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Sagredo GT, Tanglay O, Shahdadpuri S, Fu Y, Halliday GM. ⍺-Synuclein levels in Parkinson's disease - Cell types and forms that contribute to pathogenesis. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114887. [PMID: 39009177 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has two main pathological hallmarks, the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the proteinaceous aggregations of ⍺-synuclein (⍺Syn) in neuronal Lewy pathology. These two co-existing features suggest a causative association between ⍺Syn aggregation and the underpinning mechanism of neuronal degeneration in PD. Both increased levels and post-translational modifications of ⍺Syn can contribute to the formation of pathological aggregations of ⍺Syn in neurons. Recent studies have shown that the protein is also expressed by multiple types of non-neuronal cells in the brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting additional roles of the protein and potential diversity in non-neuronal pathogenic triggers. It is important to determine (1) the threshold levels triggering ⍺Syn to convert from a biological to a pathologic form in different brain cells in PD; (2) the dominant form of pathologic ⍺Syn and the associated post-translational modification of the protein in each cell type involved in PD; and (3) the cell type associated biological processes impacted by pathologic ⍺Syn in PD. This review integrates these aspects and speculates on potential pathological mechanisms and their impact on neuronal and non-neuronal ⍺Syn in the brains of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Tatiana Sagredo
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrey Shahdadpuri
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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Zhang J, Xie D, Jiao D, Zhou S, Liu S, Ju Z, Hu L, Qi L, Yao C, Zhao C. From inflammatory signaling to neuronal damage: Exploring NLR inflammasomes in ageing neurological disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32688. [PMID: 38975145 PMCID: PMC11226848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of neuronal degeneration and damage is a major obstacle in ageing medicine. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors detect environmental stressors and trigger the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can cause neuronal damage and accelerate cell death. NLR (NOD-like receptors) inflammasomes are protein complexes that contain NOD-like receptors. Studying the role of NLR inflammasomes in ageing-related neurological disorders can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This includes investigating their activation of inflammasomes, transcription, and capacity to promote or inhibit inflammatory signaling, as well as exploring strategies to regulate NLR inflammasomes levels. This review summarizes the use of NLR inflammasomes in guiding neuronal degeneration and injury during the ageing process, covering several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and peripheral neuropathies. To improve the quality of life and slow the progression of neurological damage, NLR-based treatment strategies, including inhibitor-related therapies and physical therapy, are presented. Additionally, important connections between age-related neurological disorders and NLR inflammasomes are highlighted to guide future research and facilitate the development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Danli Jiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Qi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Di Mari GM, Scuderi M, Lanza G, Salluzzo MG, Salemi M, Caraci F, Bruno E, Strano V, Mirabella S, Scandurra A. Pain-Free Alpha-Synuclein Detection by Low-Cost Hierarchical Nanowire Based Electrode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38251136 PMCID: PMC10819810 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the early detection of the neurodegenerative biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein, are time-consuming and invasive, and require skilled personnel and sophisticated and expensive equipment. Thus, a pain-free, prompt and simple α-synuclein biosensor for detection in plasma is highly demanded. In this paper, an α-synuclein electrochemical biosensor based on hierarchical polyglutamic acid/ZnO nanowires decorated by gold nanoparticles, assembled as nanostars (NSs), for the determination of α-synuclein in human plasma is proposed. ZnO NSs were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and decorated with electrodeposited Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). Then, electro-polymerized glutamic acid was grown and functionalized with anti-α-synuclein. A synergistic enhancement of electrode sensitivity was observed when Au NPs were embedded into ZnO NSs. The analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), using the Fe(II)(CN)64-/Fe(III)(CN)63- probe. The charge transfer resistance after α-synuclein recognition was found to be linear, with a concentration in the range of 0.5 pg·mL-1 to 10 pg·mL-1, a limit of detection of 0.08 pg·mL-1, and good reproducibility (5% variation) and stability (90%). The biosensor was also shown to reliably discriminate between healthy plasma and PD plasma. These results suggest that the proposed biosensor provides a rapid, quantitative and high-sensitivity result of the α-synuclein content in plasma, and represents a feasible tool capable of accelerating the early and non-invasive identification of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella M. Di Mari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mario Scuderi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), VIII Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Salluzzo
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Salemi
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Bruno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzina Strano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvo Mirabella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Scandurra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, “Ettore Majorana”, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.M.D.M.); (E.B.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Catania (University) UNIT, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Santos-García D, Martínez-Valbuena I, Agúndez JAG. Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37627328 PMCID: PMC10452242 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible usefulness of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) determinations in peripheral tissues (blood cells, salivary gland biopsies, olfactory mucosa, digestive tract, skin) and in biological fluids, except for cerebrospinal fluid (serum, plasma, saliva, feces, urine), as a marker of several diseases, has been the subject of numerous publications. This narrative review summarizes data from studies trying to determine the role of total, oligomeric, and phosphorylated aSyn determinations as a marker of various diseases, especially PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In summary, the results of studies addressing the determinations of aSyn in its different forms in peripheral tissues (especially in platelets, skin, and digestive tract, but also salivary glands and olfactory mucosa), in combination with other potential biomarkers, could be a useful tool to discriminate PD from controls and from other causes of parkinsonisms, including synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - Diego Santos-García
- Department of Neurology, CHUAC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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Düchs M, Blazevic D, Rechtsteiner P, Kenny C, Lamla T, Low S, Savistchenko J, Neumann M, Melki R, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Wyatt D, Igney F, Ciossek T. AAV-mediated expression of a new conformational anti-aggregated α-synuclein antibody prolongs survival in a genetic model of α-synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37322068 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion-like transmission of pathology in α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy is increasingly recognized as one potential mechanism to address disease progression. Active and passive immunotherapies targeting insoluble, aggregated α-synuclein are already being actively explored in the clinic with mixed outcomes so far. Here, we report the identification of 306C7B3, a highly selective, aggregate-specific α-synuclein antibody with picomolar affinity devoid of binding to the monomeric, physiologic protein. 306C7B3 binding is Ser129-phosphorylation independent and shows high affinity to several different aggregated α-synuclein polymorphs, increasing the likelihood that it can also bind to the pathological seeds assumed to drive disease progression in patients. In support of this, highly selective binding to pathological aggregates in postmortem brains of MSA patients was demonstrated, with no staining in samples from other human neurodegenerative diseases. To achieve CNS exposure of 306C7B3, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) based approach driving expression of the secreted antibody within the brain of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice was used. Widespread central transduction after intrastriatal inoculation was ensured by using the AAV2HBKO serotype, with transduction being spread to areas far away from the inoculation site. Treatment of (Thy-1)-[A30P]-hα-synuclein mice at the age of 12 months demonstrated significantly increased survival, with 306C7B3 concentration reaching 3.9 nM in the cerebrospinal fluid. These results suggest that AAV-mediated expression of 306C7B3, targeting extracellular, presumably disease-propagating aggregates of α-synuclein, has great potential as a disease-modifying therapy for α-synucleinopathies as it ensures CNS exposure of the antibody, thereby mitigating the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dragica Blazevic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sarah Low
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - David Wyatt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frederik Igney
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
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Opportunities and challenges of alpha-synuclein as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35869066 PMCID: PMC9307631 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, develops and progresses for 10–15 years before the clinical diagnostic symptoms of the disease are manifested. Furthermore, several aspects of PD pathology overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) linked to alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation, also called synucleinopathies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and validate early diagnostic and prognostic markers that reflect disease pathophysiology, progression, severity, and potential differences in disease mechanisms between PD and other NDDs. The close association between aSyn and the development of pathology in synucleinopathies, along with the identification of aSyn species in biological fluids, has led to increasing interest in aSyn species as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and differentiate it from other synucleinopathies. In this review, we (1) provide an overview of the progress toward mapping the distribution of aSyn species in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids; (2) present comparative and critical analysis of previous studies that measured total aSyn as well as other species such as modified and aggregated forms of aSyn in different biological fluids; and (3) highlight conceptual and technical gaps and challenges that could hinder the development and validation of reliable aSyn biomarkers; and (4) outline a series of recommendations to address these challenges. Finally, we propose a combined biomarker approach based on integrating biochemical, aggregation and structure features of aSyn, in addition to other biomarkers of neurodegeneration. We believe that capturing the diversity of aSyn species is essential to develop robust assays and diagnostics for early detection, patient stratification, monitoring of disease progression, and differentiation between synucleinopathies. This could transform clinical trial design and implementation, accelerate the development of new therapies, and improve clinical decisions and treatment strategies.
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Margiana R, Hammid AT, Ahmad I, Alsaikhan F, Turki Jalil A, Tursunbaev F, Umar F, Romero Parra RM, Fakri Mustafa Y. Current Progress in Aptasensor for Ultra-Low Level Monitoring of Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:617-632. [PMID: 35754381 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In today's world, Parkinson's disease (PD) has been introduced as a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system which mainly affects approximately more than ten million people worldwide. The vast majority of diagnostic methods for PD have operated based on conventional sensing platforms, while the traditional laboratory tests are not efficient for diagnosis of PD in the early stage due to symptoms of this common neurodegenerative syndrome starting slowly. The advent of the aptasensor has revolutionized the early-stage diagnosis of PD by measuring related biomarkers due to the myriad advantages of originating from aptamers which can be able to sensitive and selective capture various types of related biomarkers. The progress of numerous sensing platforms and methodologies in terms of biosensors based on aptamer application for PD diagnosis has revealed promising results. In this review, we present the latest developments in myriad types of aptasensors for the determination of related PD biomarkers. Working strategies, advantages and limitations of these sensing approaches are also mentioned, followed by prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia Surabaya
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Farkhod Tursunbaev
- Independent Researcher, "Medcloud" Educational Centre, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Research Scholar, Department of Science and Innovation, Akfa University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fadilah Umar
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Detection and assessment of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson disease. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105358. [PMID: 35561817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different studies have reported varying alpha-synuclein values in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and plasma, making determination of the alpha-synuclein cutoff value for Parkinson's disease difficult and rendering identifying the cause of variation essential. METHOD We searched PubMed from inception to June 2021 and identified 76 eligible studies. Included studies reported data on total, phosphorylated, and oligomeric alpha-synuclein in the CSF, serum, or plasma from individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. The mean or median alpha-synuclein values from the included studies were summarized and categorized through laboratory assays to visualize potential trends. RESULTS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common assay used to determine alpha-synuclein concentrations. Less common assays include Luminex, single molecule arrays, electrochemiluminescence, and immunomagnetic reduction (IMR). IMR is a single-antibody and wash-free immunoassay designed for determining the extremely low concentration of bio-molecules. For patients with Parkinson's disease, the median or mean testing values ranged from 60.9 to 55,000 pg/mL in the CSF, 0.446 to 1,777,100 pg/mL in plasma, and 0.0292 to 38,200,000 pg/mL in serum. The antibody selection was diverse between studies. The tendency of distribution was more centralized among studies that used the same kit. Studies adopting specific antibodies or in-house assays contribute to the extreme values. Only a few studies on phosphorylated and oligomeric alpha-synuclein were included. CONCLUSION The type of assay and antibody selection in the laboratory played major roles in the alpha-synuclein variation. Studies that used the same assay and kit yielded relatively unanimous results. Furthermore, IMR may be a promising assay for plasma and serum alpha-synuclein quantification. A consensus on sample preparation and testing protocol unification is warranted in the future.
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Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao H, Liu F, Zhang S, Zhang CX, Yang Z. Combination of liquid crystal and deep learning reveals distinct signatures of Parkinson's disease-related wild-type α-synuclein and six pathogenic mutants. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101251. [PMID: 34877798 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a central player in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Various point mutations in α-synuclein have been identified to alter the protein-phospholipid binding behavior and cause PD. Therefore, exploration of α-synuclein-phospholipid interaction is important for understanding the PD pathogenesis and helping the early diagnosis of PD. Herein, a phospholipid-decorated liquid crystal (LC)-aqueous interface is constructed to investigate the binding between α-synucleins (wild-type and six familial mutant A30P, E46K, H50Q, G51D, A53E and A53T) and phospholipid. The application of deep learning analyzes and reveals distinct LC signatures generated by the binding of α-synuclein and phospholipid. This system allows for the identification of single point mutant α-synucleins with an average accuracy of 98.3±1.3% in a fast and efficient manner. We propose that this analytical methodology provides a new platform to understand α-synuclein-lipid interactions, and can be potentially developed for easy identification of α-synuclein mutations in common clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Hansen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fengwei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Claire Xi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Fan Q, Gao Y, Mazur F, Chandrawati R. Nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensors to detect neurodegenerative disease biomarkers. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6983-7007. [PMID: 34528639 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are progressive, incurable health conditions that primarily affect brain cells, and result in loss of brain mass and impaired function. Current sensing technologies for NDD detection are limited by high cost, long sample preparation, and/or require skilled personnel. To overcome these limitations, optical sensors, specifically colorimetric sensors, have garnered increasing attention towards the development of a cost-effective, simple, and rapid alternative approach. In this review, we evaluate colorimetric sensing strategies of NDD biomarkers (e.g. proteins, neurotransmitters, bio-thiols, and sulfide), address the limitations and challenges of optical sensor technologies, and provide our outlook on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Federico Mazur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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12
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Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Keller MA, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Fatal attraction - The role of hypoxia when alpha-synuclein gets intimate with mitochondria. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:128-141. [PMID: 34428721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction are main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleinopathies. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may not be sufficient to cause PD. Here we propose the role of hypoxia as a missing link that connects the complex interplay between alpha-synuclein biochemistry and pathology, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD. We review the partly conflicting literature on alpha-synuclein binding to membranes and mitochondria and its impact on mitochondrial functions. From there, we focus on adverse changes in cellular environments, revolving around hypoxic stress, that may trigger or facilitate PD progression. Inter-dependent structural re-arrangements of mitochondrial membranes, including increased cytoplasmic exposure of mitochondrial cardiolipins and changes in alpha-synuclein localization and conformation are discussed consequences of such conditions. Enhancing cellular resilience could be an integral part of future combination-based therapies of PD. This may be achieved by boosting the capacity of cellular and specifically mitochondrial processes to regulate and adapt to altered proteostasis, redox, and inflammatory conditions and by inducing protective molecular and tissue re-modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Yang X, Zhao X, Liu F, Li H, Zhang CX, Yang Z. Simple, rapid and sensitive detection of Parkinson's disease related alpha-synuclein using a DNA aptamer assisted liquid crystal biosensor. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4842-4847. [PMID: 33889925 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αS) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the detection of αS using a simple, rapid and sensitive approach is still challenging. Herein, we construct a new type of biosensor for the detection of αS, combining the stimuli-responsiveness of liquid crystals (LCs) and the specific interaction of a DNA aptamer with proteins. In principle, the positively charged surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) binds with the negatively charged DNA aptamer via electrostatic interactions; in the presence of αS, the DNA aptamer specifically binds with αS and releases CTAB, which is an amphiphilic molecule and subsequently assembles at the LC-aqueous interface, resulting in a homeotropic alignment of LCs with a dark optical signal. In the absence of αS, CTAB binds with the DNA aptamer without affecting the alignment of LCs, which shows planar anchoring with a bright optical signal. The response time of LCs towards αS is rapid and can be down to minutes. The LC biosensor established here has a good specificity for αS and can recognize αS even from a mixture of proteins. The LC biosensor also exhibits high sensitivity with a limit of detection of αS as low as 10 pM, which is comparable to that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This work provides a new strategy for the detection of αS in a simple, rapid and sensitive manner, possessing promising potentials towards early diagnosis and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Fengwei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Haiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Claire Xi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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14
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Biosensors in Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:51-58. [PMID: 33753044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most critical disorders of the elderly and strongly associated with increased disability, and reduced quality of life. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting more than six million people worldwide. Evaluation of clinical manifestations, as well as movement disorders by a neurologist and some routine laboratory tests are the most important diagnostic methods for PD. However, routine and old methods have several disadvantages and limitations such as low sensitivity and selectivity, high cost, and need for advanced equipment. Biosensors technology opens up new diagnoses approach for PD with the use of a new platform that allows reliable, repeatable, and multidimensional identification to be made with minimal problem and discomfort for patients. For instance, biosensing systems can provide promising tools for PD treatment and monitoring. Amongst biosensor technology, electrochemical techniques have been at the frontline of this progress, thanks to the developments in material science, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This paper evaluates the latest progress in electrochemical and optical biosensors for PD diagnosis.
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15
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Nam D, Kim A, Han SJ, Lee SI, Park SH, Seol W, Son I, Ho DH. Analysis of α-synuclein levels related to LRRK2 kinase activity: from substantia nigra to urine of patients with Parkinson's disease. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:28-36. [PMID: 33717414 PMCID: PMC7935126 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1883735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been focused on the development of PD diagnostic tools as much as the development of PD therapeutics. Several genetic culprits of PD, including DJ-1, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and α-synuclein (α-syn), have been investigated as markers of PD in human biofluids. Unfortunately, the approaches to develop PD diagnostic tools are impractical, and there is a considerable demand for an appropriate marker of PD. The measurement of α-syn in biofluids has recently been made more accurate by examining monomers and aggregates separately using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Previously, we reported on the development of two types of sandwich ELISA for total α-syn and MJFR-14-6-4-2 antibody-specific α-syn fibrillar oligomers. The pathogenic LRRK2 G2019S mutation is related to increased α-syn secretion in the extracellular space. We tested our established ELISA using differentiated SH-SH5Y cells transfected with LRRK2 G2019S. The secretory levels of fibrillar oligomeric α-syn divided by total α-syn were significantly increased in LRRK2 G2019S-expressing cells. Additionally, substantia nigra lysates or concentrated urine from PD patients and non-PD subjects were analyzed. We observed ambiguous changes in the levels of total or fibrillar oligomeric α-syn and their ratio between PD and non-PD. Despite the insignificant increase in the relative levels of fibrillar oligomeric α-syn to total α-syn in PD, the duration of disease progression after diagnosis significantly corresponded to the relative levels of fibrillar oligomeric α-syn to total α-syn in the urine. These results might provide greater understanding for the next stage of development of α-syn ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daleum Nam
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Kim
- Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Han
- Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Gunpo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
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16
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Schlichtmann BW, Kondru N, Hepker MM, Kanthasamy AG, Anantharam V, John M, Ban B, Mallapragada SK, Narasimhan B. Enzyme Immunoassay-Based Platform for Accurate Detection of Serum Pathological α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease Patients. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4179-4190. [PMID: 33196164 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An assay for accurately diagnosing early stage Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently unavailable, and therefore, there is an urgent and unmet need. Such a diagnostic assay will enable prompt institution of appropriate supportive management measures to prevent rapid deterioration of disease and improve both quality of life and life expectancy of PD patients. A reliable assay platform will also be of great benefit to drug discovery and drug development in the area of PD. To this end, we describe the development of two indirect, competitive, semiquantitative enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), each employing a disparate singularly specific mouse monoclonal antibody (ssMAb) against pathological aggregates of human α-Synuclein (αSynagg), a well-established biomarker pathognomonic of PD. Our results demonstrate that these EIAs in tandem accurately discriminated between αSynagg serum concentrations from PD patients and age-matched healthy control (HC) individuals (PD = 1700 ± 220 ng/mL; HC = 870 ± 120 ng/mL with an overall sensitivity of 56%, specificity of 63%, positive predictive value of 60%, and negative predictive value of 59%). The limits of detection of αSynagg were 400 and 300 pg/mL for ssMAbs 3C5 and 5H6, respectively. These tandem EIAs have the potential to add to the repertoire of tools for earlier diagnosis of this debilitating disorder, as well as for drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Schlichtmann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Monica M Hepker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- PK Biosciences Corporation, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Manohar John
- PathoVacs, Incorporated, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bhupal Ban
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Nanovaccine Institute, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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17
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Breza M, Emmanouilidou E, Leandrou E, Kartanou C, Bougea A, Panas M, Stefanis L, Karadima G, Vekrellis K, Koutsis G. Elevated Serum α-Synuclein Levels in Huntington’s Disease Patients. Neuroscience 2020; 431:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Cariulo C, Martufi P, Verani M, Azzollini L, Bruni G, Weiss A, Deguire SM, Lashuel HA, Scaricamazza E, Sancesario GM, Schirinzi T, Mercuri NB, Sancesario G, Caricasole A, Petricca L. Phospho-S129 Alpha-Synuclein Is Present in Human Plasma but Not in Cerebrospinal Fluid as Determined by an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:889. [PMID: 31507364 PMCID: PMC6714598 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein is believed to be a cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein at S129 is known to be associated with the pathological misfolding process, but efforts to investigate the relevance of this post-translational modification for pathology have been frustrated by difficulties in detecting and quantifying it in relevant samples. We report novel, ultrasensitive immunoassays based on single-molecule counting technology, useful for detecting alpha-synuclein and its S129 phosphorylated form in clinical samples in the low pg/ml range. Using human CSF and plasma samples, we find levels of alpha-synuclein comparable to those previously reported. However, while alpha-synuclein phosphorylated on S129 could easily be detected in human plasma, where its detection is extremely sensitive to protein phosphatases, its levels in CSF were undetectable, with a possible influence of a matrix effect. In plasma samples from a small test cohort comprising 5 PD individuals and five age-matched control individuals we find that pS129 alpha-synuclein levels are increased in PD plasma samples, in line with previous reports. We conclude that pS129 alpha-synuclein is not detectable in CSF and recommend the addition of phosphatase inhibitors to plasma samples at the time of collection. Moreover, the findings obtained on the small cohort of clinical plasma samples point to plasma pS129 alpha-synuclein levels as a candidate diagnostic biomarker in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Martufi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sean M Deguire
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Scaricamazza
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lara Petricca
- Department of Neuroscience, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
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19
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Sundaram S, Hughes RL, Peterson E, Müller-Oehring EM, Brontë-Stewart HM, Poston KL, Faerman A, Bhowmick C, Schulte T. Establishing a framework for neuropathological correlates and glymphatic system functioning in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:305-315. [PMID: 31132378 PMCID: PMC6692229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has advanced our understanding of the function of sleep to include removal of neurotoxic protein aggregates via the glymphatic system. However, most research on the glymphatic system utilizes animal models, and the function of waste clearance processes in humans remains unclear. Understanding glymphatic function offers new insight into the development of neurodegenerative diseases that result from toxic protein inclusions, particularly those characterized by neuropathological sleep dysfunction, like Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD, we propose that glymphatic flow may be compromised due to the combined neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein protein aggregates and deteriorated dopaminergic neurons that are linked to altered REM sleep, circadian rhythms, and clock gene dysfunction. This review highlights the importance of understanding the functional role of glymphatic system disturbance in neurodegenerative disorders and the subsequent clinical and neuropathological effects on disease progression. Future research initiatives utilizing noninvasive brain imaging methods in human subjects with PD are warranted, as in vivo identification of functional biomarkers in glymphatic system functioning may improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Sundaram
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Rachel L Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Eric Peterson
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Helen M Brontë-Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Afik Faerman
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Chloe Bhowmick
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Neuroscience Program, Center for Health Sciences, Bioscience Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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20
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Ryan L, Hay M, Huentelman MJ, Duarte A, Rundek T, Levin B, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Mehl MR, Barnes CA. Precision Aging: Applying Precision Medicine to the Field of Cognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:128. [PMID: 31231204 PMCID: PMC6568195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current "one size fits all" approach to our cognitive aging population is not adequate to close the gap between cognitive health span and lifespan. In this review article, we present a novel model for understanding, preventing, and treating age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) based on concepts borrowed from precision medicine. We will discuss how multiple risk factors can be classified into risk categories because of their interrelatedness in real life, the genetic variants that increase sensitivity to, or ameliorate, risk for ARCI, and the brain drivers or common mechanisms mediating brain aging. Rather than providing a definitive model of risk for ARCI and cognitive decline, the Precision Aging model is meant as a starting point to guide future research. To that end, after briefly discussing key risk categories, genetic risks, and brain drivers, we conclude with a discussion of steps that must be taken to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ryan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Meredith Hay
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matt J. Huentelman
- Neurobehavioral Research Unit, Division of Neurological Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Clinical and Translational Research Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Neuropsychology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthias R. Mehl
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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21
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Bakshi S, Chelliah V, Chen C, van der Graaf PH. Mathematical Biology Models of Parkinson's Disease. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:77-86. [PMID: 30358157 PMCID: PMC6389348 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with substantial and growing socio-economic burden. In this multifactorial disease, aging, environmental, and genetic factors contribute to neurodegeneration and dopamine (DA) deficiency in the brain. Treatments aimed at DA restoration provide symptomatic relief, however, no disease modifying treatments are available, and PD remains incurable to date. Mathematical modeling can help understand such complex multifactorial neurological diseases. We review mathematical modeling efforts in PD with a focus on mechanistic models of pathogenic processes. We consider models of α-synuclein (Asyn) aggregation, feedbacks among Asyn, DA, and mitochondria and proteolytic systems, as well as pathology propagation through the brain. We hope that critical understanding of existing literature will pave the way to the development of quantitative systems pharmacology models to aid PD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Bakshi
- Certara QSPBredaThe Netherlands
- Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR)Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Chao Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling & SimulationGlaxoSmithKlineUxbridgeUK
| | - Piet H. van der Graaf
- Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR)Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Certara QSPCanterbury
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22
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Cova I, Priori A. Diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease at a glance: where are we? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1417-1432. [PMID: 30145631 PMCID: PMC6132920 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose aetiology remains unclear: degeneration involves several neurotransmission systems, resulting in a heterogeneous disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. PD causes progressive disability that responds only to symptomatic therapies. Future advances include neuroprotective strategies for use in at-risk populations before the clinical onset of disease, hence the continuing need to identify reliable biomarkers that can facilitate the clinical diagnosis of PD. In this evaluative review, we summarize information on potential diagnostic biomarkers for use in the clinical and preclinical stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cova
- Neurology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Department of Health Sciences, "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Wang J, Chen Z, Walston J, Gao P, Gao M, Leng SX. α-Synuclein activates innate immunity but suppresses interferon-γ expression in murine astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:10.1111/ejn.13956. [PMID: 29779267 PMCID: PMC6949420 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glial activation and neuroinflammation contribute to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, linked to neuron loss and dysfunction. α-Synuclein (α-syn), as a metabolite of neuron, can induce microglia activation to trigger innate immune response. However, whether α-syn, as well as its mutants (A53T, A30P, and E46K), induces astrocyte activation and inflammatory response is not fully elucidated. In this study, we used A53T mutant and wild-type α-syns to stimulate primary astrocytes in dose- and time-dependent manners (0.5, 2, 8, and 20 μg/ml for 24 hr or 3, 12, 24, and 48 hr at 2 μg/ml), and evaluated activation of several canonical inflammatory pathway components. The results showed that A53T mutant or wild-type α-syn significantly upregulated mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR3, nuclear factor-κB and interleukin (IL)-1β, displaying a pattern of positive dose-effect correlation or negative time-effect correlation. Such upregulation was confirmed at protein levels of TLR2 (at 20 μg/ml), TLR3 (at most doses), and IL-1β (at 3 hr) by western blotting. Blockage of TLR2 other than TLR4 inhibited TLR3 and IL-1β mRNA expressions. By contrast, interferon (IFN)-γ was significantly downregulated at mRNA, protein, and protein release levels, especially at high concentrations of α-syns or early time-points. These findings indicate that α-syn was a TLRs-mediated immunogenic agent (A53T mutant stronger than wild-type α-syn). The stimulation patterns suggest that persistent release and accumulation of α-syn is required for the maintenance of innate immunity activation, and IFN-γ expression inhibition by α-syn suggests a novel immune molecule interaction mechanism underlying pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Wang
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maolong Gao
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Epigenetic Modifications of the α-Synuclein Gene and Relative Protein Content Are Affected by Ageing and Physical Exercise in Blood from Healthy Subjects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3740345. [PMID: 29849887 PMCID: PMC5924988 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3740345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation may contribute to the beneficial effects of physical activity against age-related neurodegeneration. For example, epigenetic alterations of the gene encoding for α-synuclein (SNCA) have been widely explored in both brain and peripheral tissues of Parkinson's disease samples. However, no data are currently available about the effects of physical exercise on SNCA epigenetic regulation in ageing healthy subjects. The present paper explored whether, in healthy individuals, age and physical activity are related to blood intron1-SNCA (SNCAI1) methylation, as well as further parameters linked to such epigenetic modification (total, oligomeric α-synuclein and DNA methyltransferase concentrations in the blood). Here, the SNCAI1 methylation status increased with ageing, and consistent with this result, low α-synuclein levels were found in the blood. The direct relationship between SNCAI1 methylation and α-synuclein levels was observed in samples characterized by blood α-synuclein concentrations of 76.3 ng/mg protein or lower (confidence interval (CI) = 95%). In this selected population, higher physical activity reduced the total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels. Taken together, our data shed light on ageing- and physical exercise-induced changes on the SNCA methylation status and protein levels of α-synuclein.
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Daniele S, Pietrobono D, Fusi J, Lo Gerfo A, Cerri E, Chico L, Iofrida C, Petrozzi L, Baldacci F, Giacomelli C, Galetta F, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Trincavelli ML, Franzoni F, Martini C. α-Synuclein Aggregated with Tau and β-Amyloid in Human Platelets from Healthy Subjects: Correlation with Physical Exercise. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:17. [PMID: 29441013 PMCID: PMC5797553 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of protein homeostasis that has been associated with aging leads to altered levels and conformational instability of proteins, which tend to form toxic aggregates. In particular, brain aging presents characteristic patterns of misfolded oligomers, primarily constituted of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-syn), which can accumulate in neuronal membranes or extracellular compartments. Such aging-related proteins can also reach peripheral compartments, thus suggesting the possibility to monitor their accumulation in more accessible fluids. In this respect, we have demonstrated that α-syn forms detectable hetero-aggregates with Aβ or tau in red blood cells (RBCs) of healthy subjects. In particular, α-syn levels and its heteromeric interactions are modulated by plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), which increases in turn with physical activity. In order to understand if a specific distribution of misfolded proteins can occur in other blood cells, a cohort of human subjects was enrolled to establish a correlation among AOC, the level of physical exercise and the concentrations of aging-related proteins in platelets. The healthy subjects were divided depending on their level of physical exercise (i.e., athletes and sedentary subjects) and their age (young and older subjects). Herein, aging-related proteins (i.e., α-syn, tau and Aβ) were confirmed to be present in human platelets. Among such proteins, platelet tau concentration was demonstrated to decrease in athletes, while α-syn and Aβ did not correlate with physical exercise. For the first time, α-syn was shown to directly interact with Aβ and tau in platelets, forming detectable hetero-complexes. Interestingly, α-syn interaction with tau was inversely related to plasma AOC and to the level of physical activity. These results suggested that α-syn heterocomplexes, particularly with tau, could represent novel indicators to monitor aging-related proteins in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cerri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Antunes L, Frasquilho S, Ostaszewski M, Weber J, Longhino L, Antony P, Baumuratov A, Buttini M, Shannon KM, Balling R, Diederich NJ. Similar α-Synuclein staining in the colon mucosa in patients with Parkinson's disease and controls. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1567-1570. [PMID: 27324838 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut is proposed as a starting point of idiopathic IPD, but the presence of α-synuclein in the IPD colon mucosa is debated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate if α-synuclein in the colon mucosa can serve as a biomarker of IPD. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to locate and quantify in a blinded approach α-synuclein in the mucosa from biopsies of the right and left colon in 19 IPD patients and 8 controls. RESULTS Total α-synuclein was present in all but 1 IPD patients and in all controls; phosphorylated α-synuclein was present in all subjects. There was no intensity difference depending on disease status. Staining of total α-synuclein was stronger in the right colon (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Conventional immunohistochemistry α-synuclein staining in colon mucosal biopsies cannot serve as a biomarker of idiopathic PD. These findings do not contradict the assumption of disease starting in the colon, and a colon segment-specific risk for disease initiation can still be hypothesized. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Antunes
- Department of Pathology, Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Sonia Frasquilho
- Department of Pathology, Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Department of Pathology, Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Jos Weber
- Luxembourg Centre of Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Longhino
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Aidos Baumuratov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Kathleen M Shannon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rudi Balling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg
| | - Nico J Diederich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg. .,Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg.
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27
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Lin CH, Yang SY, Horng HE, Yang CC, Chieh JJ, Chen HH, Liu BH, Chiu MJ. Plasma α-synuclein predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:818-824. [PMID: 28550072 PMCID: PMC5629933 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE α-Synuclein is critical to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies examined the plasma levels of α-synuclein due to the exceptionally low level of α-synuclein in plasma compared with cerebrospinal fluid. We aimed to investigate plasma α-synuclein in patients with PD of different disease severity. METHODS There were total 114 participants, including 80 patients with PD and 34 controls, in the study. Participants received a complete evaluation of motor and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive function. We applied immunomagnetic reduction-based immunoassay to measure plasma levels of α-synuclein. RESULTS Plasma levels of α-synuclein were significantly higher in patients with PD compared with controls (median: 1.56 pg/mL, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.98 pg/mL vs 0.02 pg/mL, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.03 pg/mL; p<0.0001). Although there was a significant increase in plasma α-synuclein levels in PD patients with a higher Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, there was no correlation with motor symptom severity, as assessed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III scores, after confounders (age, gender, and disease duration) were taken into account. However, plasma α-synuclein levels were significantly higher in PD patients with dementia (PDD) than in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or normal cognition (0.42 pg/mL, (95% CI 0.25 to 0.93) for PD with normal cognition; 1.29 pg/mL (95% CI 0.76 to 1.93) for PD-MCI and 4.09 pg/mL (95% CI 1.99 to 6.19) for PDD, p<0.01) and were negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores (R2-adjusted=0.3004, p<0.001), even after confounder adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that plasma α-synuclein level correlates with cognitive decline but not motor severity in patients with PD. Plasma α-synuclein could serve as a surrogate biomarker for patients at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsien Lin
- Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Herng-Er Horng
- Institute of Electro-optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Jie Chieh
- Institute of Electro-optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Qiao H, He X, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Li L, Hui Y, Li W, Wang D, Wu Z. Α-synuclein induces microglial cell migration through stimulating HIF-1α accumulation. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1809-1817. [PMID: 28134982 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Qiao
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Xijing He
- Departments of Orthopedics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Qiaojun Zhang
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Libo Li
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Yanping Hui
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Dong Wang
- Departments of Orthopedics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
| | - Zhonghen Wu
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an China
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Bellucci A, Mercuri NB, Venneri A, Faustini G, Longhena F, Pizzi M, Missale C, Spano P. Review: Parkinson's disease: from synaptic loss to connectome dysfunction. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 42:77-94. [PMID: 26613567 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with prominent loss of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons. The resultant dopamine (DA) deficiency underlies the onset of typical motor symptoms (MS). Nonetheless, individuals affected by PD usually show a plethora of nonmotor symptoms (NMS), part of which may precede the onset of motor signs. Besides DA neuron degeneration, a key neuropathological alteration in the PD brain is Lewy pathology. This is characterized by abnormal intraneuronal (Lewy bodies) and intraneuritic (Lewy neurites) deposits of fibrillary aggregates mainly composed of α-synuclein. Lewy pathology has been hypothesized to progress in a stereotypical pattern over the course of PD and α-synuclein mutations and multiplications have been found to cause monogenic forms of the disease, thus raising the question as to whether this protein is pathogenic in this disorder. Findings showing that the majority of α-synuclein aggregates in PD are located at presynapses and this underlies the onset of synaptic and axonal degeneration, coupled to the fact that functional connectivity changes correlate with disease progression, strengthen this idea. Indeed, by altering the proper action of key molecules involved in the control of neurotransmitter release and re-cycling as well as synaptic and structural plasticity, α-synuclein deposition may crucially impair axonal trafficking, resulting in a series of noxious events, whose pressure may inevitably degenerate into neuronal damage and death. Here, we provide a timely overview of the molecular features of synaptic loss in PD and disclose their possible translation into clinical symptoms through functional disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Annalena Venneri
- IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo (NHS-Italy), Venice Lido, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Longhena
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo (NHS-Italy), Venice Lido, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - PierFranco Spano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo (NHS-Italy), Venice Lido, Italy
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30
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Kang W, Chen W, Yang Q, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wang X, Dong F, Zhao Y, Chen S, Quinn TJ, Zhang J, Chen S, Liu J. Salivary total α-synuclein, oligomeric α-synuclein and SNCA variants in Parkinson's disease patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28143. [PMID: 27335051 PMCID: PMC4917865 DOI: 10.1038/srep28143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels in PD. Furthermore, we sought to explore the relationship between salivary total α-synuclein and α-synuclein SNP variants levels. 201 PD patients and 67 controls were recruited, of which there also had the genetic information of two positive α-synuclein (SNCA) loci. Salivary total α-synuclein was assayed using a highly sensitive Luminex assay and oligomeric α-synuclein was quantified by the combination of Gel filtration chromatography and Western blot, respectively. From our analysis,No difference in salivary total α-synuclein levels was found between PD patients and healthy controls, it decreased with age in PD patients, and was closely associated with genotypic distribution of rs11931074 and rs894278 in PD, respectively. After controlled for age and genders, G allele of rs11931074 was correlated with lower salivary total α-synuclein levels, while G allele of rs894278 was also correlated with the higher levels. Simultaneously, the further study was shown that salivary oligomeric α-synuclein in PD patients significantly increased comparing to healthy controls. In conclusions,our study firstly demonstrated that salivary total α-synuclein levels could be manipulated by different α-synuclein SNPs and salivary oligomeric α-synuclein could be a potential diagnostic indicator of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Kang
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital North affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangyi Dong
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Thomas J Quinn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology &Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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31
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Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL. Αlpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2675-700. [PMID: 26501339 PMCID: PMC4693253 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and misfolding of the alpha-synuclein protein are core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. While the normal function of alpha-synuclein is mainly related to the control of vesicular neurotransmission, its pathogenic effects are linked to various cellular functions, which include mitochondrial activity, as well as proteasome and autophagic degradation of proteins. Remarkably, these functions are also affected when the renewal of macromolecules and organelles becomes impaired during the normal aging process. As aging is considered a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease, it is critical to explore its molecular and cellular implications in the context of the alpha-synuclein pathology. Here, we discuss similarities and differences between normal brain aging and Parkinson's disease, with a particular emphasis on the nigral dopaminergic neurons, which appear to be selectively vulnerable to the combined effects of alpha-synuclein and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Bobela
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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32
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Plasma α-synuclein could be a biomarker of healthy ageing. Nat Rev Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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A DeMarshall C, Sarkar A, G Nagele R. Serum Autoantibodies as Biomarkers for Parkinsons Disease: Background and Utility. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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