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Drerup C. The behavioural ecology of Sepiolidae (Cephalopoda: Sepiolida): a review. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2022.2107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Drerup
- Marine Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Abstract
Classical evolutionary game theory allows one to analyze the population dynamics of interacting individuals playing different strategies (broadly defined) in a population. To expand the scope of this framework to allow us to examine the evolution of these individuals’ strategies over time, we present the idea of a fitness-generating (G) function. Under this model, we can simultaneously consider population (ecological) and strategy (evolutionary) dynamics. In this paper, we briefly outline the differences between game theory and classical evolutionary game theory. We then introduce the G function framework, deriving the model from fundamental biological principles. We introduce the concept of a G-function species, explain the process of modeling with G functions, and define the conditions for evolutionary stable strategies (ESS). We conclude by presenting expository examples of G function model construction and simulations in the context of predator–prey dynamics and the evolution of drug resistance in cancer.
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3
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Dougherty LR. Meta-analysis shows the evidence for context-dependent mating behaviour is inconsistent or weak across animals. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:862-875. [PMID: 33471386 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals often need to invest significantly in mating behaviour in order to successfully mate. However, the expression of mating behaviour can be costly, especially in unfavourable environments, so animals are expected to adjust their behaviour in a context-dependent way to mitigate these costs. I systematically searched the literature for studies measuring animal mating behaviour (sexual signalling, response to sexual signals or the strength of mate choice) in more than one environment, and used a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to identify environmental factors influencing these behaviours. Across 222 studies, the strength of mate choice was significantly context-dependent, and most strongly influenced by population density, population sex ratio and predation risk. However, the average effect sizes were typically small. The amount of sexual signalling and the strength of response to sexual signals were not significantly related to the environment. Overall, this suggests that the evidence for context-dependent mating behaviour across animals is surprisingly weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Dougherty
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7RB, UK
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4
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Chuard PJC, Grant JWA, Ramnarine IW, Brown GE. Exploring the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis on mate competition in two wild populations of Trinidadian guppies. Behav Processes 2020; 180:104225. [PMID: 32860863 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of mate competition is often influenced by predation pressure. The threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis predicts that prey should precisely adjust their fitness-related activities to the level of perceived acute predation risk and this effect should be stronger under high background risk. Individuals should compensate during periods of moderate risk for lost opportunities during high risk. Our study examined the interaction between acute and background predation risk on mate competition. Under laboratory conditions, we explored the effects of acute risk (low vs. high) using chemical alarm cue (AC; control (results presented in Chuard et al. (2016)) The effects of adult sex ratio on mating competition in male and female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two wild populations. Behav Process 129:1-10), 25 % concentration, and 100 % concentration), and population of origin (low vs. high background risk) on mate competition in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Surprisingly, males favored courtship over forced mating under acute predation risk irrespective of background risk, potentially benefiting from a female preference for bold males. We discuss our results in the context of chemical threat-sensitivity and resource differences in defendability (e.g. mates vs. food).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J C Chuard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - James W A Grant
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Indar W Ramnarine
- Departmentof Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Grant E Brown
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Sato N, Tsuda SI, Nur E Alam M, Sasanami T, Iwata Y, Kusama S, Inamura O, Yoshida MA, Hirohashi N. Rare polyandry and common monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10962. [PMID: 32620906 PMCID: PMC7334199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cephalopods, all species are considered to be polyandrous because of their common life history and reproductive traits reflecting a polyandrous mating system. Contrary to this belief, here we show several lines of evidence for monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans. In this species, females are capable of long-term storage of spermatangia, and of egg spawning even after the complete disappearance of males following the breeding season. The stored spermatangia are distributed equally between bilateral pouches under the female’s neck collar. Such a nonrandom pattern of sperm storage prompted us to hypothesize that females might engage in lifetime monandry. Hence, we genotyped female-stored spermatangia and offspring, and found that in 95% of females (18/19), all the spermatangia had been delivered from a single male and all the embryos in a clutch had been sired by spermatozoa from stored spermatangia. In males, throughout the reproductive season, relative testis mass was much smaller in W. scintillans than in all other cephalopods examined previously. The mean number of male-stored spermatophores was ~ 30, equivalent to only 2.5 matings. Our genetic, demographic and morphometrical data agree with a mathematical model predicting that monogyny is favored when potential mates are scarce. Together, these results suggest mutual monogamy in W. scintillans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyosi Sato
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan.,Department of Fisheries, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka, 424-8610, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Tsuda
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan
| | - Md Nur E Alam
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasanami
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kusama
- Uozu Aquarium, 1390 Sanga, Uozu, Toyama, 937-0857, Japan
| | - Osamu Inamura
- Uozu Aquarium, 1390 Sanga, Uozu, Toyama, 937-0857, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Yoshida
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan
| | - Noritaka Hirohashi
- Oki Marine Biological Station, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane, 685-0024, Japan.
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Sanchez G, Jolly J, Reid A, Sugimoto C, Azama C, Marlétaz F, Simakov O, Rokhsar DS. New bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu islands revealed by molecular and morphological analysis. Commun Biol 2019; 2:465. [PMID: 31840110 PMCID: PMC6906322 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bobtail squid are emerging models for host-microbe interactions, behavior, and development, yet their species diversity and distribution remain poorly characterized. Here, we combine mitochondrial and transcriptome sequences with morphological analysis to describe three species of bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu archipelago, and compare them with related taxa. One Ryukyuan type was previously unknown, and is described here as Euprymna brenneri sp. nov. Another Ryukyuan type is morphologically indistinguishable from Sepiola parva Sasaki, 1913. Molecular analyses, however, place this taxon within the genus Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887, and additional morphological investigation led to formal rediagnosis of Euprymna and reassignment of this species as Euprymna parva comb. nov. While no adults from the third Ryukyuan type were found, sequences from hatchlings suggest a close relationship with E. pardalota Reid, 2011, known from Australia and East Timor. The broadly sampled transcriptomes reported here provide a foundation for future phylogenetic and comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sanchez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Jolly
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Amanda Reid
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, Australia 2010
| | - Chikatoshi Sugimoto
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Chika Azama
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ferdinand Marlétaz
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Life Sciences Addition #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
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7
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Gruber J, Kahn A, Backwell PR. Risks and rewards: balancing costs and benefits of predator avoidance in a fiddler crab. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Branconi R, Wong MYL, Buston PM. Comparison of efficiency of direct observations by scuba diver and indirect observations via video camera for measuring reef-fish behaviour. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:489-497. [PMID: 30719714 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates how the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus, subject of a large number of ecological, evolutionary and behavioural studies, responds to the presence of human observers (effect of scuba diver presence-absence) and how the method of data collection (directly by a scuba diver v. indirectly via video camera) may affect the quality of behavioural data. Scuba diver presence had only subtle effects on fish behaviour. The efficiency of the method of scoring fish behaviour depended on the behaviour under consideration: those behaviours that occur in close proximity to the corals were scored more effectively directly by a scuba diver while those that are performed in a more rapid or repetitive fashion were scored more effectively indirectly via video camera. These results provide a foundation for future behavioural research on D. aruanus and other fishes where scuba divers or video cameras are the prevalent means of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Branconi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian Y L Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sato N, Uchida Y, Takegaki T. The effect of predation risk on post-copulatory sexual selection in the Japanese pygmy squid. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Berec L, Bernhauerová V, Boldin B. Evolution of mate-finding Allee effect in prey. J Theor Biol 2017; 441:9-18. [PMID: 29277599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for mates is often accompanied with conspicuous behaviour or morphology that can be exploited by predators. Here we explore the evolutionary consequences of a trade-off that arises naturally between mate acquisition and risk of predation and study evolution of the rate at which male prey search for mates in a population subject to a mate-finding Allee effect and exposed to either generalist or specialist predators. Since we show that the mate search rate determines the strength of the mate-finding Allee effect, we can alternatively view this as evolution of the mate-finding Allee effect in prey. We contrast two different life histories and find that, predominantly, male prey either evolve towards the maximal mate search rate yielding the weakest possible mate-finding Allee effect (thus showing no adaptive response in mating behaviour to predation risk) or evolutionary bi-stability occurs. In the latter case, males evolve a relatively low mate search rate (hence a relatively strong mate-finding Allee effect, interpreted as an adaptive response of male prey to predation) when initially slow or the maximal mate search rate when initially fast. Disruptive selection does not occur in populations exposed to generalist predators but is possible when predators are specialists. The dimorphic phase, in which fast and conspicuous male prey coexist with slow and cryptic ones, is however but a transient in evolutionary dynamics as one branch goes extinct while the other evolves towards the maximal mate search rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Berec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Department of Ecology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic; Institute of Mathematics and Biomathematics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic. http://www.entu.cas.cz/berec/
| | - Veronika Bernhauerová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Viral Populations and Parthenogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Barbara Boldin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, Koper SI-6000, Slovenia.
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Franklin AM, Stuart-Fox D. Single and multiple mating reduces longevity of female dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica
). J Evol Biol 2017; 30:977-984. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Franklin
- School of Biosciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Biology Department; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - D. Stuart-Fox
- School of Biosciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
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Chuard PJ, Brown GE, Grant JW. The effects of adult sex ratio on mating competition in male and female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two wild populations. Behav Processes 2016; 129:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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