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Galvão NA, Cordeiro F, Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB. Ivermectin prevents stress-induced testicular damage in juvenile rats. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102292. [PMID: 38159533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a popular antiparasitic drug used in veterinary and human medicine. Studies by our group have shown that therapeutic doses of ivermectin induce some brain and behavioral impairments, especially in the reproductive sphere. So far, the studies were focused in adulthood. Considering that juveniles are more susceptible to drugs during developmental stages and both farm/domestic animals and humans have been medicated with ivermectin in youth, it is necessary to evaluate the possible harm effects in youth. The stress variable is also important, as it potentially influences the effects produced by ivermectin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate morphofunctional and hormonal reproductive aspects of juvenile rats exposed to ivermectin and/or stressed. Prepubertal male rats were treated with 0.2 or 1.0 mg/kg of ivermectin (a therapeutic dose and a higher dose, respectively). Rats were also submitted to a restraint stress session. The testis morphology and histology were analyzed and plasma testosterone levels were measured. The two doses of ivermectin did not induce a biologically relevant effect on testis and testosterone levels of rats. However, restraint stress impaired macroscopic and microscopic morphometric and stereological parameters, as well as the histology of the testis: it increased the relative testis weight, the tubular diameter, the tubular luminal diameter, and the tubular cellular index, and injured the interstitial area. Previous treatment of juvenile rats with ivermectin prevented most of the stress-induced testes injuries. In conclusion, in addition to be a remarkable antiparasitic agent, ivermectin prevented stress-induced testes injuries in juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia A Galvão
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flora Cordeiro
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria M Bernardi
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Kirsten
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Medeiros LDS, Rodrigues PDS, Santos DNL, Silva-Sampaio AC, Kirsten TB, Suffredini IB, Coque ADC, da Silva RA, Bernardi MM. Prenatal restraint stress downregulates the hypothalamic kisspeptidergic system transcripts genes, reduces the estrogen plasma levels, delayed the onset of puberty, and reduced the sexual behavior intensity in female rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114055. [PMID: 36563733 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the possible relationships between the expression of the Kiss1 and Gpr54 gene expressions and the pituitary-gonadal hormones with the female onset of puberty and sexual behavior. The Kiss1 and Gpr54 gene expressions were examined because they are critical to controlling the hypothalamic activation of GnRH neurons and, in turn, the pituitary-gonadal hormones related to the early onset of puberty and sexual behavior. Further, it was evaluated that the pituitary and gonadal hormones involved in the vaginal opening and the expression of sexual behavior. METHODS Pregnant rats exposed to PRS from gestation days 17 to 20 were evaluated for maternal and open-field behaviors. The maternal behavior was analyzed because it may alter brain sexual organization affecting the pups development. It was observed in female pups the physical and development and, in adult age, the open-field behavior, the anxiety-like behavior, the estrous cycle, the sexual behavior, the serum FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels, and the gene expression of kisspeptin protein (Kiss1) and Gpr54 in the hypothalamus. RESULTS the maternal and open-field behaviors were unaffected. In the F1 generation, PRS reduced weight at weaning, delayed the day of the vaginal opening and reduced the intensity of lordosis, the estrogen levels, and the Kiss1 and Gpr54 gene expression. These effects were attributed to hypothalamic kisspeptidergic system downregulation of transcripts genes and the reduced estrogen levels affected by the PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren da Silva Medeiros
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Paula da Silva Rodrigues
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Daniel Nascimento Lago Santos
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Silva-Sampaio
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Ivana Barbosa Suffredini
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Extração, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Av. Paulista, 900, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
| | - Alex de Camargo Coque
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Taubaté, Rua dos Operários, 9, Taubaté, SP 12020-340, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.
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3
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Lenschow C, Mendes ARP, Lima SQ. Hearing, touching, and multisensory integration during mate choice. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:943888. [PMID: 36247731 PMCID: PMC9559228 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.943888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mate choice is a potent generator of diversity and a fundamental pillar for sexual selection and evolution. Mate choice is a multistage affair, where complex sensory information and elaborate actions are used to identify, scrutinize, and evaluate potential mating partners. While widely accepted that communication during mate assessment relies on multimodal cues, most studies investigating the mechanisms controlling this fundamental behavior have restricted their focus to the dominant sensory modality used by the species under examination, such as vision in humans and smell in rodents. However, despite their undeniable importance for the initial recognition, attraction, and approach towards a potential mate, other modalities gain relevance as the interaction progresses, amongst which are touch and audition. In this review, we will: (1) focus on recent findings of how touch and audition can contribute to the evaluation and choice of mating partners, and (2) outline our current knowledge regarding the neuronal circuits processing touch and audition (amongst others) in the context of mate choice and ask (3) how these neural circuits are connected to areas that have been studied in the light of multisensory integration.
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Kirsten TB, Silva EP, Biondi TF, Rodrigues PS, Cardoso CV, Massironi SMG, Mori CMC, Bondan EF, Bernardi MM. Bate palmas mutant mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome: Higher susceptibility to infections and vocalization impairments? J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1438-1451. [PMID: 35362120 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recessive mutant mouse bate palmas (bapa) arose from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Previous studies of our group revealed some behavioral impairments and a mutation in the lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (Kmt2d) gene. Because mutations in the KMT2D gene in humans are mainly responsible for Kabuki syndrome, this study was proposed to validate bapa mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome. Besides other symptoms, Kabuki syndrome is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and speech impairments, usually diagnosed in the early childhood. Thus, juvenile male and female bapa mice were studied in different developmental stages (prepubertal period and puberty). To induce sickness behavior and to study infection susceptibility responses, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used. To study oral communication, ultrasonic vocalizations were evaluated. Behavioral (open-field test) and central (astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]) evaluations were also performed. Control and bapa female mice emitted 31-kHz ultrasounds on prepubertal period when exploring a novel environment, a frequency not yet described for mice, being defined as 31-kHz exploratory vocalizations. Males, LPS, and puberty inhibited these vocalizations. Bapa mice presented increased motor/exploratory behaviors on prepubertal period due to increased striatal TH expression, revealing striatal dopaminergic system hyperactivity. Combining open-field behavior and GFAP expression, bapa mice did not develop LPS tolerance, that is, they remained expressing signs of sickness behavior after LPS challenge, being more susceptible to infectious/inflammatory processes. It was concluded that bapa mice is a robust experimental model of Kabuki syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago B Kirsten
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ericka P Silva
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalles F Biondi
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula S Rodrigues
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Cardoso
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia M G Massironi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia M C Mori
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Bondan
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria M Bernardi
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rieger NS, Worley NB, Ng AJ, Christianson JP. Insular cortex modulates social avoidance of sick rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113541. [PMID: 34425184 PMCID: PMC8492531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Avoidance of sick individuals is vital to the preservation of one's health and preventing transmission of communicable diseases. To do this successfully, one must identify social cues for sickness, which include sickness behaviors and chemosignals, and use this information to orchestrate social interactions. While many social species are highly capable with this process, the neural mechanisms that provide for social responses to sick individuals are only partially understood. To this end, we used a task in which experimental rats were allowed to investigate two conspecifics, one healthy and one sick. To imitate sickness, one conspecific received the viral mimic Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and the other saline. In a 5-minute social preference test, experimental male and female adult rats avoided Poly I:C treated adult conspecifics but did not adjust social interaction in response to Poly I:C treated juvenile conspecifics. Seeking a neural locus of this behavior, we inhibited the insular cortex, a region necessary for social behaviors directed toward conspecifics in distress. Insular cortex inactivation via administration of the GABAA agonist muscimol to experimental rats prior to social preference tests eliminated the preference to avoid sick adult conspecifics. These results suggest that some aspect of conspecific illness may be encoded in the insular cortex which is anatomically positioned to coordinate a situationally appropriate social response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Rieger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 USA
| | - Nicholas B Worley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 USA
| | - Alexandra J Ng
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 USA
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467 USA.
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Zinc, but not paracetamol, prevents depressive-like behavior and sickness behavior, and inhibits interferon-gamma and astrogliosis in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:489-497. [PMID: 32006614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering all mental and addictive disorders, depression is the most responsible for years of life lost due to premature mortality and disability. Antidepressant drugs have limited effectiveness. Depression can be triggered by immune/inflammatory factors. Zinc and paracetamol interfere with immune system and have demonstrated beneficial effects on depression treatment when administered concomitant with antidepressant drugs. The objective of this study was to test zinc and/or paracetamol as treatments of depressive-like behavior, sickness behavior, and anxiety in rats, as well as to understand the central and peripheral mechanisms involved. Sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior were induced in rats with repetitive lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg for two consecutive days) administrations. Rats received zinc and/or paracetamol for three consecutive days. Sickness behavior (daily body weight and open field general activity); anxiety (light-dark test); depressive-like/antidepressant behavior (forced swim test); plasma corticosterone and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels; and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) brain expression were evaluated. LPS induced sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior, as well as elevated IFN-gamma levels and increased GFAP expression. Zinc prevented both behavioral and biochemical impairments. Paracetamol and zinc + paracetamol association induced only slight beneficial effects. Anxiety, corticosterone, and TH do not seem be related with depression and the other behavioral and neuroimmune changes. In conclusion, zinc treatment was beneficial for sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior without concomitant administration of antidepressants. IFN-gamma and GFAP were linked with the expression of sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior and were also involved with the antidepressant effects. Therefore, zinc, IFN-gamma, and GFAP pathways should be considered for depression treatment.
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LPS-induced sickness behavior is not affected by selenium but is switched off by psychogenic stress in rats. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:239-247. [PMID: 31760569 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sickness behavior (SB) is considered part of the adaptive behavioral and neuroimmune changes that occur in response to inflammatory processes. However, SB is a motivational state modulated by the environmental context. The objective of this study was to evaluate if selenium could ameliorate symptoms of SB and if stress would affect these responses. We induced SB in rats using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We choose selenium based on our findings of LPS-exposure decreasing selenium levels in rats. We exposed these rats to a psychogenic stress and studied motivational modulation paradigms, such as cure of the organism, preservation of the species, and fight or flight. We studied ultrasonic vocalizations, open-field behaviors, body weight, and IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma serum levels. LPS-induced SB was evidenced by decreased motor/exploratory activity and increased proinflammatory mediators' levels. Selenium treatment did not exert beneficial effects on SB, revealing that probably the selenium deficiency was not related to SB. When analyzed with the stress paradigm, the behavior of rats was differentially affected. LPS did not affect behavior in the presence of stress. SB was abrogated during stressor events to prioritize survival behaviors, such as fight-or-flight. Contrarily, the association of LPS, selenium, and stress induced SB even during stressor events, revealing that this combination induced a cumulative toxic effect.
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Cardoso CV, de Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB, de Fátima Monteiro Martins M, Rocha PRD, da Silva Rodrigues P, Bondan EF. Chemobrain in rats: Behavioral, morphological, oxidative and inflammatory effects of doxorubicin administration. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112233. [PMID: 31521736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). The present study investigated whether DOX administration could affect behavior and brain morphology, as well as oxidative and inflammatory status in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with DOX (2.5 mg/kg/week, 4 weeks, i.p.) or saline. Behavioral analyses were performed. Brains were collected and analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining techniques and by immunohistochemistry (for glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in astrocytes; GFAP). Serum and brain levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CXCL-1 were determined. Oxidative parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), nitric oxide (NO•), brain iron and ferritin levels, as well as reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed in brain. DOX-injected rats presented cognitive/memory impairments, increased GFAP expression, increased levels of TBARS, NO and GR, but decreased GSSG and ferritin levels in brain homogenate. In addition, increased serum and brain levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL1 were noted in the DOX group, although IL-10 decreased. As DOX has a poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is proposed that this drug elicits a systemic proinflammatory response with increase of proinflammatory cytokines which cross the BBB and can be involved in the induction of oxidative molecules and proinflammatory cytokines that altogether induce astrogliosis all over the brain. These events may be responsable for chemotherapy-induced cognitive/memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vieira Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), University Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, Building B, 13th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 01506-000, Brazil
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto, 240, São José dos Campos (SP), 12245-520, Brazil; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 947, São Paulo (SP), 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Monteiro Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Tenente Laudelino Ferreira do Amaral, 700, São Paulo (SP), 08060-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Dell'Armelina Rocha
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Paula da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandes Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil.
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Nwafor DC, Brichacek AL, Mohammad AS, Griffith J, Lucke-Wold BP, Benkovic SA, Geldenhuys WJ, Lockman PR, Brown CM. Targeting the Blood-Brain Barrier to Prevent Sepsis-Associated Cognitive Impairment. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2019; 11:1179573519840652. [PMID: 31007531 PMCID: PMC6456845 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519840652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease resulting from an infection. This disorder affects 750 000 people annually in the United States and has a 62% rehospitalization rate. Septic symptoms range from typical flu-like symptoms (eg, headache, fever) to a multifactorial syndrome known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Patients with SAE exhibit an acute altered mental status and often have higher mortality and morbidity. In addition, many sepsis survivors are also burdened with long-term cognitive impairment. The mechanisms through which sepsis initiates SAE and promotes long-term cognitive impairment in septic survivors are poorly understood. Due to its unique role as an interface between the brain and the periphery, numerous studies support a regulatory role for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the progression of acute and chronic brain dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the current body of literature which supports the BBB as a nexus which integrates signals from the brain and the periphery in sepsis. We highlight key insights on the mechanisms that contribute to the BBB's role in sepsis which include neuroinflammation, increased barrier permeability, immune cell infiltration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and a potential barrier role for tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Finally, we address current drug treatments (eg, antimicrobials and intravenous immunoglobulins) for sepsis and their potential outcomes on brain function. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms may enable clinicians to target specific aspects of BBB function as a therapeutic tool to limit long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine C Nwafor
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allison L Brichacek
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Afroz S Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jessica Griffith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stanley A Benkovic
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M Brown
- Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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10
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Jiang X, Wang G, Lin Q, Tang Z, Yan Q, Yu X. Fucoxanthin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice via AMPK- NF-κB pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:431-442. [PMID: 30554399 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural carotenoid abundant in edible brown seaweeds, has been shown the great anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects in vivo and in vitro. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FX on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral defects in mice. In depressive behavior tests, the increased immobility time of forced swimming test and tail suspension test by LPS treatment in mice, which were significantly reversed by FX treatment (200 mg/kg, i.g.). In anxiety behavior tests, LPS injection was neither influence the anxiety-related parameters in marble burying test nor that in elevated plus maze test. Interestingly, anxiolytic effects were observed in single FX treated control and LPS-induced mice groups. FX treatment also reversed LPS-induced body weight loss and food intake decreases. Biochemical analysis indicated that FX inhibited LPS-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), as well as iNOS and COX-2 in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus, via the modulation of AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of toxicology and pharmacology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Guokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of toxicology and pharmacology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Qizhi Yan
- Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of toxicology and pharmacology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315000, China.
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11
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Parisi DP, Santos SAR, Cabral D, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Flório JC, Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB. Therapeutical doses of ivermectin and its association with stress disrupt motor and social behaviors of juvenile rats and serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:149-157. [PMID: 30901667 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a human and veterinary antiparasitic drug which is one of the most widely used in the world. Studies from our group have revealed several behavioral and neurochemical impairments induced by therapeutic doses of ivermectin in adult rats. However, the effects on juveniles remain unknown. Ivermectin has been prescribed for juvenile humans, pets and farm animals, which still show remarkable development and postnatal maturation and may be more susceptible to drug interventions. Hence, we studied the behavioral and neurochemical effects of two therapeutical doses (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) of ivermectin in juvenile rats. As it is underestimated in prescriptions, the stress factor was also studied. Ivermectin 1.0 mg/kg induced hyperlocomotion in juvenile rats. Association of 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin with stress induced hypolocomotion in rats. Ivermectin 1.0 mg/kg whether or not associated with stress exacerbated socialization of rats. Ivermectin did not induce anxiety-like behavior neither affected corticosterone levels of juvenile rats. The motor/exploratory behavioral findings induced by association of ivermectin and stress seem to be triggered after the increase in the striatal serotonergic system activity. Association of ivermectin with stress increased striatal dopamine levels, which increased (excessive) social play behavior. Our results suggest a review of the prescribed dose of ivermectin for juvenile humans and pets. Moreover, the stress factor should be considered for ivermectin medical prescriptions, since it may exacerbate behavioral and neurochemical disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora P Parisi
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Satiro A R Santos
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cabral
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Queiroz-Hazarbassanov
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Flório
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Maria M Bernardi
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Thiago B Kirsten
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.
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Cezar LC, Kirsten TB, da Fonseca CCN, de Lima APN, Bernardi MM, Felicio LF. Zinc as a therapy in a rat model of autism prenatally induced by valproic acid. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:173-180. [PMID: 29481896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism is characterized by numerous behavioral impairments, such as in communication, socialization and cognition. Recent studies have suggested that valproic acid (VPA), an anti-epileptic drug with teratogenic activity, is related to autism. In rodents, VPA exposure during pregnancy induces autistic-like effects. Exposure to VPA may alter zinc metabolism resulting in a transient deficiency of zinc. Therefore, we selected zinc as a prenatal treatment to prevent VPA-induced impairments in a rat model of autism. Wistar female rats received either saline solution or VPA (400 mg/kg, i.p) on gestational day (GD) 12.5. To test the zinc supplementation effect, after 1 h of treatment with saline or VPA, a dose of zinc (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was injected. The offspring were tested for abnormal communication behaviors with an ultrasound vocalization task on postnatal day (PND) 11, repetitive behaviors and cognitive ability with a T-maze task on PND 29, and social interaction with a play behavior task on PND 30. Tyrosine hydroxylase protein (TH) expression was evaluated in the striatum. Prenatal VPA decreased ultrasonic vocalization, induced repetitive/restricted behaviors and cognitive inflexibility, impaired socialization, and reduced striatal TH levels compared with control group. Zinc treatment reduced VPA-induced autistic-like behaviors. However, we found no evidence of an effect of zinc on the VPA-induced reduction in TH expression. The persistence of low TH expression in the VPA-Zn group suggests that Zn-induced behavioral improvement in autistic rats may not depend on TH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Carvalho Cezar
- University of São Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Paulista University, Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciano Freitas Felicio
- University of São Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Chowdhury AA, Gawali NB, Munshi R, Juvekar AR. Trigonelline insulates against oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and restores BDNF levels in lipopolysaccharide induced cognitive impairment in adult mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:681-691. [PMID: 29277879 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is said to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Trigonelline (TRG) is a naturally occurring alkaloid, commonly isolated from fenugreek and coffee beans. In the present study, we investigated whether TRG exerts neuroprotective action against LPS mediated cognitive impairment. Mice pretreated with TRG (50 and 100 mg/kg po) were administered with LPS (250 μg/kg ip) for 7 days. Memory was assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze. LPS administration caused poor memory retention in MWM and Y maze paradigms, and resulted in marked oxidative stress as evidenced by decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and increased lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus and cortex. Cholinergic involvement during neuroinflammation was evaluated by measuring levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. TRG treatment at both the doses reversed LPS induced behavioral and memory disturbances, significantly decreased the oxidative stress and AChE levels in both the hippocampus and cortex. LPS administration also elevated the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) levels, whereas brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly depleted. TRG pretreatment led to decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels and caused a significant upregulation of BDNF levels. In conclusion, present study highlights the promising neuroprotective role of TRG against LPS mediated cognitive impairment which could be attributed to reduced oxidative stress, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and restoration of BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (DPST), Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, -400019, India
| | - Nitin B Gawali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (DPST), Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, -400019, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Dr. A. L. Nair Road, Mumbai, 400008, India
| | - Archana R Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (DPST), Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, -400019, India.
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Proanthocyanidin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice via neuroinflammatory pathway. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Jęśko H, Czapski GA, Lenkiewicz AM, Kurek E, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A. Selol, an organic selenium donor, prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the rat brain. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Moraes MMT, Galvão MC, Cabral D, Coelho CP, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Martins MFM, Bondan EF, Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB. Propentofylline Prevents Sickness Behavior and Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats via Neuroinflammatory Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169446. [PMID: 28056040 PMCID: PMC5215944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the intimate relationship between depression and immune disturbances. Aware of the efficacy limits of existing antidepressant drugs and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of propentofylline, we sought to evaluate the use of propentofylline as a depression treatment. We used a rat model of depression induced by repetitive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administrations. We have studied sickness behavior, by assessing daily body weight, open field behavior, and TNF-α plasmatic levels. Anxiety-like behavior (light-dark test), depressive-like behavior (forced swim test), plasmatic levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, depression biomarker), and central glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression (an astrocyte biomarker) were also evaluated. LPS induced body weight loss, open field behavior impairments (decreased locomotion and rearing, and increased immobility), and increased TNF-α levels in rats, compared with control group. Thus, LPS induced sickness behavior. LPS also increased the immobility and reduced climbing in the forced swim test, when compared with the control group, i.e., LPS induced depressive-like behavior in rats. Propentofylline prevented sickness behavior after four days of consecutive treatment, as well as prevented the depressive-like behavior after five days of consecutive treatments. Propentofylline also prevented the increase in GFAP expression induced by LPS. Neither LPS nor propentofylline has influenced the anxiety and BDNF levels of rats. In conclusion, repetitive LPS administrations induced sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior in rats. Propentofylline prevented both sickness behavior and depressive-like behavior via neuroinflammatory pathway. The present findings may contribute to a better understanding and treatment of depression and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia M. T. Moraes
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella C. Galvão
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cabral
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cideli P. Coelho
- Graduate Program of Animal Medicine and Welfare, University of Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria F. M. Martins
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Bondan
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Bernardi
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Araki R, Hiraki Y, Nishida S, Inatomi Y, Yabe T. Gomisin N ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviors by attenuating inflammation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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18
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Ali MRAA, Abo-Youssef AMH, Messiha BAS, Khattab MM. Tempol and perindopril protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognition impairment and amyloidogenesis by modulating brain-derived neurotropic factor, neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:637-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wei P, Liu Q, Li D, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Li J. Acute nicotine treatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction by increasing BDNF expression and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2015; 604:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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