Mao H, Mei J, Wu T, Li M, Zhao J. BMSCs and Osteoblast-Engineered ECM Synergetically Promotes Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in an Ectopic Bone Formation Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:818191. [PMID: 35127662 PMCID: PMC8814575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.818191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been extensively used in bone tissue engineering because of their potential to differentiate into multiple cells, secrete paracrine factors, and attenuate immune responses. Biomaterials are essential for the residence and activities of BMSCs after implantation in vivo. Recently, extracellular matrix (ECM) modification with a favorable regenerative microenvironment has been demonstrated to be a promising approach for cellular activities and bone regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of BMSCs combined with cell-engineered ECM scaffolds on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. The ECM scaffolds were generated by osteoblasts on the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) under treatment with calcium (Ca)-enriched medium and icariin (Ic) after decellularization. In a mouse ectopic bone formation model, the SIS scaffolds were demonstrated to reduce the immune response, and lower the levels of immune cells compared with those in the sham group. Ca/Ic-ECM modification inhibited the degradation of the SIS scaffolds in vivo. The generated Ca/Ic-SIS scaffolds ectopically promoted osteogenesis according to the results of micro-CT and histological staining. Moreover, BMSCs on Ca/Ic-SIS further increased the bone volume percentage (BV/TV) and bone density. Moreover, angiogenesis was also enhanced by the Ca/Ic-SIS scaffolds, resulting in the highest levels of neovascularization according to the data ofCD31 staining. In conclusion, osteoblast-engineered ECM under directional induction is a promising strategy to modify biomaterials for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. BMSCs synergetically improve the properties of ECM constructs, which may contribute to the repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Orthopedic Department, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bowen Weng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haijiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Mei
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mei Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Li, ; Jiyuan Zhao,
| | - Jiyuan Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Li, ; Jiyuan Zhao,
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Litowczenko J, Woźniak-Budych MJ, Staszak K, Wieszczycka K, Jurga S, Tylkowski B. Milestones and current achievements in development of multifunctional bioscaffolds for medical application. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2412-2438. [PMID: 33553825 PMCID: PMC7847813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, which aims to restore or improve lost tissue function. Despite that TE was introduced more than 20 years ago, innovative and more sophisticated trends and technologies point to new challenges and development. Current challenges involve the demand for multifunctional bioscaffolds which can stimulate tissue regrowth by biochemical curves, biomimetic patterns, active agents and proper cell types. For those purposes especially promising are carefully chosen primary cells or stem cells due to its high proliferative and differentiation potential. This review summarized a variety of recently reported advanced bioscaffolds which present new functions by combining polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive agents and cells depending on its desired application. In particular necessity of study biomaterial-cell interactions with in vitro cell culture models, and studies using animals with in vivo systems were discuss to permit the analysis of full material biocompatibility. Although these bioscaffolds have shown a significant therapeutic effect in nervous, cardiovascular and muscle, tissue engineering, there are still many remaining unsolved challenges for scaffolds improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta J. Woźniak-Budych
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Chemical Technologies Unit, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration: from Differentiation to Cell Delivery. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1666-1694. [PMID: 33954876 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are so far the most widely researched stem cells in clinics and used as an experimental cellular therapy module, particularly in cardiac regeneration and repair. Ever since the discovery of cardiomyogenesis induction in MSCs, a wide variety of differentiation protocols have been extensively used in preclinical models. However, pre differentiated MSC-derived cardiomyocytes have not been used in clinical trials; highlighting discrepancies and limitations in its use as a source of derived cardiomyocytes for transplantation to improve the damaged heart function. Therefore, this review article focuses on the strategies used to derive cardiomyocytes-like cells from MSCs isolated from three widely used tissue sources and their differentiation efficiencies. We have further discussed the role of MSCs in inducing angiogenesis as a cellular precursor to endothelial cells and its secretory aspects including exosomes. We have then discussed the strategies used for delivering cells in the damaged heart and how its retention plays a critical role in the overall outcome of the therapy. We have also conversed about the scope of the local and systemic modes of delivery of MSCs and the application of biomaterials to improve the overall delivery efficacy and function. We have finally discussed the advantages and limitations of cell delivery to the heart and the future scope of MSCs in cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Sharma V, Dash SK, Manhas A, Radhakrishnan J, Jagavelu K, Verma RS. Injectable hydrogel for co-delivery of 5-azacytidine in zein protein nanoparticles with stem cells for cardiac function restoration. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120673. [PMID: 33964338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is major cause of mortality associated with mostly Myocardial infarction (MI). Transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have exhibited potential role in myocardial regeneration. Secretion of immune-modulatory cytokines and various growth factors after transplantation plays significant role in remodelling process of MI region. However, low retention, higher shear stress during administration and rejection at host infarct environment hinders therapeutic efficacy. Myocardial regeneration demands for accurate spatio-temporal delivery of MSCs with supportive vascular network that leads to improvement of cardiac function. In this study, injectable alginate based microporous hydrogel has been used to deliver 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) in zein protein nanoparticle with MSCs for attenuating adverse cardiac remodelling after MI. Zein nanoparticles loaded with 5-Aza were prepared by liquid-liquid dispersion, and it was found that 35% of drug was released in 7 days supported with mathematical modelling. The presence of 5-Aza and zein in developed hydrogel supported in vitro MSC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Significant increased expression of cardiac specific markers, GATA4, MEF2C, MLC, SERCA and NKX2.5 was observed in vitro. 5-Aza loaded protein nanoparticle with MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in rat MI model also exhibited substantial improvement of functional cardiac parameters such as cardiac output and ejection fraction. Histopathological analysis showed reduced fibrosis, attenuated infarct expansion and cardiac tissue restoration and angiogenesis. In brief, we developed nanocarrier-hydrogel system a promising strategy for co-delivering 5-Aza as cardiac differentiation cue with MSCs to achieve higher cell retention and enhanced improvement in myocardial regeneration after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Heat Transfer and Thermal Power, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Amit Manhas
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Janani Radhakrishnan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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9
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Antich C, Jiménez G, Vicente J, López‐Ruiz E, Chocarro‐Wrona C, Griñán‐Lisón C, Carrillo E, Montañez E, Marchal JA. Development of a Biomimetic Hydrogel Based on Predifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived ECM for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001847. [PMID: 33646595 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a biomaterial has been an important step forward for the development of functional tissue constructs. In addition to tissues and organs, cell cultures are gaining a lot of attention as an alternative source of dECM. In this work, a novel biomimetic hydrogel is developed based on dECM obtained from mesenchymal stem cells (mdECM) for cartilage tissue engineering. To this end, cells are seeded under specific culture conditions to generate an early chondrogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) providing cues and elements necessary for cartilage development. The composition is determined by quantitative, histological, and mass spectrometry techniques. Moreover, the decellularization process is evaluated by measuring the DNA content and compositional analyses, and the hydrogel is formulated at different concentrations (3% and 6% w/v). Results show that mdECM derived hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility and suitable physicochemical and mechanical properties for their injectability. Furthermore, it is evidenced that this hydrogel is able to induce chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without supplemental factors and, furthermore, to form hyaline cartilage-like tissue after in vivo implantation. These findings demonstrate for the first time the potential of this hydrogel based on mdECM for applications in cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antich
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Department of Health Science Faculty of Experimental Science University of Jaén Jaén 23071 Spain
| | - Juan Vicente
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Elena López‐Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Department of Health Science Faculty of Experimental Science University of Jaén Jaén 23071 Spain
| | - Carlos Chocarro‐Wrona
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán‐Lisón
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
| | - Esmeralda Carrillo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
| | - Elvira Montañez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital Málaga 29010 Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital Málaga 29010 Spain
| | - Juan A. Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA University of Granada Granada 18014 Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada 18100 Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat) University of Granada Granada 18016 Spain
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Majid QA, Fricker ATR, Gregory DA, Davidenko N, Hernandez Cruz O, Jabbour RJ, Owen TJ, Basnett P, Lukasiewicz B, Stevens M, Best S, Cameron R, Sinha S, Harding SE, Roy I. Natural Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering: A Highly Biocompatible Solution. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:554597. [PMID: 33195451 PMCID: PMC7644890 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.554597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a major fraction of the current major global diseases and lead to about 30% of the deaths, i.e., 17.9 million deaths per year. CVD include coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, heart failure, heart valve diseases, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Tissue Engineering (CTE) aims to address these conditions, the overall goal being the efficient regeneration of diseased cardiac tissue using an ideal combination of biomaterials and cells. Various cells have thus far been utilized in pre-clinical studies for CTE. These include adult stem cell populations (mesenchymal stem cells) and pluripotent stem cells (including autologous human induced pluripotent stem cells or allogenic human embryonic stem cells) with the latter undergoing differentiation to form functional cardiac cells. The ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering needs to have suitable material properties with the ability to support efficient attachment, growth, and differentiation of the cardiac cells, leading to the formation of functional cardiac tissue. In this review, we have focused on the use of biomaterials of natural origin for CTE. Natural biomaterials are generally known to be highly biocompatible and in addition are sustainable in nature. We have focused on those that have been widely explored in CTE and describe the original work and the current state of art. These include fibrinogen (in the context of Engineered Heart Tissue, EHT), collagen, alginate, silk, and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Amongst these, fibrinogen, collagen, alginate, and silk are isolated from natural sources whereas PHAs are produced via bacterial fermentation. Overall, these biomaterials have proven to be highly promising, displaying robust biocompatibility and, when combined with cells, an ability to enhance post-MI cardiac function in pre-clinical models. As such, CTE has great potential for future clinical solutions and hence can lead to a considerable reduction in mortality rates due to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim A. Majid
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle T. R. Fricker
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Gregory
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Davidenko
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Hernandez Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, IBME, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Jabbour
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Owen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Lukasiewicz
- Applied Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, IBME, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Best
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Harding
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Dash SK, Sharma V, Verma RS, Das SK. Low intermittent flow promotes rat mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in logarithmic fluid shear device. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:054107. [PMID: 33163135 PMCID: PMC7595746 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are an ideal candidate for bone tissue engineering due to their osteogenic potential. Along with chemical, mechanical signals such as fluid shear stress have been found to influence their differentiation characteristics. But the range of fluid shear experienced in vivo is too wide and difficult to generate in a single device. We have designed a microfluidic device that could generate four orders of shear stresses on adherent cells. This was achieved using a unique hydraulic resistance combination and linear optimization to the lesser total length of the circuit, making the device compact and yet generating four logarithmically increasing shear stresses. Numerical simulation depicts that, at an inlet velocity of 160 μl/min, our device generated shear stresses from 1.03 Pa to 1.09 mPa. In this condition, we successfully cultured primary rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in the device for a prolonged period of time in the incubator environment (four days). Higher cell proliferation rate was observed in the intermittent flow at 1.09 mPa. At 10 mPa, both upregulation of osteogenic genes and higher alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. These results suggest that the intermittent shear of the order of 10 mPa can competently enhance osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs compared to static culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kumar Dash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Rama Shankar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Sarit K. Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Maslovaric M, Fatic N, Delević E. State of the art of stem cell therapy for ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Part 2. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 25:7-26. [PMID: 31855197 DOI: 10.33529/angio2019414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Several stem cell types, including cardiac-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, CD34+ and CD133+ stem cells have been used in clinical trials. Clinical effects mostly depend on transdifferentiation and paracrine factors. One important issue is that a low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient's physical conditions, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical conditions remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of modern methods of stem cell delivery, types of stem cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Maslovaric
- Prona-Montenegrin Science Promotion Foundation, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nikola Fatic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Emilija Delević
- Medical Faculty in Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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13
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Bildyug N. Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5054. [PMID: 31614676 PMCID: PMC6834325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes is considered to be a stable system. However, it undergoes strong rearrangements during heart development as cells progress from their non-muscle precursors. Long-term culturing of mature cardiomyocytes is also accompanied by the reorganization of their contractile apparatus with the conversion of typical myofibrils into structures of non-muscle type. Processes of heart development as well as cell adaptation to culture conditions in cardiomyocytes both involve extracellular matrix changes, which appear to be crucial for the maturation of contractile apparatus. The aim of this review is to analyze the role of extracellular matrix in the regulation of contractile system dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Here, the remodeling of actin contractile structures and the expression of actin isoforms in cardiomyocytes during differentiation and adaptation to the culture system are described along with the extracellular matrix alterations. The data supporting the regulation of actin dynamics by extracellular matrix are highlighted and the possible mechanisms of such regulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Bildyug
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
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14
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Kandhasamy S, Arthi N, Arun RP, Verma RS. Synthesis and fabrication of novel quinone-based chromenopyrazole antioxidant-laden silk fibroin nanofibers scaffold for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:773-787. [PMID: 31147050 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is critically attributed for impeding tissue repair and regeneration process. Elimination of over-accumulated, deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be elicited to accelerate healing in tissue engineering applications. Antioxidant biomolecules play a pivotal role in attenuating oxidative stress by neutralizing the free radical effects. Herein, we describe the synthesis and fabrication of novel quinone-based chromenopyrazole (QCP) antioxidant-laden silk fibroin (SF) electrospun nanofiber scaffold (QCP-SF) for tissue engineering applications. The spectral characterization of the synthesized compounds (6a-6h) were analysed by using NMR, FTIR and mass spectra and cell viability study of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated by MTT assay in primary rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). Among the prepared molecules, compound 6h showed an excellent cell viability, and antioxidant efficacy of compound 6h (QCP) was investigated through 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydiazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. QCP expressed high antioxidant activity with IC50% of DPPH scavenging was observed about 5.506 ± 0.2786 μg. Novel QCP laden SF fiber scaffolds (QCP-SF) were characterized and incorporation of QCP did not affect the nanofiber architecture of QCP-SF scaffold. QCP-SF scaffold exhibited an enhanced thermal and mechanical stability when compared to native SF fiber mat. In vitro biocompatibility studies were evaluated using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and rBMSCs. The QCP-SF scaffold displayed an increased cell attachment and proliferation in both cell types. In vitro wound healing study (scratch assay) of QCP-SF scaffold showed an excellent cell migration with NIH 3T3 cells into scratch area and complete cell migration occurred within 24 h. Based on results, we propose that QCP-loaded SF (QCP-SF) nanofibrous scaffolds can serve as a promising potential antioxidant fibrous scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Kandhasamy
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - N Arthi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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15
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Hall ML, Ogle BM. Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Modification as a Therapeutic Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1098:131-150. [PMID: 30238369 PMCID: PMC6584040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) is comprised of proteins and polysaccharides secreted by cardiac cell types, which provide structural and biochemical support to cardiovascular tissue. The roles of cECM proteins and the associated family of cell surface receptor, integrins, have been explored in vivo via the generation of knockout experimental animal models. However, the complexity of tissues makes it difficult to isolate the effects of individual cECM proteins on a particular cell process or disease state. The desire to further dissect the role of cECM has led to the development of a variety of in vitro model systems, which are now being used not only for basic studies but also for testing drug efficacy and toxicity and for generating therapeutic scaffolds. These systems began with 2D coatings of cECM derived from tissue and have developed to include recombinant ECM proteins, ECM fragments, and ECM mimics. Most recently 3D model systems have emerged, made possible by several developing technologies including, and most notably, 3D bioprinting. This chapter will attempt to track the evolution of our understanding of the relationship between cECM and cell behavior from in vivo model to in vitro control systems. We end the chapter with a summary of how basic studies such as these have informed the use of cECM as a direct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla L Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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16
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Paoletti C, Divieto C, Chiono V. Impact of Biomaterials on Differentiation and Reprogramming Approaches for the Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2018; 7:E114. [PMID: 30134618 PMCID: PMC6162411 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) represents one major barrier to heart regeneration and functional recovery. The combination of different cell sources and different biomaterials have been investigated to generate CMs by differentiation or reprogramming approaches although at low efficiency. This critical review article discusses the role of biomaterial platforms integrating biochemical instructive cues as a tool for the effective generation of functional CMs. The report firstly introduces MI and the main cardiac regenerative medicine strategies under investigation. Then, it describes the main stem cell populations and indirect and direct reprogramming approaches for cardiac regenerative medicine. A third section discusses the main techniques for the characterization of stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Another section describes the main biomaterials investigated for stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Finally, a critical analysis of the scientific literature is presented for an efficient generation of functional CMs. The authors underline the need for biomimetic, reproducible and scalable biomaterial platforms and their integration with external physical stimuli in controlled culture microenvironments for the generation of functional CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Carla Divieto
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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17
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Kwon BJ, Wang X, Kang ML, You J, Lee SJ, Kim WS, Yoon YS, Park JC, Sung HJ. Design of Polymeric Culture Substrates to Promote Proangiogenic Potential of Stem Cells. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 29285899 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine due to their differentiation and self-renewal capacities. In the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, a variety of biomedical technologies have been tested to improve proangiogenic activities of stem cells. However, their therapeutic effect is found to be limited in the clinic because of cell loss, senescence, and insufficient therapeutic activities. To address this type of issue, advanced techniques for biomaterial synthesis and fabrication have been approached to mimic proangiogenic microenvironment and to direct proangiogenic activities. This review highlights the types of polymers and design strategies that have been studied to promote proangiogenic activities of stem cells. In particular, scaffolds, hydrogels, and surface topographies, as well as insight into their underlying mechanisms to improve proangiogenic activities are the focuses. The strategy to promote angiogenic activities of hMSCs by controlling substrate repellency is introduced, and the future direction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ju Kwon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xintong Wang
- Revenue Analytics, Inc., Atlanta, GA, 30339, USA
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin You
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Jeong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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18
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Artificial Cardiac Muscle with or without the Use of Scaffolds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8473465. [PMID: 28875152 PMCID: PMC5569873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8473465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, major advances and improvements now promote better treatment options for cardiovascular diseases. However, these diseases still remain the single leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of cardiac tissue engineering has provided the opportunity to potentially restore the contractile function and retain the pumping feature of injured hearts. This conception of cardiac tissue engineering can enable researchers to produce autologous and functional biomaterials which represents a promising technique to benefit patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such an approach will ultimately reshape existing heart transplantation protocols. Notable efforts are accelerating the development of cardiac tissue engineering, particularly to create larger tissue with enhanced functionality. Decellularized scaffolds, polymer synthetics fibrous matrix, and natural materials are used to build robust cardiac tissue scaffolds to imitate the morphological and physiological patterns of natural tissue. This ultimately helps cells to implant properly to obtain endogenous biological capacity. However, newer designs such as the hydrogel scaffold-free matrix can increase the applicability of artificial tissue to engineering strategies. In this review, we summarize all the methods to produce artificial cardiac tissue using scaffold and scaffold-free technology, their advantages and disadvantages, and their relevance to clinical practice.
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19
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Zheng WP, Zhang BY, Shen ZY, Yin ML, Cao Y, Song HL. Biological effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on hepatitis B virus in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2551-2559. [PMID: 28447750 PMCID: PMC5428401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of co‑culturing bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑infected lymphocytes in vitro. BM‑MSCs and lymphocytes from Brown Norway rats were obtained from the bone marrow and spleen, respectively. Rats were divided into the following five experimental groups: Group 1, splenic lymphocytes (SLCs); group 2, HepG2.2.15 cells; group 3, BM‑MSCs + HepG2.2.15 cells; group 4, SLCs + HepG2.2.15 cells; and group 5, SLCs + BM‑MSCs + HepG2.2.15 cells. The viability of lymphocytes and HepG2.2.15 cells was assessed using the MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Levels of supernatant HBV DNA and intracellular HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Supernatant cytokine levels were measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T cell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry using fluorescence‑labeled antibodies. In addition, the HBV genome sequence was analyzed by direct gene sequencing. Levels of HBV DNA and cccDNA in group 5 were lower when compared with those in group 3 or group 4, with a significant difference observed at 48 h. The secretion of interferon‑γ was negatively correlated with the level of HBV DNA, whereas secretion of interleukin (IL)‑10 and IL‑22 were positively correlated with the level of HBV DNA. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with the levels of HBV DNA, and the CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio was negatively correlated with the level of HBV DNA. Almost no mutations in the HBV DNA sequence were detected in HepG2.2.15 cells co‑cultured with BM‑MSCs, SLCs, or in the two types of cells combined. BM‑MSCs inhibited the expression of HBV DNA and enhanced the clearance of HBV, which may have been mediated by the regulation of the Tc1/Tc2 cell balance and the mode of cytokine secretion to modulate cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Ya Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Li Yin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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20
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Jahnavi S, Arthi N, Pallavi S, Selvaraju C, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Kumary TV, Verma RS. Nanosecond laser ablation enhances cellular infiltration in a hybrid tissue scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:190-201. [PMID: 28532021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tissue engineered (HTE) scaffolds constituting polymeric nanofibers and biological tissues have attractive bio-mechanical properties. However, they suffer from small pore size due to dense overlapping nanofibers resulting in poor cellular infiltration. In this study, using nanosecond (ns) laser, we fabricated micro-scale features on Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Chitosan (CH) nanofiber layered bovine pericardium based Bio-Hybrid scaffold to achieve enhanced cellular adhesion and infiltration. The laser energy parameters such as fluence of 25J/cm2, 0.1mm instep and 15 mark time were optimized to get structured microchannels on the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. Laser irradiation time of 40μs along with these parameters resulted in microchannel width of ~50μm and spacing of ~35μm between adjacent lines. The biochemical, thermal, hydrophilic and uniaxial mechanical properties of the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds remained comparable after laser ablation reflecting extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and mouse cardiac fibroblasts seeded on these laser-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds exhibited biocompatibility and increased cellular adhesion in microchannels when compared to non-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. These findings suggest the feasibility to selectively ablate polymer layer in the HTE scaffolds without affecting their bio-mechanical properties and also describe a new approach to enhance cellular infiltration in the HTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahnavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India; Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - N Arthi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - S Pallavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - C Selvaraju
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Sekkizhar Campus, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - G S Bhuvaneshwar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - R S Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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21
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Fakoya AOJ. New Delivery Systems of Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration in Ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 28286751 PMCID: PMC5323391 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The finances of patients and countries are increasingly overwhelmed with the plague of cardiovascular diseases as a result of having to chronically manage the associated complications of ischemia such as heart failures, neurological deficits, chronic limb ulcers, gangrenes, and amputations. Hence, scientific research has sought for alternate therapies since pharmacological and surgical treatments have fallen below expectations in providing the desired quality of life. The advent of stem cells research has raised expectations with respect to vascular regeneration and tissue remodeling, hence assuring the patients of the possibility of an improved quality of life. However, these supposed encouraging results have been short-lived as the retention, survival, and engraftment rates of these cells appear to be inadequate; hence, the long-term beneficial effects of these cells cannot be ascertained. These drawbacks have led to the relentless research into better ways to deliver stem cells or angiogenic factors (which mobilize stem cells) to the regions of interest to facilitate increased retention, survival, engraftment, and regeneration. This review considered methods, such as the use of scaffolds, retrograde coronary delivery, improved combinations, stem cell pretreatment, preconditioning, stem cell exosomes, mannitol, magnet, and ultrasound-enhanced delivery, homing techniques, and stem cell modulation. Furthermore, the study appraised the possibility of a combination therapy of stem cells and macrophages, considering the enormous role macrophages play in repair, remodeling, and angiogenesis.
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22
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Novel approaches toward the generation of bioscaffolds as a potential therapy in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Yang L, Jiang Z, Zhou L, Zhao K, Ma X, Cheng G. Hydrophilic cell-derived extracellular matrix as a niche to promote adhesion and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular matrix exhibits excellent adhesion performance for neural progenitor cell anchoring and residency, resulting in promoted proliferation of the stem cells to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Linhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Keli Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Xun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics
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24
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Li R, Li XM, Chen JR. Clinical efficacy and safety of autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1171-89. [PMID: 27536122 PMCID: PMC4975151 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of stem cells for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant published clinical studies. A computerized search was conducted for randomized controlled trials of stem cell therapy for STEMI. RESULTS Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,938 STEMI patients were included in the present meta-analysis. Stem cell therapy resulted in an improvement in long-term (12 months) left ventricular ejection fraction of 3.15% (95% confidence interval 1.01-5.29, P<0.01). The 3-month to 4-month, 6-month, and 12-month left ventricular end-systolic volume showed favorable results in the stem cell therapy group compared with the control group (P≤0.05). Significant decrease was also observed in left ventricular end-diastolic volume after 3-month to 4-month and 12-month follow-up compared with controls (P<0.05). Wall mean score index was reduced significantly in stem cell therapy group when compared with the control group at 6-month and 12-month follow-up (P=0.01). Moreover, our analysis showed a significant change of 12-month infarct size decrease in STEMI patients treated with stem cells compared with controls (P<0.01). In addition, no significant difference was found between treatment group and control in adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, stem cell therapy is efficacious in the treatment of patients with STEMI, with low rates of adverse events compared with control group patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Baoji City
| | | | - Jun-Rong Chen
- Department of Function, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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25
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Singh A, Singh A, Sen D. Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015). Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27259550 PMCID: PMC4893234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. .,Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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26
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The Clinical Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:135023. [PMID: 26101528 PMCID: PMC4460238 DOI: 10.1155/2015/135023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ICM. Several stem cell types including cardiac-derived stem cells (CSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts (SMs), and CD34(+) and CD 133(+) stem cells have been applied in clinical researches. The clinical effect produced by stem cell administration in ICM mainly depends on the transdifferentiation and paracrine effect. One important issue is that low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells in the infracted myocardium blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ICM mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient's physical condition, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical condition remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of the pros and cons of these transferred cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential. We believe that stem cell translation will be an ideal option for patients following ischemic heart disease in the future.
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