1
|
Medina‐Inojosa JR, Gomez Ibarra MA, Medina‐Inojosa BJ, Supervia M, Jenkins S, Johnson L, Suarez NP, Bonikowske A, Somers VK, Lopez‐Jimenez F. Effect of Active Workstations on Neurocognitive Performance and Typing Skills: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031228. [PMID: 38572691 PMCID: PMC11262529 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended sedentary behavior is a risk factor for chronic disease and mortality, even among those who exercise regularly. Given the time constraints of incorporating physical activity into daily schedules, and the high likelihood of sitting during office work, this environment may serve as a potentially feasible setting for interventions to reduce sedentary behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted at an employee wellness center. Four office settings were evaluated on 4 consecutive days: stationary or sitting station on day 1 (referent), and 3 subsequent active workstations (standing, walking, or stepper) in randomized order. Neurocognitive function (Selective Attention, Grammatical Reasoning, Odd One Out, Object Reasoning, Visuospatial Intelligence, Limited-Hold Memory, Paired Associates Learning, and Digit Span) and fine motor skills (typing speed and accuracy) were tested using validated tools. Average scores were compared among stations using linear regression with generalized estimating equations to adjust standard errors. Bonferroni method adjusted for multiple comparisons. Healthy subjects were enrolled (n=44), 28 (64%) women, mean±SD age 35±11 years, weight 75.5±17.1 kg, height 168.5±10.0 cm, and body mass index 26.5±5.2 kg/m2. When comparing active stations to sitting, neurocognitive test either improved or remained unchanged, while typing speed decreased without affecting typing errors. Overall results improved after day 1, suggesting habituation. We observed no major differences across active stations, except decrease in average typing speed 42.5 versus 39.7 words per minute with standing versus stepping (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Active workstations improved cognitive performance, suggesting that these workstations can help decrease sedentary time without work performance impairment. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT06240286.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Medina‐Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Miguel A. Gomez Ibarra
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Betsy J. Medina‐Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Marta Supervia
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationGregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Dr. EsquerdoMadridSpain
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences‐INEFUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Lynne Johnson
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Nathalie P. Suarez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Amanda Bonikowske
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Virend K. Somers
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Francisco Lopez‐Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Dan Abraham Healthy Living CenterMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Odhiambo LA, Marion AJ, Harmatz AE, Yala JA, Callihan TR, Bundy K, Zullo MD. Facilitators and barriers to using a DeskCycle as a sedentary behavior intervention in the work environment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299537. [PMID: 38483888 PMCID: PMC10939269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a public health threat with extensive health burden on society. High levels of sedentary behavior have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Individuals working in desk-related occupations are more likely to be sedentary for most of the day. Health researchers have responded by implementing and promoting interventions and wellness programs in work environments to reduce this behavior. This study examined the feasibility and experience of using the DeskCycle to reduce sedentary behavior among female workers in an academic office environment. METHODS This was an intervention study where participants used the DeskCycle in two consecutive eight-week phases and uploaded DeskCycle use data daily. A questionnaire was administered after week 2 and week 8 (pre-post) of DeskCycle use in each phase to assess dimensions of feasibility, including an open-ended question for user experience. RESULTS The participants (N = 78) had an average age of 44.4 (±11.3) years and were primarily non-Hispanic White (88.5%). DeskCycle daily use varied from Phase I: 84% to 64.9% (weeks 1-7), and 49.4% in week 8, to Phase II: 73.5% to 52.2% (week 1-7), and 40.2% in week 8. In Phase I, 96.6% (week 2) and 87% (week 8) agreed that the DeskCycle decreased sedentary behavior, and in Phase II, 74.3% (week 2) and 76.9% (week 8) agreed. The analysis of open-ended responses found challenges with the desk set up, cycling interfering with typing, and thinking critically, as barriers to DeskCycle use, while enjoying cycling and cycling improving mood were reported as facilitators. CONCLUSIONS Using a DeskCycle in an academic office environment to reduce sedentary behavior is feasible in female office workers. Consideration should be given to the type of tasks performed while cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorriane A. Odhiambo
- Department of Biostatistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Marion
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alison E. Harmatz
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Joy A. Yala
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Callihan
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Kristina Bundy
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Melissa D. Zullo
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mixter S, Mathiassen SE, Jahncke H, Hygge S, Lyskov E, Hallman DM, Lewis C. Effects of Combining Occupationally Relevant Physical and Cognitive Tasks. A Systematic Review. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:303-319. [PMID: 36469430 PMCID: PMC10015802 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical and cognitive tasks occur together in many occupations. Previous reviews of combined tasks have mainly focused on their effects in a sports context. This review investigated to which extent combinations (concurrent or alternating) of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks influence responses reflecting biomechanical exposure, stress, fatigue, performance, and well-being. METHODS We searched Scopus, Pubmed, Cinahl, and Psychinfo for controlled experiments investigating the effects of combinations of occupationally relevant physical and cognitive tasks in participants aged 18 to 70. In total, we identified 12 447 records. We added recent papers that had cited these studies (n = 573) to arrive at a total of 13 020 publications. After screening for relevance, 61 studies remained, of which 57 were classified to be of medium or high quality. Of the 57 studies, 51 addressed concurrent tasks, 5 alternating tasks, and 1 both concurrent and alternating tasks. RESULTS Most studies of concurrent physical and cognitive tasks reported negative effects, if numerically small, on indicators of biomechanical exposure, fatigue, and performance, compared to a physical task alone. Results were mixed for stress indicators, and well-being was too little studied to justify any conclusions. Effects depended on the tasks, including their intensity and complexity. Alternating physical and cognitive tasks did not appear to influence outcomes much, compared to having passive breaks in-between physical tasks. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence indicated that concurrent physical and cognitive work tasks have negative, yet small effects on biomechanical indicators, fatigue and performance, compared to performing the physical task alone, but only if the physical task is intense, and the cognitive task is complex. Alternating between physical and cognitive tasks may have similar effects as breaking up physical tasks by passive breaks, but studies were few. Future studies should address ecologically valid combinations of physical and cognitive tasks, in particular in controlled field studies devoted to the long-term effects of combined work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Mixter
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Helena Jahncke
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Staffan Hygge
- Department of Building, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Eugene Lyskov
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lewis
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam H, Bergquist C, Lee C, McMullen J. Exploring the use of an under-desk leg swing device during employee aptitude testing and implications on work performance and productivity. Work 2023:WOR211375. [PMID: 36641713 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As modern occupations become more sedentary, desk-bound workers are more at risk of chronic diseases. Active workstations have gained popularity in the workplace, but there remain concerns about their impact on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the use of a novel under-desk leg swing device on cognitive ability in the workplace compared to sitting. METHODS Cognitive ability was measured using a pre-employment aptitude test (CCAT), and perceived outcomes were analyzed via self-report questionnaires. Using a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, 18 undergraduate students undertook the CCAT while using the under-desk leg swing device and while sitting only (Experiment 1). 9 students returned two to three weeks later to repeat testing (Experiment 2). RESULTS In Experiment 1, CCAT scores did not differ significantly between the under-desk leg swing device and sitting (mean difference (MD) = -1.056, standard error (SE) = 1.302,p = 0.429, d = -0.16). Effect sizes of 0.554 were observed for perceived alertness, 0.446 for attention, 0.446 for focus, and 0.564 for enjoyment, but there were no significant differences between the two conditions. CCAT scores were significantly higher in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1 (MD = 8.444, SE = 2.410,p = 0.008, d = 1.64). CONCLUSION Based on Experiment 1, the findings suggest that the use of the under-desk leg swing device promotes movement without detriment to neither workflow nor cognitive ability relevant to employee aptitude compared to sitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carter Bergquist
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA,USA
| | - Collette Lee
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA,USA
| | - Jared McMullen
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA,USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bianchini E, Warmerdam E, Romijnders R, Hansen C, Pontieri FE, Maetzler W. Cognitive dual-task cost depends on the complexity of the cognitive task, but not on age and disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:964207. [PMID: 36313514 PMCID: PMC9615561 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.964207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dual-tasking (DT) while walking is common in daily life and can affect both gait and cognitive performance depending on age, attention prioritization, task complexity and medical condition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DT on cognitive DT cost (DTC) (i) in a dataset including participants of different age groups, with different neurological disorders and chronic low-back pain (cLBP) (ii) at different levels of cognitive task complexity, and (iii) in the context of a setting relevant to daily life, such as combined straight walking and turning. Materials and methods Ninety-one participants including healthy younger and older participants and patients with Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke and cLBP performed a simple reaction time (SRT) task and three numerical Stroop tasks under the conditions congruent (StC), neutral (StN) and incongruent (StI). The tasks were performed both standing (single task, ST) and walking (DT), and DTC was calculated. Mixed ANOVAs were used to determine the effect of group and task complexity on cognitive DTC. Results A longer response time in DT than in ST was observed during SRT. However, the response time was shorter in DT during StI. DTC decreased with increasing complexity of the cognitive task. There was no significant effect of age and group on cognitive DTC. Conclusion Our results suggest that regardless of age and disease group, simple cognitive tasks show the largest and most stable cognitive effects during DT. This may be relevant to the design of future observational studies, clinical trials and for clinical routine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bianchini
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elke Warmerdam
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Division of Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robbin Romijnders
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco E. Pontieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Walter Maetzler
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moon M, Sumsuzzman DM, Choi J, Kazema AS, Khan ZA, Hong Y. Changes in Keyboard Typing Accuracy and Spatial Perception after Cardiovascular Fitness Exercise. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:89-97. [PMID: 36157890 PMCID: PMC9490013 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the association between cardiopulmonary exercise and neurological activation by measuring dictation accuracy and the extent of spatial perception. Methods First of all, the body composition of subjects was analyzed to verify their physical abnormality. The subjects were given treadmill exercise using modified Bruce protocol. Before and after the treadmill exercise, a spatial perception test and dictation task with auditory and visual stimulation were carried out to identify the changes in neurological activation. Results The scores of spatial perception after treadmill exercise were higher than those before treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, the speed of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly increased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05). However, the accuracy of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly decreased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was shown that spatial perception and speed of visual dictation were increased after treadmill exercise. These results suggest that cardiovascular fitness exercise increases spatial perception and typing speed by facilitating neurological activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeonggon Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Dewan Md Sumsuzzman
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Ashura Suleiman Kazema
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Institute of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marshall MR, Duckworth SC, Currie MR, Schmid D, Rogers RR. Role of age and sex on dual tasking using a treadmill desk while performing cognitive tests. Gait Posture 2021; 90:148-153. [PMID: 34481265 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treadmill desks have been used extensively to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary time in the work environment. However, dual tasking, such as simultaneously walking and performing a cognitive task, may result in diminished performance in one or both tasks. RESEARCH QUESTION Do age and sex impact ability to dual task while using a treadmill desk at a preferred walking speed?. METHODS A total of n = 24 younger (range of 18-24 years, mean age = 21.1 ± 1.6 years) and n = 25 older (range of 45-65 years, mean age = 53.0 ± 5.1 years) adults self-selected a comfortable walking speed ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mph and performed the Stroop Color & Word test (measuring Inhibition) and the Sternberg Test of Working Memory (measuring Working Memory) while walking at their chosen speed on a treadmill desk and while seated. Testing was performed in two separate sessions with the order counterbalanced. Step length, stride length, gait cycle time, and coefficient of variation (CV) for each were measured using OptoGait software, and both reaction time and accuracy for the two cognitive tests were assessed. Dual Task Cost (DTC) was calculated by using the formula (Single task score - Dual task score)/Single task score)*100. RESULTS Younger adults had faster reaction time compared to older adults for both Working Memory and Inhibition tests (p < 0.05), and both males and females had slower reaction time for the Working Memory test when seated compared to walking (p < 0.05). For DTC, older adults had greater stride length CV during the Working Memory task (32.0 % vs 19.6 %), and regardless of age or sex, DTC for gait was greater than for cognition. SIGNIFICANCE These data provide evidence that while aging does decrease reaction time while dual tasking, few age differences and no sex differences were found in dual task cost. However, dual tasking results in diminished gait DTC compared to cognition DTC regardless of age or sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory R Marshall
- Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, United States.
| | - Sarah C Duckworth
- Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, United States
| | - Madison R Currie
- Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, United States
| | - Daphne Schmid
- Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, United States
| | - Rebecca R Rogers
- Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Birmingham, AL, 35229, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwartz J, Oh P, Perotto MB, Rhodes RE, Firth W, Bredin SSD, Gaytán-González A, Warburton DER. A Critical Review on New Approaches for Chronic Disease Prevention in Brazil and Canada: From Wholistic Dietary Guidelines to Physical Activity Security. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:730373. [PMID: 34527714 PMCID: PMC8435680 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.730373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of new evidence on the prevention of chronic diseases and the elevated rates of overweight and obesity in Brazil and Canada, this critical review aims to interpret and synthesize current aspects regarding dietary and physical activity initiatives in both countries and make future recommendations. The pioneering work presented in the last Brazilian dietary guidelines has been called a model that can be applied globally, given its conceptualization of healthy eating that translates easily to practical guidance. The new Canadian Food Guide has incorporated similar aspects, also putting the country as a leader in dietary guidance. With these new recommendations, citizens in both Brazil and Canada have access to impactful evidence-informed nutritional guidelines. Both documents propose eating patterns that focus not only on health benefits, such as chronic disease prevention, but also incorporate well-being concerning cultural, economic, sociodemographic, biological, and ecological dimensions. A similar approach is required for physical activity to allow individuals to have attainable health and life goals and thereby fully enjoy their lives, regardless of geographical location, health status, and socioeconomic condition, a concept recently described as physical activity security. The wholistic dietary guidelines from both countries represent a change in paradigm in public health. Likewise, national evidence-based policies are warranted to reduce disparities in physical activity, allowing healthier and more active lifestyles for everyone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Schwartz
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Oh
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maira B. Perotto
- West Toronto Diabetes Education Program, LAMP Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Wanda Firth
- Hearts & Health in Motion Program, Nova Scotia Health, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shannon S. D. Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alejandro Gaytán-González
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Darren E. R. Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
O'Mara S. Biopsychosocial Functions of Human Walking and Adherence to Behaviourally Demanding Belief Systems: A Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:654122. [PMID: 34421710 PMCID: PMC8371042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human walking is a socially embedded and shaped biological adaptation: it frees our hands, makes our minds mobile, and is deeply health promoting. Yet, today, physical inactivity is an unsolved, major public health problem. However, globally, tens of millions of people annually undertake ancient, significant and enduring traditions of physiologically and psychologically arduous walks (pilgrimages) of days-to-weeks extent. Pilgrim walking is a significant human activity requiring weighty commitments of time, action and belief, as well as community support. Paradoxically, human walking is most studied on treadmills, not ‘in the wild’, while mechanistically vital, treadmill studies of walking cannot, in principle, address why humans walk extraordinary distances together to demonstrate their adherence to a behaviourally demanding belief system. Pilgrim walkers provide a rich ‘living laboratory’ bridging humanistic inquiries, to progressive theoretical and empirical investigations of human walking arising from a behaviourally demanding belief system. Pilgrims vary demographically and undertake arduous journeys on precisely mapped routes of tracked, titrated doses and durations on terrain of varying difficulty, allowing investigations from molecular to cultural levels of analysis. Using the reciprocal perspectives of ‘inside→out’ (where processes within brain and body initiate, support and entrain movement) and ‘outside→in’ (where processes in the world beyond brain and body drive activity within brain and body), we examine how pilgrim walking might shape personal, social and transcendental processes, revealing potential mechanisms supporting the body and brain in motion, to how pilgrim walking might offer policy solutions for physical inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Does type of active workstation matter? A randomized comparison of cognitive and typing performance between rest, cycling, and treadmill active workstations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237348. [PMID: 32764818 PMCID: PMC7413476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Active workstations are associated with improved health outcomes, but differences in cognitive and typing outcomes between the types of active workstations are unclear. We addressed two main questions: (1) Are there differences in cognitive and typing performance between seated and active workstations? (2) Are there differences in cognitive and typing performance between cycling and treadmill workstations, specifically? Participants included 137 healthy young adults (74 female, mean age = 20.8 years) who completed two sessions. At session one (baseline), all participants completed cognitive and typing tests including the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, a typing test, and a flanker task while sitting at rest. At session two, participants were randomized to an active workstation group (treadmill or cycling desk) during which they performed the tests listed above in a randomized fashion, using alternate versions when available. Participants showed significantly better attention and cognitive control scores during the active session as compared to the seated session, but worse verbal memory scores during the active session. Participants were faster and more accurate at typing during the active session relative to the seated session. There were no significant differences between cycling or treadmill workstations on any cognitive or typing outcomes. Improvements during active sessions may be influenced by practice effects, although alternate forms were used when possible. We conclude that active workstations do not seem to largely impact cognitive abilities, with the exception of a slight decrease in verbal memory performance. Findings suggest active workstations, whether walking or cycling, are useful to improve physical activity, particularly when completing tasks that do not require verbal memory recall.
Collapse
|
11
|
Feasibility and behavioral effects of prolonged static and dynamic standing as compared to sitting in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32527223 PMCID: PMC7291508 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is prevalent in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may exacerbate their clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of 4-h regular versus more dynamic standing sessions while performing routine desktop activities as a non-exercise physical activity intervention in older adults with T2DM to increase non-exercise activity. Methods Twelve older adult patients with T2DM (3 female; age 71 ± 4 years; Body mass index 34 ± 5 kg/m2) completed three sessions (baseline sitting followed by “static” or “dynamic” desktop standing sessions). Participants stood behind a regular height-adjustable desk in the “static” standing session. An upright dynamic standing desk, which provides cues to make small weight-shifting movements, was used for the “dynamic” standing session. Oxygen consumption, cognitive performance, as well as net standing duration, total movement activity, and musculoskeletal discomfort were assessed during all three sessions. Results All participants were able to complete all sessions. Oxygen consumption and overall movements progressively increased from sitting to static and dynamic standing, respectively (p < 0.001). The duration of breaks during standing (p = 0.024) and rate of total musculoskeletal discomfort development (p = 0.043) were lower in the dynamic standing compared to static standing sessions. There was no evidence of executive cognitive worsening during either standing session compared to sitting. Conclusions Prolonged 4-h standing as a simple non-exercise physical intervention is feasible in older adults with T2DM and may have metabolic (oxygen consumption) benefits. Increasing movement during desktop standing may offer incremental benefits compared to regular standing. Prolonged desktop standing might provide an effective intervention in T2DM older participants to target sedentariness. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04410055), retrospectively registered May 27, 2020.
Collapse
|
12
|
Podrekar N, Kozinc Ž, Šarabon N. The effects of cycle and treadmill desks on work performance and cognitive function in sedentary workers: A review and meta-analysis. Work 2020; 65:537-545. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nastja Podrekar
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- InnoRennew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
- InnoRennew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to Practice Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garrett G, Zhao H, Pickens A, Mehta R, Preston L, Powell A, Benden M. Computer-based Prompt's impact on postural variability and sit-stand desk usage behavior; a cluster randomized control trial. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 79:17-24. [PMID: 31109458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sit-to-stand workstations have been deployed in office environments to reduce sedentary behavior and improve worker's health. However, efforts to initiate and sustain long-term usage of sit-stand workstations has been a challenge, with primarily anecdotal evidence suggesting many employees cease using their sit-stand workstations once the newness diminishes. To objectively determine sit-stand workstation usage and what impact computer-based prompts would have on sit-stand desk use and sustainability, 200 office workers (118 control and 82 treatment) in two different geographic locations were continuously monitored over a 4 ½ month period, which consisted of a 6-week baseline and a 3-month experimental period. During the 3-month experimental period, computer-based prompts elicited a 229% increase in daily standing transitions which was sustained over the entire 3 months with 40% of the participants adhering to a pre-determined sit to stand schedule. These findings indicate that the use of computer-based prompts can be used to motivate employees to change their behavior regarding the use of sit-to-stand workstations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Garrett
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Adam Pickens
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Ranjana Mehta
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Leigh Preston
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Amy Powell
- OE/HES Center, Chevron USA INC, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA.
| | - Mark Benden
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Breaking up prolonged sitting with moderate-intensity walking improves attention and executive function in Qatari females. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219565. [PMID: 31299061 PMCID: PMC6625720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cultural, environmental and logistical factors promote a sedentary lifestyle within Qatar, particularly for females. Sedentary behaviour is acutely associated with poor cognitive function and fatigue, and chronically may be implicated with cognitive decline (i.e. Alzheimer’s disease). Purpose To examine the effects of breaking up sitting with short-duration frequent walking bouts on cognitive function and fatigue in Qatari females. Method Eleven sedentary (sitting ≥7 h/day) females completed three visits; the first being familiarisation. In a cross-over randomised manner, experimental visits two and three were identical, except participants either remained seated for 5-h (SIT) or interrupted their sitting every 30-min with a 3-min moderate-intensity walk (WALK) on a motorised treadmill. The Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessed cognition at baseline (-15-min), and then at 2.5-h and 5-h into the experimental conditions. Specific COMPASS tasks employed were; serial-3 subtractions (2-min), serial-7 subtractions (2-min), simple reaction time (RT; 50 stimuli), rapid visual information processing [RVIP (5-min)], choice reaction time (CRT; 50 stimuli), and Stroop (60 stimuli); and a visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS-F) was completed at the same time intervals. Results There was a significant condition effect for CRT (f = 26.7, p = 0.007). On average CRT was 101 s (95% CI = -47 to -156 s) quicker in WALK compared to SIT. There was a significant time effect for CRT (f = 15.5, p = 0.01). On average CRT was 134 s slower at 5-h compared to baseline (p = 0.006; 95% CI = -64 to -203 s), and 114 s slower at 5-h compared to 2.5-h (p = 0.01; 95% CI = -44 to -183 s). There was a significant interaction effect for RT in the Stroop incongruent task (f = 10.0, p = 0.03). On average RT was 210 s quicker at 2.5-h in WALK compared to SIT (p = 0.01; 95% CI = -76 to -346 s). Conclusion Breaking up prolonged sitting with moderate-intensity walking offers an ecologically valid intervention to enhance some aspects of cognitive function, whilst not affecting fatigue in sedentary Qatari females. Whilst these findings are promising, the long-term effects of breaking up sitting on cognitive function requires testing before population level recommendations can be made.
Collapse
|
15
|
Han HO, Lim J, Viskochil R, Aguiar EJ, Tudor-Locke C, Chipkin SR. Pilot Study of Impact of a Pedal Desk on Postprandial Responses in Sedentary Workers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:2156-2163. [PMID: 29864080 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been linked to rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease through insulin resistance and other mechanisms. Although sedentary workplace environments have unintentionally contributed to the risk for chronic diseases, innovations in the workplace environment could potentially rectify this public and occupational health problem. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of light-intensity physical activity using a pedal desk (PD) compared with a standard desk (STD) in a pilot study on postprandial metabolic responses and work skills. METHODS Twelve overweight/obese full-time sedentary office workers (six men and six women; body mass index, 28.7 ± 3.6 kg·m) were tested in two conditions: 1) PD, pedaling at self-selected light-intensity pace for 2 h and 2) STD, remaining seated for 2 h in a conventional workstation setup while performing scripted computer-based work tasks. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and free-fatty acids in response to a standardized meal and work skills were evaluated. Paired samples t-tests were used to examine the differences in metabolic responses and work performance tasks between the conditions. RESULTS Pedal desk use required significantly less insulin to maintain glucose concentrations compared with STD condition (peak insulin concentration, 42.1 μU·mL vs 66.9 μU·mL; P = 0.03; and area under the curve, 302.6 vs 441.8 μU·min·mL; P < 0.001). No significant changes in plasma glucose and free-fatty acid concentrations were observed at any timepoints (all P > 0.05). In addition, pedaling at a self-paced rate caused no adverse effects on work skills (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The PD resulted in lower postmeal insulin concentrations without an overall negative impact on work skills. Thus, the PD could have the potential to achieve public and occupational health goals in sedentary work environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H O Han
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA.,School of Community Health Sciences, Counselling and Counselling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Jongil Lim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA.,Department of Counseling, Heath and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Richard Viskochil
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | | | - Stuart R Chipkin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Johnson CR, Besachio DA, Delonga D, Kuzniewski C, Mudge CS. Effect of Dynamic Workstation Use on Radiologist Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on CT. J Am Coll Radiol 2019; 16:451-457. [PMID: 30826237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using a treadmill workstation during CT interpretation on radiologists' sensitivity for lung nodule detection, accuracy and adherence to accepted management recommendations, and examination interpretation time. METHODS This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Three radiologists performed a retrospective review of 55 CT examinations of the chest originally performed for lung cancer screening. These studies were reviewed both while sitting at a conventional workstation and while walking at a treadmill workstation. A separate thoracic radiologist reviewed the examinations at a conventional workstation only to serve as a control. The number of pulmonary nodules detected, accuracy of or adherence to follow-up recommendations, and time required for examination interpretation were recorded and compared between each condition. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of nodules detected while walking versus seated. Intraobserver follow-up recommendations were consistent to highly consistent between sitting and walking. There was moderate interobserver agreement between the radiologists' recommendation for seated versus walking conditions. There was a statistically significant difference in time taken to complete each examination, with interpretation during walking taking less time than during sitting. CONCLUSIONS Use of a treadmill workstation does not significantly affect the detection of lung nodules on CT or lead to changes in management recommendations but does decrease examination interpretation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia.
| | - David A Besachio
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - David Delonga
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | | | - Christopher S Mudge
- Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malaeb S, Perez-Leighton CE, Noble EE, Billington C. A "NEAT" Approach to Obesity Prevention in the Modern Work Environment. Workplace Health Saf 2018; 67:102-110. [PMID: 30370831 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918790980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased prevalence of obesity may be due to an increase of being sedentary at work. Increasing non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) using walking workstations may increase total physical activity and promote a leaner physical body composition (or phenotype). The purpose of this study was to test whether walking slowly during work was sufficient to promote a leaner phenotype by increasing physical activity in sedentary desk workers without inducing compensation or a decrease in activity or energy expenditure during the nonworking hours. We conducted a prospective cohort study using a within-subjects crossover design. The design involved two phases each lasting 2 weeks: a treadmill exercise phase in which subjects used a walking workstation for 2.5 hours a day 5 days/week and a control phase in which subjects maintained their normal work activity. Twenty-five sedentary adults working at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System. We measured body weight, body composition, food intake, 24-hour physical activity, and self-reported physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Treadmill exercise caused a leaner phenotype (lean mass gain and fat mass loss) and significantly increased their 24-hour physical activity. Walking workstation use had favorable effects on physical well-being and mental focus and did not adversely affect productivity. Light treadmill exercise during work can increase physical activity and result in a leaner body composition. This is a potentially useful intervention to increase NEAT in the modern sedentary work environment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vantieghem S, Bautmans I, Guchtenaere AD, Tanghe A, Provyn S. Improved cognitive functioning in obese adolescents after a 30-week inpatient weight loss program. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:267-271. [PMID: 29907854 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies linked obesity with a large number of medical conditions including decreased cognitive functioning. The relation between BMI and cognition was proven in adults, but in adolescents the results are conflicting. Further, limited data are available on the impact of weight loss on cognition. This study analyzed the impact of a 30-week lasting weight loss program on cognition and determined the impact of changes in body composition and self-perceived fatigue on changes in cognition. METHODS Sixty-two obese adolescents were evaluated at baseline and after 30 weeks. Stroop test (ST; selective attention), Continuous Performance Test (CPT; sustained attention) and Ray Auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT; short-term memory) were assessed. Additionally, body composition parameters and fatigue (MFI-20) were evaluated. RESULTS Improved reaction times were found for ST and CPT after the intervention, but were independent for reductions in BMI, fat mass, fat%, and fatigue. Short memory also improved with decreased fatigue as an influencing parameter. Accuracy of ST and CPT showed no significant changes. CONCLUSION A 30-week lasting inpatient weight loss program improved selective attention, sustained attention, and short-term memory. Changes in body composition did not explain the improvements in cognitive functioning. Decreased fatigue resulted in improved aspects of cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Vantieghem
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Tanghe
- Zeepreventorium, Koninklijke Baan 5, 8420, De Haan, Belgium
| | - Steven Provyn
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Agarwal S, Steinmaus C, Harris-Adamson C. Sit-stand workstations and impact on low back discomfort: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:538-552. [PMID: 29115188 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1402960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sit-stand workstations are proposed solutions to reduce sedentary time at work. Numerous companies are using them to mitigate health concerns such as musculoskeletal discomfort. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on sit-stand workstations and low back discomfort. METHOD We conducted a meta-analysis on literature published before 17 November 2016 that addressed the relationship between sit-stand workstations and musculoskeletal discomfort, focusing on the low back. RESULTS Twelve articles were identified and eight that presented results in means (SD) were included. Among a pain-free population, the standardised mean difference was -0.230 for low back discomfort with use of sit-stand workstations. When applying the SMD to studies using the 10-point pain scale, the effect estimates ranged between -0.30 and -0.51. CONCLUSION sit-stand workstations may reduce low back pain among workers. Further research is needed to help quantify dosage parameters and other health outcomes. Practitioner Summary: In a sedentary population, changing posture may reduce the chance of developing low back pain. The literature lacks studies on specific populations such as those who have pre-existing low back pain and also does not adequately address the dosage of sit-stand time required to help reduce pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Agarwal
- a Department of Medicine , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- a Department of Medicine , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
- b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Carisa Harris-Adamson
- a Department of Medicine , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
- c Environmental Health Sciences , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ojo SO, Bailey DP, Chater AM, Hewson DJ. The Impact of Active Workstations on Workplace Productivity and Performance: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E417. [PMID: 29495542 PMCID: PMC5876962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Active workstations have been recommended for reducing sedentary behavior in the workplace. It is important to understand if the use of these workstations has an impact on worker productivity. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of active workstations on workplace productivity and performance. A total of 3303 articles were initially identified by a systematic search and seven articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion. A quality appraisal was conducted to assess risk of bias, confounding, internal and external validity, and reporting. Most of the studies reported cognitive performance as opposed to productivity. Five studies assessed cognitive performance during use of an active workstation, usually in a single session. Sit-stand desks had no detrimental effect on performance, however, some studies with treadmill and cycling workstations identified potential decreases in performance. Many of the studies lacked the power required to achieve statistical significance. Three studies assessed workplace productivity after prolonged use of an active workstation for between 12 and 52 weeks. These studies reported no significant effect on productivity. Active workstations do not appear to decrease workplace performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samson O Ojo
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK.
| | - Angel M Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK.
| | - David J Hewson
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mohammadi S, Mokhtarinia HR, Jafarpisheh AS, Kasaeian A, Osqueizadeh R. Investigating the Effects of Different Working Postures on Cognitive Performance. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/jrehab.18.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
In-Class Cycling to Augment College Student Academic Performance and Reduce Physical Inactivity: Results from an RCT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111343. [PMID: 29113036 PMCID: PMC5707982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most college students sit 14 hours per week on average, excluding sedentary study time. Researchers observing workplace and elementary school settings with active workstations to combat sedentary behavior have shown enhanced cognition without distraction. Until now, incorporating active workstations in college classroom settings remained relatively unexplored. This study’s purpose was to assess academic performance using in-class stationary cycle desks during a semester-long lecture course. Twenty-one college students (19–24 years) enrolled in a lecture course volunteered and were split into traditional sit (SIT) and stationary cycle (CYC) groups randomly, matched on a calculated factor equal to a physical activity (PA) score (0–680) multiplied by grade point average (GPA; 4.0 scale). CYC pedaled a prescribed rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of less than 2 out of 10 during a 50-min lecture, 3 × week for 12 weeks. CYC averaged 42 min, 7.9 miles, and 1.7 RPE during class throughout the semester. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between CYC and SIT on in-class test scores or overall course grades. Although statistically insignificant, CYC had higher mean test scores and overall course grades vs. SIT (i.e., B+ vs. B, respectively). Low intensity cycling during a college lecture course maintained student academic performance and possibly reduced weekly sedentary behavior time.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rathore A, Lom B. The effects of chronic and acute physical activity on working memory performance in healthy participants: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Syst Rev 2017; 6:124. [PMID: 28666470 PMCID: PMC5493123 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how physical activity (PA) influences cognitive function in populations with cognitive impairments, such as dementia, is an increasingly studied topic yielding numerous published systematic reviews. In contrast, however, there appears to be less interest in examining associations between PA and cognition in cognitively healthy individuals. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate and synthesize randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies that investigated the effects of both chronic and acute PA on working memory performance (WMP) in physically and cognitively healthy individuals. METHODS Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of studies published between August 2009 and December 2016 was performed on RCTs investigating the effects of chronic and acute PA on WMP with healthy participants as the sample populations. Searches were conducted in Annual Reviews, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Main inclusion criteria stipulated (1) healthy sample populations, (2) PA interventions, (3) WMP as an outcome, and (4) RCT designs. Descriptive statistics included cohort and intervention characteristics and a risk of bias assessment. Analytical statistics included meta-analyses and moderation analyses. RESULTS From 7345 non-duplicates, 15 studies (eight chronic PA and seven acute PA studies) met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Overall, there was noticeable variance between both cohort and intervention characteristics. Sample populations ranged from primary school children to retirement community members with PA ranging from cycling to yoga. The majority of studies were characterized by "low" or "unclear" risk of selection, performance, detection, attrition, reporting, or other biases. Meta-analysis of chronic PA revealed a significant, small effect size while analysis of acute PA revealed a non-significant, trivial result. Age and intensity were significant moderators while allocation concealment, blinding, and intervention length were not. CONCLUSIONS Chronic PA can significantly improve WMP while acute PA cannot. The limiting factors for acute PA studies point to the diversity of working memory instruments utilized, unequal sample sizes between studies, and the sample age groups. Large-scale, high-quality RCTs are needed in order to provide generalizable and more powerful analysis between PA and WMP in a systematic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Rathore
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC USA
| | - Barbara Lom
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
EHMANN PETERJ, BRUSH CHRISTOPHERJ, OLSON RYANL, BHATT SHIVANGN, BANU ANDREAH, ALDERMAN BRANDONL. Active Workstations Do Not Impair Executive Function in Young and Middle-Age Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:965-974. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Torbeyns T, de Geus B, Bailey S, De Pauw K, Decroix L, Van Cutsem J, Meeusen R. Cycling on a Bike Desk Positively Influences Cognitive Performance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165510. [PMID: 27806079 PMCID: PMC5091773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cycling desks as a means to reduce sedentary time in the office has gained interest as excessive sitting has been associated with several health risks. However, the question rises if people will still be as efficient in performing their desk-based office work when combining this with stationary cycling. Therefore, the effect of cycling at 30% Wmax on typing, cognitive performance and brain activity was investigated. Methods After two familiarisation sessions, 23 participants performed a test battery [typing test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), Stroop test and Rosvold continuous performance test (RCPT)] with electroencephalography recording while cycling and sitting on a conventional chair. Results Typing performance, performance on the RAVLT and accuracy on the Stroop test and the RCPT did not differ between conditions. Reaction times on the Stroop test and the RCPT were shorter while cycling relative to sitting (p < 0.05). N200, P300, N450 and conflict SP latency and amplitude on the Stroop test and N200 and P300 on the RCPT did not differ between conditions. Conclusions This study showed that typing performance and short-term memory are not deteriorated when people cycle at 30% Wmax. Furthermore, cycling had a positive effect on response speed across tasks requiring variable amounts of attention and inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Torbeyns
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bas de Geus
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephen Bailey
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, United States of America
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Decroix
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Cutsem
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Combating the Health Risks of Sedentary Behavior in the Contemporary Radiology Reading Room. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:1135-40. [PMID: 27057784 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We detail the association of sedentary behavior with a variety of health problems and provide the radiologist with a number of simple activities and techniques that can improve overall health while still meeting the productivity demands of a high-volume practice. Although these techniques are well known and recognized in the fitness and nutrition literature, they are not widely used in the radiology reading room. The computer- and workstation-based work routinely performed by diagnostic radiologists typically occurs in the seated position, leading to more than 8 hours per day of sitting. Studies have found that even for those who exercise regularly, spending increased time sitting can negate the healthful effects of exercise. Time spent in a seated or sedentary position leads to slowing of one's metabolism, with negative resultant effects. CONCLUSION The concept of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) will be described, with examples given of how to burn more calories while at work and, therefore, improve the health of the diagnostic radiologist. NEAT refers to the energy expended during activities of daily living, excluding sportlike or intentional exercise. The concept of NEAT must be understood by radiologists, because it allows the development of multiple strategies to combat the ill effects of sitting while working. Adding intermittent movement and stretching exercises throughout the day can stimulate metabolism. An understanding of the association of sedentary work behavior with a number of health risks is crucial for radiologists so that they can implement basic changes into their work routine, allowing them to increase activity to address and avoid these potential health hazards.
Collapse
|
28
|
Peterman JE, Wright KP, Melanson EL, Kram R, Byrnes WC. Motor-Driven (Passive) Cycling: A Potential Physical Inactivity Countermeasure? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1821-8. [PMID: 27054677 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have previously shown that motor-driven (passive) stationary cycling elevates energy expenditure (EE). PURPOSE This study aimed to quantify how acute passive cycling affects glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and basic cognition compared with sitting and moderate-intensity active cycling. METHODS Twenty-four physically inactive healthy males completed three trials in randomized order involving 30-min conditions of sitting, passive cycling, and moderate-intensity cycling. During each condition, EE was measured, and participants performed cognitive tests. After each condition, a 2-h OGTT was performed. RESULTS EE was significantly higher during the cycling conditions compared with sitting (1.36 ± 0.58 and 6.50 ± 1.73 kcal·min greater than sitting for passive and moderate-intensity, respectively). A significant correlation was found between body fat percentage and postsitting OGTT 2-h postplasma glucose (r = 0.30, P < 0.05); thus, participants were divided into lean (n = 11) and nonlean (n = 13) groups. In the nonlean group, compared with sitting, passive cycling lowered 2-h postplasma glucose (7.7 ± 1.3 vs 6.9 ± 1.6 mmol·L, respectively, P < 0.05), and the Matsuda whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) was higher (2.74 ± 0.86 vs 3.36 ± 1.08, P < 0.05). In addition, passive and moderate-intensity cycling had similar beneficial effects on 2-h postplasma glucose and WBISI. Cognitive performance did not significantly differ between the sitting and passive cycling conditions. CONCLUSIONS Two-hour postplasma glucose was lower and WBISI after acute passive cycling was higher in nonlean participants. Given that and the increase in EE without changes in cognitive performance, we propose passive cycling as a promising intervention to counteract some of the deleterious effects of prolonged sitting in the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Peterman
- 1Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO; 2Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and 3Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Larson MJ, LeCheminant JD, Carbine K, Hill KR, Christenson E, Masterson T, LeCheminant R. Slow walking on a treadmill desk does not negatively affect executive abilities: an examination of cognitive control, conflict adaptation, response inhibition, and post-error slowing. Front Psychol 2015; 6:723. [PMID: 26074861 PMCID: PMC4444606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing trend in the workplace is for employees to walk on treadmills while working to attain known health benefits; however, the effect of walking on a treadmill during cognitive control and executive function tasks is not well known. We compared the cognitive control processes of conflict adaptation (i.e., congruency sequence effects—improved performance following high-conflict relative to low-conflict trials), post-error slowing (i.e., Rabbitt effect), and response inhibition during treadmill walking (1.5 mph) relative to sitting. Understanding the influence of treadmill desks on these cognitive processes may have implications for worker health and productivity. Sixty-nine individuals were randomized to either a sitting (n = 35) or treadmill-walking condition (n = 34). Groups did not differ in age or body mass index. All participants completed a computerized Eriksen flanker task and a response-inhibition go/no-go task in random order while either walking on a treadmill or seated. Response times (RTs) and accuracy were analyzed separately for each task using mixed model analysis of variance. Separate ANOVAs for RTs and accuracy showed the expected conflict adaptation effects, post-error slowing, and response inhibition effects when collapsed across sitting and treadmill groups (all Fs > 78.77, Ps < 0.001). There were no main effects or interactions as a function of group for any analyses (Fs < 0.79, Ps > 0.38), suggesting no decrements or enhancements in conflict-related control and adjustment processes or response inhibition for those walking on a treadmill versus sitting. We conclude that cognitive control performance remains relatively unaffected during slow treadmill walking relative to sitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | | | - Kaylie Carbine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | - Kyle R Hill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | - Edward Christenson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | - Travis Masterson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| | - Rick LeCheminant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|