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Jun L, Tao YX, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds. Curr Nutr Rep 2024:10.1007/s13668-024-00555-7. [PMID: 38976215 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The global obesity epidemic has become a major public health concern, necessitating comprehensive research into its adverse effects on various tissues within the human body. Among these tissues, skeletal muscle has gained attention due to its susceptibility to obesity-related alterations. Mitochondria are primary source of energy production in the skeletal muscle. Healthy skeletal muscle maintains constant mitochondrial content through continuous cycle of synthesis and degradation. However, obesity has been shown to disrupt this intricate balance. This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle mitochondria structure and function. In addition, we summarize the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial quality control systems and how obesity impacts these systems. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings show various interventions aimed at mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in obese model, encompassing strategies including caloric restriction and various dietary compounds. Obesity has deleterious effect on skeletal muscle mitochondria by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Caloric restriction, omega-3 fatty acids, resveratrol, and other dietary compounds enhance mitochondrial function and present promising therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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2
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Hall ECR, Lockey SJ, Heffernan SM, Herbert AJ, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Erskine RM, Williams AG. The PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism is associated with elite long-distance running performance. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:56-62. [PMID: 37012221 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2195737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Success in long-distance running relies on multiple factors including oxygen utilisation and lactate metabolism, and genetic associations with athlete status suggest elite competitors are heritably predisposed to superior performance. The Gly allele of the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 polymorphism has been associated with endurance athlete status and favourable aerobic training adaptations. However, the association of this polymorphism with performance amongst long-distance runners remains unclear. Accordingly, this study investigated whether rs8192678 was associated with elite status and competitive performance of long-distance runners. Genomic DNA from 656 Caucasian participants including 288 long-distance runners (201 men, 87 women) and 368 non-athletes (285 men, 83 women) was analysed. Medians of the 10 best UK times (Top10) for 10 km, half-marathon and marathon races were calculated, with all included athletes having personal best (PB) performances within 20% of Top10 (this study's definition of "elite"). Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between athletes and non-athletes, and athlete PB compared between genotypes. There were no differences in genotype frequency between athletes and non-athletes, but athlete Ser allele carriers were 2.5% faster than Gly/Gly homozygotes (p = 0.030). This study demonstrates that performance differences between elite long-distance runners are associated with rs8192678 genotype, with the Ser allele appearing to enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott C R Hall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Adam J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Centre for Stress and Age-related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alun G Williams
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Beeram H, Siddamalla S, Tumu VR, KV V, Vidala A, Deenadayal M, Sisinthy S, Bhanoori M. Genetic Variants of VDR and PGC-1α Are Not Associated with the Risk of Endometriosis in Indian Women. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:987-995. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Beeram
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Veena KV
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akanksha Vidala
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mamata Deenadayal
- Infertility Institute and Research Centre (IIRC), Secunderabad, India
| | - Shivaji Sisinthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manjula Bhanoori
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Montes-de-Oca-García A, Corral-Pérez J, Velázquez-Díaz D, Perez-Bey A, Rebollo-Ramos M, Marín-Galindo A, Gómez-Gallego F, Calderon-Dominguez M, Casals C, Ponce-González JG. Influence of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha gene rs8192678 polymorphism by gender on different health-related parameters in healthy young adults. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885185. [PMID: 35936915 PMCID: PMC9354774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on different health-related parameters in male and female young adults. The PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 polymorphism was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction in 74 healthy adults (28 women; 22.72 ± 4.40 years) from Andalusia (Spain). Health-related variables included cardiometabolic risk, anthropometry and body composition, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and HOMA-IR indexes), blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise, diet, basal metabolism, physical activity, maximal fat oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed differences by PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism in body mass (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.024), lean body mass (p = 0.024), body fat (p = 0.032), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and BP recovery ratio (p < 0.001). The recessive model (CC vs. CT/TT) showed similar results but also with differences in basal metabolism (p = 0.045) and total energy expenditure (p = 0.024). A genotype*sex interaction was found in the QUICKI index (p = 0.016), with differences between CC and CT/TT in men (p = 0.049) and between men and women inside the CT/TT group (p = 0.049). Thus, the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism is associated with body composition, basal metabolism, total energy expenditure, and BP recovery, where the CC genotype confers a protective effect. Moreover, our study highlighted sexual dimorphism in the influence of PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C>T polymorphism on the QUICKI index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Brain Aging and Cognitive Health Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Rebollo-Ramos
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Marín-Galindo
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Félix Gómez-Gallego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Casals,
| | - Jesús G. Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta Del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Kong S, Cai B, Nie Q. PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:621-633. [PMID: 35290519 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Kittilsen HT, Goleva-Fjellet S, Freberg BI, Nicolaisen I, Støa EM, Bratland-Sanda S, Helgerud J, Wang E, Sæbø M, Støren Ø. Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636972. [PMID: 33679448 PMCID: PMC7925619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations. Methods A total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678). Results All age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Torvild Kittilsen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Sannija Goleva-Fjellet
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.,The Norwegian Biathlon Association, Oslo, Norway.,Top Sports Medical Office, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Iver Nicolaisen
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Eva Maria Støa
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mona Sæbø
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Øyvind Støren
- Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway
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Yvert T, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Tobina T, Shiose K, Kakigi R, Tsuzuki T, Takaragawa M, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Pérez M, Kobayashi H, Tanaka H, Naito H, Fuku N. PPARGC1A rs8192678 and NRF1 rs6949152 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Muscle Fiber Composition in Women. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091012. [PMID: 32867330 PMCID: PMC7563119 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARGC1A rs8192678 G/A (Gly482Ser) and NRF1 rs6949152 A/G polymorphisms have been associated with endurance athlete status, endurance performance phenotypes, and certain health-related markers of different pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We hypothesized that they could be considered interesting candidates for explaining inter-individual variations in muscle fiber composition in humans. We aimed to examine possible associations of these polymorphisms with myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoforms as markers of muscle fiber compositions in vastus lateralis muscle in a population of 214 healthy Japanese subjects, aged between 19 and 79 years. No significant associations were found in men for any measured variables. In contrast, in women, the PPARGC1A rs8192678 A/A genotype was significantly associated with a higher proportion of MHC-I (p = 0.042) and with a lower proportion of MHC-IIx (p = 0.033), and the NRF1 rs6949152 AA genotype was significantly associated with a higher proportion of MHC-I (p = 0.008) and with a lower proportion of MHC IIx (p = 0.035). In women, the genotype scores of the modes presenting the most significant results for PPARGC1A rs8192678 G/A (Gly482Ser) and NRF1 rs6949152 A/G polymorphisms were significantly associated with MHC-I (p = 0.0007) and MHC IIx (p = 0.0016). That is, women with combined PPARGC1A A/A and NRF1 A/A genotypes presented the highest proportion of MHC-I and the lowest proportion of MHC-IIx, in contrast to women with combined PPARGC1A GG+GA and NRF1 AG+GG genotypes, who presented the lowest proportion of MHC-I and the highest proportion of MHC-IIx. Our results suggest possible associations between these polymorphisms (both individually and in combination) and the inter-individual variability observed in muscle fiber composition in women, but not in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yvert
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Takuro Tobina
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Management & Information Science, Josai International University, Chiba 283-8555, Japan;
| | | | - Mizuki Takaragawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, Ibaraki 310-0015, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.M.-M.); (M.T.); (N.I.-S.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-98-1001 (ext. 9203)
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8
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Alvarez-Romero J, Voisin S, Eynon N, Hiam D. Mapping Robust Genetic Variants Associated with Exercise Responses. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:3-18. [PMID: 32693428 DOI: 10.1055/a-1198-5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarised robust and consistent genetic variants associated with aerobic-related and resistance-related phenotypes. In total we highlight 12 SNPs and 7 SNPs that are robustly associated with variance in aerobic-related and resistance-related phenotypes respectively. To date, there is very little literature ascribed to understanding the interplay between genes and environmental factors and the development of physiological traits. We discuss future directions, including large-scale exercise studies to elucidate the functional relevance of the discovered genomic markers. This approach will allow more rigour and reproducible research in the field of exercise genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,MCRI, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Petr M, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Zajac A, Chycki J, Stastny P. Association of Elite Sports Status with Gene Variants of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors and Their Transcriptional Coactivator. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E162. [PMID: 31881714 PMCID: PMC6981913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the scientific literature regarding sports genomics has grown during the last decade, some genes, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), have not been fully described in terms of their role in achieving extraordinary sports performance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to determine which elite sports performance constraints are positively influenced by PPARs and their coactivators. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used, with a combination of PPAR and sports keywords. RESULTS In total, 27 studies that referred to PPARs in elite athletes were included, where the Ala allele in PPARG rs1801282 was associated with strength and power elite athlete status in comparison to subelite athlete status. The C allele in PPARA rs4253778 was associated with soccer, and the G allele PPARA rs4253778 was associated with endurance elite athlete status. Other elite status endurance alleles were the Gly allele in PPARGC1A rs8192678 and the C allele PPARD rs2016520. CONCLUSIONS PPARs can be used for estimating the potential to achieve elite status in human physical performance in strength and power, team, and aerobic sports disciplines. Carrying specific PPAR alleles can provide a partial benefit to achieving elite sports status, but does not preclude achieving elite status if they are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Adam Zajac
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.)
| | - Jakub Chycki
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.)
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
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10
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Stastny P, Lehnert M, De Ste Croix M, Petr M, Svoboda Z, Maixnerova E, Varekova R, Botek M, Petrek M, Kocourkova L, Cięszczyk P. Effect of COL5A1, GDF5, and PPARA Genes on a Movement Screen and Neuromuscular Performance in Adolescent Team Sport Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2057-2065. [PMID: 30985523 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stastny, P, Lehnert, M, De Ste Croix, M, Petr, M, Svoboda, Z, Maixnerova, E, Varekova, R, Botek, M, Petrek, M, Lenka, K, and Cięszczyk, P. Effect of COL5A1, GDF5, and PPARA genes on a movement screen and neuromuscular performance in adolescent team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2057-2065, 2019-The risk of injury increases with adolescents' chronological age and may be related to limited muscle function neuromuscular, genetic, and biomechanical factors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether COL5A1, PPARA, and GDF5 genes are associated with muscle functions and stretch-shortening cycle performance in adolescent athletes. One hundred forty-six youth players (14.4 ± 0.2 years) from various team sports (basketball n = 54, soccer n = 50, handball n = 32) underwent a manual test for muscle function, maturity estimation, functional bend test (FBT), passive straight leg raise (SLR) test, leg stiffness test, test of reactive strength index (RSI), and gene sampling for COL5A1, PPARA, and GDF5. The χ test did not show any differences in allele or genotype frequency between participants before and after peak height velocity. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that COL5A1 rs12722 CT heterozygotes had worse score in FBT (p < 0.001), worse score in SLR (p = 0.003), and lower maturity offset (p = 0.029, only in females) than TT homozygotes. Male GDF5 rs143383 GG homozygotes showed better score in SLR than AA and AG genotypes (p = 0.003), and AA and AG genotypes in both sex had greater RSI than GG homozygotes (p = 0.016). The PPARA rs4253778 CC homozygotes had greater RSI than GG and GC genotypes (p = 0.004). The CT genotype in COL5A1 rs12722 is possible predictor of functional movement disruption in the posterior hip muscle chain, causing shortening in FBT and SLR, which includes hamstrings function. CT genotype in COL5A1 rs12722 should be involved in programs targeting hamstring and posterior hip muscle chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Lehnert
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mark De Ste Croix
- School of Sport and Exercise, Exercise and Sport Research Center, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Svoboda
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Maixnerova
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Varekova
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Botek
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Petrek
- Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kocourkova
- Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pawel Cięszczyk
- Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.,The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Association of PPARGC1A Gly428Ser (rs8192678) polymorphism with potential for athletic ability and sports performance: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200967. [PMID: 30625151 PMCID: PMC6326506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetics plays a role in determining potential for athletic ability (AA) and sports performance (SP). In this study, AA involves comparing sedentary controls with competitive athletes in power and endurance activities as well as a mix between the two (SP). However, variable results from genetic association studies warrant a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates of the association between PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism and AA/SP. Methods Multi-database literature search yielded 14 articles (16 studies) for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations. Summary effects were modified based on statistical power. Subgroup analysis was based on SP (power, endurance and mixed) and race (Caucasians and Asians). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 metric and its sources examined with outlier analysis which dichotomized our findings into pre- (PRO) and post-outlier (PSO). Results Gly allele effects significantly favoring AA/SP (OR > 1.0, P < 0.05) form the core of our findings in: (i) homogeneous overall effect at the post-modified, PSO level (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.25, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%); (ii) initially homogeneous power SP (ORs 1.22–1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.44, P = 0.003–0.008, I2 = 0%) which precluded outlier treatment; (iii) PRO Caucasian outcomes (ORs 1.29–1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.54, P = 0.0005) over that of Asians with a pooled null effect (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.72–1.99, P = 0.53–0.92) and (iv) homogeneous all > 80% (ORs 1.19–1.38, 95% CI 1.05–1.66, P = 0.0007–0.007, I2 = 0%) on account of high statistical power (both study-specific and combined). In contrast, none of the Ser allele effects significantly favored AA/SP and no Ser-Gly genotype outcome favored AA/SP. The core significant outcomes were robust and showed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Meta-analytical applications in this study generated evidence that show association between the Gly allele and AA/SP. These were observed in the overall, Caucasians and statistically powered comparisons which exhibited consistent significance, stability, robustness, precision and lack of bias. Our central findings rest on association of the Gly allele with endurance and power, differentially favoring the latter over the former.
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12
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Petr M, Stastny P, Zajac A, Tufano JJ, Maciejewska-Skrendo A. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Transcriptional Coactivators Gene Variations in Human Trainability: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1472. [PMID: 29762540 PMCID: PMC5983571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARA, PPARG, PPARD) and their transcriptional coactivators' (PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B) gene polymorphisms have been associated with muscle morphology, oxygen uptake, power output and endurance performance. The purpose of this review is to determine whether the PPARs and/or their coactivators' polymorphisms can predict the training response to specific training stimuli. METHODS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, a literature review has been run for a combination of PPARs and physical activity key words. RESULTS All ten of the included studies were performed using aerobic training in general, sedentary or elderly populations from 21 to 75 years of age. The non-responders for aerobic training (VO₂peak increase, slow muscle fiber increase and low-density lipoprotein decrease) are the carriers of PPARGC1A rs8192678 Ser/Ser. The negative responders for aerobic training (decrease in VO₂peak) are carriers of the PPARD rs2267668 G allele. The negative responders for aerobic training (decreased glucose tolerance and insulin response) are subjects with the PPARG rs1801282 Pro/Pro genotype. The best responders to aerobic training are PPARGC1A rs8192678 Gly/Gly, PPARD rs1053049 TT, PPARD rs2267668 AA and PPARG rs1801282 Ala carriers. CONCLUSIONS The human response for aerobic training is significantly influenced by PPARs' gene polymorphism and their coactivators, where aerobic training can negatively influence glucose metabolism and VO₂peak in some genetically-predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Zajac
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - James J Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Fernández RAR, Pereira YCL, Iyomasa DM, Calzzani RA, Leite-Panissi CRA, Iyomasa MM, Nascimento GC. Metabolic and vascular pattern in medial pterygoid muscle is altered by chronic stress in an animal model of hypodontia. Physiol Behav 2017; 185:70-78. [PMID: 29275100 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is an important perpetuating, worsening and risk factor for temporomandibular disorders of muscular or articular origin. Occlusion instability, by the way, is considered a risk factor of this pathology and can be reproduced in some experimental animal models. The exact physiologic mechanism underlying these relations however, remains unclear. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that chronic stress and unilateral exodontia induce metabolic and vascular changes in the medial pterygoid muscle of rats. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to chronic unpredictable stress and/or unilateral exodontia and their plasma and medial pterygoid muscle were removed for analysis. The parameters evaluated included plasma levels of corticosterone, metabolic activity by succinate dehydrogenase, oxidative capacity by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, capillary density by laminin and alfa-CD staining and reactive oxidative species production. Chronic unpredictable stress as an isolated factor, increased oxidative metabolism, capillary density and reactive oxygen species production at medial pterygoid muscle. Conversely, exodontia has a main effect in metabolism, promoting glycolytic transformation of muscle fibers. Association of both factors induced a major glycolytic pattern in muscle and vascular changes. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms, possibly inducing metabolic and vascular alterations on medial pterygoid muscle of rats, by which chronic stress and occlusal instabilities might be involved as risk factors in the pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders with muscular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Alberto Restrepo Fernández
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Yamba Carla Lara Pereira
- Biology Dental Buco Graduate Program, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mizusaki Iyomasa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Calzzani
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; Psychobiology Graduate Program, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Mamie Mizusaki Iyomasa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Glauce Crivelaro Nascimento
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry Faculty, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Understanding Personalized Training Responses: Can Genetic Assessment Help? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Traditional exercise prescription is based on the assumption that exercise adaptation is predictable and standardised across individuals. However, evidence has emerged in the past two decades demonstrating that large inter-individual variation exists regarding the magnitude and direction of adaption following exercise.Objective:The aim of this paper was to discuss the key factors influencing this personalized response to exercise in a narrative review format.Findings:Genetic variation contributes significantly to the personalized training response, with specific polymorphisms associated with differences in exercise adaptation. These polymorphisms exist in a number of pathways controlling exercise adaptation. Environmental factors such as nutrition, psycho-emotional response, individual history and training programme design also modify the inter-individual adaptation following training. Within the emerging field of epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA allow environmental and lifestyle factors to impact genetic expression. These epigenetic mechanisms are themselves modified by genetic and non-genetic factors, illustrating the complex interplay between variables in determining the adaptive response. Given that genetic factors are such a fundamental modulator of the inter-individual response to exercise, genetic testing may provide a useful and affordable addition to those looking to maximise exercise adaption, including elite athletes. However, there are ethical issues regarding the use of genetic tests, and further work is needed to provide evidence based guidelines for their use.Conclusion:There is considerable inter-individual variation in the adaptive response to exercise. Genetic assessments may provide an additional layer of information allowing personalization of training programmes to an individual’s unique biology.
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15
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Tobina T, Mori Y, Doi Y, Nakayama F, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 gene Gly482Ser polymorphism is associated with the response of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations to exercise training in elderly Japanese. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:595-602. [PMID: 27699582 PMCID: PMC10717479 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1)α gene expression is influenced by the Gly482Ser gene polymorphism, which is a candidate genetic risk factor for diabetes mellitus and obesity. This study investigated the effects of PGC-1 gene Gly482Ser polymorphisms on alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism induced by exercise training. A 12-week intervention study was performed for 119 participants who were more than 65 years of age and completed exercise training at lactate threshold intensity. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced in Gly/Gly but not in Gly/Ser and Ser/Ser participants after exercise. The Gly/Gly genotype of the PGC-1 gene Gly482Ser polymorphism influences the effects of moderate-intensity exercise training on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tobina
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Manabino1-1-1, Nagayo-cho, Nishisonogi-gun, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukari Mori
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Doi
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Commerce, Department of Tourism Industry, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuki Nakayama
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kiyonaga
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hangelbroek RWJ, Fazelzadeh P, Tieland M, Boekschoten MV, Hooiveld GJEJ, van Duynhoven JPM, Timmons JA, Verdijk LB, de Groot LCPGM, van Loon LJC, Müller M. Expression of protocadherin gamma in skeletal muscle tissue is associated with age and muscle weakness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:604-614. [PMID: 27239416 PMCID: PMC4863830 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle system plays an important role in the independence of older adults. In this study we examine differences in the skeletal muscle transcriptome between healthy young and older subjects and (pre-)frail older adults. Additionally, we examine the effect of resistance-type exercise training on the muscle transcriptome in healthy older subjects and (pre-)frail older adults. METHODS Baseline transcriptome profiles were measured in muscle biopsies collected from 53 young, 73 healthy older subjects, and 61 frail older subjects. Follow-up samples from these frail older subjects (31 samples) and healthy older subjects (41 samples) were collected after 6 months of progressive resistance-type exercise training. Frail older subjects trained twice per week and the healthy older subjects trained three times per week. RESULTS At baseline genes related to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism were differentially expressed between older and young subjects, as well as between healthy and frail older subjects. Three hundred seven genes were differentially expressed after training in both groups. Training affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix, glucose metabolism ,and vascularization. Expression of genes that were modulated by exercise training was indicative of muscle strength at baseline. Genes that strongly correlated with strength belonged to the protocadherin gamma gene cluster (r = -0.73). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest significant remaining plasticity of ageing skeletal muscle to adapt to resistance-type exercise training. Some age-related changes in skeletal muscle gene expression appear to be partially reversed by prolonged resistance-type exercise training. The protocadherin gamma gene cluster may be related to muscle denervation and re-innervation in ageing muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W J Hangelbroek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - John P M van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - Lex B Verdijk
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningen the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningenthe Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningen the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningen the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands; Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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17
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Loyola BM, Nascimento GC, Fernández RAR, Iyomasa DM, Pereira YCL, Leite-Panissi CRA, Issa JPM, Iyomasa MM. Chronic stress effects in contralateral medial pterygoid muscle of rats with occlusion alteration. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:369-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Pasquinelli A, Chico L, Pasquali L, Bisordi C, Lo Gerfo A, Fabbrini M, Petrozzi L, Marconi L, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. Gly482Ser PGC-1α Gene Polymorphism and Exercise-Related Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:102. [PMID: 27147974 PMCID: PMC4840260 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exercise in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis is controversial and unclear. Exercise induces a pleiotropic adaptive response in skeletal muscle, largely through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms. It has been suggested that a Gly482Ser substitution in PGC-1α has functional relevance in human disorders and in athletic performance. To test this hypothesis, we examined the genotype distribution of PGC-1α Gly482Ser (1444 G > A) in ALS patients to evaluate whether or not the minor serine-encoding allele 482Ser is involved in oxidative stress responses during physical exercise. We genotyped 197 sporadic ALS patients and 197 healthy controls in order to detect differences in allelic frequencies and genotype distribution between the two groups. A total of 74 ALS patients and 65 controls were then comparatively assessed for plasmatic levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers, advanced oxidation protein products, ferric reducing ability and thiol groups. In addition a subgroup of 35 ALS patients were also assessed for total SOD and catalase plasmatic activity. Finally in 28 ALS patients we evaluated the plasmatic curve of the oxidative stress biomarkers and lactate during an incremental exercise test. No significant differences were observed in the genotype distribution and allelic frequency in ALS patients compared to the controls. We found significant increased advanced oxidation protein products (p < 0.001) and significant decreased ferric reducing ability (p < 0.001) and thiol groups (p < 0.001) in ALS patients compared to controls. When comparing different genotypes of PGC-1α, no relation between Gly482Ser polymorphism and oxidative stress biomarker levels was detected in resting conditions. On the other hand, when considering exercise performance, lactate levels were significantly higher (between p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) and greater protein oxidative products were found in AA (Ser482Ser) compared to GG (Gly482Gly) and GA (Gly482Ser) ALS patients. Our findings highlight the importance and confirm the involvement of oxidative stress in ALS pathogenesis. Although not associated with 1444 G > A SNP, ALS patients with Gly482Ser allelic variant show increased exercise-related oxidative stress. This thus highlights the possible role of this antioxidant defense transcriptional coactivator in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Pasquinelli
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Chico
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia Pasquali
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Bisordi
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Fabbrini
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Marconi
- Departments of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Area, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
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Evaluation of a 7-Gene Genetic Profile for Athletic Endurance Phenotype in Ironman Championship Triathletes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145171. [PMID: 26716680 PMCID: PMC4696732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic profiling has been proposed for elite endurance performance, using an additive model determining the proportion of optimal alleles in endurance athletes. To investigate this model’s utility for elite triathletes, we genotyped seven polymorphisms previously associated with an endurance polygenic profile (ACE Ins/Del, ACTN3 Arg577Ter, AMPD1 Gln12Ter, CKMM 1170bp/985+185bp, HFE His63Asp, GDF8 Lys153Arg and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser) in a cohort of 196 elite athletes who participated in the 2008 Kona Ironman championship triathlon. Mean performance time (PT) was not significantly different in individual marker analysis. Age, sex, and continent of origin had a significant influence on PT and were adjusted for. Only the AMPD1 endurance-optimal Gln allele was found to be significantly associated with an improvement in PT (model p = 5.79 x 10−17, AMPD1 genotype p = 0.01). Individual genotypes were combined into a total genotype score (TGS); TGS distribution ranged from 28.6 to 92.9, concordant with prior studies in endurance athletes (mean±SD: 60.75±12.95). TGS distribution was shifted toward higher TGS in the top 10% of athletes, though the mean TGS was not significantly different (p = 0.164) and not significantly associated with PT even when adjusted for age, sex, and origin. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined that TGS alone could not significantly predict athlete finishing time with discriminating sensitivity and specificity for three outcomes (less than median PT, less than mean PT, or in the top 10%), though models with the age, sex, continent of origin, and either TGS or AMPD1 genotype could. These results suggest three things: that more sophisticated genetic models may be necessary to accurately predict athlete finishing time in endurance events; that non-genetic factors such as training are hugely influential and should be included in genetic analyses to prevent confounding; and that large collaborations may be necessary to obtain sufficient sample sizes for powerful and complex analyses of endurance performance.
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