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Moulari B, Pallandre JR, Béduneau A, Borg C, Pellequer Y, Pudlo M. Comparison of a selective STAT3 inhibitor with a dual STAT3/STAT1 inhibitor using a dextran sulfate sodium murine colitis model: new insight into the debate on selectivity. Ann Gastroenterol 2024; 37:333-340. [PMID: 38779644 PMCID: PMC11107407 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2024.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease include antitumor necrosis factor antibodies and the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib, approved for ulcerative colitis. Janus kinase recruits signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STAT), which are promising targets in inflammatory bowel diseases. However few inhibitors have been evaluated, and their selectivity with respect to STAT1 and STAT3 remains controversial. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a selective inhibitor vs. a non-selective, closely related compound, in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine colitis model. Methods Thirty Swiss/CD-1 male mice were used in this study. They were divided into a healthy control group, a colitis-DSS control group, a compound (cpd) 23-treated group, a cpd 46-treated group and an icariin-treated group. For the coadministration experiment with rutin, the cpd 46-treated group and the icariin-treated group were replaced by the oral rutin-treated group and the coadministration rutin/cpd 23-treated group. The effect of the tested inhibitors was also assessed by quantification of proinflammatory markers. Results The selective inhibitor had a significantly greater effect than the dual inhibitor on the disease activity index. We also noticed in curative treatment a significant decrease in the most abundant proinflammatory biomarker present in neutrophilic granulocytes, myeloperoxidase and on proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukins -6 and -23, with a mild synergy with rutin, the glycoside of quercetin. Conclusion The current study shows how STAT3 selective inhibitors can exert a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of experimental DSS-colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moulari
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
| | - Jean-Réné Pallandre
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
| | - Christophe Borg
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center (Christophe Borg), Besançon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
| | - Marc Pudlo
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT (Brice Moulari, Jean-Réné Pallandre, Arnaud Béduneau, Christophe Borg, Yann Pellequer, Marc Pudlo)
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Li C, Yang W, Meng Y, Feng L, Sun L, Li Z, Liu X, Li M. Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in mild cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus: a network pharmacology approach. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2315-2325. [PMID: 37556042 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing year by year. Clinical findings show that Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) can be combined to treat MCI and DM. However, the principle and mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM remain unclear. In this study, to explore the common mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM by using the method of network pharmacology. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) was used to screen the main active components of BXD, as well as to predict and screen its potential targets. Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, GeneCards to select the target proteins of two diseases, and intersecting the drug target and the disease target to obtain the common target of drug diseases, which is imported into cytoscape software to draw the network diagram of "drug components-target diseases" and the interaction network diagram between the common target proteins. According to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, we analyzed the common targets using two methods, gene ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis, as well as studied the interaction mechanism of the two diseases, with the results validated using molecular docking. A total of 267 main active components of BXD were screened, together with the two diseases shared 233 common targets. The top five key targets identified by the topological analysis were TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, and MAPK3. Go enrichment results indicated that it was primarily related to response to drug, extracellular space, enzyme binding, RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding. t KEGG enrichment pathway analysis identified 20 significant pathways, the majority of which are AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in diabetic complications, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and so on. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components of BXD, baicalein, licochalcone a, quercetin, and naringenin, had strong binding ability with core targets TP53, AKT1, STAT3, TNF, MAPK3. BXD can treat MCI and DM by multi-targets and multi-channels,and plays a role of "homotherapy for heteropathy" mainly through response to drug, positive regulation of gene expression, extracellular space and enzyme binding and other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Meng
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Research Department, Swiss University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Xingfang Liu
- Research Department, Swiss University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Mingquan Li
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O’Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T. Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A. O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Sekrecka A, Antonczyk A, Hassani S, Sekrecki M, Nowicka H, Lopacinska N, Olya A, Kluzek K, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Dysregulated Interferon Response and Immune Hyperactivation in Severe COVID-19: Targeting STATs as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888897. [PMID: 35663932 PMCID: PMC9156796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A disease outbreak in December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was named COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells from the upper and lower respiratory tract system and is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets. Common clinical symptoms include fatigue, fever, and cough, but also shortness of breath and lung abnormalities. Still, some 5% of SARS-CoV-2 infections progress to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, and/or multiple organ failure as important consequences, which can lead to death. The innate immune system recognizes viral RNAs and triggers the expression of interferons (IFN). IFNs activate anti-viral effectors and components of the adaptive immune system by activating members of the STAT and IRF families that induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG)s. Among other coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV, common strategies have been identified to antagonize IFN signaling. This typically coincides with hyperactive inflammatory host responses known as the “cytokine storm” that mediate severe lung damage. Likewise, SARS-CoV-2 infection combines a dysregulated IFN response with excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. This excessive inflammatory response in the lungs is associated with the local recruitment of immune cells that create a pathogenic inflammatory loop. Together, it causes severe lung pathology, including ARDS, as well as damage to other vulnerable organs, like the heart, spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney, as well as the brain. This can rapidly progress to multiple organ exhaustion and correlates with a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of different types of IFN that underlies the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads to immune cell hyper-activation in the lungs, exuberant systemic inflammation, and multiple organ damage. Consequently, to protect from systemic inflammation, it will be critical to interfere with signaling cascades activated by IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines. Targeting members of the STAT family could therefore be proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Sekrecka
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Antonczyk
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sanaz Hassani
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michal Sekrecki
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Lopacinska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arta Olya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kluzek
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Plens-Gałąska M, Woźniak T, Wesoły J, Bluyssen HAR. SINBAD, structural, experimental and clinical characterization of STAT inhibitors and their potential applications. Sci Data 2022; 9:139. [PMID: 35361787 PMCID: PMC8971479 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family is recognized as cause or driving force behind multiple diseases progression. Therefore, searching for potential treatment strategy is pursued by multiple scientific groups. We consider that providing comprehensive, integrated and unified dataset for STAT inhibitory compounds may serve as important tool for other researchers. We developed SINBAD (STAT INhbitor Biology And Drug-ability) in response to our experience with inhibitory compound research, knowing that gathering detailed information is crucial for effective experiment design and also for finding potential solutions in case of obtaining inconclusive results. SINBAD is a curated database of STAT inhibitors which have been published and described in scientific articles providing prove of their inhibitory properties. It is a tool allowing easy analysis of experimental conditions and provides detailed information about known STAT inhibitory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Plens-Gałąska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoły
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
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Rah B, Rather RA, Bhat GR, Baba AB, Mushtaq I, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Dar SB, Parveen S, Hassan R, Mohammad F, Qassim I, Bhat A, Ali S, Zargar MH, Afroze D. JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821344. [PMID: 35401182 PMCID: PMC8987160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and associated transcriptional factors such as STATs. STATs typically have a dual role when explored in the context of cancer. While several members of the STAT family are involved in malignancies, however, a few members which include STAT3 and STAT5 are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Other STAT members such as STAT1 and STAT2 are pivotal for antitumor defense and maintenance of an effective and long-term immune response through evolutionarily conserved programs. The effects of JAK/STAT signaling and the persistent activation of STATs in tumor cell survival; proliferation and invasion have made the JAK/STAT pathway an ideal target for drug development and cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the intricate JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of solid malignancies needs extensive research. A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.
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7
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Wang Y, Yang C, Sims MM, Sacher JR, Raje M, Deokar H, Yue P, Turkson J, Buolamwini JK, Pfeffer LM. SS-4 is a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation that potently inhibits GBM tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2022; 533:215614. [PMID: 35245627 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. Constitutively active STAT3 has a causal role in GBM progression and is associated with poor patient survival. We rationally designed a novel small molecule, SS-4, by computational modeling to specifically interact with STAT3. SS-4 strongly and selectively inhibited STAT3 tyrosine (Y)-705 phosphorylation in MT330 and LN229 GBM cells and inhibited their proliferation and induced apoptosis with an IC50 of ∼100 nM. The antiproliferative and apoptotic actions of SS-4 were Y-705 phosphorylation dependent, as evidenced by its lack of effects on STAT3 knockout (STAT3KO) cells or STAT3KO cells that overexpressed a phospho-Y705 deficient (STAT3Y705F) mutant, and the recovery of effects when wild-type STAT3 or a phospho-serine (S)727 deficient mutant was expressed in STAT3KO cells. SS-4 increased the expression of tumor suppressive genes, while decreasing the expression of tumor promoting genes. Importantly, SS-4 markedly reduced the growth of GBM intracranial tumor xenografts. These data together identify SS-4 as a potent STAT3 inhibitor that selectively blocks Y705-phosphorylation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits growth of human GBM models in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), And the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Chuanhe Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), And the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Michelle M Sims
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), And the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joshua R Sacher
- Cyclica, Inc. 207 Queens Quay West, Suite 420, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 1A7, Canada
| | - Mithun Raje
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department (College of Pharmacy), Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064-3095, USA
| | - Hemantkumar Deokar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department (College of Pharmacy), Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064-3095, USA
| | - Peibin Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, And Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, And Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - John K Buolamwini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department (College of Pharmacy), Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064-3095, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), And the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Abstract
The Nipah virus (NiV) phosphoprotein (P) gene encodes four proteins. Three of these-P, V, and W-possess a common N-terminal domain but distinct C termini. These proteins interact with immune modulators. Previous studies demonstrated that P, V, and W bind STAT1 and STAT4 and that V also interacts with STAT2 but not with STAT3. The STAT1 and STAT2 interactions block interferon (IFN)-induced STAT tyrosine phosphorylation. To more fully characterize the interactions of P, V, and W with the STATs, we screened for interaction of each viral protein with STATs 1 to 6 by coimmunoprecipitation. We demonstrate that NiV P, V, and W interact with STAT4 through their common N-terminal domain and block STAT4 activity, based on a STAT4 response element reporter assay. Although none of the NiV proteins interact with STAT3 or STAT6, NiV V, but not P or W, interacts with STAT5 through its unique C terminus. Furthermore, the interaction of NiV V with STAT5 was not disrupted by overexpression of the N-terminal binding STAT1 or the C-terminal binding MDA5. NiV V also inhibits a STAT5 response element reporter assay. Residues 114 to 140 of the common N-terminal domain of the NiV P gene products were found to be sufficient to bind STAT1 and STAT4. Analysis of STAT1-STAT3 chimeras suggests that the P gene products target the STAT1 SH2 domain. When fused to GST, the 114-140 peptide is sufficient to decrease STAT1 phosphorylation in IFN-β-stimulated cells, suggesting that this peptide could potentially be fused to heterologous proteins to confer inhibition of STAT1- and STAT4-dependent responses.IMPORTANCE How Nipah virus (NiV) antagonizes innate immune responses is incompletely understood. The P gene of NiV encodes the P, V, and W proteins. These proteins have a common N-terminal sequence that is sufficient to bind to STAT1 and STAT2 and block IFN-induced signal transduction. This study sought to more fully understand how P, V, and W engage with the STAT family of transcription factors to influence their functions. The results identify a novel interaction of V with STAT5 and demonstrate V inhibition of STAT5 function. We also demonstrate that the common N-terminal residues 114 to 140 of P, V, and W are critical for inhibition of STAT1 and STAT4 function, map the interaction to the SH2 region of STAT1, and show that a fusion construct with this peptide significantly inhibits cytokine-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. These data clarify how these important virulence factors modulate innate antiviral defenses.
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Brambilla L, Lahiri T, Cammer M, Levy DE. STAT3 Inhibitor OPB-51602 Is Cytotoxic to Tumor Cells Through Inhibition of Complex I and ROS Induction. iScience 2020; 23:101822. [PMID: 33305182 PMCID: PMC7708861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a transcription factor involved in several cellular activities including inflammation, proliferation, and survival, but it also plays a non-transcriptional role in modulating mitochondrial metabolism. Given its diverse functions in human cancers, it is an emerging therapeutic target. Here we show that OPB-51602, a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3, is highly toxic in a STAT3-dependent manner. Specifically, drug toxicity depends on mitochondrial STAT3 as tumor cells expressing only a mitochondrially restricted form of STAT3 are sensitive to the compound, whereas STAT3-null cells are protected. OPB-51602 inhibited complex I activity and led to increased ROS production, which in turn induced mitophagy, actin rearrangements, and cell death. Cells undergoing reduced oxidative phosphorylation or expressing NDI1 NADH dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which bypasses mammalian complex I, were resistant to OPB-51602 toxicity. These results show that targeting mitochondrial STAT3 function causes synthetic lethality through complex I inhibition that could be exploited for cancer chemotherapy. OPB-51602 is cytotoxic to human tumor cell lines in a STAT3-dependent manner Cytotoxicity depends on ROS induction and leads to mitophagy and actin remodeling OPB-51602 affects oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting complex I via STAT3 Expression of a STAT3-independent form of complex I is cytoprotective
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Brambilla
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Avenue MSB548A, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tanaya Lahiri
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Avenue MSB548A, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Microscopy Core, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 55- 1st Avenue SK2, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David E Levy
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 1st Avenue MSB548A, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Attarha S, Reithmeier A, Busker S, Desroses M, Page BDG. Validating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Protein-Inhibitor Interactions Using Biochemical and Cellular Thermal Shift Assays. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1842-1851. [PMID: 32412740 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have important biological functions; however, deregulation of STAT signaling is a driving force behind the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases and cancer. While their biological roles suggest that STAT proteins would be valuable targets for developing therapeutic agents, STAT proteins are notoriously difficult to inhibit using small drug-like molecules, as they do not have a distinct inhibitor binding site. Despite this, a multitude of small-molecule STAT inhibitors have been proposed, primarily focusing on inhibiting STAT3 protein to generate novel cancer therapies. Demonstrating that inhibitors bind to their targets in cells has historically been a very challenging task. With the advent of modern target engagement techniques, such as the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), interactions between experimental compounds and their biological targets can be detected with relative ease. To investigate interactions between STAT proteins and inhibitors, we herein developed STAT CETSAs and evaluated known STAT3 inhibitors for their ability to engage STAT proteins in biological settings. While potent binding was detected between STAT proteins and peptidic STAT inhibitors, small-molecule inhibitors elicited variable responses, most of which failed to stabilize STAT3 proteins in cells and cell lysates. The described STAT thermal stability assays represent valuable tools for evaluating proposed STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anja Reithmeier
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum A3, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sander Busker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum A3, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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11
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Jamroskovic J, Doimo M, Chand K, Obi I, Kumar R, Brännström K, Hedenström M, Nath Das R, Akhunzianov A, Deiana M, Kasho K, Sulis Sato S, Pourbozorgi PL, Mason JE, Medini P, Öhlund D, Wanrooij S, Chorell E, Sabouri N. Quinazoline Ligands Induce Cancer Cell Death through Selective STAT3 Inhibition and G-Quadruplex Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2876-2888. [PMID: 31990532 PMCID: PMC7307907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The signal transducer
and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
protein is a master regulator of most key hallmarks and enablers of
cancer, including cell proliferation and the response to DNA damage.
G-Quadruplex (G4) structures are four-stranded noncanonical DNA structures
enriched at telomeres and oncogenes’ promoters. In cancer cells,
stabilization of G4 DNAs leads to replication stress and DNA damage
accumulation and is therefore considered a promising target for oncotherapy.
Here, we designed and synthesized novel quinazoline-based compounds
that simultaneously and selectively affect these two well-recognized
cancer targets, G4 DNA structures and the STAT3 protein. Using a combination
of in vitro assays, NMR, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show
that these small, uncharged compounds not only bind to the STAT3 protein
but also stabilize G4 structures. In human cultured cells, the compounds
inhibit phosphorylation-dependent activation of STAT3 without affecting
the antiapoptotic factor STAT1 and cause increased formation of G4
structures, as revealed by the use of a G4 DNA-specific antibody.
As a result, treated cells show slower DNA replication, DNA damage
checkpoint activation, and an increased apoptotic rate. Importantly,
cancer cells are more sensitive to these molecules compared to noncancerous
cell lines. This is the first report of a promising class of compounds
that not only targets the DNA damage cancer response machinery but
also simultaneously inhibits the STAT3-induced cancer cell proliferation,
demonstrating a novel approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jamroskovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Mara Doimo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Ikenna Obi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | | | | | - Almaz Akhunzianov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology , Kazan Federal University , Kazan 420008 , Russia
| | - Marco Deiana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Kazutoshi Kasho
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Sebastian Sulis Sato
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Parham L Pourbozorgi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - James E Mason
- Department of Radiation Sciences , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Paolo Medini
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
| | - Nasim Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Umeå University , Umeå 90736 , Sweden
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12
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Danazol mediates collateral sensitivity via STAT3/Myc related pathway in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11628. [PMID: 31406162 PMCID: PMC6690972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance presents an obstacle in cancer treatment. Among numerous combative strategies, collateral sensitivity (CS) drugs have opened a new avenue to defeat cancer by exploiting selective toxicity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer. In the present study, a clinically used synthetic steroid hormone, danazol, was investigated for its CS properties and cytotoxic mechanisms. Compared with natural hormones, danazol possessed a stronger selective cytotoxicity against MDR cancer cells. Danazol induced the arrest of MDR cancer cells at the G2/M phase and caspase-8–related early apoptosis. Furthermore, in MDR cancer cells, danazol reduced STAT3 phosphorylation as well as the expression of STAT3-regulated genes involved in cell survival, such as c-Myc, CDC25, and CDK1. Danazol also upregulated the cell cycle inhibitor p21 in MDR cancer cells. Supporting the experimental results, docking studies have revealed that danazol can likely bind favourably with STAT3. Taken together, our results suggest that danazol exerts a CS effect by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway in MDR cancer cells and thus provides a possible solution for MDR cancers.
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13
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Identification of novel inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 over signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 for the treatment of breast cancer by in-silico and in-vitro approach. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Antonczyk A, Krist B, Sajek M, Michalska A, Piaszyk-Borychowska A, Plens-Galaska M, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. Direct Inhibition of IRF-Dependent Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Associated With Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1176. [PMID: 31178872 PMCID: PMC6543449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of homologous proteins that regulate the transcription of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-induced gene expression. As such they are important modulating proteins in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IFN signaling pathways, which are vital elements of the innate immune system. IRFs have a multi-domain structure, with the N-terminal part acting as a DNA binding domain (DBD) that recognizes a DNA-binding motif similar to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE). The C-terminal part contains the IRF-association domain (IAD), with which they can self-associate, bind to IRF family members or interact with other transcription factors. This complex formation is crucial for DNA binding and the commencing of target-gene expression. IRFs bind DNA and exert their activating potential as homo or heterodimers with other IRFs. Moreover, they can form complexes (e.g., with Signal transducers and activators of transcription, STATs) and collaborate with other co-acting transcription factors such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and PU.1. In time, more of these IRF co-activating mechanisms have been discovered, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as acute and chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Detailed knowledge of IRFs structure and activating mechanisms predisposes IRFs as potential targets for inhibition in therapeutic strategies connected to numerous immune system-originated diseases. Until now only indirect IRF modulation has been studied in terms of antiviral response regulation and cancer treatment, using mainly antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA knockdown strategies. However, none of these approaches so far entered clinical trials. Moreover, no direct IRF-inhibitory strategies have been reported. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the different IRF-mediated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and how they reflect the diverse functions of IRFs in homeostasis and in TLR and IFN signaling. Moreover, we present IRFs as promising inhibitory targets and propose a novel direct IRF-modulating strategy employing a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking to the IRF-DBD with in vitro validation of IRF inhibition. We hypothesize that our methodology will enable the efficient identification of IRF-specific and pan-IRF inhibitors that can be used for the treatment of IRF-dependent disorders and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antonczyk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bart Krist
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sajek
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Piaszyk-Borychowska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Plens-Galaska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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15
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A simple fluorescent assay for the discovery of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2019; 569:46-52. [PMID: 30707898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the therapeutic potential of targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) there is a need for easily executed assays to perform high throughput screening (HTS) of inhibitors. We have developed and optimized an innovative and robust fluorescence-based assay for detecting PPI inhibitors, called FluorIA (Fluorescence-based protein-protein Interaction Assay). Targeting the PPI of RAD52 with replication protein A (RPA) was used as an example, and the FluorIA protocol design, optimization and successful application to HTS of large chemical libraries are described. Here enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged RAD52 detected the PPI using full-length RPA heterotrimer coated, black microtiter plates and loss in fluorescence intensity identified small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that displaced the EGFP-tagged RAD52. The FluorIA design and protocol can be adapted and applied to detect PPIs for other protein systems. This should push forward efforts to develop targeted therapeutics against protein complexes in pathological processes.
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16
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O'Reilly LA, Putoczki TL, Mielke LA, Low JT, Lin A, Preaudet A, Herold MJ, Yaprianto K, Tai L, Kueh A, Pacini G, Ferrero RL, Gugasyan R, Hu Y, Christie M, Wilcox S, Grumont R, Griffin MDW, O'Connor L, Smyth GK, Ernst M, Waring P, Gerondakis S, Strasser A. Loss of NF-κB1 Causes Gastric Cancer with Aberrant Inflammation and Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators in a STAT-1-Dependent Manner. Immunity 2018; 48:570-583.e8. [PMID: 29562203 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in NFKB1 that diminish its expression have been linked to human inflammatory diseases and increased risk for epithelial cancers. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and the link is perplexing given that NF-κB signaling reportedly typically exerts pro-tumorigenic activity. Here we have shown that NF-κB1 deficiency, even loss of a single allele, resulted in spontaneous invasive gastric cancer (GC) in mice that mirrored the histopathological progression of human intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Bone marrow chimeras revealed that NF-κB1 exerted tumor suppressive functions in both epithelial and hematopoietic cells. RNA-seq analysis showed that NF-κB1 deficiency resulted in aberrant JAK-STAT signaling, which dysregulated expression of effectors of inflammation, antigen presentation, and immune checkpoints. Concomitant loss of STAT1 prevented these immune abnormalities and GC development. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how polymorphisms that attenuate NFKB1 expression predispose humans to epithelial cancers, highlighting the pro-tumorigenic activity of STAT1 and identifying targetable vulnerabilities in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann Lin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelvin Yaprianto
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Guido Pacini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Raffi Gugasyan
- Healthy Ageing, Life Sciences Discipline, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Centre for Translational Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Raelene Grumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Liam O'Connor
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Gerondakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Viana JDO, Félix MB, Maia MDS, Serafim VDL, Scotti L, Scotti MT. Drug discovery and computational strategies in the multitarget drugs era. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Plens-Galaska M, Szelag M, Collado A, Marques P, Vallejo S, Ramos-González M, Wesoly J, Sanz MJ, Peiró C, Bluyssen HAR. Genome-Wide Inhibition of Pro-atherogenic Gene Expression by Multi-STAT Targeting Compounds as a Novel Treatment Strategy of CVDs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2141. [PMID: 30283459 PMCID: PMC6156247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, are globally the leading cause of death. Key factors contributing to onset and progression of atherosclerosis include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α and IFNγ and the Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)s. Searches for compounds targeting the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules, including STATTIC and STX-0119. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT3-specific. We hypothesized that multi-STAT-inhibitors that simultaneously block STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 activity and pro-inflammatory target gene expression may be a promising strategy to treat CVDs. Using comparative in silico docking of multiple STAT-SH2 models on multi-million compound libraries, we identified the novel multi-STAT inhibitor, C01L_F03. This compound targets the SH2 domain of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 with the same affinity and simultaneously blocks their activity and expression of multiple STAT-target genes in HMECs in response to IFNα. The same in silico and in vitro multi-STAT inhibiting capacity was shown for STATTIC and STX-0119. Moreover, C01L_F03, STATTIC and STX-0119 were also able to affect genome-wide interactions between IFNγ and TLR4 by commonly inhibiting pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic gene expression directed by cooperative involvement of STATs with IRFs and/or NF-κB. Moreover, we observed that multi-STAT inhibitors could be used to inhibit IFNγ+LPS-induced HMECs migration, leukocyte adhesion to ECs as well as impairment of mesenteric artery contractility. Together, this implicates that application of a multi-STAT inhibitory strategy could provide great promise for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Plens-Galaska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szelag
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Vallejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariella Ramos-González
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - María Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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19
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Structural Biology of STAT3 and Its Implications for Anticancer Therapies Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061591. [PMID: 29843450 PMCID: PMC6032208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are proteins able to bind DNA and induce the transcription of specific genes. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in multiple cellular pathways and are frequently over-expressed or dysregulated in cancer. Here, we will focus on a specific “signal transducer and activator of transcription” (STAT3) factor that is involved in several pathologies, including cancer. For long time, the mechanism by which STAT3 exerts its cellular functions has been summarized by a three steps process: (1) Protein phosphorylation by specific kinases, (2) dimerization promoted by phosphorylation, (3) activation of gene expression by the phosphorylated dimer. Consequently, most of the inhibitors reported in literature aimed at blocking phosphorylation and dimerization. However, recent observations reopened the debate and the entire functional mechanism has been revisited stimulating the scientific community to pursue new inhibition strategies. In particular, the dimerization of the unphosphorylated species has been experimentally demonstrated and specific roles proposed also for these dimers. Despite difficulties in the expression and purification of the full length STAT3, structural biology investigations allowed the determination of atomistic structures of STAT3 dimers and several protein domains. Starting from this information, computational methods have been used both to improve the understanding of the STAT3 functional mechanism and to design new inhibitors to be used as anticancer drugs. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of structural biology to understand the roles of STAT3, to design new inhibitors and to suggest new strategies of pharmacological intervention.
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20
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Targeted inhibition of STATs and IRFs as a potential treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48788-48812. [PMID: 27166190 PMCID: PMC5217051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key factors contributing to early stages of atherosclerosis and plaque development include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α, IFNγ and Interleukin (IL)-6 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimuli. Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) families. In particular, STAT1, 2 and 3; IRF1 and 8 have recently been recognized as prominent modulators of inflammation, especially in immune and vascular cells during atherosclerosis. Moreover, inflammation-mediated activation of these STATs and IRFs coordinates a platform for synergistic amplification leading to pro-atherogenic responses. Searches for STAT3-targeting compounds, exploring the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules including natural products. Only a few inhibitors for other STATs, but none for IRFs, are described. Promising results for several STAT3 inhibitors in recent clinical trials predicts STAT3-inhibiting strategies may find their way to the clinic. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT-specific, display toxicity and are not very potent. This illustrates the need for better models, and screening and validation tools for novel STAT and IRF inhibitors. This review presents a summary of these findings. It postulates STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 and IRF1 and IRF8 as interesting therapeutic targets and targeted inhibition could be a potential treatment strategy in CVDs. In addition, it proposes a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking of STAT-SH2 and IRF-DBD models with in vitro STAT and IRF activation inhibition validation, as a novel tool to screen multi-million compound libraries and identify specific inhibitors for STATs and IRFs.
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21
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Yu W, Li C, Zhang W, Xia Y, Li S, Lin JY, Yu K, Liu M, Yang L, Luo J, Chen Y, Sun H, Kong L. Discovery of an Orally Selective Inhibitor of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Using Advanced Multiple Ligand Simultaneous Docking. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2718-2731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jia-yuh Lin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Keqin Yu
- Water Supply
and Drainage, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Avenue South, Nanchang 330046, China
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22
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Cronin JG, Kanamarlapudi V, Thornton CA, Sheldon IM. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 licenses Toll-like receptor 4-dependent interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production via IL-6 receptor-positive feedback in endometrial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1125-36. [PMID: 26813342 PMCID: PMC4990777 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), acting via the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), limits neutrophil recruitment once bacterial infections are resolved. Bovine endometritis is an exemplar mucosal disease, characterized by sustained neutrophil infiltration and elevated IL-6 and IL-8, a neutrophil chemoattractant, following postpartum Gram-negative bacterial infection. The present study examined the impact of the IL6R/STAT3 signaling pathway on IL-8 production by primary endometrial cells in response to short- or long-term exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 is required for DNA binding and expression of specific targets genes. Immunoblotting indicated constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in endometrial cells was impeded by acute exposure to LPS. After 24 h exposure to LPS, STAT3 returned to a tyrosine phosphorylated state, indicating cross-talk between the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the IL6R/STAT3 signaling pathways. This was confirmed by short interfering RNA targeting the IL6R, which abrogated the accumulation of IL-6 and IL-8, induced by LPS. Furthermore, there was a differential endometrial cell response, as the accumulation of IL-6 and IL-8 was dependent on STAT3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, and Src kinase signaling in stromal cells, but not epithelial cells. In conclusion, positive feedback through the IL6R amplifies LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in the endometrium. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into how elevated IL-6 concentrations in the postpartum endometrium during bacterial infection leads to marked and sustained neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK,( or )
| | - V Kanamarlapudi
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - C A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - I M Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK,( or )
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23
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Yesylevskyy SO, Ramseyer C, Pudlo M, Pallandre JR, Borg C. Selective Inhibition of STAT3 with Respect to STAT1: Insights from Molecular Dynamics and Ensemble Docking Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:1588-96. [PMID: 27479469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 protein, which is known to be involved in cancer development, is a promising target for anticancer therapy. Successful inhibitors of STAT3 should not affect an activity of closely related protein STAT1, which makes their development challenging. The mechanisms of selectivity of several existing STAT3 inhibitors are not clear. In this work, we studied molecular mechanisms of selectivity of 13 experimentally tested STAT3 inhibitors by means of extensive molecular dynamics and ensemble docking simulations. It is shown that all studied inhibitors bind to the large part of the protein surface in an unspecific statistical manner. The binding to the dimerization interface of the SH2 domain, which is usually considered as the main target region, is not energetically preferable. Binding in this region is remarkably similar for STAT1 and STAT3 proteins and cannot explain experimentally observed selectivity toward STAT3. We propose a new mechanism of selectivity called "selectivity by distraction" for existing STAT3 inhibitors. This mechanism is based on equilibrium statistical partitioning of inhibitor molecules between protein domains. The unspecific binding of inhibitors to the DNA-binding and the coil-coil domains is stronger in STAT1 in comparison to STAT3 while the energies of their binding to SH2 domains are comparable. This "distracts" inhibitor molecules from the SH2 domain of STAT1 and leads to higher effective concentration of inhibitors in the vicinity of the SH2 domain of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen O Yesylevskyy
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Prospect Nauki, 46, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, La Bouloie, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Marc Pudlo
- Fonctions et Dysfonctions Epitheliales - EA 4267, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences Medicales et Pharmaceutiques , 19 rue Ambroise Pare, 25030 BESANCON cedex, France
| | - Jean-René Pallandre
- Inserm UMR 1098, EFS Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , IFR133, 8 rue du Dr Girod, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Inserm UMR 1098, EFS Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , IFR133, 8 rue du Dr Girod, 25020 Besançon, France
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Raj U, Kumar H, Gupta S, Varadwaj PK. Exploring dual inhibitors for STAT1 and STAT5 receptors utilizing virtual screening and dynamics simulation validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:2115-29. [PMID: 26471877 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that transduce signals from cytokines and growth factors to the nucleus and thereby regulate the expression of a variety of target genes. Although mutations of STATs have not been reported in human tumors but the activity of several members of the family, such as STAT1 and STAT5, is deregulated in a variety of human carcinoma. STAT1 and STAT5 share a structural similarity with a highly conserved SH2 domain which is responsible for the activation of STAT proteins on interaction with phosphotyrosine motifs for specific STAT-receptor contacts and STAT dimerization. The purpose of this study is to identify domain-specific dual inhibitors for both STAT1 and STAT5 proteins from a database of natural products and natural product-like compounds comprising of over 90,000 compounds. Virtual screening-based molecular docking was performed in order to find novel natural dual inhibitors. Further, the study was supported by the 50-ns molecular dynamics simulation for receptor-ligand complexes (STAT1-STOCK-1N-69677 and STAT5-STOCK-1N-69677). Analysis of molecular interactions in the SH2 domains of both STAT1 and STAT5 proteins with the ligand revealed few conserved amino acid residues which are responsible to stabilize the ligands within the binding pocket through bonded and non-bonded interactions. This study suggested that compound STOCK-1N-69677 might putatively act as a dual inhibitor of STAT1 and STAT5 receptors, through its binding to the SH2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Raj
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Himansu Kumar
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad , CC2-4203, Jhalwa Campus, Deoghat, Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh 211012 , India
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Meissl K, Macho-Maschler S, Müller M, Strobl B. The good and the bad faces of STAT1 in solid tumours. Cytokine 2015; 89:12-20. [PMID: 26631912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is part of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signalling cascade and is best known for its essential role in mediating responses to all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 regulates a variety of cellular processes, such as antimicrobial activities, cell proliferation and cell death. It exerts important immune modulatory activities both in the innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system. Based on studies in mice and data from human patients, STAT1 is generally considered a tumour suppressor but there is growing evidence that it can also act as a tumour promoter. This review aims at contrasting the two faces of STAT1 in tumourigenesis and providing an overview on the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Chmielewski S, Piaszyk-Borychowska A, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HAR. STAT1 and IRF8 in Vascular Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 35:434-454. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1087519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chmielewski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Piaszyk-Borychowska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hans A. R. Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Rohmah RN, Hardiyanti F, Fatchiyah F. Inhibition on JAK-STAT3 Signaling Transduction Cascade Is Taken by Bioactive Peptide Alpha-S2 Casein Protein from Goat Ethawah Breed Milk. Acta Inform Med 2015; 23:233-8. [PMID: 26483598 PMCID: PMC4584083 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2015.23.233-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: RA is a systemic inflammatory disease that causes developing comorbidity conditions. This condition can cause by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In a previous study, we have found bioactive peptide CSN1S2 from Ethawah goat milk for anti-inflammatory for repair the ileum destruction. However, the signaling transduction cascade of bioactive peptides inhibits inflammation still not clear yet. Therefore, we analyzed the signaling transduction cascade via JAK-STAT3 pathway by in vivo and in silico. Methods: The ileum was isolated DNA and amplification with specific primer. The sequence was analyzed using the Sanger sequencing method. Modeling 3D-structure was predicted by SWISS-MODEL and virtual interaction was analyzed by docking system using Pymol and Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Results: This study showed that STAT3 has target gene 480bp. The normal group and normal treating- CSN1S2 of goat milk have similarity from gene bank. Whereas, RA group had transversion mutation that the purine change into pyrimidine even cause frameshift mutation. Interestingly, after treating with the CSN1S2 protein of goat milk shows reverse to the normal acid sequence group. Based on in silico study, from eight peptides, only three peptides of CSN1S2 protein, which carried by PePT1 to enter the small intestine. The fragments are PepT1-41-NMAIHPR-47; PepT1-182-KISQYYQK-189 and PepT1-214-TNAIPYVR-221. We have found just one bioactive peptide of f182-KISQYYQK-189 is able bind to STAT3. The energy binding of f182-KISQYYQK-189 and RA-STAT3 amino acid, it was Σ = -402.43 kJ/mol and the energy binding of f182-KISQYYQK-189 and RAS-STAT3 amino acid is decreasing into Σ = -407.09 kJ/mol. Conclusion: This study suggested that the fragment 182-KISQYYQK-189 peptides from Ethawah goat milk may act as an anti-inflammatory agent via JAK-STAT3 signal transduction cascade at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rista Nikmatu Rohmah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferlany Hardiyanti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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