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Tate BN, Van Guilder GP, Aly M, Spence LA, Diaz-Rubio ME, Le HH, Johnson EL, McFadden JW, Perry CA. Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3687. [PMID: 37686719 PMCID: PMC10489641 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a standardized DASH diet for 12 weeks. Plasma choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, ceramide, and triglycerides were measured in fasted blood samples. Plasma LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species were also quantified. In response to the study diet, with beef intake groups combined, plasma choline decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.012); DMG decreased by 10% (p = 0.042); PC decreased by 51% (p < 0.001); total LPC increased by 281% (p < 0.001); TMAO increased by 26.5% (p < 0.001); total ceramide decreased by 22.1% (p < 0.001); and triglycerides decreased by 18% (p = 0.021). All 20 LPC species measured increased (p < 0.01) with LPC 16:0 having the greatest response. Sphingomyelin 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 increased (all p < 0.001) by 10.4%, 22.5%, and 24%, respectively. In contrast, we observed that sphingomyelin 24:0 significantly decreased by 10%. Ceramide 22:0 and 24:0 decreased by 27.6% and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and ceramide 24:1 increased by 36.8% (p = 0.013). Changes in choline and choline metabolites were in association with anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings show the impact of the DASH diet on choline metabolism in older adults and demonstrate the influence of diet to modify circulating LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N. Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Gary P. Van Guilder
- High Altitude Exercise Physiology Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA;
| | - Marwa Aly
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lisa A. Spence
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
| | - M. Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Henry H. Le
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.H.L.); (E.L.J.)
| | - Joseph W. McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.N.T.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Cydne A. Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (M.A.); (L.A.S.)
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Bao Q, Yu L, Chen D, Li L. Variation in the gut microbial community is associated with the progression of liver regeneration. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:121-136. [PMID: 31465626 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To highlight a potential dynamic interaction between intestinal bacteria (IB) and metabolites that might contribute to liver regeneration (LR). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to surgical removal of two-thirds of the liver and samples were collected over a 14-day period. Intestinal community and metabolic profiles were characterized to establish their potential interactions during liver regeneration. RESULTS Partial hepatectomy caused fluctuating changes in the gut microbiome, which paralleled the biological processes of LR. Briefly, the enhanced cell proliferation occurring within 30-48 h was associated with a decreased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes reflected by a reduction in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and an increase in Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae, which was indicative of a lean phenotype. The microbiota derived from rats at 12-24 h and 3-14 days were characterized by elevated F/B ratios, suggesting the differing energy extract behaviors of microbiota during the course of LR. Functional changes of the shifted microbiota revealed by PICRUSt software confirmed the pyrosequencing results. The microbiome derived from hour 12 rats showed overpresentation of metabolism-related modules. In contrast, the microbiome derived from day 2 rats was functionally unique in "replication and repair", "amino acid metabolism," and "nucleoid metabolism." Upon examining the dynamic pattern of metabolic response, the specific pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism, were identified to be attributable to the systemic alterations in LR-related metabolism. Moreover, our data indicated that several key functional bacteria were strongly related to perturbations of the above pathways. CONCLUSION Gut flora could play a central role in manipulating metabolic responses in LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:329-341. [PMID: 32039383 PMCID: PMC7001558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, encompassing a spectrum from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis. It has recently been recognised that NAFLD also occurs in individuals who are not obese, especially in Asian populations. In these patients, NAFLD manifests at lower overall body mass index thresholds in the presence of increased visceral adipose tissue. Currently, the principles of clinical management are similar to those in obese individuals, although, in specific regions and clinical situations, unique aetiologies of NAFLD must be treated specifically.
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Kim M, Kim M, Kang M, Yoo HJ, Kim MS, Ahn YT, Sim JH, Jee SH, Lee JH. Effects of weight loss using supplementation with Lactobacillus strains on body fat and medium-chain acylcarnitines in overweight individuals. Food Funct 2018; 8:250-261. [PMID: 28001147 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00993j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that supplementation with a combination of Lactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) KY1032 reduced the body weight, body fat percentage, body fat mass and L1 subcutaneous fat area in overweight subjects. We aimed to evaluate whether the changes in adiposity after supplementation with Lactobacillus strains were associated with metabolic intermediates. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 66 non-diabetic and overweight individuals. Over a 12-week period, the probiotic group consumed 2 g of probiotic powder, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without the probiotics. To investigate metabolic alterations, we performed plasma metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS). Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the levels of octenoylcarnitine (C8:1), tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1), decanoylcarnitine (C10) and dodecenoylcarnitine (C12:1) compared with the levels from placebo supplementation. In the probiotic group, the changes in the body weight, body fat percentage, body fat mass and L1 subcutaneous fat area were negatively associated with changes in the levels of C8:1, C14:1, C10 and C12:1 acylcarnitines. In overweight individuals, probiotic-induced weight loss and adiposity reduction from the probiotic supplementation were associated with an increase in medium-chain acylcarnitines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miso Kang
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. and Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. and Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. and Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hun Sim
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea and National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. and Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Patel N, Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Godfrey K, Briley A, Welsh P, Pasupathy D, Seed PT, Koletzko B, Poston L. Cord Metabolic Profiles in Obese Pregnant Women: Insights Into Offspring Growth and Body Composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:346-355. [PMID: 29140440 PMCID: PMC5761489 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context Offspring exposed in utero to maternal obesity have an increased risk of later obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Objective To assess the effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention in obese women on the offspring's cord blood metabolic profile and to examine associations of the cord blood metabolic profile with maternal clinical characteristics and offspring anthropometry at birth and age 6 months. Design Randomized controlled trial and cohort study. Setting The UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial. Participants Three hundred forty-four mother-offspring pairs. Intervention Antenatal behavioral lifestyle (diet and physical activity) intervention. Main Outcome Measures Targeted cord blood metabolic profile, including candidate hormone and metabolomic analyses. Results The lifestyle intervention was not associated with change in the cord blood metabolic profile. Higher maternal glycemia, specifically fasting glucose at 28 weeks gestation, had a linear association with higher cord blood concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) 16.1 (β = 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.10) and 18.1 (0.52; 0.02 to 0.80), independent of the lifestyle intervention. A principal component of cord blood phosphatidylcholines and LPCs was associated with infant z scores of birth weight (0.04; 0.02 to 0.07) and weight at age 6 months (0.05; 0.00 to 0.10). Cord blood insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 and adiponectin concentrations were positively associated with infant weight z score at birth and at 6 months. Conclusions Concentrations of LPCs and IGF-1 in cord blood are related to infant weight. These findings support the hypothesis that susceptibility to childhood obesity may be programmed in utero, but further investigation is required to establish whether these associations are causally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashita Patel
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr.
von Haunersches Kinderspital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine,
University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 München,
Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr.
von Haunersches Kinderspital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine,
University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 München,
Germany
| | - Keith Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton
Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital
Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Briley
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TD, United Kingdom
| | - Dharmintra Pasupathy
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr.
von Haunersches Kinderspital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine,
University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 München,
Germany
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - on behalf of the UPBEAT Consortium
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School
of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College
London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr.
von Haunersches Kinderspital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine,
University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 München,
Germany
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton
Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital
Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TD, United Kingdom
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Clinical and Metabolic Characterization of Lean Caucasian Subjects With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:102-110. [PMID: 27527746 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to obesity; however, 5-8% of lean subjects also have evidence of NAFLD. We aimed to investigate clinical, genetic, metabolic and lifestyle characteristics in lean Caucasian subjects with NAFLD. METHODS Data from 187 subjects allocated to one of the three groups according to body mass index (BMI) and hepatic steatosis on ultrasound were obtained: lean healthy (BMI≤25 kg/m2, no steatosis, N=71), lean NAFLD (BMI≤25 kg/m2, steatosis, N=55), obese NAFLD (BMI≥30 kg/m2, steatosis; N=61). All subjects received a detailed clinical and laboratory examination including oral glucose tolerance test. The serum metabolome was assessed using the Metabolomics AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (BIOCRATES Life Sciences). Genotyping for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD was performed. RESULTS Lean NAFLD subjects had fasting insulin concentrations similar to lean healthy subjects but had markedly impaired glucose tolerance. Lean NAFLD subjects had a higher rate of the mutant PNPLA3 CG/GG variant compared to lean controls (P=0.007). Serum adiponectin concentrations were decreased in both NAFLD groups compared to controls (P<0.001 for both groups) The metabolomics study revealed a potential role for various lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PC C18:0, lyso-PC C17:0) and phosphatidylcholines (PCaa C36:3; false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P-value<0.001) as well as lysine, tyrosine, and valine (FDR<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lean subjects with evidence of NAFLD have clinically relevant impaired glucose tolerance, low adiponectin concentrations and a distinct metabolite profile with an increased rate of PNPLA3 risk allele carriage.
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Del Bas JM, Caimari A, Rodriguez-Naranjo MI, Childs CE, Paras Chavez C, West AL, Miles EA, Arola L, Calder PC. Impairment of lysophospholipid metabolism in obesity: altered plasma profile and desensitization to the modulatory properties of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:266-79. [PMID: 27305954 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma lysophospholipids have emerged as signaling molecules with important effects on inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease, each of which is linked closely to obesity. Dietary n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be able to improve these conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the response of plasma lysophospholipids to obesity, n-3 PUFA consumption, and a high-fat meal challenge to better understand the role of lysophospholipid metabolism in the progression of obesity-related disorders. DESIGN We determined the concentrations of 8 lysophosphatidylcholines, 11 lysophosphatidylethanolamines, and 7 lysophosphatidylinositols in the plasma of 34 normal-weight and 38 obese subjects randomly assigned to consume corn oil (control) or n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil (3 g/d; n = 15-19/group) for 90 d. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the study under fasting conditions and 6 h after a high-fat meal (1135 kcal, 86 g fat) challenge. The profile of secreted lysophospholipids was studied in HepG2 cells under palmitate-induced steatosis. RESULTS Obese and normal-weight subjects had different profiles of plasma lysophospholipids. A multivariate combination of the 26 lysophospholipids could discriminate between normal-weight and obese subjects with an accuracy of 98%. The high-fat meal challenge altered the concentration of plasma lysophosphatidylcholines in an oil treatment-dependent manner in normal-weight but not obese subjects, suggesting that obesity impairs the sensitivity of lysophospholipid metabolism to n-3 PUFAs. Noncytotoxic steatosis in HepG2 cells affected the secretion pattern of lysophospholipids, partially resembling the changes observed in the plasma of obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS Obesity has a substantial impact on lysophospholipid metabolism, altering the plasma lysophospholipid profile and abolishing its sensitivity to dietary n-3 PUFAs. These effects could contribute to the onset or progression of alterations associated with obesity, such as inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Del Bas
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Technological Center for Nutrition and Health, Tecnio, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia (CEICS), Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Technological Center for Nutrition and Health, Tecnio, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia (CEICS), Reus, Spain;
| | - Maria Isabel Rodriguez-Naranjo
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Technological Center for Nutrition and Health, Tecnio, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia (CEICS), Reus, Spain
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Paras Chavez
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annette L West
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lluis Arola
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Technological Center for Nutrition and Health, Tecnio, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia (CEICS), Reus, Spain; Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechology, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; and
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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