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Liu H, Ma H, Li Y, Zhao H. Advances in epigenetic modifications and cervical cancer research. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188894. [PMID: 37011697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is an important public health problem for women, and perspectives and information regarding its prevention and treatment are quickly evolving. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been recognized as a major contributor to CC development; however, HPV infection is not the only cause of CC. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels caused by non-gene sequence changes. Growing evidence suggests that the disruption of gene expression patterns which were governed by epigenetic modifications can result in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various other maladies. This article mainly reviews the current research status of epigenetic modifications in CC based on four aspects, respectively DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA regulation and chromatin regulation, and we also discuss their functions and molecular mechanisms in the occurrence and progression of CC. This review provides new ideas for early screening, risk assessment, molecular targeted therapy and prognostic prediction of CC.
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Herzog C, Vavourakis CD, Barrett JE, Karbon G, Villunger A, Wang J, Sundström K, Dillner J, Widschwendter M. HPV-induced host epigenetic reprogramming is lost upon progression to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2321-2330. [PMID: 36810770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a pathogen on host disease can only be studied in samples covering the entire spectrum of pathogenesis. Persistent oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common cause for cervical cancer. Here, we investigate HPV-induced host epigenome-wide changes prior to development of cytological abnormalities. Using cervical sample methylation array data from disease-free women with or without an oncogenic HPV infection, we develop the WID (Women's cancer risk identification)-HPV, a signature reflective of changes in the healthy host epigenome related to high-risk HPV strains (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.85, in nondiseased women). Looking at HPV-associated changes across disease development, HPV-infected women with minor cytological alterations (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/2, CIN1/2), but surprisingly not those with precancerous changes or invasive cervical cancer (CIN3+), show an increased WID-HPV index, indicating the WID-HPV may reflect a successful viral clearance response absent in progression to cancer. Further investigation revealed the WID-HPV is positively associated with apoptosis (ρ = 0.48; P < .001) and negatively associated with epigenetic replicative age (ρ = -0.43; P < .001). Taken together, our data suggest the WID-HPV captures a clearance response associated with apoptosis of HPV-infected cells. This response may be dampened or lost with increased underlying replicative age of infected cells, resulting in progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Charlotte D Vavourakis
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - James E Barrett
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Karbon
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Luteolin Causes 5'CpG Demethylation of the Promoters of TSGs and Modulates the Aberrant Histone Modifications, Restoring the Expression of TSGs in Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074067. [PMID: 35409426 PMCID: PMC8999529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is linked to abnormal epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Since epigenetic alterations, unlike genetic changes, are heritable and reversible, they have been considered as interesting targets for cancer prevention and therapy by dietary compounds such as luteolin. In this study, epigenetic modulatory behaviour of luteolin was analysed on HeLa cells. Various assays including colony forming and migration assays, followed by biochemical assays of epigenetic enzymes including DNA methyltransferase, histone methyl transferase, histone acetyl transferase, and histone deacetylases assays were performed. Furthermore, global DNA methylation and methylation-specific PCR for examining the methylation status of CpG promoters of various tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) and the expression of these TSGs at transcript and protein level were performed. It was observed that luteolin inhibited migration and colony formation in HeLa cells. It also modulated DNA methylation at promoters of TSGs and the enzymatic activity of DNMT, HDAC, HMT, and HAT and reduced the global DNA methylation. Decrease in methylation resulted in the reactivation of silenced tumour suppressor genes including FHIT, DAPK1, PTEN, CDH1, SOCS1, TIMPS, VHL, TP53, TP73, etc. Hence, luteolin-targeted epigenetic alterations provide a promising approach for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Loaeza-Loaeza J, Illades-Aguiar B, Del Moral-Hernández O, Castro-Coronel Y, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Dircio-Maldonado R, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Hernández-Sotelo D. The CpG island methylator phenotype increases the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:4. [PMID: 34991696 PMCID: PMC8740093 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, but additional alterations are necessary for its development. Abnormal DNA methylation has an important role in the origin and dissemination of cervical cancer and other human tumors. In this work, we analyzed the methylation of eight genes (AJAP1, CDH1, CDH13, MAGI2, MGMT, MYOD1, RASSF1A and SOX17) that participate in several biological processes for the maintenance of cell normality. We analyzed DNA methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and HPV infection using the INNO‑LiPA genotyping kit in 59 samples diagnostic of normal cervical tissue (non-SIL), 107 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 29 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 51 cervical cancers (CCs). Results We found that all samples of LSIL, HSIL, and CC were HPV-positive, and the genotypes with higher frequencies were 16, 18, 51 and 56. In general, the genes analyzed displayed a significant tendency toward an increase in methylation levels according to increasing cervical lesion severity, except for the CDH13 gene. High CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was associated with a 50.6-fold (95% CI 4.72–2267.3)-increased risk of HSIL and a 122-fold risk of CC (95% CI 10.04–5349.7). Conclusions We found that CIMP high was significantly associated with HSIL and CC risk. These results could indicate that CIMP together with HR-HPV infection and other factors participates in the development of HSIL and CC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01224-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratory of Cancer Virology, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Castro-Coronel
- Laboratory of Cytopathology and Histochemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Marco A Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Roberto Dircio-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Siegel EM, Ajidahun A, Berglund A, Guerrero W, Eschrich S, Putney RM, Magliocco A, Riggs B, Winter K, Simko JP, Ajani JA, Guha C, Okawara GS, Abdalla I, Becker MJ, Pizzolato JF, Crane CH, Brown KD, Shibata D. Genome-wide host methylation profiling of anal and cervical carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260857. [PMID: 34882728 PMCID: PMC8659695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV infection results in changes in host gene methylation which, in turn, are thought to contribute to the neoplastic progression of HPV-associated cancers. The objective of this study was to identify joint and disease-specific genome-wide methylation changes in anal and cervical cancer as well as changes in high-grade pre-neoplastic lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) anal tissues (n = 143; 99% HPV+) and fresh frozen cervical tissues (n = 28; 100% HPV+) underwent microdissection, DNA extraction, HPV genotyping, bisulfite modification, DNA restoration (FFPE) and analysis by the Illumina HumanMethylation450 Array. Differentially methylated regions (DMR; t test q<0.01, 3 consecutive significant CpG probes and mean Δβ methylation value>0.3) were compared between normal and cancer specimens in partial least squares (PLS) models and then used to classify anal or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-3 (AIN3/CIN3). In AC, an 84-gene PLS signature (355 significant probes) differentiated normal anal mucosa (NM; n = 9) from AC (n = 121) while a 36-gene PLS signature (173 significant probes) differentiated normal cervical epithelium (n = 10) from CC (n = 9). The CC progression signature was validated using three independent publicly available datasets (n = 424 cases). The AC and CC progression PLS signatures were interchangeable in segregating normal, AIN3/CIN3 and AC and CC and were found to include 17 common overlapping hypermethylated genes. Moreover, these signatures segregated AIN3/CIN3 lesions similarly into cancer-like and normal-like categories. Distinct methylation changes occur across the genome during the progression of AC and CC with overall similar profiles and add to the evidence suggesting that HPV-driven oncogenesis may result in similar non-random methylomic events. Our findings may lead to identification of potential epigenetic drivers of HPV-associated cancers and also, of potential markers to identify higher risk pre-cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Siegel
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Anders Berglund
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Whitney Guerrero
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Putney
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Anthony Magliocco
- Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Bridget Riggs
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Winter
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center–ACR, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeff P. Simko
- UCSF Medical Center-Mount Zion, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Chandan Guha
- Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gordon S. Okawara
- Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Abdalla
- Cancer Research for the Ozarks CCOP, Springfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Becker
- Columbus Community Clinical Oncology Program, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Pizzolato
- Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center CCOP, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin D. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
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6
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Arumugam T, Ramphal U, Adimulam T, Chinniah R, Ramsuran V. Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:795121. [PMID: 34925380 PMCID: PMC8674454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on HIV pathogenesis, epigenetic factors are gaining attention. Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism that influences both viral and host factors. This review has five focal points, which examines (i) fluctuations in the expression of methylation modifying factors upon HIV infection (ii) the effect of DNA methylation on HIV viral genes and (iii) host genome (iv) inferences from other infectious and non-communicable diseases, we provide a list of HIV-associated host genes that are regulated by methylation in other disease models (v) the potential of DNA methylation as an epi-therapeutic strategy and biomarker. DNA methylation has also been shown to serve as a robust therapeutic strategy and precision medicine biomarker against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. Despite new drugs being discovered for HIV, drug resistance is a problem in high disease burden settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, genetic therapies that are under investigation are irreversible and may have off target effects. Alternative therapies that are nongenetic are essential. In this review, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation as a novel therapeutic intervention against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Upasana Ramphal
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Theolan Adimulam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Romona Chinniah
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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7
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Da Silva MLR, De Albuquerque BHDR, Allyrio TADMF, De Almeida VD, Cobucci RNDO, Bezerra FL, Andrade VS, Lanza DCF, De Azevedo JCV, De Araújo JMG, Fernandes JV. The role of HPV-induced epigenetic changes in cervical carcinogenesis (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:60. [PMID: 34094536 PMCID: PMC8165754 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is associated with infection by certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and this affects women worldwide. Despite the improvements in prevention and cure of HPV-induced cervical cancer, it remains the second most common type of cancer in women in the least developed regions of the world. Epigenetic modifications are stable long-term changes that occur in the DNA, and are part of a natural evolutionary process of necessary adaptations to the environment. They do not result in changes in the DNA sequence, but do affect gene expression and genomic stability. Epigenetic changes are important in several biological processes. The effects of the environment on gene expression can contribute to the development of numerous diseases. Epigenetic modifications may serve a critical role in cancer cells, by silencing tumor suppressor genes, activating oncogenes, and exacerbating defects in DNA repair mechanisms. Although cervical cancer is directly related to a persistent high-risk HPV infection, several epigenetic changes have been identified in both the viral DNA and the genome of the infected cells: DNA methylation, histone modification and gene silencing by non-coding RNAs, which initiate and sustain epigenetic changes. In the present review, recent advances in the role of epigenetic changes in cervical cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Laysla Ramos Da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valéria Duarte De Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoro 59607-360, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Lima Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Vania Sousa Andrade
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Carlos Ferreira Lanza
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Josélio Maria Galvão De Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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8
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Shen-Gunther J, Xia Q, Stacey W, Asusta HB. Molecular Pap Smear: Validation of HPV Genotype and Host Methylation Profiles of ADCY8, CDH8, and ZNF582 as a Predictor of Cervical Cytopathology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:595902. [PMID: 33178175 PMCID: PMC7593258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary high-risk Human Papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening has recently become an accepted standalone or co-test with conventional cytology. Unfortunately, hrHPV singularly lacks specificity for cytopathological grade. However, mechanisms and markers of evolving virus-host interactions at the epigenome level may be harnessed as a better predictor of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to validate and expand the clinical performance of a multiparametric biomarker panel, referred to as the "Molecular Pap smear" based, on HPV genotype and ADCY8, CDH8 and ZNF582 CpG-methylation as a predictive classifier of cervical cytology. This prospective, cross-sectional study used an independent cohort of residual liquid-based cytology for HPV genotyping and epigenetic analysis. Extracted DNA underwent parallel PCR using 3 primer sets for HPV DNA amplification. HPV-infected samples were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Promoter methylation levels of 3 tumor suppressor genes were quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing of genomic DNA on the newest high-resolution PyroMark Q48 platform. Logistic model performance was compared, and model parameters were used to predict and classify binary cytological outcomes. A total of 883 samples were analyzed. HPV DNA positivity correlated with worsening grade: 125/237 (53%) NILM; 136/235 (58%) ASCUS; 222/229 (97%) LSIL; and 157/182 (86%) HSIL samples. The proportion of carcinogenic HPV-types in PCR-positive sequenceable samples correlated with worsening grade: NILM 34/98 (35%); ASCUS 50/113 (44%); LSIL 92/214 (43%); HSIL 129/152 (85%). Additionally, ADCY8, CDH8, and ZNF582 methylation levels increased in direct correlation with worsening grade. Overall, the multi-marker modeling parameters predicted binarized cytological outcomes better than HPV-type alone with significantly higher area under the receiver operator curve (AUC)s, respectively: NILM vs. > NILM (AUC 0.728 vs. 0.709); NILM/ASCUS vs. LSIL/HSIL (AUC 0.805 vs. 0.776); and
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shen-Gunther
- Gynecologic Oncology & Clinical Investigation, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Winfred Stacey
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heisy B. Asusta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Yu L, Wei M, Li F. Longitudinal Analysis of Gene Expression Changes During Cervical Carcinogenesis Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320920574. [PMID: 32489245 PMCID: PMC7241206 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320920574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC), the prognosis of patients with CC remains to be improved. This study aimed to explore candidate gene targets for CC. CC datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Genes with similar expression trends in varying steps of CC development were clustered using Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) software. Gene functions were then analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Protein interactions among genes of interest were predicted, followed by drug-target genes and prognosis-associated genes. The expressions of the predicted genes were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Red and green profiles with upward and downward gene expressions, respectively, were screened using STEM software. Genes with increased expression were significantly enriched in DNA replication, cell-cycle-related biological processes, and the p53 signaling pathway. Based on the predicted results of the Drug-Gene Interaction database, 17 drug-gene interaction pairs, including 3 red profile genes (TOP2A, RRM2, and POLA1) and 16 drugs, were obtained. The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis showed that high POLA1 expression was significantly correlated with prolonged survival, indicating that POLA1 is protective against CC. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that the expressions of TOP2A, RRM2, and POLA1 gradually increased in the multistep process of CC. TOP2A, RRM2, and POLA1 may be targets for the treatment of CC. However, many studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yu
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Meiyan Wei
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Sundaram MK, Unni S, Somvanshi P, Bhardwaj T, Mandal RK, Hussain A, Haque S. Genistein Modulates Signaling Pathways and Targets Several Epigenetic Markers in HeLa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E955. [PMID: 31766427 PMCID: PMC6947182 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epigenetic changes are responsible for transcriptional alterations of signaling pathways and tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contributing to carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to examine the effect of the phytochemical, genistein on various molecular targets in HeLa cells. METHODS Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of various molecular targets. Biochemical assays were employed to study the epigenetic enzymes. To correlate the transcriptional status of the selected TSGs and epigenetic modulation, their promoter 5'CpG methylation levels were evaluated by quantitative methylation array followed by methylation specific restriction digestion. RESULTS The expression of several genes involved in the cell cycle regulation, migration, inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated kinase-like protein (MAPK) pathway were found to be modulated including CCNB1, TWIST1, MMP14, TERT, AKT1, PTPRR, FOS and IL1A. Genistein modulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), demethylases, and histone phosphorylases. Furthermore, genistein decreased the activity of DNMTs, HDACs, and HMTs and reduced global DNA methylation levels. Promoter methylation of several TSGs, including FHIT, RUNX3, CDH1, PTEN, and SOC51, was lowered with corresponding transcriptional increase. Network analysis indicated similar effect of genistein. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive mechanism of action of genistein showcasing effective epigenetic modulation and widespread transcriptional changes resulting in restoration of tumour suppressor gene expression. This study corroborates the development of genistein as a candidate for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 19282 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Raju K. Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
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11
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Li C, Ke J, Liu J, Su J. DNA methylation data-based molecular subtype classification related to the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2713-2724. [PMID: 31680300 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading female health-killers among all types of malignancies globally. Human papillomavirus infection combined with genetic and epigenetic alterations have been indicated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and malignant transformation of cervical cancer. Notably, during the complex tumorigenesis process, a series of DNA methylations occurs early and is the most frequent molecular behavior. In this study, to exploit the specific DNA methylation sites influencing the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer, 275 samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and further analyzed. As a result, 1253 CpGs were found to have a significant correlation with patient prognosis and were further selected for the consistent clustering of samples into six subgroups. Specifically, the samples in every subgroup were different regarding the following: race, age, tumor stage, receptor status, histological type, metastasis status, and patient prognosis. In addition, we calculated the levels of methylation sites in all subgroups, with 79 methylation sites (corresponding to 81 genes) screened as the intrasubgroup-specific methylation sites. Moreover, signaling pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on the genes of the corresponding promoter regions of the above-described specific methylation sites, revealing that these genes were enriched in biological pathways closely associated with tumors, such as the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and focal adhesion signaling pathways. Finally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was employed to establish a prognostic prediction model for cervical cancer patients, with training and test sets used for testing and validation, respectively. In summary, the specific DNA methylation site-based classification is able to reflect the heterogeneity of cervical cancer tissue, contributing to the development of personalized therapy and the accurate prediction of patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxiu Ke
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- Department of emergency and infectious diseases, Quanzhou Disease Prevention and Control Center, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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12
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A novel miRNA identified in GRSF1 complex drives the metastasis via the PIK3R3/AKT/NF-κB and TIMP3/MMP9 pathways in cervical cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31474757 PMCID: PMC6717739 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in carcinogenesis. Typically, miRNAs downregulate the target expression by binding to the 3′ UTR of mRNAs. However, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs can upregulate target gene expression, but its mechanism is not fully understood. We previously found that G-rich RNA sequence binding protein (GRSF1) mediates upregulation of miR-346 on hTERT gene. To explore whether GRSF1 mediate other miRNA’s upregulation on their target genes, we obtained profile of GRSF1-bound miRNAs by Flag-GRSF1-RIP-deep sequencing and found 12 novel miRNAs, named miR-G. In this study, we focused on miR-G-10, which is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines and serum from patients with metastatic cervical cancer. miR-G-10 in cervical cancer cells significantly promoted migration/invasion and anoikis resistance in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, miR-G-10 bound to the 3′ UTR of PIK3R3 and upregulated its expression to activate the AKT/NF-κB signal pathway in a GRSF1-dependent manner, whereas miR-G-10 suppressed TIMP3 in the AGO2 complex to modulate the MMP9 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, our findings may provide a new insight into the upregulation mechanism mediated by miRNAs and a potential biomarker for cervical cancer.
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13
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Kedhari Sundaram M, Hussain A, Haque S, Raina R, Afroze N. Quercetin modifies 5'CpG promoter methylation and reactivates various tumor suppressor genes by modulating epigenetic marks in human cervical cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18357-18369. [PMID: 31172592 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The central role of epigenomic alterations in carcinogenesis has been widely acknowledged, particularly the impact of DNA methylation on gene expression across all stages of carcinogenesis is considered vital for both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Dietary phytochemicals hold great promise as safe anticancer agents and effective epigenetic modulators. This study was designed to investigate the potential of a phytochemical, quercetin as a modulator of the epigenetic pathways for anticancer strategies. Biochemical activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and global genomic DNA methylation was quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based assay in quercetin-treated HeLa cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the interaction of quercetin with DNMTs and HDACs. Quantitative methylation array was used to assess quercetin-mediated alterations in the promoter methylation of selected tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Quercetin induced modulation of chromatin modifiers including DNMTs, HDACs, histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and HMTs, and TSGs were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). It was found that quercetin modulates the expression of various chromatin modifiers and decreases the activity of DNMTs, HDACs, and HMTs in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking results suggest that quercetin could function as a competitive inhibitor by interacting with residues in the catalytic cavity of several DNMTs and HDACs. Quercetin downregulated global DNA methylation levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The tested TSGs showed steep dose-dependent decline in promoter methylation with the restoration of their expression. Our study provides an understanding of the quercetin's mechanism of action and will aid in its development as a candidate for epigenetic-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazia Afroze
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Gupta SM, Mania-Pramanik J. Molecular mechanisms in progression of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:28. [PMID: 31014351 PMCID: PMC6477741 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women worldwide and a major cause of mortality in developing countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. In addition, genetic and epigenetic alterations in host cell genes are crucial for progression of cervical precancerous lesions to invasive cancer. Although much progress has been made in understanding the life cycle of HPV and it’s role in the development of cervical cancer, there is still a critical need for accurate surveillance strategies and targeted therapeutic options to eradicate these cancers in patients. Given the widespread nature of HPV infection and the type specificity of currently available HPV vaccines, it is crucial that molecular details of the natural history of HPV infection as well as the biological activities of viral oncoproteins be elucidated. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in oncogenesis can provide novel insights and opportunities for designing effective therapeutic approaches against HPV-associated malignancies. In this review, we briefly summarize epigenetic alterations and events that cause alterations in host genomes inducing cell cycle deregulation, aberrant proliferation and genomic instability contributing to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana M Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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15
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Liyanage C, Wathupola A, Muraleetharan S, Perera K, Punyadeera C, Udagama P. Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 in Salivary DNA as a Quadruple Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040148. [PMID: 31013839 PMCID: PMC6523930 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) by DNA promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis; hence, TSGs may serve as early tumor biomarkers. We determined the promoter methylation levels of p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs in salivary DNA from oral cancer (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients, using methylation-specific PCR coupled with densitometry analysis. We assessed the association between DNA methylation of individual TSGs with OC and OPC risk factors. The performance and the clinical validity of this quadruple-methylation marker panel were evaluated in discriminating OC and OPC patients from healthy controls using the CombiROC web tool. Our study reports that RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs were significantly hypermethylated in OC and OPC cases compared to healthy controls. DNA methylation levels of TSGs were significantly augmented by smoking, alcohol use, and betel quid chewing, indicating the fact that frequent exposure to risk factors may drive oral and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis through TSG promoter hypermethylation. Also, this quadruple-methylation marker panel of p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of OC at 91.7% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity and of OPC at 99.8% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamikara Liyanage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Asanga Wathupola
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sanjayan Muraleetharan
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kanthi Perera
- National Cancer Institute of Sri Lanka, Maharagama, 10280, Sri Lanka.
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Preethi Udagama
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
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16
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhang C, Wang H, Li Z, Zhu J, Yu Y. Selective micro-structural integrity impairment of the isthmus subregion of the corpus callosum in alcohol-dependent males. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:96. [PMID: 30909890 PMCID: PMC6434796 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have provided evidence that alcohol-dependent patients have abnormality in corpus callosum (CC); however, it is unclear whether micro-structural integrity of the CC subregions is differentially affected in this disorder. METHODS In this study, a total of 39 male individuals, including 19 alcohol-dependent patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls, underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). CC was reconstructed by DTI tractography and was divided into seven subregions. Multiple diffusion metrics of each subregion were compared between two groups. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients exhibited increased axial diffusivity (P = 0.007), radial diffusivity (P = 0.009) and mean diffusivity (P = 0.005) in the isthmus. In addition, we observed that daily alcohol intake was correlated positively with radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity and negatively with fractional anisotropy, while abstinence time of hospitalization was negatively correlated with mean diffusivity in the patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a selective micro-structural integrity impairment of the corpus callosum subregions in alcohol dependence, characterized by axon and myelin alterations in the isthmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- 0000 0004 1771 3402grid.412679.fDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui Province China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- 0000 0004 1771 3402grid.412679.fDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui Province China
| | - Cun Zhang
- 0000 0004 1771 3402grid.412679.fDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui Province China
| | - Haibao Wang
- 0000 0004 1771 3402grid.412679.fDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui Province China
| | - Zipeng Li
- 0000 0004 1771 3402grid.412679.fDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui Province China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, China.
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17
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Bu Q, Wang S, Ma J, Zhou X, Hu G, Deng H, Sun X, Hong X, Wu H, Zhang L, Luo X. The clinical significance of FAM19A4 methylation in high-risk HPV-positive cervical samples for the detection of cervical (pre)cancer in Chinese women. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1182. [PMID: 30486875 PMCID: PMC6263049 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the diagnostic value of FAM19A4 methylation in high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV)-positive cervical samples from Chinese women for estimating cervical cancer or its precancerous lesions. Methods Cervical samples from 215 women infected with high-risk HPV were collected by smear testing. We purposely chose 61 patients with cervical cancer, 57 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 31 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 66 without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after histological confirmation. Taqman probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect the methylation status of FAM19A4 in the cervical samples and further evaluate the use of this gene in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Results (1) An increasing level of FAM19A4 methylation was detected with increasing progression of cervical lesions, with methylation rates of 10.61%(7/66), 35.48%(11/31), 56.14%(32/57) and 93.44%(57/61) in no CIN, LSIL, HSIL and cervical carcinoma samples respectively. (2) In all hrHPV-positive samples, the levels of FAM19A4 methylation in HPV16/18 groups were higher than that in 12 other hrHPV groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups after grouping cervical lesions into cervical cancer, HSIL, LSIL and no CIN groups (P>0.05). (3)There were no significant differences of FAM19A4 methylation in different clinicopathological parameters of cervical cancer. (4) Though the sensitivity of FAM19A4 methylation test was inferior to that of cytology and FAM19A4 combining with HPV16/18 genotyping, but showed the best specificity with 81.44% both for detection HSIL alone and ≥ HSIL, with favorable youden index (YI) and area under curve (AUC). Conclusion FAM19A4 is a specific biomarker of cancerous lesions of the cervix. FAM19A4 methylation analysis may serve as an auxiliary screening method for diagnosis of cervical (pre)cancer. However, in consideration of the limitations of this retrospective study, prospective population-based studies are necessary for further confirmation of the diagnostic value of FAM19A4 methylation for detection of cervical (pre)cancer in Chinese women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4877-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowen Bu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanfeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Translational medicine center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhou
- Translational medicine center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiying Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Deng
- Translational medicine center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hengying Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Translational medicine center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiping Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Combining DNA methylation and RNA sequencing data of cancer for supervised knowledge extraction. BioData Min 2018; 11:22. [PMID: 30386434 PMCID: PMC6203208 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-018-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) era a large amount of biological data is being sequenced, analyzed, and stored in many public databases, whose interoperability is often required to allow an enhanced accessibility. The combination of heterogeneous NGS genomic data is an open challenge: the analysis of data from different experiments is a fundamental practice for the study of diseases. In this work, we propose to combine DNA methylation and RNA sequencing NGS experiments at gene level for supervised knowledge extraction in cancer. Methods We retrieve DNA methylation and RNA sequencing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), focusing on the Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA), the Thyroid Carcinoma (THCA), and the Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (KIRP). We combine the RNA sequencing gene expression values with the gene methylation quantity, as a new measure that we define for representing the methylation quantity associated to a gene. Additionally, we propose to analyze the combined data through tree- and rule-based classification algorithms (C4.5, Random Forest, RIPPER, and CAMUR). Results We extract more than 15,000 classification models (composed of gene sets), which allow to distinguish the tumoral samples from the normal ones with an average accuracy of 95%. From the integrated experiments we obtain about 5000 classification models that consider both the gene measures related to the RNA sequencing and the DNA methylation experiments. Conclusions We compare the sets of genes obtained from the classifications on RNA sequencing and DNA methylation data with the genes obtained from the integration of the two experiments. The comparison results in several genes that are in common among the single experiments and the integrated ones (733 for BRCA, 35 for KIRP, and 861 for THCA) and 509 genes that are in common among the different experiments. Finally, we investigate the possible relationships among the different analyzed tumors by extracting a core set of 13 genes that appear in all tumors. A preliminary functional analysis confirms the relation of part of those genes (5 out of 13 and 279 out of 509) with cancer, suggesting to focus further studies on the new individuated ones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13040-018-0184-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Danková Z, Braný D, Dvorská D, Ňachajová M, Fiolka R, Grendár M, Hatok J, Kubatka P, Holubeková V, Halašová E, Bielik T, Žúbor P. Methylation status of KLF4 and HS3ST2 genes as predictors of endometrial cancer and hyperplastic endometrial lesions. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3318-3328. [PMID: 30221668 PMCID: PMC6202087 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common tumours in developed countries. In addition to the active role of genetic factors, epigenetic changes also have an important effect. The present study analysed the methylation status of kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4) and heparan sulfate‑glucosamine 3‑sulfotransferase 2 (HS3ST2) genes in three endometrial tissue types for carcinoma prediction. The sample comprised 91 women with histologically‑confirmed endometrial carcinoma (64.16±9.64 years old), 36 women with hyperplasia (53.39±9.64 years old) and 45 with no signs or symptoms of malignancy (48.53±11.11 years old). The CpG dinucleotide methylation levels were examined by quantitative pyrosequencing, and the discrimination accuracy of the model was calculated using the Random Forest classification algorithm of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The mean values of KLF4 and HS3ST2 methylation indices were 23.83±11.39 and 8.52±2.57 in the control samples; 30.40±8.52 and 33.76±20.66 in hyperplasia and 34.72±10.79 and 34.49±18.39 in the cancerous tissues. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the HS3ST2 CpG1 methylation status is a predictor of hyperplasia (P<0.05) and that the KLF4 CpG2 dinucleotide can predict carcinoma formation (P<0.001). The AUC value of 0.95 indicates high discrimination accuracy of the CpG nucleotides methylation status model between the controls and the two other diagnoses. The results of the present study establish the likelihood that aberrations in KLF4 and HS3ST2 gene methylation levels are important in the development of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, with hyperplasia an intermediate step between healthy and tumour tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Danková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Ňachajová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Roman Fiolka
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubeková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halašová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Bielik
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Žúbor
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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20
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Wang XB, Cui NH, Liu XN, Ma JF, Zhu QH, Guo SR, Zhao JW, Ming L. Identification of DAPK1 Promoter Hypermethylation as a Biomarker for Intra-Epithelial Lesion and Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, TCGA, and GEO Datasets. Front Genet 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 30065752 PMCID: PMC6056635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Promoter hypermethylation in death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) gene has been long linked to cervical neoplasia, but the established results remained controversial. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the associations of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation with low-grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), high-grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical cancer (CC), and clinicopathological features of CC. Methods: Published studies with qualitative methylation data were initially searched from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (up to March 2018). Then, quantitative methylation datasets, retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, were pooled to validate the results of published studies. Results: In a meta-analysis of 37 published studies, DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation progressively increased the risk of LSIL by 2.41-fold (P = 0.012), HSIL by 7.62-fold (P < 0.001), and CC by 23.17-fold (P < 0.001). Summary receiver operating characteristic curves suggested a potential diagnostic value of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation in CC, with a large area-under-the-curve of 0.83, a high specificity of 97%, and a moderate sensitivity of 59%. There were significant impacts of DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation on histological type (odds ratio (OR) = 3.53, P < 0.001) and FIGO stage of CC (OR = 2.15, P = 0.003). Then, a pooled analysis of nine TCGA and GEO datasets, covering 13 CPG sites within DAPK1 promoter, identified eight CC-associated sites, six sites with diagnostic values for CC (pooled specificities: 74–90%; pooled sensitivities: 70–81%), nine loci associated with the histological type of CC, and all 13 loci with down-regulated effects on DAPK1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that DAPK1 promoter hypermethylation is significantly associated with the disease severity of cervical neoplasia. DAPK1 methylation detection exhibits a promising ability to discriminate CC from cancer-free controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Hua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia-Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fen Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ren Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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A prospective study on the predictive value of DNA methylation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prognosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:589-596. [PMID: 29971561 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the predictive value of the DNA methylation levels of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, C13ORF18, and TERT in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prognosis. METHOD In the present study, 139 cases were collected and followed up for 24 months. The DNA methylation levels of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, C13ORF18, and TERT were tested from their exfoliated cells. One-way ANOVA, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS The DNA methylation of the five genes was associated with prognosis of CIN. The levels of methylation increased as the progression of lesion for the prognosis. For CIN1, difference between DNA methylation of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, and C13ORF18 had significance statistically (P < 0.001). Sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.1%) of JAM3 were the highest compared with other genes for the prognosis of CIN1. In addition, for CIN2/3, DNA methylation of JAM3, SOX1, SLIT2, TERT, and C13ORF18 had difference statistically (P < 0.001). JAM3 were also the highest in sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (93.1%) compared with other genes for the prognosis of CIN2/3. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest for the first time that DNA methylation levels are associated with prognosis of CIN significantly. DNA methylation levels of some genes, especially JAM3, may serve as markers for the prediction of the CIN prognosis, including CIN1 nature prognosis and CIN2/3 after treatment.
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The Progress of Methylation Regulation in Gene Expression of Cervical Cancer. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:8260652. [PMID: 29850477 PMCID: PMC5926518 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8260652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors in females, which is closely related to high-rate HPV infection. Methylation alteration is a type of epigenetic decoration that regulates the expression of genes without changing the DNA sequence, and it is essential for the progression of cervical cancer in pathogenesis while reflecting the prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in clinical practice. Hydroxymethylation has been discovered in recent years, thus making 5-hmC, the more stable marker, attract more attention in the field of methylation research. As markers of methylation, 5-hmC and 5-mC together with 5-foC and 5-caC draw the outline of the reversible cycle, and 6-mA takes part in the methylation of RNA, especially mRNA. Furthermore, methylation modification participates in ncRNA regulation and histone decoration. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of methylation regulation in the process of cervical cancer, as well as HPV and CIN, to identify the significant impact on the prospect of overcoming cervical cancer.
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23
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Wijetunga NA, Ben-Dayan M, Tozour J, Burk RD, Schlecht NF, Einstein MH, Greally JM. A polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect precedes invasive cervical carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62133-62143. [PMID: 27557505 PMCID: PMC5308716 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinoma is preceded by stages of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) that can variably progress to malignancy. Understanding the different molecular processes involved in the progression of pre-malignant CIN is critical to the development of improved predictive and interventional capabilities. We tested the role of regulators of transcription in both the development and the progression of HPV-associated CIN, performing the most comprehensive genomic survey to date of DNA methylation in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia, testing ~2 million loci throughout the human genome in biopsies from 78 HPV+ women, identifying changes starting in early CIN and maintained through carcinogenesis. We identified loci at which DNA methylation is consistently altered, beginning early in the course of neoplastic disease and progressing with disease advancement. While the loss of DNA methylation occurs mostly at intergenic regions, acquisition of DNA methylation is at sites involved in transcriptional regulation, with strong enrichment for targets of polycomb repression. Using an independent cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we validated the loci with increased DNA methylation and found that these regulatory changes were associated with locally decreased gene expression. Secondary validation using immunohistochemistry showed that the progression of neoplasia was associated with increasing polycomb protein expression specifically in the cervical epithelium. We find that perturbations of genomic regulatory processes occur early and persist in cervical carcinoma. The results indicate a polycomb-mediated epigenetic field defect in cervical neoplasia that may represent a target for early, topical interventions using polycomb inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ari Wijetunga
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Miriam Ben-Dayan
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Tozour
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mark H Einstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Li ZC, Jia YP, Wang Y, Qi JL, Han XP. Effects of dexmedetomidine post‑treatment on BDNF and VEGF expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6033-6037. [PMID: 29436655 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). The present study aimed to further explore whether treatment with DEX post‑IR increased the expression level of BDNF and VEGF in the rat brain. A total of 30 healthy, clean male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: Control group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and DEX treatment group. Subsequently, BDNF and VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed. The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF and VEGF were higher in the I/R and DEX groups compared with expression levels in the Control group at 6 h and 1 day post‑treatment; the levels of BNDF mRNA expression were higher in the DEX group compared with the I/R group. The levels of BDNF and VEGF protein expression in the I/R and DEX groups were also significantly higher compared with those in the Control group. I/R surgery significantly increased the expression of BDNF and VEGF protein DEX group at 6 h, day 1 and day 3 compared with expression levels in the I/R group. Results from the present study indicated that post‑surgical treatment with DEX may increase the expression of BDNF and VEGF following I/R, which may serve a role in nerve protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Chen Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Jia
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lian Qi
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Han
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Godar DE, Merrill SJ. Untangling the most probable role for vitamin D 3 in autism. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1387702. [PMID: 29484101 PMCID: PMC5821151 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1387702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate an important role for vitamin D3 in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although its mechanism is not completely understood. The most puzzling aspect of ASD is that identical twins, who share identical DNA, do not have 100% concordance rates (∼88% for identical and ∼31% for fraternal twins). These findings provide major clues into the etiology: ASD must involve an environmental factor present in the prenatal milieu that both identical twins are not always exposed to because they do not always share it (i.e., placentas). Combined with the exponential increasing rates of ASD around the world, these observations suggest a contagious disease is probably transferred to the fetus via the placenta becoming infected by a cervical virus. Vitamin D3 boosts immune responses clearing viral infections and increases serotonin and estrogen brain levels. Here we review the different roles and untangle the most probable one vitamin D3 plays in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne E. Godar
- Body of Knowledge, Inc., Division of Human Disease Research Worldwide, Racine, WI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Merrill
- Marquette University, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Epigenetic Alterations in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090248. [PMID: 28862667 PMCID: PMC5618014 DOI: 10.3390/v9090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15–20% of human cancers are caused by viruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and encode proteins that reprogram the regulatory networks governing host cellular signaling pathways that control recognition by the immune system, proliferation, differentiation, genomic integrity, and cell death. Given that key proteins in these regulatory networks are also subject to mutation in non-virally associated diseases and cancers, the study of oncogenic viruses has also been instrumental to the discovery and analysis of many fundamental cellular processes, including messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, transcriptional enhancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, signal transduction, immune regulation, and cell cycle control. More recently, tumor viruses, in particular HPV, have proven themselves invaluable in the study of the cancer epigenome. Epigenetic silencing or de-silencing of genes can have cellular consequences that are akin to genetic mutations, i.e., the loss and gain of expression of genes that are not usually expressed in a certain cell type and/or genes that have tumor suppressive or oncogenic activities, respectively. Unlike genetic mutations, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications affords an opportunity of epigenetic therapy for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetic regulation in HPV-infected cells with a focus on those elements with relevance to carcinogenesis.
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Shu R, He J, Wu C, Gao J. The association between RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation and the carcinogenesis of patients with cervical carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639889 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317709126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation are observed in some cervical carcinoma. However, the association between RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation and cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. This study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between RARβ or FHIT promoter methylation and cervical carcinogenesis. Eligible publications were searched via online databases. The combined odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated and summarized. In all, 17 eligible articles on RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation were identified in the study. RARβ promoter methylation was significantly higher in cervical cancer than in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and normal cervical tissues (odds ratio = 3.90, p = 0.018; odds ratio = 12.98, p < 0.001, respectively). There was more FHIT promoter methylation in cervical cancer than in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and normal controls (odds ratio = 8.0, p = 0.055; odds ratio = 10.75, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, FHIT promoter methylation was correlated with clinical stage (advanced stage vs early stage: odds ratio = 2.69, p = 0.056) and tumor grade (high grade vs low grade: odds ratio = 4.11, p < 0.001). RARβ and FHIT promoter methylation may be associated with the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. FHIT promoter methylation may play a crucial role in cervical cancer progression. Additional studies with large sample sizes are essential to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruming Shu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengzhen Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Cardoso MDFS, Castelletti CHM, Lima-Filho JLD, Martins DBG, Teixeira JAC. Putative biomarkers for cervical cancer: SNVs, methylation and expression profiles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:161-173. [PMID: 28927526 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but other factors such as smoking habits, co-infections and genetic background, can also contribute to its development. Although this cancer is avoidable, it is the fourth most frequent type of cancer in females worldwide and can only be treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. There is a need for biomarkers that will enable early diagnosis and targeted therapy for this type of cancer. Therefore, a systems biology pipeline was applied in order to identify potential biomarkers for cervical cancer, which show significant reports in three molecular aspects: DNA sequence variants, DNA methylation pattern and alterations in mRNA/protein expression levels. CDH1, CDKN2A, RB1 and TP53 genes were selected as putative biomarkers, being involved in metastasis, cell cycle regulation and tumour suppression. Other ten genes (CDH13, FHIT, PTEN, MLH1, TP73, CDKN1A, CACNA2D2, TERT, WIF1, APC) seemed to play a role in cervical cancer, but the lack of studies prevented their inclusion as possible biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of these genes. However, further studies should be performed to elucidate the impact of DNA sequence variants and/or epigenetic deregulation and altered expression of these genes in cervical carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Senra Cardoso
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Madeiros Castelletti
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), Av. General San Martin 1371, Bongi, Recife - PE, 50761-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Lima-Filho
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Danyelly Bruneska Gondim Martins
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - José António Couto Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (UM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Ye M, Huang T, Li J, Zhou C, Yang P, Ni C, Chen S. Role of CDH13 promoter methylation in the carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer: A systematic meta-analysis under PRISMA guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5956. [PMID: 28121942 PMCID: PMC5287966 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H-cadherin (CDH13) is commonly downregulated through promoter methylation in various cancers. However, the role of CDH13 promoter methylation status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be clarified. METHODS Eligible articles were identified from online electronic database based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS Eventually, a total of nine studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 488 CRC, 298 adjacent, 144 normal, 68 premalignant tissues. The results demonstrated that CDH13 promoter methylation was notably higher in CRC than in normal, adjacent, and premalignant tissues (cancer tissues vs normal tissues: OR = 16.94, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs adjacent tissues: OR = 20.06, P < 0.001; cancer tissues vs premalignant tissues: OR = 2.23, P = 0.038). CDH13 promoter methylation had a significantly increased risk for poorly differentiated CRC (OR = 4.07, P = 0.001). CDH13 promoter methylation was not associated with sex status, tumor stage, and lymph node status (all P > 0.05). One study with 85 CRC patients reported that CDH13 promoter methylation was correlated with poor prognosis in overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS CDH13 promoter methylation may play an important role in the initiation and progression of CRC, and may be correlated with OS of patients with CRC. Additional studies with large sample sizes are needed to further confirm our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ni
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
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JAM3 methylation status as a biomarker for diagnosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44373-87. [PMID: 26517242 PMCID: PMC4792563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is clinically relevant to important tumorigenic mechanisms. This study evaluated the methylation status of candidate genes in cervical neoplasia and determined their diagnostic performance in clinical practice. Cervical cancer and normal cervix tissue was used to select the top 5 discriminating loci among 27 loci in 4 genes (CCNA1, CADM1, DAPK1, JAM3), and one locus of JAM3 (region M4) was identified and confirmed with 267 and 224 cervical scrapings from 2 independent colposcopy referral studies. For patients with atypical squamous cells of unknown significance and those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, with JAM3-M4 compared to a triage marker of hrHPV testing, the specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 CIN3 and cancer cases (CIN3+) / no neoplasia and CIN1 (CIN1-) was significantly increased, from 21.88 to 81.82 and 15.38 to 85.18, respectively. The corresponding positive predictive value (PPV) was increased from 26.47 to 57.14 and 18.52 to 63.64, respectively. For hrHPV-positive patients, compared to a triage marker of cytology testing, JAM3-M4 showed increased specificity and PPV, from 30.67 to 87.65 and 38.82 to 82.14, respectively. We assessed whether JAM3-M4 could distinguish productive from transforming CIN2; the coincidence rate of JAM3-M4 and P16 was as high as 60.5%.
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31
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Epigenetic Markers in Cervical Pathologies Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Shen-Gunther J, Wang CM, Poage GM, Lin CL, Perez L, Banks NA, Huang THM. Molecular Pap smear: HPV genotype and DNA methylation of ADCY8, CDH8, and ZNF582 as an integrated biomarker for high-grade cervical cytology. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:96. [PMID: 27651839 PMCID: PMC5022163 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pap smear has remained the foundation for cervical cancer screening for over 70 years. With advancements in molecular diagnostics, primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) screening has recently become an accepted stand-alone or co-test with conventional cytology. However, both diagnostic tests have distinct limitations. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HPV genotypes and cellular epigenetic modifications in three grades of cervical cytology for screening biomarker discovery. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study used residual liquid-based cytology samples for HPV genotyping and epigenetic analysis. Extracted DNA was subjected to parallel polymerase chain reactions using three primer sets (MY09/11, FAP59/64, E6-E7 F/B) for HPV DNA amplification. HPV+ samples were genotyped by DNA sequencing. Promoter methylation of four candidate tumor suppressor genes (adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8), cadherin 8, type 2 (CDH8), MGMT, and zinc finger protein 582 (ZNF582)) out of 48 genes screened was quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. Independent validation of methylation profiles was performed by analyzing data from cervical cancer cell lines and clinical samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Two hundred seventy-seven quality cytology samples were analyzed. HPV was detected in 31/100 (31 %) negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 95/100 (95 %) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 71/77 (92 %) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) samples. The proportion of IARC-defined carcinogenic HPV types in sequenced samples correlated with worsening grade: NILM 7/29 (24 %), LSIL 53/92 (58 %), and HSIL 65/70 (93 %). Promoter methylation of ADCY8, CDH8, and ZNF582 was measured in 170 samples: NILM (N = 33), LSIL (N = 70), and HSIL (N = 67) also correlated with worsening grade. Similar hypermethylation patterns were found in cancer cell lines and TCGA samples. The combination of four biomarkers, i.e., HPV genotype and three-gene promoter methylation, predicted HSIL (AUC 0.89) better than HPV alone (AUC 0.74) by logistic regression and probabilistic modeling. CONCLUSIONS HPV genotype and DNA methylation of ADCY8, CDH8, and ZNF582 are correlated with cytological grade. Collectively, these biomarkers may serve as a molecular classifier of Pap smears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shen-Gunther
- Gynecologic Oncology & Clinical Investigation, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3698 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6315 USA
| | - Chiou-Miin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Graham M. Poage
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Chun-Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Luis Perez
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Nancy A. Banks
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratories, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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Molano M, Tabrizi SN, Garland SM, Roberts JM, Machalek DA, Phillips S, Chandler D, Hillman RJ, Grulich AE, Jin F, Poynten IM, Templeton DJ, Cornall AM. CpG Methylation Analysis of HPV16 in Laser Capture Microdissected Archival Tissue and Whole Tissue Sections from High Grade Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: A Potential Disease Biomarker. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160673. [PMID: 27529629 PMCID: PMC4987059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence and mortality rates of anal cancer are increasing globally. More than 90% of anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Studies on HPV-related anogenital lesions have shown that patterns of methylation of viral and cellular DNA targets could potentially be developed as disease biomarkers. Lesion-specific DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from existing or prospective patient cohorts may constitute a valuable resource for methylation analysis. However, low concentrations of DNA make these samples technically challenging to analyse using existing methods. We therefore set out to develop a sensitive and reproducible nested PCR-pyrosequencing based method to accurately quantify methylation at 10 CpG sites within the E2BS1, E2BS2,3,4 and Sp1 binding sites in the viral upstream regulatory region of HPV16 genome. Methylation analyses using primary and nested PCR-pyrosequencing on 52 FFPE tissue [26 paired whole tissue sections (WTS) and laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissues] from patients with anal squamous intraepithelial lesions was performed. Using nested PCR, methylation results were obtained for the E2BS1, E2BS2,3,4 and Sp1 binding sites in 86.4% of the WTS and 81.8% of the LCM samples. Methylation patterns were strongly correlated within median values of matched pairs of WTS and LCM sections, but overall methylation was higher in LCM samples at different CpG sites. High grade lesions showed low methylation levels in the E2BS1 and E2BS2 regions, with increased methylation detected in the E2BS,3,4/Sp1 regions, showing the highest methylation at CpG site 37. The method developed is highly sensitive in samples with low amounts of DNA and demonstrated to be suitable for archival samples. Our data shows a possible role of specific methylation in the HPV16 URR for detection of HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Molano
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepehr N. Tabrizi
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Garland
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dorothy A. Machalek
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard J. Hillman
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fengyi Jin
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I. Mary Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Templeton
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- RPA Sexual Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Alyssa M. Cornall
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Holubeková V, Mendelová A, Grendár M, Meršaková S, Kapustová I, Jašek K, Vaňochová A, Danko J, Lasabová Z. Methylation pattern of CDH1 promoter and its association with CDH1 gene expression in cytological cervical specimens. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2613-2621. [PMID: 27703524 PMCID: PMC5038866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in females worldwide. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is essential but insufficient to cause cervical cancer, and the clearance of HPV infection is mediated by the immune system. The deficit of molecules responsible for adhesion may play a role in the development of cervical cancer. E-cadherin is encoded by the cadherin 1 (CDH1) gene, and is involved in cell adhesion by forming adherens junctions. The aim of present study was to investigate the methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter and to identify the association between CDH1 promoter hypermethylation, CDH1 gene expression and HPV infection in cervical specimens obtained from 93 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), high-grade SILs or squamous cell carcinomas, and from 47 patients with normal cervical cytology (HPV-negative). The methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter was investigated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and quantitative pyrosequencing. CDH1 gene expression was measured by relative quantification. CDH1 methylation was significantly higher in both types of lesions and in cervical cancer than in normal samples, and CDH1 gene expression was significantly reduced during SIL progression (P=0.0162). However, the influence of HPV infection or HPV E6 expression on the methylation pattern of the CDH1 gene or its gene expression levels could not be confirmed. The present results support that the methylation of the CDH1 gene is age-related in patients with cervical lesions (P=0.01085), and therefore, older patients could be more susceptible to cancer than younger patients. The important methylation of the CDH1 promoter occurred near the transcription factor binding sites on nucleotides -13 and +103, which are close to the translational start codon. These results suggest that methylation at these sites may be an important event in the transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin, and in patients harboring these methylated cytosines, this event may facilitate HPV-driven carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Holubeková
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Mendelová
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Meršaková
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kapustová
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karin Jašek
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Vaňochová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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WNT Signaling in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Future Treatment Strategy? J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1760-1767. [PMID: 27448706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are less well established than those for other common skin cancers, but recent evidence has highlighted a potentially critical role for WNT signaling in both the development and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. WNT pathways are aberrantly regulated in multiple tumor types (albeit in a context-dependent manner), and this has stimulated the development of WNT inhibitory compounds for cancer treatment. In this review, we examine existing evidence for a role of WNT signaling in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and discuss if WNT inhibition represents a realistic therapeutic strategy for the future.
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Bhat S, Kabekkodu SP, Noronha A, Satyamoorthy K. Biological implications and therapeutic significance of DNA methylation regulated genes in cervical cancer. Biochimie 2015; 121:298-311. [PMID: 26743075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. About 528,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer contributing to around 266,000 deaths, across the globe every year. Out of these, the burden of 226,000 (85%) deaths occurs in the developing countries, who are less resource intensive to manage the disease. This is despite the fact that cervical cancer is amenable for early detection due to its long and relatively well-known natural history prior to its culmination as invasive disease. Infection with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPVs) is essential but not sufficient to cause cervical cancer. Although it was thought that genetic mutations alone was sufficient to cause cervical cancer, the current epidemiological and molecular studies have shown that HPV infection along with genetic and epigenetic changes are frequently associated and essential for initiation, development and progression of the disease. Moreover, aberrant DNA methylation in host and HPV genome can be utilized not only as biomarkers for early detection, disease progression, diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer but also to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on recent studies on DNA methylation changes in cervical cancer and their potential role as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Chen CC, Lee KD, Pai MY, Chu PY, Hsu CC, Chiu CC, Chen LT, Chang JY, Hsiao SH, Leu YW. Changes in DNA methylation are associated with the development of drug resistance in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:98. [PMID: 26464562 PMCID: PMC4604021 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and propose Changes in DNA methylation are associated with changes in somatic cell fate without the alteration of coding sequences. In addition to its use as a traceable biomarker, reversible DNA methylation could also serve as a therapeutic target. In particular, if the development of drug resistance is associated with changes in DNA methylation, then demethylation might reverse the resistance phenotype. The reversion of the drug-resistance might then be feasible if the association between abnormal DNA methylation and the development of drug-resistance could be identified. Methods Methylation differences between the drug-resistance cervical cancer cell, SiHa, and its derived oxaliplatin-resistant S3 cells were detected by methylation specific microarray. The drug-resistance cells were treated with demethylation agent to see if the resistance phenotype were reversed. Targeted methylation of one of the identified locus in normal cell is expected to recapitulate the development of resistance and a two-component reporter system is adopted to monitor the increase of DNA methylation in live cells. Results In this report, we identified methylation changes, both genome-wide and within individual loci, in the oxaliplatin-resistant cervical cancer cell S3 compared with its parental cell line SiHa. Treatment of S3 with a demethylation agent reversed increases in methylation and allowed the expression of methylation-silenced genes. Treatment with the demethylation agent also restored the sensitivity of S3 to cisplatin, taxol, and oxaliplatin to the same level as that of SiHa. Finally, we found that methylation of the target gene Casp8AP2 is sufficient to increase drug resistance in different cells. Conclusions These results suggest that global methylation is associated with the development of drug resistance and could serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for drug resistance in cervical cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0248-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Pai
- Department of Life Science, Human Epigenomics Center, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Human Epigenomics Center, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chiu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Department of Life Science, Human Epigenomics Center, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621 Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350 Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Life Science, Human Epigenomics Center, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Leu
- Department of Life Science, Human Epigenomics Center, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621 Taiwan
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