1
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Bacigalupa ZA, Arner EN, Vlach LM, Wolf MM, Brown WA, Krystofiak ES, Ye X, Hongo RA, Landis M, Amason EK, Beckermann KE, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC. HIF-2α expression and metabolic signaling require ACSS2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e164249. [PMID: 38941296 PMCID: PMC11178540 DOI: 10.1172/jci164249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive cancer driven by VHL loss and aberrant HIF-2α signaling. Identifying means to regulate HIF-2α thus has potential therapeutic benefit. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) converts acetate to acetyl-CoA and is associated with poor patient prognosis in ccRCC. Here we tested the effects of ACSS2 on HIF-2α and cancer cell metabolism and growth in ccRCC models and clinical samples. ACSS2 inhibition reduced HIF-2α levels and suppressed ccRCC cell line growth in vitro, in vivo, and in cultures of primary ccRCC patient tumors. This treatment reduced glycolytic signaling, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial integrity, all of which are consistent with loss of HIF-2α. Mechanistically, ACSS2 inhibition decreased chromatin accessibility and HIF-2α expression and stability. While HIF-2α protein levels are widely regulated through pVHL-dependent proteolytic degradation, we identify a potential pVHL-independent pathway of degradation via the E3 ligase MUL1. We show that MUL1 can directly interact with HIF-2α and that overexpression of MUL1 decreased HIF-2α levels in a manner partially dependent on ACSS2. These findings identify multiple mechanisms to regulate HIF-2α stability and ACSS2 inhibition as a strategy to complement HIF-2α-targeted therapies and deplete pathogenically stabilized HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Bacigalupa
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily N. Arner
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | - Evan S. Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | - Rachel A. Hongo
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | - Madelyn Landis
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | | | | | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Pérez-Fernández BA, Calzadilla L, Enrico Bena C, Del Giudice M, Bosia C, Boggiano T, Mulet R. Sodium acetate increases the productivity of HEK293 cells expressing the ECD-Her1 protein in batch cultures: experimental results and metabolic flux analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1335898. [PMID: 38659646 PMCID: PMC11039900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK293) are a popular host for recombinant protein expression and production in the biotechnological industry. This has driven within both, the scientific and the engineering communities, the search for strategies to increase their protein productivity. The present work is inserted into this search exploring the impact of adding sodium acetate (NaAc) into a batch culture of HEK293 cells. We monitored, as a function of time, the cell density, many external metabolites, and the supernatant concentration of the heterologous extra-cellular domain ECD-Her1 protein, a protein used to produce a candidate prostate cancer vaccine. We observed that by adding different concentrations of NaAc (0, 4, 6 and 8 mM), the production of ECD-Her1 protein increases consistently with increasing concentration, whereas the carrying capacity of the medium decreases. To understand these results we exploited a combination of experimental and computational techniques. Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) was used to infer intracellular metabolic fluxes from the concentration of external metabolites. Moreover, we measured independently the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate of the cells. Both approaches support the idea that the addition of NaAc to the culture has a significant impact on the metabolism of the HEK293 cells and that, if properly tuned, enhances the productivity of the heterologous ECD-Her1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ariane Pérez-Fernández
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Carla Bosia
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Mulet
- Group of Complex Systems and Statistical Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, Physics Faculty, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
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3
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Vignoli A, Miolo G, Tenori L, Buonadonna A, Lombardi D, Steffan A, Scalone S, Luchinat C, Corona G. Novel metabolomics-biohumoral biomarkers model for predicting survival of metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. iScience 2023; 26:107678. [PMID: 37752948 PMCID: PMC10518687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignant tumors that are difficult to prognosticate using currently available instruments. Omics sciences could provide more accurate and individualized survival predictions for patients with metastatic STS. In this pilot, hypothesis-generating study, we integrated clinicopathological variables with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) plasma metabolomic and lipoproteomic profiles, capturing both tumor and host characteristics, to identify novel prognostic biomarkers of 2-year survival. Forty-five metastatic STS (mSTS) patients with prevalent leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma histotypes receiving trabectedin treatment were enrolled. A score combining acetate, triglycerides low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-2, and red blood cell count was developed, and it predicts 2-year survival with optimal results in the present cohort (84.4% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity). This score is statistically significant and independent of other prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor grading, tumor histotype, frailty status, and therapy administered. A nomogram based on these 3 biomarkers has been developed to inform the clinical use of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Davide Lombardi
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- GiottoBiotech s.r.l, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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4
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Miller KD, O'Connor S, Pniewski KA, Kannan T, Acosta R, Mirji G, Papp S, Hulse M, Mukha D, Hlavaty SI, Salcido KN, Bertolazzi F, Srikanth YVV, Zhao S, Wellen KE, Shinde RS, Claiborne DT, Kossenkov A, Salvino JM, Schug ZT. Acetate acts as a metabolic immunomodulator by bolstering T-cell effector function and potentiating antitumor immunity in breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1491-1507. [PMID: 37723305 PMCID: PMC10615731 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Acetate metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in many cancers and is controlled by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. While the metabolic role of ACSS2 in cancer is well described, the consequences of blocking tumor acetate metabolism on the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity are unknown. We demonstrate that blocking ACSS2, switches cancer cells from acetate consumers to producers of acetate thereby freeing acetate for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to use as a fuel source. We show that acetate supplementation metabolically bolsters T-cell effector functions and proliferation. Targeting ACSS2 with CRISPR-Cas9 guides or a small-molecule inhibitor promotes an antitumor immune response and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in preclinical breast cancer models. We propose a paradigm for targeting acetate metabolism in cancer in which inhibition of ACSS2 dually acts to impair tumor cell metabolism and potentiate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seamus O'Connor
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A Pniewski
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyes Acosta
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gauri Mirji
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Papp
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Hulse
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabina I Hlavaty
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey N Salcido
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Bertolazzi
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yellamelli V V Srikanth
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul S Shinde
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel T Claiborne
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Missiaen R, Lesner NP, Simon MC. HIF: a master regulator of nutrient availability and metabolic cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112067. [PMID: 36808622 PMCID: PMC10015374 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-dependent regulation of tumor cell metabolism has been thoroughly investigated and covered in reviews. However, there is limited information available regarding HIF-dependent regulation of nutrient fates in tumor and stromal cells. Tumor and stromal cells may generate nutrients necessary for function (metabolic symbiosis) or deplete nutrients resulting in possible competition between tumor cells and immune cells, a result of altered nutrient fates. HIF and nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect stromal and immune cell metabolism in addition to intrinsic tumor cell metabolism. HIF-dependent metabolic regulation will inevitably result in the accumulation or depletion of essential metabolites in the TME. In response, various cell types in the TME will respond to these hypoxia-dependent alterations by activating HIF-dependent transcription to alter nutrient import, export, and utilization. In recent years, the concept of metabolic competition has been proposed for critical substrates, including glucose, lactate, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan. In this review, we discuss how HIF-mediated mechanisms control nutrient sensing and availability in the TME, the competition for nutrients, and the metabolic cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindert Missiaen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Garcia JA, Chen R, Xu M, Comerford SA, Hammer RE, Melton SD, Feagins LA. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling facilitates colon cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282223. [PMID: 36862715 PMCID: PMC9980813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is characterized by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling coordinates essential genetic regulators including acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2), Creb binding protein (Cbp), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α). We previously shown in mice that exogenous acetate augments growth and metastasis of flank tumors derived from fibrosarcoma-derived HT1080 cells in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Colonic epithelial cells are exposed to the highest acetate levels in the body. We reasoned that colon cancer cells, like fibrosarcoma cells, may respond to acetate in a pro-growth manner. In this study, we examine the role of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling in colon cancer. We find that Acss2/HIF-2 signaling is activated by oxygen or glucose deprivation in two human colon cancer-derived cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, and is crucial for colony formation, migration, and invasion in cell culture studies. Flank tumors derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells exhibit augmented growth in mice when supplemented with exogenous acetate in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Finally, Acss2 in human colon cancer samples is most frequently localized in the nucleus, consistent with it having a signaling role. Targeted inhibition of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling may have synergistic effects for some colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shelby D. Melton
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Feagins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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7
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Vasudevan NP, Soni DK, Moffett JR, Krishnan JKS, Appu AP, Ghoshal S, Arun P, Denu JM, Flagg TP, Biswas R, Namboodiri AM. Acss2 Deletion Reveals Functional Versatility via Tissue-Specific Roles in Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3673. [PMID: 36835088 PMCID: PMC9964712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cellular biological processes is regulated in part via metabolic enzymes acting to match cellular metabolism to current conditions. The acetate activating enzyme, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 (Acss2), has long been considered to have a predominantly lipogenic function. More recent evidence suggests that this enzyme has regulatory functions in addition to its role in providing acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis. We used Acss2 knockout mice (Acss2-/-) to further investigate the roles this enzyme plays in three physiologically distinct organ systems that make extensive use of lipid synthesis and storage, including the liver, brain, and adipose tissue. We examined the resulting transcriptomic changes resulting from Acss2 deletion and assessed these changes in relation to fatty acid constitution. We find that loss of Acss2 leads to dysregulation of numerous canonical signaling pathways, upstream transcriptional regulatory molecules, cellular processes, and biological functions, which were distinct in the liver, brain, and mesenteric adipose tissues. The detected organ-specific transcriptional regulatory patterns reflect the complementary functional roles of these organ systems within the context of systemic physiology. While alterations in transcriptional states were evident, the loss of Acss2 resulted in few changes in fatty acid constitution in all three organ systems. Overall, we demonstrate that Acss2 loss institutes organ-specific transcriptional regulatory patterns reflecting the complementary functional roles of these organ systems. Collectively, these findings provide further confirmation that Acss2 regulates key transcription factors and pathways under well-fed, non-stressed conditions and acts as a transcriptional regulatory enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Puthillathu Vasudevan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dharmendra K. Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jishnu K. S. Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sarani Ghoshal
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas P. Flagg
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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8
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Nakahara R, Maeda K, Aki S, Osawa T. Metabolic adaptations of cancer in extreme tumor microenvironments. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1200-1207. [PMID: 36630222 PMCID: PMC10067430 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly heterogeneous to adapt to extreme tumor microenvironments (TMEs). TMEs challenge cancer cells via hypoxia, nutrition starvation, and acidic pH, promoting invasion and metastasis concomitant with genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations. Metabolic adaptation to an extreme TME could allow cancer cells to evade cell death and immune responses, as well as resulting in drug resistance, recurrence, and poor patient prognosis. Therefore, elucidation of the metabolic adaptation of malignant cancer cells within TMEs is necessary, however, most are still elusive. Recently, adaptation of cancer cells within the TME can be analyzed via cell-cell interactions at the single-cell level. In addition, information into organelle-organelle interactions has recently been obtained. These cell-cell, and organelle-organelle interactions demonstrate the potential as new cancer therapy targets, as they play essential roles in the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to the TME. In this manuscript, we review (1) metabolic adaptations within tumor microenvironments through (2) cell-to-cell, and (3) organelle-organelle metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakahara
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Aki
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Li X, Zhou C, Qiu C, Li W, Yu Q, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ren L, Huang X, Zhou Q. A cholesterogenic gene signature for predicting the prognosis of young breast cancer patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13922. [PMID: 35999846 PMCID: PMC9393010 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to establish a cholesterogenic gene signature to predict the prognosis of young breast cancer (BC) patients and then verified it using cell line experiments. Methods In the bioinformatic section, transcriptional data and corresponding clinical data of young BC patients (age ≤ 45 years) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for training set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared between tumour tissue (n = 183) and normal tissue (n = 30). By using univariate Cox regression and multi COX regression, a five-cholesterogenic-gene signature was established to predict prognosis. Subgroup analysis and external validations of GSE131769 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were performed to verify the signature. Subsequently, in experiment part, cell experiments were performed to further verify the biological roles of the five cholesterogenic genes in BC. Results In the bioinformatic section, a total of 97 upregulated genes and 124 downregulated cholesterogenic genes were screened as DEGs in the TCGA for training the model. A risk scoring signature contained five cholesterogenic genes (risk score = -1.169 × GRAMD1C -0.992 × NFKBIA + 0.432 × INHBA + 0.261 × CD24 -0.839 × ACSS2) was established, which could differentiate the prognosis of young BC patients between high-risk and low-risk group (<0.001). The prediction value of chelesterogenic gene signature in excellent with AUC was 0.810 in TCGA dataset. Then the prediction value of the signature was verified in GSE131769 with P = 0.033. In experiment part, although the downregulation of CD24, GRAMD1C and ACSS2 did not significantly affect cell viability, NFKBIA downregulation promoted the viability, colony forming ability and invasion capability of BC cells, while INHBA downregulation had the opposite effects. Conclusion The five-cholesterogenic-gene signature had independent prognostic value and robust reliability in predicting the prognosis of young BC patients. The cell experiment results suggested that NFKBIA played a protective role, while INHBA played the pro-cancer role in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chaoran Qiu
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Qihe Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangmen Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ling R, Chen G, Tang X, Liu N, Zhou Y, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2(ACSS2): a review with a focus on metabolism and tumor development. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 35798917 PMCID: PMC9263018 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an important member of the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS) family, can catalyze the conversion of acetate to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Currently, acetyl-CoA is considered an important intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of energy substrates. In addition, nutrients converge through acetyl-CoA into a common metabolic pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Not only does ACSS2 play a crucial role in material energy metabolism, it is also involved in the regulation of various acetylation processes, such as regulation of histone and transcription factor acetylation. ACSS2-mediated regulation of acetylation is related to substance metabolism and tumorigenesis. In mammalian cells, ACSS2 utilizes intracellular acetate to synthesize acetyl-CoA, a step in the process of DNA and histone acetylation. In addition, studies in tumors have shown that cancer cells adapt to the growth conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating or increasing the expression level of ACSS2 under metabolic stress. Therefore, this review mainly outlines the role of ACSS2 in substance metabolism and tumors and provides insights useful for investigating ACSS2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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11
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Liu M, Liu N, Wang J, Fu S, Wang X, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Tumor Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122896. [PMID: 35740562 PMCID: PMC9221533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, which is very important for tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in the nutritional stress microenvironment. Studies have proven that ACSS2 inhibitors can be effective in halting cancer growth and can be combined with other antineoplastic drugs to reduce drug resistance. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of ACSS2-promoting tumor growth from many aspects and the prospect of clinical application of targeted inhibitors. Abstract Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) belongs to a member of the acyl-CoA short-chain synthase family, which can convert acetate in the cytoplasm and nucleus into acetyl-CoA. It has been proven that ACSS2 is highly expressed in glioblastoma, breast cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and other tumors, and is closely related to tumor stage and the overall survival rate of patients. Accumulating studies show that hypoxia and a low serum level induce ACSS2 expression to help tumor cells cope with this nutrient-poor environment. The potential mechanisms are associated with the ability of ACSS2 to promote the synthesis of lipids in the cytoplasm, induce the acetylation of histones in the nucleus, and facilitate the expression of autophagy genes. Novel-specific inhibitors of ACSS2 are developed and confirmed to the effectiveness in pre-clinical tumor models. Targeting ACSS2 may provide novel approaches for tumor treatment. This review summarizes the biological function of ACSS2, its relation to survival and prognosis in different tumors, and how ACSS2 mediates different pathways to promote tumor metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.C.)
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12
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Ferraro R, Ascione F, Dogra P, Cristini V, Guido S, Caserta S. Diffusion‐induced anisotropic cancer invasion: a novel experimental method based on tumour spheroids. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas USA
- Department of Imaging Physics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Stefano Guido
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
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13
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Huo M, Zhang J, Huang W, Wang Y. Interplay Among Metabolism, Epigenetic Modifications, and Gene Expression in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793428. [PMID: 35004688 PMCID: PMC8740611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications and metabolism are two fundamental biological processes. During tumorigenesis and cancer development both epigenetic and metabolic alterations occur and are often intertwined together. Epigenetic modifications contribute to metabolic reprogramming by modifying the transcriptional regulation of metabolic enzymes, which is crucial for glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Metabolites provide substrates for epigenetic modifications, including histone modification (methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation), DNA and RNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Simultaneously, some metabolites can also serve as substrates for nonhistone post-translational modifications that have an impact on the development of tumors. And metabolic enzymes also regulate epigenetic modifications independent of their metabolites. In addition, metabolites produced by gut microbiota influence host metabolism. Understanding the crosstalk among metabolism, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression in cancer may help researchers explore the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and progression to metastasis, thereby provide strategies for the prevention and therapy of cancer. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of the interactions between cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Munir R, Zaidi N. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Under Stress and Its Role in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:81-113. [PMID: 36301492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells are often exposed to oxygen and nutrient deficiency, leading to various changes in their lipid composition and metabolism. These alterations have important therapeutic implications as they affect the cancer cells' survival, membrane dynamics, and therapy response. This chapter provides an overview of recent insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress. We discuss how this metabolic adaptation helps cancer cells thrive in a harsh tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hormone Lab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Cancer Research Centre, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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15
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Robledo-Cadena DX, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Vázquez C, Saavedra E, Vargas-Navarro JL, Blanco-Carpintero BA, Marín-Hernández Á, Jasso-Chávez R, Encalada R, Ruiz-Godoy L, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Moreno-Sánchez R. Acetate Promotes a Differential Energy Metabolic Response in Human HCT 116 and COLO 205 Colon Cancer Cells Impacting Cancer Cell Growth and Invasiveness. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697408. [PMID: 34414111 PMCID: PMC8370060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Under dysbiosis, a gut metabolic disorder, short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) are secreted to the lumen, affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Butyrate and propionate act as CRC growth inhibitors, but they might also serve as carbon source. In turn, the roles of acetate as metabolic fuel and protein acetylation promoter have not been clearly elucidated. To assess whether acetate favors CRC growth through active mitochondrial catabolism, a systematic study evaluating acetate thiokinase (AcK), energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and invasiveness was performed in two CRC cell lines incubated with physiological SCCAs concentrations. In COLO 205, acetate (+glucose) increased the cell density (50%), mitochondrial protein content (3–10 times), 2-OGDH acetylation, and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) flux (36%), whereas glycolysis remained unchanged vs. glucose-cultured cells; the acetate-induced OxPhos activation correlated with a high AcK activity, content, and acetylation (1.5–6-fold). In contrast, acetate showed no effect on HCT116 cell growth, OxPhos, AcK activity, protein content, and acetylation. However, a substantial increment in the HIF-1α content, HIF-1α-glycolytic protein targets (1–2.3 times), and glycolytic flux (64%) was observed. Butyrate and propionate decreased the growth of both CRC cells by impairing OxPhos flux through mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation activation. It is described, for the first time, the role of acetate as metabolic fuel for ATP supply in CRC COLO 205 cells to sustain proliferation, aside from its well-known role as protein epigenetic regulator. The level of AcK determined in COLO 205 cells was similar to that found in human CRC biopsies, showing its potential role as metabolic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | - Luz Ruiz-Godoy
- Banco de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México, Mexico
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16
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Li M, Xian HC, Tang YJ, Liang XH, Tang YL. Fatty acid oxidation: driver of lymph node metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:339. [PMID: 34217300 PMCID: PMC8254237 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the emerging hallmark of cancer metabolism because certain tumor cells preferentially utilize fatty acids for energy. Lymph node metastasis, the most common way of tumor metastasis, is much indispensable for grasping tumor progression, formulating therapy measure and evaluating tumor prognosis. There is a plethora of studies showing different ways how tumor cells metastasize to the lymph nodes, but the role of FAO in lymph node metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding that FAO may enable lymph node metastasis formation. Afterward, it will open innovative possibilities to present a distinct therapy of targeting FAO, the metabolic rewiring of cancer to terminal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Mould RR, Shinjyo N, Bligh SWA, Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Thomas EL, Bell JD. Acetate Induces Growth Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Front Nutr 2021; 8:588466. [PMID: 33937302 PMCID: PMC8081909 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.588466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is one of the main short chain fatty acids produced in the colon when fermentable carbohydrates are digested. It has been shown to affect normal metabolism, modulating mitochondrial function, and fatty acid oxidation. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of acetate on tumorigenesis and cancer metabolism. Here, we investigate the metabolic effects of acetate on colon cancer. HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines were treated with acetate and its effect on mitochondrial proliferation, reactive oxygen species, density, permeability transition pore, cellular bioenergetics, gene expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSS1) and 2 (ACSS2), and lipid levels were investigated. Acetate was found to reduce proliferation of both cell lines under normoxia as well as reducing glycolysis; it was also found to increase both oxygen consumption and ROS levels. Cell death observed was independent of ACSS1/2 expression. Under hypoxic conditions, reduced proliferation was maintained in the HT29 cell line but no longer observed in the HCT116 cell line. ACSS2 expression together with cellular lipid levels was increased in both cell lines under hypoxia which may partly protect cells from the anti-proliferative effects of reversed Warburg effect caused by acetate. The findings from this study suggest that effect of acetate on proliferation is a consequence of its impact on mitochondrial metabolism and during normoxia is independent of ACCS1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliz Sahuri-Arisoylu
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Health Innovation Ecosystem, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys R Mould
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Shinjyo
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - S W Annie Bligh
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alistair V W Nunn
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
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19
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Wang B, Peng YJ, Su X, Zhang C, Nagati JS, Garcia JA, Prabhakar NR. Olfactory receptor 78 regulates erythropoietin and cardiorespiratory responses to hypobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1122-1132. [PMID: 33539264 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00817.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptor (Olfr) 78 is expressed in the carotid bodies (CB) and participates in CB responses to acute hypoxia. Olfr78 is also expressed in the kidney, which is a major site of erythropoietin (Epo) production by hypoxia. The present study examined the role of Olfr78 in cardiorespiratory and renal Epo gene responses to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), simulating low O2 condition experienced at high altitude. Studies were performed on adult, male wild-type (WT) and Olfr78 null mice treated with 18 h of HH (0.4 atmospheres). HH-treated WT mice exhibited increased baseline breathing, augmented hypoxic ventilatory response, elevated blood pressure, and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. These effects were associated with increased baseline CB sensory nerve activity and augmented CB sensory nerve response to subsequent acute hypoxia. In contrast, HH-treated Olfr78 null mice showed an absence of cardiorespiratory and CB sensory nerve responses, suggesting impaired CB-dependent cardiorespiratory adaptations. WT mice responded to HH with activation of the renal Epo gene expression and elevated plasma Epo levels, and these effects were attenuated or absent in Olfr78 null mice. The attenuated Epo activation by HH was accompanied with markedly reduced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α protein and reduced activation of HIF-2 target gene Sod-1 in Olfr78 null mice, suggesting impaired transcriptional activation of HIF-2 contributes to attenuated Epo responses to HH. These results demonstrate a hitherto uncharacterized role for Olfr78 in cardiorespiratory adaptations and renal Epo gene activation by HH such as that experienced at high altitude.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we delineated a previously uncharacterized role for olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), a G-protein-coupled receptor in regulation of erythropoietin and cardiorespiratory responses to hypobaric hypoxia. Our results demonstrate a striking loss of cardiorespiratory adaptations accompanied by an equally striking absence of carotid body sensory nerve responses to hypobaric hypoxia in Olfr78 null mice. We further demonstrate a hitherto uncharacterized role for Olfr78 in erythropoietin activation by hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chongxu Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason S Nagati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Joseph A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Miller KD, Pniewski K, Perry CE, Papp SB, Shaffer JD, Velasco-Silva JN, Casciano JC, Aramburu TM, Srikanth YVV, Cassel J, Skordalakes E, Kossenkov AV, Salvino JM, Schug ZT. Targeting ACSS2 with a Transition-State Mimetic Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1252-1264. [PMID: 33414169 PMCID: PMC8026699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a vitally important and versatile metabolite used for many cellular processes including fatty acid synthesis, ATP production, and protein acetylation. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells upregulate acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that converts acetate to acetyl-CoA, in response to stresses such as low nutrient availability and hypoxia. Stressed cancer cells use ACSS2 as a means to exploit acetate as an alternative nutrient source. Genetic depletion of ACSS2 in tumors inhibits the growth of a wide variety of cancers. However, there are no studies on the use of an ACSS2 inhibitor to block tumor growth. In this study, we synthesized a small-molecule inhibitor that acts as a transition-state mimetic to block ACSS2 activity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of ACSS2 as a single agent impaired breast tumor growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting ACSS2 may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that targeting acetate metabolism through ACSS2 inhibitors has the potential to safely and effectively treat a wide range of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Pniewski
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caroline E Perry
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara B Papp
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua D Shaffer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse N Velasco-Silva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jessica C Casciano
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomas M Aramburu
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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21
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Menendez-Montes I, Escobar B, Gomez MJ, Albendea-Gomez T, Palacios B, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Alonso AV, Ferrarini A, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Ruiz-Cabello J, Vázquez J, Martin-Puig S. Activation of amino acid metabolic program in cardiac HIF1-alpha-deficient mice. iScience 2021; 24:102124. [PMID: 33665549 PMCID: PMC7900219 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIF1-alpha expression defines metabolic compartments in the developing heart, promoting glycolytic program in the compact myocardium and mitochondrial enrichment in the trabeculae. Nonetheless, its role in cardiogenesis is debated. To assess the importance of HIF1-alpha during heart development and the influence of glycolysis in ventricular chamber formation, herein we generated conditional knockout models of Hif1a in Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Hif1a impairs embryonic glycolysis without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation and results in increased mitochondrial number and transient activation of amino acid catabolism together with HIF2α and ATF4 upregulation by E12.5. Hif1a mutants display normal fatty acid oxidation program and do not show cardiac dysfunction in the adulthood. Our results demonstrate that cardiac HIF1 signaling and glycolysis are dispensable for mouse heart development and reveal the metabolic flexibility of the embryonic myocardium to consume amino acids, raising the potential use of alternative metabolic substrates as therapeutic interventions during ischemic events. Loss of cardiac Hif1a does not preclude heart development or cardiac function Embryonic Hif1a-deficient hearts transiently upregulate amino acid catabolism Amino acid catabolism activation sustains heart growth in the absence of glycolysis HIF2α and ATF4 are transiently upregulated in the developing heart upon Hif1a loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Gomez
- Bioinformatics Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Albendea-Gomez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Palacios
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vanessa Alonso
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Ferrarini
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesus Vázquez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martin-Puig
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Lu H, Xie Y, Tran L, Lan J, Yang Y, Murugan NL, Wang R, Wang YJ, Semenza GL. Chemotherapy-induced S100A10 recruits KDM6A to facilitate OCT4-mediated breast cancer stemness. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4607-4623. [PMID: 32427586 DOI: 10.1172/jci138577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a critical role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. Chemotherapy induces BCSC specification through increased expression of pluripotency factors, but how their expression is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we delineate a pathway controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that epigenetically activates pluripotency factor gene transcription in response to chemotherapy. Paclitaxel induces HIF-1-dependent expression of S100A10, which forms a complex with ANXA2 that interacts with histone chaperone SPT6 and histone demethylase KDM6A. S100A10, ANXA2, SPT6, and KDM6A are recruited to OCT4 binding sites and KDM6A erases H3K27me3 chromatin marks, facilitating transcription of genes encoding the pluripotency factors NANOG, SOX2, and KLF4, which along with OCT4 are responsible for BCSC specification. Silencing of S100A10, ANXA2, SPT6, or KDM6A expression blocks chemotherapy-induced enrichment of BCSCs, impairs tumor initiation, and increases time to tumor recurrence after chemotherapy is discontinued. Pharmacological inhibition of KDM6A also impairs chemotherapy-induced BCSC enrichment. These results suggest that targeting HIF-1/S100A10-dependent and KDM6A-mediated epigenetic activation of pluripotency factor gene expression in combination with chemotherapy may block BCSC enrichment and improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Lu
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Linh Tran
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
| | - Jie Lan
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Ru Wang
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering
| | | | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Oncology.,Department of Radiation Oncology, and.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Xu D, Shao F, Bian X, Meng Y, Liang T, Lu Z. The Evolving Landscape of Noncanonical Functions of Metabolic Enzymes in Cancer and Other Pathologies. Cell Metab 2021; 33:33-50. [PMID: 33406403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Key pathological, including oncogenic, signaling pathways regulate the canonical functions of metabolic enzymes that serve the cellular metabolic needs. Importantly, these signaling pathways also confer a large number of metabolic enzymes to have noncanonical or nonmetabolic functions that are referred to as "moonlighting" functions. In this review, we highlight how aberrantly regulated metabolic enzymes with such activities play critical roles in the governing of a wide spectrum of instrumental cellular activities, including gene expression, cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, thereby promoting the pathologic progression of disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Fei Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xueli Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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24
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Moffett JR, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AM. Acetate Revisited: A Key Biomolecule at the Nexus of Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Oncogenesis - Part 2: Acetate and ACSS2 in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580171. [PMID: 33304273 PMCID: PMC7693462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate, the shortest chain fatty acid, has been implicated in providing health benefits whether it is derived from the diet or is generated from microbial fermentation of fiber in the gut. These health benefits range widely from improved cardiac function to enhanced red blood cell generation and memory formation. Understanding how acetate could influence so many disparate biological functions is now an area of intensive research. Protein acetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and increased systemic acetate strongly drives protein acetylation. By virtue of acetylation impacting the activity of virtually every class of protein, acetate driven alterations in signaling and gene transcription have been associated with several common human diseases, including cancer. In part 2 of this review, we will focus on some of the roles that acetate plays in health and human disease. The acetate-activating enzyme acyl-CoA short-chain synthetase family member 2 (ACSS2) will be a major part of that focus due to its role in targeted protein acetylation reactions that can regulate central metabolism and stress responses. ACSS2 is the only known enzyme that can recycle acetate derived from deacetylation reactions in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, including both protein and metabolite deacetylation reactions. As such, ACSS2 can recycle acetate derived from histone deacetylase reactions as well as protein deacetylation reactions mediated by sirtuins, among many others. Notably, ACSS2 can activate acetate released from acetylated metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the most concentrated acetylated metabolite in the human brain. NAA has been associated with the metabolic reprograming of cancer cells, where ACSS2 also plays a role. Here, we discuss the context-specific roles that acetate can play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane M. Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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25
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Yelek C, Mignion L, Joudiou N, Terrasi R, Gourgue F, Van Hul M, Delzenne N, Gallez B, Corbet C, Muccioli GG, Feron O, Cani PD, Jordan BF. Acetate: Friend or foe against breast tumour growth in the context of obesity? J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14195-14204. [PMID: 33107196 PMCID: PMC7753876 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is reported as a regulator of fat mass but also as lipogenic source for cancer cells. Breast cancer is surrounded by adipose tissue and has been associated with obesity. However, whether acetate contributes to cancer cell metabolism as lipogenic substrate and/or by changing fat storage and eventually obesity‐induced breast cancer progression remains unknown. Therefore, we studied the contribution of acetate to breast cancer metabolism and progression. In vitro, we found that acetate is not a bioenergetic substrate under normoxia and did not result in a significant change of growth. However, by using lipidomic approaches, we discovered that acetate changes the lipid profiles of the cells under hypoxia. Moreover, while mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) developed bigger tumours than their lean counterparts, exogenous acetate supplementation leads to a complete abolishment of fat mass gain without reverting the HFD‐induced obesity‐driven tumour progression. In conclusion, although acetate protects against diet‐induced obesity, our data suggest that it is not affecting HFD‐driven tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Yelek
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear & Electron Spin Technologies Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romano Terrasi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Gourgue
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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RNA-Seq Study of Hepatic Response of Yellow-Feather Chickens to Acute Heat Stress. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The yellow-feather broiler is a popular poultry breed in Asia, particularly in China. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (deGs) in the liver of yellow-feather broilers that had been subjected to acute heat stress treatment (38±1°C for 4 h, recovery 2 h) and determine the response of the liver to high temperature and its effects on yellow-feather broiler physiology. We found that the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate of yellow-feather chickens were significantly increased immediately after the initiation of acute heat stress (38°c) treatment. And after recovery for 2 h, there was no difference in the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate between the acute heat stress and control groups. A total of 834 DEGs were observed in response to heat stress by RNA-seq. Almost half of the DEGs were involved in the lipid and energy metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism (ACOX1, ACACA, ACSL1, ACSL6, ACAA1, ACAA2, HADHB, and FASN) and propanoate metabolism (ACSS2, ALDH2, ACACA, DLAT, ALDH7A1, MDH1, ME1, ABAT, SUCLG2, and ACSS3). Our findings provide the context for RNA-seq studies in the liver of yellow-feather chickens and suggest that the liver of yellow-feather broilers has the lipid and energy metabolism physiological mechanisms activated in response to heat stress.
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27
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Korshunov DA, Kondakova IV, Shashova EE. Modern Perspective on Metabolic Reprogramming in Malignant Neoplasms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1129-1142. [PMID: 31694509 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791910002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the central features of transformed cells. Elucidation of interactions between oncogenic signaling and cell metabolic processes has become the basis for extensive studies of metabolism reprogramming in tumor tissue. The review summarizes the key results of studies on the catabolic and anabolic rearrangements in tumor cells with special emphasis on carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and acetate metabolism determining the cancer phenotype of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Korshunov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.
| | - I V Kondakova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - E E Shashova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
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28
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Nagati JS, Xu M, Garcia T, Comerford SA, Hammer RE, Garcia JA. A substitution mutation in a conserved domain of mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 results in destabilized protein and impaired HIF-2 signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225105. [PMID: 31725783 PMCID: PMC6855420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to environmental stresses by eukaryotic organisms includes activation of protective biological mechanisms, orchestrated in part by transcriptional regulators. The tri-member Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) family of DNA-binding transcription factors include HIF-2, which is activated under conditions of oxygen or glucose deprivation. Although oxygen-dependent protein degradation is a key mechanism by which HIF-1 and HIF-2 activity is regulated, HIF-2 is also influenced substantially by the coupled action of acetylation and deacetylation. The acetylation/deacetylation process that HIF-2 undergoes employs a specific acetyltransferase and deacetylase. Likewise, the supply of the acetyl donor, acetyl CoA, used for HIF-2 acetylation originates from a specific acetyl CoA generator, acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2). Although Acss2 is predominantly cytosolic, a subset of the Acss2 cellular pool is enriched in the nucleus following oxygen or glucose deprivation. Prevention of nuclear localization by a directed mutation in a putative nuclear localization signal in Acss2 abrogates HIF-2 acetylation and blunts HIF-2 dependent signaling as well as flank tumor growth for knockdown/rescue cancer cells expressing ectopic Acss2. In this study, we report generation of a novel mouse strain using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis that express this mutant Acss2 allele in the mouse germline. The homozygous mutant mice have impaired induction of the canonical HIF-2 target gene erythropoietin and blunted recovery from acute anemia. Surprisingly, Acss2 protein levels are dramatically reduced in these mutant mice. Functional studies investigating the basis for this phenotype reveal multiple protein instability domains in the Acss2 carboxy terminus. The findings described herein may be of relevance in the regulation of native Acss2 protein as well as for humans carrying missense mutations in these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Nagati
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Trent Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Research, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Regulation of chromatin and gene expression by metabolic enzymes and metabolites. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:563-578. [PMID: 29930302 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism and gene expression, which are two fundamental biological processes that are essential to all living organisms, reciprocally regulate each other to maintain homeostasis and regulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. Metabolism feeds into the regulation of gene expression via metabolic enzymes and metabolites, which can modulate chromatin directly or indirectly - through regulation of the activity of chromatin trans-acting proteins, including histone-modifying enzymes, chromatin-remodelling complexes and transcription regulators. Deregulation of these metabolic activities has been implicated in human diseases, prominently including cancer.
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30
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Killen MJ, Giorgi-Coll S, Helmy A, Hutchinson PJ, Carpenter KL. Metabolism and inflammation: implications for traumatic brain injury therapeutics. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:227-242. [PMID: 30848963 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1582332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young people, affecting 69 million people annually, worldwide. The initial trauma disrupts brain homeostasis resulting in metabolic dysfunction and an inflammatory cascade, which can then promote further neurodegenerative effects for months or years, as a 'secondary' injury. Effective targeting of the cerebral inflammatory system is challenging due to its complex, pleiotropic nature. Cell metabolism plays a key role in many diseases, and increased disturbance in the TBI metabolic state is associated with poorer patient outcomes. Investigating critical metabolic pathways, and their links to inflammation, can potentially identify supplements which alter the brain's long-term response to TBI and improve recovery. Areas covered: The authors provide an overview of literature on metabolism and inflammation following TBI, and from relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies, propose therapeutic strategies. Expert opinion: There is still no specific active drug treatment for TBI. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory states have been reported after TBI and appear linked. Understanding more about abnormal cerebral metabolism following TBI, and its relationship with cerebral inflammation, will provide essential information for designing therapies, with implications for neurocritical care and for alleviating long-term disability and neurodegeneration in post-TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Killen
- a Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Susan Giorgi-Coll
- a Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- a Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Peter Ja Hutchinson
- a Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,b Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Keri Lh Carpenter
- a Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,b Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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31
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Huangyang P, Simon MC. Hidden features: exploring the non-canonical functions of metabolic enzymes. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/8/dmm033365. [PMID: 29991493 PMCID: PMC6124551 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cellular metabolism has been rigorously revisited over the past decade, especially in the field of cancer research, revealing new insights that expand our understanding of malignancy. Among these insights is the discovery that various metabolic enzymes have surprising activities outside of their established metabolic roles, including in the regulation of gene expression, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Many of these newly identified functions are activated in response to growth factor signaling, nutrient and oxygen availability, and external stress. As such, multifaceted enzymes directly link metabolism to gene transcription and diverse physiological and pathological processes to maintain cell homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of non-canonical functions of multifaceted metabolic enzymes in disease settings, especially cancer, and discuss specific circumstances in which they are employed. We also highlight the important role of subcellular localization in activating these novel functions. Understanding their non-canonical properties should enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Summary: This Review summarizes recent findings about multifaceted metabolic enzymes with non-canonical activities outside their core biochemical functions, and how they may provide new therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Huangyang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Departments of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE. Spatiotemporal Control of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Chromatin Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:61-74. [PMID: 29174173 PMCID: PMC5741483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is sensitive to the availability of metabolites that serve as substrates of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Links between acetyl-CoA metabolism, histone acetylation, and gene regulation have been documented, although how specificity in gene regulation is achieved by a metabolite has been challenging to answer. Recent studies suggest that acetyl-CoA metabolism is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally to elicit responses to nutrient availability and signaling cues. Here we discuss evidence that acetyl-CoA production is differentially regulated in the nucleus and cytosol of mammalian cells. Recent findings indicate that acetyl-CoA availability for site-specific histone acetylation is influenced through post-translational modification of acetyl-CoA-producing enzymes, as well as through dynamic regulation of the nuclear localization and chromatin recruitment of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Isabella Viney
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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Chen R, Xu M, Nagati J, Garcia JA. Coordinate regulation of stress signaling and epigenetic events by Acss2 and HIF-2 in cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190241. [PMID: 29281714 PMCID: PMC5744998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of cancer cells in the harsh tumor microenvironment, characterized by oxygen and glucose deprivation, requires rapid initiation of cytoprotective measures. Metabolites whose levels change during stress are ideal signaling cues, particularly if used in post-translational modifications of stress-responsive signal transducers. In cancer cells exposed to oxygen or glucose deprivation, there is an increase in cellular levels of acetate, a substrate for acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2) that also stimulates translocation of Acss2 from the cytosol to the nucleus. Nuclear, but not cytosolic, Acss2 promotes acetylation of the stress-responsive Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α) subunit by the acetyltransferase/coactivator Creb binding protein (Cbp), a process that facilitates stable Cbp/HIF-2α complex formation. In addition to promoting de novo transcription, Cbp and HIF-2α act in concert to regulate local histone 3 epigenetic marks. Exogenous acetate augments Acss2/HIF-2 dependent cancer growth and metastasis in cell culture and mouse models. Thus, an acetate switch in mammals links nutrient intake and stress signaling with tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason Nagati
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Kondo A, Yamamoto S, Nakaki R, Shimamura T, Hamakubo T, Sakai J, Kodama T, Yoshida T, Aburatani H, Osawa T. Extracellular Acidic pH Activates the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 to Promote Tumor Progression. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2228-2242. [PMID: 28249167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditions of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation, play critical roles in cancer progression. However, the role of acidic extracellular pH in cancer progression is not studied as extensively as that of hypoxia. Here, we show that extracellular acidic pH (pH 6.8) triggered activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by stimulating nuclear translocation and promoter binding to its targets, along with intracellular acidification. Interestingly, inhibition of SREBP2, but not SREBP1, suppressed the upregulation of low pH-induced cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), a direct SREBP2 target, provided a growth advantage to cancer cells under acidic pH. Furthermore, acidic pH-responsive SREBP2 target genes were associated with reduced overall survival of cancer patients. Thus, our findings show that SREBP2 is a key transcriptional regulator of metabolic genes and progression of cancer cells, partly in response to extracellular acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kondo
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; Innovative Technology Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 3-6-6 Asahimachi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yoshida
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 441-8731, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan; The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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35
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Zhao S, Torres A, Henry RA, Trefely S, Wallace M, Lee JV, Carrer A, Sengupta A, Campbell SL, Kuo YM, Frey AJ, Meurs N, Viola JM, Blair IA, Weljie AM, Metallo CM, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Wellen KE. ATP-Citrate Lyase Controls a Glucose-to-Acetate Metabolic Switch. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1037-1052. [PMID: 27760311 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of metabolic flexibility enable cells to survive under stressful conditions and can thwart therapeutic responses. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) plays central roles in energy production, lipid metabolism, and epigenomic modifications. Here, we show that, upon genetic deletion of Acly, the gene coding for ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), cells remain viable and proliferate, although at an impaired rate. In the absence of ACLY, cells upregulate ACSS2 and utilize exogenous acetate to provide acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and histone acetylation. A physiological level of acetate is sufficient for cell viability and abundant acetyl-CoA production, although histone acetylation levels remain low in ACLY-deficient cells unless supplemented with high levels of acetate. ACLY-deficient adipocytes accumulate lipid in vivo, exhibit increased acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production from acetate, and display some differences in fatty acid content and synthesis. Together, these data indicate that engagement of acetate metabolism is a crucial, although partial, mechanism of compensation for ACLY deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - AnnMarie Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alexander J Frey
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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36
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Rexius-Hall ML, Rehman J, Eddington DT. A microfluidic oxygen gradient demonstrates differential activation of the hypoxia-regulated transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:742-750. [PMID: 28840922 PMCID: PMC5603417 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gas-perfused microchannels generated a linear oxygen gradient via diffusion across a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. The device enabled exposure of a single monolayer of cells sharing culture media to a heterogeneous oxygen landscape, thus reflecting the oxygen gradients found at the microscale in the physiological setting and allowing for the real-time exchange of paracrine factors and metabolites between cells exposed to varying oxygen levels. By tuning the distance between two gas supply channels, the slope of the oxygen gradient was controlled. We studied the hypoxic activation of the transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α in human endothelial cells within a spatial linear gradient of oxygen. Quantification of the nuclear to cytosolic ratio of HIF immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the threshold for HIF-1α activation was below 2.5% O2 while HIF-2α was activated throughout the entire linear gradient. We show for the first time HIF-2α is subject to hyproxya, hypoxia by proxy, wherein hypoxic cells activate HIF in close-proximity normoxic cells. These results underscore the differences between HIF-1α and HIF-2α regulation and suggest that a microfluidic oxygen gradient is a novel tool for identifying distinct hypoxic signaling activation and interactions between differentially oxygenated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Rexius-Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David T. Eddington
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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37
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Zhang Q, Lou Y, Zhang J, Fu Q, Wei T, Sun X, Chen Q, Yang J, Bai X, Liang T. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α promotes tumor progression and has crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:119. [PMID: 28705232 PMCID: PMC5512744 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease that is characterized by persistent hypoxia. The roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (hif-2α) are different to those of hif-1α, although both are critical for tumor cells to adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment. However, unlike the well-studied hif-1α, the role of hif-2α in tumors, including pancreatic cancer, is poorly understood. Methods Herein, we used a mutated hif-2α (A530T) to figure out the problem that wild-type hif-2α is quickly degraded which limits the study of its function. Using several cell lines, mouse models, and human tissues, we obtained a general picture of hif-2α in pancreatic cancer progression. Results Functional assays revealed that hif-2α promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, enhances tumor proliferation and invasion, increases stemness, facilitates angiogenesis, and up-regulates aerobic glycolysis. We identified an interaction between hif-2α and β-catenin, and found that hif-2α/β-catenin complex formation increased the activity of β-catenin and the protein stability of hif-2α. In vivo study confirmed the pro-oncogenic role of hif-2α, whose expression correlated with those of E-cadherin, vimentin, Ki-67, and CD31, but not hif-1α. A human tissue study showed that hif-2α was associated with lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, stroma abundance, vascularization and patient survival. High expression of hif-2α was also identified as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Our systematic study revealed the roles of hif-2α in pancreatic cancer, and may provide a novel target for this highly malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihan Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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38
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Dodhia S, Celis K, Aylward A, Cai Y, Fontana ME, Trespalacios A, Hoffman DC, Alfonso HO, Eisig SB, Su GH, Chung WK, Haddad J. ACSS2 gene variant associated with cleft lip and palate in two independent Hispanic populations. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E336-E339. [PMID: 28543373 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS A candidate variant (p.Val496Ala) of the ACSS2 gene (T > C missense, rs59088485 variant at chr20: bp37 33509608) was previously found to consistently segregate with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) in three Honduran families. Objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the frequency of this ACSS2 variant in Honduran unrelated NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls and 2) to investigate the frequency of this variant in Colombian unrelated affected NSCLP patients and unrelated unaffected controls. STUDY DESIGN Case-control studies. METHODS Sanger sequencing of 99 unrelated Honduran NSCLP patients and 215 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls. Sanger sequencing of 230 unrelated Colombian NSCLP patients and 146 unrelated unaffected controls for the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was used to determine the carrier frequency in NSCLP patients and controls. RESULTS In the Honduran population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 4.0 (P = .03), with a carrier frequency of seven of 99 (7.1%) in unrelated affected and four of 215 (1.9%) in unrelated unaffected individuals. In the Colombian population, the odds ratio of having NSCLP among carriers of the p.Val496Ala ACSS2 variant was 2.6 (P = .04), with a carrier frequency of 23 of 230 (10.0%) in unrelated affected and six of 146 (4.1%) in unrelated unaffected individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the role of ACSS2 in NSCLP in two independent Hispanic populations from Honduras and Colombia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 127:E336-E339, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dodhia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Katrina Celis
- John P. Hussman Institute for Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Alana Aylward
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Maria E Fontana
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Alberto Trespalacios
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hernando Moncaleano University Hospital, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - David C Hoffman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, U.S.A
| | - Henry Ostos Alfonso
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, South Colombian University, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Sidney B Eisig
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Gloria H Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.,Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.,Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Xu H, Luo J, Ma G, Zhang X, Yao D, Li M, Loor JJ. Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) is regulated by SREBP-1 and plays a role in fatty acid synthesis in caprine mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1005-1016. [PMID: 28407230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) is well-known as the master regulator of lipogenesis in rodents. Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) plays a key role in lipogenesis by synthesizing acetyl-CoA from acetate for lipogenesis. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to acetyl-CoA, hence, it is also important for lipogenesis. Although ACSS2 function in cancer cells has been elucidated, its essentiality in ruminant mammary lipogenesis is unknown. Furthermore, ACSS2 gene promoter and its regulatory mechanisms have not known. Expression of ACSS2 was high in lipid synthesizing tissues, and its expression increased during lactation compared with non-lactating period. Simultaneous knockdown of both ACSS2 and ACLY by siRNA in primary goat mammary epithelial cells decreased (p < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of genes associated with de novo fatty acid synthesis (FASN, ACACA, SCD1) and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis (DGAT1, DGAT2, GPAM, and AGPAT6). Genes responsible for lipid droplet formation and secretion (PLIN2 and PLIN3) and fatty acid oxidation (ATGL, HSL, ACOX, and CPT1A) all decreased (p < 0.05) after ACSS2 and ACLY knockdown. Total cellular TAG content and lipid droplet formation also decreased. Use of a luciferase reporter assay revealed a direct regulation of ACSS2 by SREBP-1. Furthermore, SREBP-1 interacted with an SRE (SREBP response element) spanning at -475 to -483 bp on the ACSS2 promoter. Taken together, our results revealed a novel pathway that SREBP-1 may regulate fatty acid and TAG synthesis by regulating the expression of ACSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gongzhen Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yao
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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Sun L, Kong Y, Cao M, Zhou H, Li H, Cui Y, Fang F, Zhang W, Li J, Zhu X, Li Q, Song T, Zhang T. Decreased expression of acetyl-CoA synthase 2 promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1338-1346. [PMID: 28387999 PMCID: PMC5497799 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a serious risk that may occur during the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), preventing many patients from being surgical candidates and contributing to poor prognosis. Hypoxia has been proved an important factor of metastasis through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Acetyl‐CoA synthase 2 (ACSS2) provides an acetyl group for the acetylation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐2α, and this epigenetic modification affects the activity of HIF‐2α and the subsequent EMT process. Here, we showed that ACSS2 expression was negatively correlated with HCC malignancy. Knockdown of ACSS2 increased the invasion and migration ability of HCC cells and promoted EMT without increasing the total protein level of HIF‐2α, even in hypoxic conditions. The immunoprecipitation assay revealed downregulated acetylation levels of HIF‐2α after ACSS2 knockdown in hypoxic conditions, which resulted in enhanced HIF‐2α activity. Finally, decreased expression of ACSS2 was found to be related to advanced stage and poor overall survival and disease‐free survival rates in a cohort of patients with HCC. In conclusion, ACSS2 plays an important role in the acetylation process of HIF‐2α, which effectively modifies the activity of HIF‐2α under hypoxic conditions and greatly impacts on the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinlong Kong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Manqing Cao
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikai Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Chen X, Liu X, Li B, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Luo W, Chen J. Cold Inducible RNA Binding Protein Is Involved in Chronic Hypoxia Induced Neuron Apoptosis by Down-Regulating HIF-1α Expression and Regulated By microRNA-23a. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:518-531. [PMID: 28529459 PMCID: PMC5436571 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuron apoptosis mediated by hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in hippocampus is one of the most important factors accounting for the chronic hypobaric hypoxia induced cognitive impairment. As a neuroprotective molecule that is up-regulated in response to various environmental stress, CIRBP was reported to crosstalk with HIF-1α under cellular stress. However, its function under chronic hypobaric hypoxia remains unknown. Objective: In this study, we tried to identify the role of CIRBP in HIF-1α mediated neuron apoptosis under chronic hypobaric hypoxia and find a possible method to maintain its potential neuroprotective in long-term high altitude environmental exposure. Methods: We established a chronic hypobaric hypoxia rat model as well as a tissue culture model where SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1% hypoxia. Based on these models, we measured the expressions of HIF-1α and CIRBP under hypoxia exposure and examined the apoptosis of neurons by TUNEL immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis related proteins. In addition, by establishing HIF-1α shRNA and pEGFP-CIRBP plasmid transfected cells, we confirmed the role of HIF-1α in chronic hypoxia induced neuron apoptosis and identified the influence of CIRBP over-expression upon HIF-1α and neuron apoptosis in the process of exposure. Furthermore, we measured the expression of the reported hypoxia related miRNAs in both models and the influence of miRNAs' over-expression/knock-down upon CIRBP in the process of HIF-1α mediated neuron apoptosis. Results: HIF-1α expression as well as neuron apoptosis was significantly elevated by chronic hypobaric hypoxia both in vivo and in vitro. CIRBP was induced in the early stage of exposure (3d/7d); however as the exposure was prolonged (21d), CIRBP level of the hypoxia group became significantly lower than that of control. In addition, HIF-1α knockdown significantly decreased neuron apoptosis under hypoxia, suggesting HIF-1α may be pro-apoptotic in the process of exposure. CIRBP over-expression significantly suppressed HIF-1α up-regulation in hypoxia and inhibited HIF-1α mediated neuron apoptosis. Interestingly, miR-23a was also induced by hypoxia exposure and showed the same changing tendency with CIRBP (increasing in 3d/7d, decreasing in 21d). In addition, over-expressing miR-23a up-regulated CIRBP, down-regulated HIF-1α and attenuated neuron apoptosis. Conclusion: Cold inducible RNA binding protein is involved in chronic hypoxia induced neuron apoptosis by down-regulating HIF-1α expression, and MiR-23a may be an important tool to maintain CIRBP level and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AMA, Moffett JR. Acetate as a Metabolic and Epigenetic Modifier of Cancer Therapy. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:574-88. [PMID: 26251955 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic networks are significantly altered in neoplastic cells. This altered metabolic program leads to increased glycolysis and lipogenesis and decreased dependence on oxidative phosphorylation and oxygen consumption. Despite their limited mitochondrial respiration, cancer cells, nonetheless, derive sufficient energy from alternative carbon sources and metabolic pathways to maintain cell proliferation. They do so, in part, by utilizing fatty acids, amino acids, ketone bodies, and acetate, in addition to glucose. The alternative pathways used in the metabolism of these carbon sources provide opportunities for therapeutic manipulation. Acetate, in particular, has garnered increased attention in the context of cancer as both an epigenetic regulator of posttranslational protein modification, and as a carbon source for cancer cell biomass accumulation. However, to date, the data have not provided a clear understanding of the precise roles that protein acetylation and acetate oxidation play in carcinogenesis, cancer progression or treatment. This review highlights some of the major issues, discrepancies, and opportunities associated with the manipulation of acetate metabolism and acetylation-based signaling in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aryan M A Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John R Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Recent high-profile reports have reignited an interest in acetate metabolism in cancer. Acetyl-CoA synthetases that catalyse the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA have now been implicated in the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, breast cancer and prostate cancer. In this Review, we discuss how acetate functions as a nutritional source for tumours and as a regulator of cancer cell stress, and how preventing its (re)capture by cancer cells may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Johan Vande Voorde
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism both affect molecular rewiring in cancer cells and facilitate cancer development and progression. However, recent evidence suggests the existence of important bidirectional regulatory mechanisms between metabolic remodelling and the epigenome (specifically methylation and acetylation of histones) in cancer. Most chromatin-modifying enzymes require substrates or cofactors that are intermediates of cell metabolism. Such metabolites, and often the enzymes that produce them, can transfer into the nucleus, directly linking metabolism to nuclear transcription. We discuss how metabolic remodelling can contribute to tumour epigenetic alterations, thereby affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation and/or apoptosis, as well as therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Zhang H, Qiao L, Li X, Wan Y, Yang L, Wang H. Tissue metabolic profiling of lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer assessed by 1H NMR. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3436-3448. [PMID: 27748865 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a decisive prognostic and therapeutic staging factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a malignant tumor. The metabolic profiling of tissue samples from a large cohort of lymph node non‑metastatic CRC patients (n=73), lymph node metastatic CRC patients (n=52) and normal controls (n=41) was performed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) together with multivariate statistical analyses. Excellent separation was obtained between CRC patients and normal controls, and CRC patients were also perfectly classified according to lymph node metastasis. Forty‑two distinguishing metabolites were identified, which revealed disturbance of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism, choline metabolism and amino acids, suggesting that cellular functions in energy production, macromolecular synthesis, oxidative stress and immune escape of cancer cells are affected in CRC. In total, 10 tissue metabolites were significantly disturbed between non‑metastatic and metastatic CRC patients. The present study firstly staged CRC patients by lymph node metastasis by metabolomic approach. The identified metabolites may be associated with the neoplasia, invasion and metastasis of the tumor. The results suggest the promising application of these metabolites in clinical therapy, and further understanding of the related mechanism warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Antibody Medicine, Henan International United Laboratory of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Chengdu Jinkai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Antibody Medicine, Henan International United Laboratory of Antibody Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Cimmino F, Pezone L, Avitabile M, Persano L, Vitale M, Sassi M, Bresolin S, Serafin V, Zambrano N, Scaloni A, Basso G, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Proteomic Alterations in Response to Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α in Normoxic Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3643-3655. [PMID: 27596920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α protein expression in solid tumors promotes stem-like phenotype in cancer stem cells and increases tumorigenic potential in nonstem cancer cells. Recently, we have shown that HIF-1/2α gene expression is correlated to neuroblastoma (NB) poor survival and to undifferentiated tumor state; HIF-2α protein was demonstrated to enhance aggressive features of the disease. In this study, we used proteomic experiments on NB cells to investigate HIF-2α downstream-regulated proteins or pathways with the aim of providing novel therapeutic targets or bad prognosis markers. We verified that pathways mostly altered by HIF-2α perturbation are involved in tumor progression. In particular, HIF-2α induces alteration of central metabolism and splicing control pathways. Simultaneously, WNT, RAS/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT activity or expression are affected and may impact the sensitivity and the intensity of HIF-2α-regulated pathways. Furthermore, genes coding the identified HIF-2α-related markers built a signature able to stratify NB patients with unfavorable outcome. Taken together, our findings underline the relevance of dissecting the downstream effects of a poor survival marker in developing targeted therapy and improving patient stratification. Future prospective studies are needed to translate the use of these data into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Pezone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Verona , 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP , 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Vitale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council , 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova , 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova , 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council , 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università degli Studi di Padova , 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
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Tanaka S, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in chronic kidney disease. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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48
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Rainville N, Jachimowicz E, Wojchowski DM. Targeting EPO and EPO receptor pathways in anemia and dysregulated erythropoiesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:287-301. [PMID: 26419263 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a first-line therapeutic for the anemia of chronic kidney disease, cancer chemotherapy, AIDS (Zidovudine therapy), and lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. However, rhEPO frequently elevates hypertension, is costly, and may affect cancer progression. Potentially high merit therefore exists for defining new targets for anti-anemia agents within erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO receptor (EPOR) regulatory circuits. AREAS COVERED EPO production by renal interstitial fibroblasts is subject to modulation by several regulators of hypoxia-inducible factor 2a (HIF2a) including Iron Response Protein-1, prolyl hydroxylases, and HIF2a acetylases, each of which holds potential as anti-anemia drug targets. The cell surface receptor for EPO (EPOR) preassembles as a homodimer, together with Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), and therefore it remains attractive to develop novel agents that trigger EPOR complex activation (activating antibodies, mimetics, small-molecule agonists). Additionally, certain downstream transducers of EPOR/JAK2 signaling may be druggable, including Erythroferrone (a hepcidin regulator), a cytoprotective Spi2a serpin, and select EPOR-associated protein tyrosine phosphatases. EXPERT OPINION While rhEPO (and biosimilars) are presently important mainstay erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), impetus exists for studies of novel ESAs that fortify HIF2a's effects, act as EPOR agonists, and/or bolster select downstream EPOR pathways to erythroid cell formation. Such agents could lessen rhEPO dosing, side effects, and/or costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rainville
- a 1 Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Molecular Medicine Division , Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Edward Jachimowicz
- a 1 Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Molecular Medicine Division , Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Don M Wojchowski
- a 1 Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Molecular Medicine Division , Scarborough, ME, USA.,b 2 Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA.,c 3 Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center of Excellence in Stem & Progenitor Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Scarborough, ME 04074, USA ; .,d 4 Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
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Correction: The acetate/ACSS2 switch regulates HIF-2 stress signaling in the tumor cell microenvironment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123612. [PMID: 25823015 PMCID: PMC4379096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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