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Souza LL, Rossetti CL, Peixoto TC, Manhães AC, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Neonatal nicotine exposure affects adult rat hepatic pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and macroautophagy in a sex-dependent manner. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:639-647. [PMID: 38037831 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves changes in hepatic pathways, as lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and macroautophagy. Maternal nicotine exposure exclusively during lactation leads to fatty liver (steatosis) only in the adult male offspring, not in females. Therefore, our hypothesis is that neonatal exposure to nicotine sex-dependently affects the signaling pathways involved in hepatic homeostasis of the offspring, explaining the hepatic lipid accumulation phenotype only in males. For this, between postnatal days 2 and 16, Wistar rat dams were implanted with osmotic minipumps, which released nicotine (NIC; 6 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle. The livers of offspring were evaluated at postnatal day 180. Only the male offspring that had been exposed to nicotine neonatally showed increased protein expression of markers of unfolded protein response (UPR), highlighting the presence of ER stress, as well as disruption of the activation of the macroautophagy repair pathway. These animals also had increased expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 4-hydroxynonenal, suggesting increased triglyceride esterification and oxidative stress. These parameters were not altered in the female offspring that had been neonatally exposed to nicotine, however they exhibited increased phospho adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pAMPK expression, possibly as a protective mechanism. Thus, the disturbance in the hepatic homeostasis by UPR, macroautophagy, and oxidative stress modifications seem to be the molecular mechanisms underlying the liver steatosis in the adult male offspring of the nicotine-programming model. This highlights the importance of maternal smoking cessation during breastfeeding to decrease the risk of NAFLD development, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ghorab D, Abu-El-Rub EM, Gharaibeh MH, Yehya A, Khasawneh RR, Matalqah LM, Helaly AM. Neurological Effects of Combining Low Toxic Dose of Tramadol and Nicotine: An Animal Model Evidence of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1953356. [PMID: 37593523 PMCID: PMC10432102 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1953356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol abuse is a common problem in the Middle East in conjunction with smoking. The current study applied immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and ELISA to test the combination toxicity. Low toxic doses of tramadol induced animal brain cortex inflammation and hippocampus injury. Adding nicotine reverted hippocampus pathological changes without triggering marked brain injury. The expression of CHOP protein with real-time PCR showed mild endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) in rat's brain. Histological, immunohistochemical, and western blotting analysis of CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) and BIP (immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein) chaperones demonstrated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brains of animals. Furthermore, the levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers demonstrated a mild reaction. The blood level of serotonin was high in all study groups, with a marked increase in the combined one. The high serotonin levels in the blood can be critical and associated with a high risk of serious withdrawal and pathological consequences. Serotonin receptor blockers such as olanzapine may increase systemic serotonin levels and need further investigation to utterly pinpoint their roles in managing mood disorders. In conclusion, the combination of tramadol and nicotine is less harmful than expected. However, serious withdrawal effects can occur as a result of high systemic serotonin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ghorab
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ejlal M. Abu-El-Rub
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Hamdi Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Yehya
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ramada R. Khasawneh
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Laila M. Matalqah
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Helaly
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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3
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Beltrán-Castillo S, Bravo K, Eugenín J. Impact of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Placental Function and Respiratory Neural Network Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:233-244. [PMID: 37466776 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with multiple undesirable outcomes in infants, such as low birth weight, increased neonatal morbidity and mortality, and catastrophic conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Nicotine, the most addictive and teratogenic substance in tobacco smoke, reaches and crosses the placenta and can be accumulated in the amniotic fluid and distributed by fetal circulation, altering the cholinergic transmission by acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed from very early gestational stages in the placenta and fetal tissue. Because nAChRs influence the establishment of feto-maternal circulation and the emergence of neuronal networks, prenatal nicotine exposure can lead to multiple alterations in newborns. In this mini-review, we discuss the undeniable effects of nicotine in the placenta and the respiratory neural network as examples of how prenatal nicotine and smoking exposition can affect brain development because dysfunction in this network is involved in SIDS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Beltrán-Castillo
- Centro integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Karina Bravo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Neurales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile.
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Huovinen M, Ietta F, Repo J, Paulesu L, Vähäkangas K. The effect of ethanol and nicotine on ER stress in human placental villous explants. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100081. [PMID: 35814289 PMCID: PMC9256831 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine increased the GRP78/BiP protein in first trimester and term placental villous explants. Nicotine can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in human placenta. Placental villous explants can be isolated from first trimester and term placenta to compare responses to toxic compounds.
Pregnant mothers continue smoking and drinking during pregnancy. To clarify the mechanisms of nicotine and ethanol toxicity during development, we have examined their effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human first trimester and term placental explants. First trimester and term human placental explants were treated with ethanol (2 ‰) or nicotine (15 µM), or their combination. The ER stress markers glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP) and inositol requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) were analyzed by immunoblotting. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) of GRP78/BiP by nicotine was noted in first trimester placental explants at 48 h, and in term placental explants at 24 h. Ethanol did not change protein expression of GRP78/BiP in either first trimester or term placental explants. IRE1α increased, although not statistically significantly, by all treatments in both first trimester and term placental explants. Thus, regardless of the known structural and functional differences in early and late placenta, both responded very similarly to the toxic compounds studied. These data support our earlier results in BeWo cells (Repo et al., 2014) implicating that nicotine induces ER stress in human placenta and may interfere with placental functions potentially disrupting fetal growth and development.
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Thomson S, Waters KA, Hennessy A, Machaalani R. The unfolded protein response and apoptotic regulation in the human placenta due to maternal cigarette smoking and pre-eclampsia. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:120-127. [PMID: 34492309 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoking (CS) and pre-eclampsia (PE) alter placental function and expression of important proteins which maintain homeostasis. Two interlinked pathways of interest are the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis. The UPR is upregulated in the PE placenta, but no data is available on the effects of CS and how it correlates with apoptotic expression. Samples of human placental tissue from normotensive non-smokers (n = 8), women with PE (n = 8), and CS (n = 8) were analysed using immunohistochemistry for 3 UPR markers (phosphorylated PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (pPERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)), and an antibody microarray for 19 apoptotic and stress regulating markers. For the PE group compared to the normotensive group, staining for pPERK was increased in decidual tissue and villi, and for IRE1, the overall percentage of stained villi per field of view was increased. There were no differences in UPR expression comparing CS to controls. Of the apoptotic markers, only IκBα (Ser32/36), which is part of an inhibitory pathway, showed a significant decrease in the PE and CS groups compared to controls. These findings suggest UPR regulation is more evident in PE with a general increase in ER stress due to decreased inhibition of apoptosis as compared to CS for which UPR was not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - K A Waters
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A Hennessy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, 2751, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - R Machaalani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Oke SL, Hardy DB. The Role of Cellular Stress in Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Postnatal Dysmetabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6986. [PMID: 34209700 PMCID: PMC8268884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the in utero environment can have dire consequences on fetal growth and development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pathological condition by which the fetus deviates from its expected growth trajectory, resulting in low birth weight and impaired organ function. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) postulates that IUGR has lifelong consequences on offspring well-being, as human studies have established an inverse relationship between birth weight and long-term metabolic health. While these trends are apparent in epidemiological data, animal studies have been essential in defining the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this relationship. One such mechanism is cellular stress, a prominent underlying cause of the metabolic syndrome. As such, this review considers the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease in IUGR offspring. In addition, we summarize how uncontrolled cellular stress can lead to programmed cell death within the metabolic organs of IUGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Oke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Bermudez LG, Madariaga I, Zuñiga MI, Olaya M, Cañas A, Rodriguez LS, Moreno OM, Rojas A. RUNX1 gene expression changes in the placentas of women smokers. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:902. [PMID: 34257715 PMCID: PMC8243315 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta can be affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to cigarette smoke. This exposure in the fetal context is considered a risk factor for the development of short-term postnatal diseases, such as asthma. Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by predominant acquisition of CD4 T lymphocytes (TLs) of the Th2 type. Transcription factors such as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and STAT6 actively participate in the differentiation of virgin TLs towards the Th2 profile, while transcription factors such as STAT1, T-Box transcription factor 21 (T-BET), RUNX1 and RUNX3 participate in their differentiation towards the Th1 profile. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to cigarette smoke on the gene expression of STAT1, T-BET, GATA3, IL-4, RUNX1 and RUNX3 during the gestation period, and to determine whether the expression levels of these genes are associated with changes in global methylation. STAT1, GATA3, RUNX1 and RUNX3 protein and mRNA expression levels in the placental tissue of women smokers and non-smoking women were determined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) respectively. Additionally, T-BET and IL-4 mRNA expression levels were determined by qPCR. On the other hand, global methylation was determined via ELISA. In the present study, significant increases were observed in RUNX1 transcription factor expression in placentas from women smokers when compared with placentas of non-smoking women. Similarly, significant increases in the expression of GATA3, IL-4 and RUNX3 mRNA were observed. The changes in gene expression were not associated with changes in the global methylation levels. Finally, a higher frequency of low-birth-weight infants were identified in cases of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy when compared with infants not exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. Thus, the data of the present study contributed to the understanding of the genetic and clinical impacts of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and its importance in maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litzy Gisella Bermudez
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ithzayana Madariaga
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Zuñiga
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Olaya
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Cañas
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Luz-Stella Rodriguez
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Olga Maria Moreno
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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Gonzales K, Feng V, Bikkina P, Landicho MA, Haas MJ, Mooradian AD. The effect of nicotine and dextrose on endoplasmic reticulum stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:284-291. [PMID: 33884179 PMCID: PMC8045581 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of coronary artery disease (CAD) as is diabetes. However, nicotine has been generally regarded as safe and is used in smoking cessation programs. This presumption of nicotine safety was examined in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was measured using the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SAP) assay. The ER stress markers inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), phospho-IRE1α, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), phospho-PERK, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) were measured by western blot. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and crystal violet staining. Intact and cleaved caspase 3, BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) were measured by western blot. In cells transfected with the SAP expression plasmid, treatment with nicotine resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in SAP expression with no noticeable toxicity. Nicotine (10 nM) also increased IRE1α and PERK phosphorylation, and ATF6 and GRP78 expression. Although nicotine at concentrations up to 10 μM did not cause cell death, treatment of HCAEC with 10 nM nicotine in the presence of 13.8 mM dextrose aggravated ER stress, increased cell death, increased cleaved caspase 3 and BID, and decreased BCL2. Nicotine at concentrations commonly achieved in nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) significantly increased ER stress in HCAEC and aggravated dextrose-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis. People using electronic cigarettes and on NRT may be at increased risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Gonzales
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
| | - Victoria Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
| | - Priyanka Bikkina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
| | - Marie Angelica Landicho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
| | - Michael J Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, L14, Jacksonville, FL, 32209 USA
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Syeda T, Cannon JR. Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22694. [PMID: 33393683 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health crisis due to devastating cognitive symptoms, a lack of curative treatments, and increasing prevalence. Most cases are sporadic (>95% of cases) after the age of 65 years, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Environmental neurotoxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease and AD. Animal models of AD and in vitro studies have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms, yet the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of AD-relevant environmental neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a potentially critical pathogenic target of environmentally induced neurotoxicity. BACE1 clearly has a critical role in AD pathophysiology: It is required for amyloid beta production and expression and activity of BACE1 are increased in the AD brain. Though the literature on BACE1 in response to environmental insults is limited, current studies, along with extensive AD neurobiology literature suggest that BACE1 deserves attention as an important neurotoxic target. Here, we critically review research on environmental neurotoxicants such as metals, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, polyfluoroalkyl substances, heterocyclic aromatic amines, advanced glycation end products, and acrolein that modulate BACE1 and potential mechanisms of action. Though more research is needed to clearly understand whether BACE1 is a critical mediator of AD-relevant neurotoxicity, available reports provide convincing evidence that BACE1 is altered by environmental risk factors associated with AD pathology, implying that BACE1 inhibition and its use as a biomarker should be considered in AD management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Zheng CM, Lee YH, Chiu IJ, Chiu YJ, Sung LC, Hsu YH, Chiu HW. Nicotine Causes Nephrotoxicity through the Induction of NLRP6 Inflammasome and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040092. [PMID: 33114531 PMCID: PMC7711477 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current cigarette smoking is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or death from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Mainstream cigarette smoke includes over 4000 compounds. Among the compounds present in tobacco smoke, nicotine is one of a large number of biologically stable and active compounds present in tobacco. However, the mechanisms by which nicotine exacerbates kidney disease progression have not been identified. It is known that the inflammasomes constitute an important innate immune pathway and contribute to the pathophysiology of diverse kidney diseases. The relationship between inflammasomes and nicotine-induced kidney damage still remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms of nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that nicotine decreased cell viability and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human kidney cells. Furthermore, nicotine significantly increased the expression of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Nicotine activated the NLRP6 inflammasome and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Nicotine caused mild apoptosis and necrosis but triggered significant autophagy in human kidney cells. In addition, nicotine induced the NLRP6 inflammasome and autophagy via α7nAChR. In an animal model, the histological analysis in kidney showed evident changes and injury. The results indicated that α7nAChR, IRE1α, LC3 and NLRP6 expression in kidney sections was markedly increased in the nicotine groups. These findings suggest that nicotine causes kidney damage by modulating α7nAChR, NLRP6 inflammasome, ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan;
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8156) (Y.-H.H.); +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8156) (Y.-H.H.); +886-2-22490088 (ext. 8884) (H.-W.C.)
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11
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Suter MA, Aagaard KM. The impact of tobacco chemicals and nicotine on placental development. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1193-1200. [PMID: 32010988 PMCID: PMC7396310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental-derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, TX
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12
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Hsu CC, Su YF, Tsai KY, Kuo FC, Chiang CF, Chien CY, Chen YC, Lee CH, Wu YC, Wang K, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 32669976 PMCID: PMC7350738 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of neuronal protein γ-synuclein (SNCG) in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not clear. This study tested the hypothesis that SNCG is involved in nicotine-induced malignant behaviors of OSCC. The effect of nicotine on SNCG expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were examined. Methods Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and an antagonist specific for α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) were used to examine the role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the effects of nicotine. Knockdown of SNCG in nicotine-treated cells was performed to investigate the role of SNCG in cancer malignancy. The in vivo effect of nicotine was examined using a nude mouse xenotransplantation model. Results Nicotine increased SNCG expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression. After specific knockdown of α7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated. Silencing of SNCG abolished nicotine-induced invasion and migration of OSCC cells. The xenotransplantation model revealed that nicotine augmented tumor growth and SNCG expression. Conclusion Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the α7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500 Taiwan.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
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13
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Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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14
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Lojpur T, Easton Z, Raez-Villanueva S, Laviolette S, Holloway AC, Hardy DB. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human BeWo trophoblasts. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 87:21-31. [PMID: 31054322 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While studies have demonstrated that the main psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) alone induces placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Given that both (i) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pregnancy and (ii) gestational exposure to Δ9-THC leads to placental deficiency, we hypothesized that Δ9-THC may directly induce placental ER stress, influencing trophoblast gene expression and mitochondrial function. BeWo human trophoblast cells treated with Δ9-THC (3-30 μM) led to a dose-dependent increase in all ER stress markers and CHOP; these effects could be blocked with CB1R/CB2R antagonists. Moreover, expression of ER stress-sensitive genes ERRγ, VEGFA, and FLT-1 were increased by Δ9-THC, and abrogated with the ER stress inhibitor TUDCA. Δ9-THC also diminished mitochondrial respiration and ATP-coupling due to decreased abundance of mitochondrial chain complex proteins. Collectively, these findings indicate that Δ9-THC can directly augment ER stress resulting in aberrant placental gene expression and impaired mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lojpur
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven Laviolette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Tsai SY, Bendriem RM, Lee CTD. The cellular basis of fetal endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in drug-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100145. [PMID: 30937351 PMCID: PMC6430408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal substance exposure is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although the opioid crisis remains one of the most prevalent addiction problems in our society, abuse of cocaine, methamphetamines, and other illicit drugs, particularly amongst pregnant women, are nonetheless significant and widespread. Evidence demonstrates prenatal drug exposure can affect fetal brain development and thus can have long-lasting impact on neurobehavioral and cognitive performance later in life. In this review, we highlight research examining the most prevalent drugs of abuse and their effects on brain development with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress signaling pathways. A thorough exploration of drug-induced cellular stress mechanisms during prenatal brain development may provide insight into therapeutic interventions to combat effects of prenatal drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y.A. Tsai
- Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, The National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raphael M. Bendriem
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chun-Ting D. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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16
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Maternal nutrient restriction in guinea pigs leads to fetal growth restriction with increased brain apoptosis. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:105-112. [PMID: 30420709 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts cell death in the brain with implications for neurodevelopmental adversity. METHODS Guinea pigs were fed ad libitum (Control) or 70% of the control diet before pregnancy, switching to 90% at mid-pregnancy (MNR). Fetuses were necropsied near term and brain tissues processed for necrosis (H&E), apoptosis (TUNEL), and pro- (Bax) and anti- (Bcl-2 and Grp78) apoptotic protein immunoreactivity. RESULTS FGR-MNR fetal and brain weights were decreased 38% and 12%, respectively, indicating brain sparing but with brains still smaller. While necrosis remained unchanged, apoptosis was increased in the white matter and hippocampus in the FGR brains, and control and FGR-related apoptosis were increased in males for most brain areas. Bax was increased in the CA4 and Bcl-2 was decreased in the dentate gyrus in the FGR brains supporting a role in the increased apoptosis, while Grp78 was increased in the FGR females, possibly contributing to the sex-related differences. CONCLUSIONS MNR-induced FGR results in increased brain apoptosis with regional and sex-related differences that may contribute to the reduction in brain area size reported clinically and increased risk in FGR males for later neurodevelopmental adversity.
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17
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Caillard A, Sadoune M, Cescau A, Meddour M, Gandon M, Polidano E, Delcayre C, Da Silva K, Manivet P, Gomez AM, Cohen-Solal A, Vodovar N, Li Z, Mebazaa A, Samuel JL. QSOX1, a novel actor of cardiac protection upon acute stress in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 119:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Lin F, Liao C, Sun Y, Zhang J, Lu W, Bai Y, Liao Y, Li M, Ni X, Hou Y, Qi Y, Chen Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:675. [PMID: 29033840 PMCID: PMC5625329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apoptosis of lung structural cells contributes to the process of lung damage and remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies demonstrated that exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can reduce the lung tissue pathology score, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects in COPD, but the effect of H2S in regulating cigarette smoke (CS) induced bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Objectives: To investigate the effect of H2S on CS induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats randomly divided into four groups for treatment: control, CS, NaHS + CS, and propargylglycine (PPG) + CS. The rats in the CS group were exposed to CS generated from 20 commercial unfiltered cigarettes for 4 h/day, 7 days/week for 4 months. Since the beginning of the third month, freshly prepared NaHS (14 μmol/kg) and PPG (37.5 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before CS-exposure in the NaHS and PPG groups. 16HBE cells were pretreated with Taurine (10 mM), 5 mmol/L 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) or NaHS (100, 200, and 400 μM) for 30 min, and then cells were exposed to 40 μmol/L nicotine for 72 h. ERS markers (GRP94, GRP78) and ERS-mediated apoptosis markers 4-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-3 and caspase-12 were assessed in rat lung tissues and human bronchial epithelial cells. The apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells were detected by Hoechst staining in vitro and TUNEL staining in vivo. Results: In CS exposed rats, peritoneal injection of NaHS significantly inhibited CS induced overexpression ERS-mediated apoptosis markers and upregulation of apoptotic rate in rat lungs, and inhibiting the endogenous H2S production by peritoneal injection of PPG exacerbated these effects. In the nicotine-exposed bronchial epithelial cells, appropriate concentration of NaHS and ERS inhibitors taurine and 4-PBA inhibited nicotine-induced upregulation of apoptotic rate and overexpression of ERS-mediated apoptosis markers. Conclusion: H2S inhibited lung tissue damage by attenuating CS induced ERS in rat lung and exogenous H2S attenuated nicotine induced ERS-mediated apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Barra NG, Lisyansky M, Vanduzer TA, Raha S, Holloway AC, Hardy DB. Maternal nicotine exposure leads to decreased cardiac protein disulfide isomerase and impaired mitochondrial function in male rat offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1517-1526. [PMID: 28681937 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smoking throughout pregnancy can lead to complications during gestation, parturition and neonatal development. Thus, nicotine replacement therapies are a popular alternative thought to be safer than cigarettes. However, recent studies in rodents suggest that fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure alone results in cardiac dysfunction and high blood pressure. While it is well known that perinatal nicotine exposure causes increased congenital abnormalities, the mechanisms underlying longer-term deficits in cardiac function are not completely understood. Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that nicotine impairs placental protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) triggering an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading us to hypothesize that this may also occur in the heart. At 3 months of age, nicotine-exposed offspring had 45% decreased PDI levels in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Given the association of PDI and superoxide dismutase enzymes, we further observed that antioxidant superoxide dismutase-2 levels were reduced by 32% in these offspring concomitant with a 26-49% decrease in mitochondrial complex proteins (I, II, IV and V) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4, a critical matrix metalloprotease for cardiac contractility and health. Collectively, this study suggests that perinatal nicotine exposure decreases PDI, which can promote oxidative damage and mitochondrial damage, associated with a premature decline in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Lisyansky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor A Vanduzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Homeostasis in Reproductive Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040792. [PMID: 28397763 PMCID: PMC5412376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), comprises 60% of the total cell membrane and interacts directly or indirectly with several cell organelles i.e., Golgi bodies, mitochondria and proteasomes. The ER is usually associated with large numbers of attached ribosomes. During evolution, ER developed as the specific cellular site of synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking of secretory and cell-surface proteins. The ER is also the major intracellular calcium storage compartment that maintains cellular calcium homeostasis. During the production of functionally effective proteins, several ER-specific molecular steps sense quantity and quality of synthesized proteins as well as proper folding into their native structures. During this process, excess accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen results in ER stress, the homeostatic coping mechanism that activates an ER-specific adaptation program, (the unfolded protein response; UPR) to increase ER-associated degradation of structurally and/or functionally defective proteins, thus sustaining ER homeostasis. Impaired ER homeostasis results in aberrant cellular responses, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Both female and male reproductive tissues undergo highly dynamic cellular, molecular and genetic changes such as oogenesis and spermatogenesis starting in prenatal life, mainly controlled by sex-steroids but also cytokines and growth factors throughout reproductive life. These reproductive changes require ER to provide extensive protein synthesis, folding, maturation and then their trafficking to appropriate cellular location as well as destroying unfolded/misfolded proteins via activating ER-associated degradation mediated proteasomes. Many studies have now shown roles for ER stress/UPR signaling cascades in the endometrial menstrual cycle, ovarian folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation, spermatogenesis, fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development and pregnancy and parturition. Conversely, the contribution of impaired ER homeostasis by severe/prolong ER stress-mediated UPR signaling pathways to several reproductive tissue pathologies including endometriosis, cancers, recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy complications associated with pre-term birth have been reported. This review focuses on ER stress and UPR signaling mechanisms, and their potential roles in female and male reproductive physiopathology involving in menstrual cycle changes, gametogenesis, preimplantation embryo development, implantation and placentation, labor, endometriosis, pregnancy complications and preterm birth as well as reproductive system tumorigenesis.
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Reyna L, Flores-Martín J, Ridano ME, Panzetta-Dutari GM, Genti-Raimondi S. Chlorpyrifos induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in JEG-3 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hunt NJ, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Promotion of the Unfolding Protein Response in Orexin/Dynorphin Neurons in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Elevated pPERK and ATF4 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7171-7185. [PMID: 27796753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants have decreased orexin immunoreactivity within the hypothalamus and pons compared to non-SIDS infants. In this study, we examined multiple mechanisms that may promote loss of orexin expression including programmed cell death, impaired maturation/structural stability, neuroinflammation and impaired unfolding protein response (UPR). Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining for a number of markers was performed in the tuberal hypothalamus and pons of infants (1-10 months) who died from SIDS (n = 27) compared to age- and sex-matched non-SIDS infants (n = 19). The markers included orexin A (OxA), dynorphin (Dyn), cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), cleaved caspase 9 (CC9), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), tubulin beta chain 3 (TUBB3), myelin basic protein (MBP), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), c-fos and the UPR activation markers: phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (pPERK), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). It was hypothesised that pPERK and ATF4 would be upregulated in Ox neurons in SIDS compared to non-SIDS. Within the hypothalamus, OxA and Dyn co-localised with a 20 % decrease in expression in SIDS infants (P = 0.001). pPERK and ATF4 expression in OxA neurons were increased by 35 % (P = 0.001) and 15 % (P = 0.001) respectively, with linear relationships between the decreased OxA/Dyn expression and the percentages of co-localised pPERK/OxA and ATF4/OxA evident (P = 0.01, P = 0.01). No differences in co-localisation with CC9, CC3, TUNEL or c-fos, nor expression of MBP, TUBB3, IL-1β and GFAP, were observed in the hypothalamus. In the pons, there were 40 % and 20 % increases in pPERK expression in the locus coeruleus (P = 0.001) and dorsal raphe (P = 0.022) respectively; ATF4 expression was not changed. The findings that decreased orexin levels in SIDS infants may be associated with an accumulation of pPERK suggest decreased orexin translation. As pPERK may inhibit multiple neuronal groups in the pons in SIDS infants, it could also indicate that a common pathway promotes loss of protein expression and impaired functionality of multiple brainstem neuronal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- SIDS and Sleep Apnoea Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Room 206, Blackburn Building, D06, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,BOSCH Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Waters
- SIDS and Sleep Apnoea Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Room 206, Blackburn Building, D06, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,BOSCH Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- SIDS and Sleep Apnoea Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Room 206, Blackburn Building, D06, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,BOSCH Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,The Children's Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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The Natural Occurring Compounds Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7831282. [PMID: 27563337 PMCID: PMC4987485 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7831282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ER stress has been implicated in pathophysiological development of many diseases. Persistent overwhelming stimuli trigger ER stress to initiate apoptosis, autophagy, and cell death. IRE1-JNK and eIF2α-CHOP signaling pathways are the two important players of ER stress, which is also modulated by ROS production, calcium disturbance, and inflammatory factors. ER stress has been developed as a novel strategy for diseases management. Recently, a vast of research focuses on the natural occurring compounds targeting ER stress, which results in medical benefits to human diseases. These small reported molecules mainly include polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins. Many of them have been developed for use in clinical applications. To better understand the pharmacological mechanism of these molecules in ER stress in diseases, efforts have been made to discover and deliver medical merits. In this paper, we will summarize the natural occurring compounds targeting ER stress.
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Wong MK, Holloway AC, Hardy DB. Nicotine Directly Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Rat Placental Trophoblast Giant Cells. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:23-34. [PMID: 26803847 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy leads to placental insufficiency impairing both fetal and neonatal development. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that in rats, nicotine augmented endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in association with placental insufficiency; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, we sought to investigate the possible direct effect of nicotine on ER stress in Rcho-1 rat placental trophoblast giant (TG) cells during differentiation. Protein and/or mRNA expression of markers involved in ER stress (eg, phosphorylated PERK, eIF2α, CHOP, and BiP/GRP78) and TG cell differentiation and function (eg, Pl-1, placental growth factor [Pgf], Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2) were quantified via Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nicotine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of PERK[Thr981] and eIF2α[Ser51], whereas pretreatment with a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (mecamylamine hydrochloride) blocked the induction of PERK phosphorylation, verifying the direct involvement of nicotine and nAChR binding. We next investigated select target genes known to play essential roles in placental TG cell differentiation and function (Pl-1, Pgf, Hsd11b1, and Hsd11b2), and found that nicotine significantly augmented the mRNA levels of Hsd11b1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, using tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a safe bile acid known to improve protein chaperoning and folding, we were able to prevent nicotine-induced increases in both PERK phosphorylation and Hsd11b1 mRNA levels, revealing a potential novel therapeutic approach to reverse the deleterious effects of nicotine exposure in pregnancy. Collectively, these results implicate that nicotine, acting through its receptor, can directly augment ER stress and impair placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Wong
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson, Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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M. Carballosa C, M. Greenberg J, S. Cheung H. Expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in stem cells. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Wong MK, Barra NG, Alfaidy N, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Adverse effects of perinatal nicotine exposure on reproductive outcomes. Reproduction 2015; 150:R185-93. [PMID: 26432348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy through cigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapies or e-cigarette use continues to be a widespread public health problem, impacting both fetal and postnatal health. Yet, at this time, there remains limited data regarding the safety and efficacy in using these nicotine products during pregnancy. Notably, reports assessing the effect of nicotine exposure on postnatal health outcomes in humans, including reproductive health, are severely lacking. Our current understanding regarding the consequences of nicotine exposure during pregnancy is limited to a few animal studies, which do not comprehensively address the underlying cellular mechanisms involved. This paper aims to critically review the current knowledge from human and animal studies regarding the direct and indirect effects (e.g. obesity) of maternal nicotine exposure, regardless of its source, on reproductive outcomes in pregnancy and postnatal life. Furthermore, this review highlights several key cellular mechanisms involved in these adverse reproductive deficits including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. By understanding the interplay of the cellular mechanisms involved, further strategies could be developed to prevent the reproductive abnormalities resulting from exposure to nicotine in utero and influence informed clinical guidelines for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada University of Grenoble-Alpes 38000; INSERM U 1036, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University, RM HSC-3N52, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | | | - Alison C Holloway
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada University of Grenoble-Alpes 38000; INSERM U 1036, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University, RM HSC-3N52, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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