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Brenner DR, Gillis J, Demers AA, Ellison LF, Billette JM, Zhang SX, Liu JL, Woods RR, Finley C, Fitzgerald N, Saint-Jacques N, Shack L, Turner D. Projection du fardeau du cancer au Canada en 2024. CMAJ 2024; 196:E836-E845. [PMID: 38955403 PMCID: PMC11230676 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240095-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
| | - Jennifer Gillis
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Alain A Demers
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Larry F Ellison
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Jean-Michel Billette
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Shary Xinyu Zhang
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - JiaQi Leon Liu
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Ryan R Woods
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Christian Finley
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Natalie Fitzgerald
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Donna Turner
- Départements d'oncologie et de sciences de la santé communautaire (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alb.; Surveillance, Société canadienne du cancer (Gillis), Vancouver, C.-B.; Centre de surveillance et de recherche appliquée (Demers), Agence de la santé publique du Canada; Centre des données sur la santé de la population (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistique Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, C.-B.; Département de chirurgie (Finley), Université McMaster, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance du système et analyses (Fitzgerald), Partenariat canadien contre le cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Programme de soins contre le cancer de Santé Nouvelle-Écosse (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, N.-É.; Analyses avancées du cancer (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alb.; Département des sciences de la santé communautaire (Turner), Collège de médecine Max Rady, Université du Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
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Brenner DR, Gillis J, Demers AA, Ellison LF, Billette JM, Zhang SX, Liu JL, Woods RR, Finley C, Fitzgerald N, Saint-Jacques N, Shack L, Turner D. Projected estimates of cancer in Canada in 2024. CMAJ 2024; 196:E615-E623. [PMID: 38740416 PMCID: PMC11090635 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer surveillance data are essential to help understand where gaps exist and progress is being made in cancer control. We sought to summarize the expected impact of cancer in Canada in 2024, with projections of new cancer cases and deaths from cancer by sex and province or territory for all ages combined. METHODS We obtained data on new cancer cases (i.e., incidence, 1984-2019) and deaths from cancer (i.e., mortality, 1984-2020) from the Canadian Cancer Registry and Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database, respectively. We projected cancer incidence and mortality counts and rates to 2024 for 23 types of cancer, overall, by sex, and by province or territory. We calculated age-standardized rates using data from the 2011 Canadian standard population. RESULTS In 2024, the number of new cancer cases and deaths from cancer are expected to reach 247 100 and 88 100, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) are projected to decrease slightly from previous years for both males and females, with higher rates among males (ASIR 562.2 per 100 000 and ASMR 209.6 per 100 000 among males; ASIR 495.9 per 100 000 and ASMR 152.8 per 100 000 among females). The ASIRs and ASMRs of several common cancers are projected to continue to decrease (i.e., lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer), while those of several others are projected to increase (i.e., liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, kidney cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). INTERPRETATION Although the overall incidence of cancer and associated mortality are declining, new cases and deaths in Canada are expected to increase in 2024, largely because of the growing and aging population. Efforts in prevention, screening, and treatment have reduced the impact of some cancers, but these short-term projections highlight the potential effect of cancer on people and health care systems in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
| | - Jennifer Gillis
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Alain A Demers
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Larry F Ellison
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Jean-Michel Billette
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Shary Xinyu Zhang
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - JiaQi Leon Liu
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Ryan R Woods
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Christian Finley
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Natalie Fitzgerald
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - Donna Turner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Surveillance, Canadian Cancer Society (Gillis), Vancouver, BC; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Liu), Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Population Oncology, BC Cancer (Woods), Vancouver, BC; Department of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University and St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; System Performance & Analytics (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Cancer Advanced Analytics (Shack), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta; Department of Community Health Sciences (Turner), Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute (Turner), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
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Schulz D, Koob I, Pickhard A, Schmid RM, Abdelhafez M. Risk factors for total laryngectomy associated proximal esophageal stricture formation in head and neck cancer patients. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:193-198. [PMID: 37758037 DOI: 10.1055/a-2150-2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of esophageal strictures is common after the total laryngectomy of head and neck cancer patients. While endoscopic techniques like dilatation by balloon or Salvary bougies are well established, risk factors and pathophysiology for development of refractory strictures are less well understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors associated with occurrence and recurrence of total-laryngectomy-associated esophageal strictures in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively a cohort of 170 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, who underwent total laryngectomy between 2007 and 2017. The outcome measure was laryngectomy-associated proximal esophageal stricture needing an endoscopic dilatation by using a balloon or Savary dilators. RESULTS Of the 170 patients in the cohort, 32 (18.8%) developed strictures. Mean time between surgery and first endoscopic intervention was 24.4 months. Significant predictive factors were age ≥ 65 (p=0.017), nodal status N> 1 (p=0.003), continued alcohol abuse after surgery (p=0.005) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.005). In a subgroup, 17 of 32 patients developed refractory strictures and needed more than three dilatations to relieve dysphagia. Postoperative mean (p=0.016) and maximum (p=0.015) C-reactive protein (CRP) were predictive for refractory strictures. CONCLUSION Symptomatic strictures occurred in 18.8% of the cases. Age, nodal status N>1, continued alcohol abuse and diabetes mellitus were predictive factors. For refractory stenosis (>3 dilatations needed) mean and maximum postoperative CRP were predictive. This may indicate that systemic inflammatory response post-surgery is involved in the stricture formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schulz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Isabelle Koob
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Anja Pickhard
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abdelhafez
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
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Lan R, Galieri AC, Catherine JH, Tardivo D. Oral cancer: Current status and public health perspectives. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2023; 35:93-105. [PMID: 38040651 DOI: 10.3917/spub.hs1.2023.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical and oncological treatments, the incidence and five-year survival rates (~50 percent) of oral cancers (OC) have not improved over the last decades and remain a major public health problem. Seventy percent are still diagnosed at a late stage (T3 or T4), with an average delay in diagnosis of two to five months. As the cure and survival of patients are directly related to the development stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the objective of this work was to analyze all the determinants related to oral cancer and to propose new clinical approaches for diagnosis and screening. A proposal for new models of screening, training, and concrete action to improve public awareness of the major global problem of OC is made. The strengths and weaknesses of OC screening studies need to be objectively understood to effectively guide and energize testing in primary care settings, with the prospect of using new and emerging technologies that can help improve the discriminatory accuracy of case detection. Most national organizations have not, to date, recommended population-based mass screening, due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence of associated mortality reduction. Where health care resources are high, opportunistic individual screening is recommended, although the low diagnostic capacity of front-line clinicians is alarming.
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Cao Y, Liu W, Gu D. A nomogram for predicting overall survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: a population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-07971-5. [PMID: 37071145 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma (SCCFOM) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates below 40% in published studies. However, the clinicopathological predictors of the prognosis of SCCFOM remain undefined. We aimed to establish a model to predict the survival outcomes of SCCFOM. METHODS We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with SCCFOM between 2000 and 2017. Data on patient demographics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were retrieved. Risk factors for OS were evaluated by survival and Cox regression analyses. A nomogram for OS was developed based on the multivariate model and split the patients into high- and low-risk cohorts based on cutoff values. RESULTS Overall, 2014 SCCFOM patients were included in this population-based study. Multivariate Cox regression showed that age, married status, grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery were significant risk factors for survival. A nomogram was established using the regression model. The C-indices, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration plots demonstrated the reliable performance of the nomogram. Patients assigned to the high-risk group had a significantly lower survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram predicting survival outcomes of SCCFOM patients based on clinical information showed good discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy. Our nomogram could be used to predict the survival probabilities for SCCFOM patients at different timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Cao
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dantong Gu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Clinical Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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Yang TH, Xirasagar S, Cheng YF, Chen CS, Chang WP, Lin HC. Trends in the incidence of head and neck cancer: A nationwide population-based study. Oral Oncol 2023; 140:106391. [PMID: 37030023 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the temporal trend in incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with a HNC were retrieved from the Taiwan's Health Insurance Database. We identified 16,894 patients aged ≥20 years who had received a first-time diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, sinonasal, salivary gland or thyroid gland between 2010 and 2018. We calculated the annual incidence rate per 100,000 population, overall, and classified by gender and cancer type. We also used the annual percent change (APC) to characterize trends in head and neck cancer rates over time. RESULTS The incidence rate showed a gradual decline during this period from 2010 to 2018 with an APC of -2.81% (p < 0.001). Within gender groups, the decline was not statistically significant among females (APC = -1.69, 95% CI = -3.58 ∼ 0.23, p = 0.080). Within cancer types, strikingly high magnitude and statistically significant declines were observed in respect of cancer of the nasopharynx (APC = -7.89%, 95% CI = -9.43%∼-6.31%, p < 0.001), sinonasal cancer (APC = -10.08%, 95% CI = -16.66%∼-2.99%, p = 0.012) and oropharyneal cancer (APC = -9.47%, 95% CI = -15.15%∼-3.42%, p = 0.013) over the study period. In contrast, there was a statistically significant increase in incidence on thyroid cancer over the study period with an APC of 4.75% (95% CI = -2.81%∼6.75%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HNCs in Taiwan are showing a decreasing trend, led by the upper respiratory and oropharyngeal cancers. However, there was a concurrent increasing trend of the incidence on thyroid cancer. These trends may be attributable to changing lifestyles and behavioral choices in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hann Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taiwan; Center of General Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sudha Xirasagar
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shyan Chen
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Economics, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Khadela A, Vyas B, Mansuri M, Sureja D, Bodiwala K. Impact of cetuximab plus cisplatin alone and cetuximab plus cisplatin and paclitaxel regimen on humanistic outcome in head and neck cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:1. [PMID: 36656444 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing rapidly, and the prognosis is poor in the advance stage. For the patient suffering from advance stage HNC, the improvement in quality of life and decrease mortality remain as the mainstay of treatment. The aim was to assess the change in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in recurrent or metastatic HNC patients receiving cetuximab plus cisplatin and cetuximab plus cisplatin-paclitaxel. METHODS It was a single-centric prospective-observational study. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the chemotherapy regimens they were prescribed. Patients in cohort 1 were prescribed with cetuximab and cisplatin and in cohort 2 were prescribed with cetuximab, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. The QALYs were the primary outcome of the study, and it was calculated using EQ-5D-5L instrument. Patients were followed until the completion of the therapy, i.e., six chemotherapy cycles. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS for descriptive and inferential analysis. RESULTS Amongst 175 patients screened, 100 patients were enrolled which further distributed in cohorts 1 and 2 equally. The mean QALYs were 0.016 and 0.017 at the time of diagnosis, i.e., before initiation of chemotherapy for patients in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. At every chemotherapy cycle, the QALYs were calculated. After the completion of six chemotherapy cycles, the mean QALYs were 0.029 and 0.032 for patients in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION The three-drug therapy consisting of cetuximab, cisplatin, and paclitaxel has shown significant improvement in patients' QALYs compared to two-drug regimens of cetuximab and cisplatin. Thus, if the therapy consisted of three-drug regimen is used instead of two-drug regimen, it will have a positive impact on humanistic outcome in recurrent or metastatic HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Bhavin Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mustakim Mansuri
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Dipen Sureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kunjan Bodiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
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Balakrishnan V, Ganapathy S, Veerasamy V, Duraisamy R, Sathiavakoo VA, Krishnamoorthy V, Lakshmanan V. Anticancer and antioxidant profiling effects of Nerolidol against DMBA induced oral experimental carcinogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23029. [PMID: 35243731 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the chemopreventive effects of Nerolidol (NER) on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBC) induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in male golden Syrian hamsters. In this study, oral squamous cell carcinoma was developed in the buccal pouch of an oral painted hamster with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times weekly for 12 weeks. To assess DMBA-induced hamster buccal tissue carcinogenesis, biochemical endpoints such as Phase I and II detoxification enzymes, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by-products, and renal function markers, as well as histopathological examinations, were used. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical studies of interleukin-6 were investigated to find the inflammatory link in the HBC carcinogenesis. In our results, DMBA alone exposed hamsters showed 100% tumor growth, altered levels of antioxidants, detoxification agents, LPO, and renal function identifiers as compared to the control hamsters. The outcome in present biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry studies has been found a reverse in NER-treated hamsters against the tumor. This study concluded that NER modulated the biochemical profiles (antioxidants, detoxification, LPO, and renal function markers) and inhibited tumor development in DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitheeswari Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sindhu Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vinothkumar Veerasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramachandhiran Duraisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vigil Anbiah Sathiavakoo
- Central Animal House, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Vennila Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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Trends of Ten Leading Causes of Death in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2021; 42:118-128. [PMID: 34806135 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An understanding of the leading causes of death in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) would be helpful to inform doctors, patients, and healthcare providers on disease management. This study aimed to comprehensively study the leading causes of death in these survivors. METHODS We investigated the trends of risk factors for major causes of death in patients with HNSCC. Causes of death in HNSCC were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. We characterized trends in the 5-year cumulative mortality as well as risk factors associated with the ten leading causes of death. RESULTS Among 48 297 deaths identified, the ten leading causes were as follows: HNSCC, heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia & influenza, accidents & adverse effects, esophagus cancer, chronic liver diseases, and septicemia. Non-HNSCC deaths surpassed HNSCC deaths 4 years after cancer diagnosis. There was a significant decline in the 5-year cumulative mortality from HNSCC, heart disease, lung cancer, COPD, cerebrovascular disease, and esophagus cancer. The risks of mortality from the ten leading causes varied with patient characteristics. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a useful picture of mortality patterns in HNSCC survivors, which might help when planning personalized HNSCC care.
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Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111204. [PMID: 34769724 PMCID: PMC8582646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), yet little data exist examining drinking patterns and HNC risk. In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, 11,737,467 subjects were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The risks of overall HNC and HNC subtypes according to average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, and daily amount were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Over the median follow-up of 6.4 years, 15,832 HNC cases were identified. HNC risk linearly increased with drinking frequency (p-trend < 0.01; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–1.67 in subjects who drank 7 days/week). HNC risk also increased according to daily amount of alcohol consumption (p-trend < 0.01), but plateaued from 5–7 units/occasion (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31) to >14 units/occasion (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.40). When stratified by average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, but not daily amount, showed a linear relationship with HNC risk in moderate and heavy drinkers. When comparing the HNC subtypes, similar tendencies were observed in cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, but not in the salivary gland. In conclusion, drinking frequency is a stronger risk factor for HNC, especially for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, than the daily amount of alcohol consumption.
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Alkan Ö, Abar H, Gençer Ö. Analysis of factors affecting alcohol and tobacco concurrent use by bivariate probit model in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30168-30175. [PMID: 33586099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and tobacco use are risky factors that are associated with one another. High alcohol and tobacco use are significant public health problems with social and economic costs and one of the leading causes of preventable death and disease. The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and economic factors on alcohol and tobacco concurrent use. In this study, a bivariate probit model was employed to determine the factors affecting alcohol and tobacco concurrent use among individuals aged 15 and above who were living in Turkey. The data used in this study was obtained from the Turkey Health Survey conducted in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data were gathered from a total of 77,327 individuals. Empirical findings suggest that factors affecting alcohol and tobacco use were simultaneous. Also, the results revealed that several key variables such as age, gender, educational status, marital status, household monthly income level, and survey year were significant determinants of alcohol and tobacco concurrent use. Psychosocial support is significant for only tobacco use. In the last decade, a number of restrictions aimed to combat alcohol and tobacco use have been associated with reducing the usage habits of individuals. This is the first study that simultaneously compared both alcohol use and tobacco use using a Turkish sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, 2nd Floor, No: 222, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hayri Abar
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Özge Gençer
- Project Coordination Implementation and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Yakutiye/Erzurum, Turkey
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Magnes T, Wagner S, Kiem D, Weiss L, Rinnerthaler G, Greil R, Melchardt T. Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4981. [PMID: 34067112 PMCID: PMC8125786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease arising from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite multimodality treatments approximately half of all patients with locally advanced disease relapse and the prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is dismal. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors improved the treatment options for these patients and pembrolizumab alone or in combination with a platinum and fluorouracil is now the standard of care for first-line therapy. However, approximately only one third of unselected patients respond to this combination and the response rate to checkpoint inhibitors alone is even lower. This shows that there is an urgent need to improve prognostication and prediction of treatment benefits in patients with HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the most relevant risk factors in the field and discuss their roles and limitations. The human papilloma virus (HPV) status for patients with oropharyngeal cancer and the combined positive score are the only biomarkers consistently used in clinical routine. Other factors, such as the tumor mutational burden and the immune microenvironment have been highly studied and are promising but need validation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Magnes
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Sandro Wagner
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Dominik Kiem
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Lukas Weiss
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (T.M.); (S.W.); (D.K.); (L.W.); (G.R.); (R.G.)
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Green Salad Intake Is Associated with Improved Oral Cancer Survival and Lower Soluble CD44 Levels. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020372. [PMID: 33530399 PMCID: PMC7911809 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with oral cancer (oral cavity and oropharyngeal). Salivary rinses contain measurable biomarkers including soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein, which are known markers of oral cancer risk. This study investigates the effect of nutritional factors on solCD44 and protein levels to evaluate oral cancer risk and survival. We evaluated solCD44 and protein levels from 150 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 150 frequency-matched controls. We subsequently characterized the effect of food group consumption and these biomarkers on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients reported eating fewer servings of salad (p = 0.015), while controls reported eating fewer servings of potatoes (p < 0.001). Oral cancer patients who consumed at least one serving per week of green salad were found to have significantly lower CD44 levels than those who ate salad less frequently (mean of log2[solCD44]1.73 versus 2.25, p = 0.014). Patients who consumed at least one serving per week of “salad or other vegetables” had significantly longer PFS (median 43.5 versus 9.1 months, p = 0.003, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39 p = 0.014) and OS (median 83.6 versus 10 months, p = 0.008, adjusted HR = 0.04 p = 0.029). These findings suggest that dietary factors, namely greater green salad and vegetable intake, may be associated with lower CD44 levels and better prognosis in oral cancer patients.
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Cui J, Wang D, Nie D, Liu W, Sun M, Pei F, Han F. Difference in tumor mutation burden between squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity and larynx. Oral Oncol 2021; 114:105142. [PMID: 33465682 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the difference in tumor mutation burden (TMB) between oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with OCSCC or LSCC were identified from datasets within The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations and clinical information were included in the analysis. A Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the association of TMB with the primary cancer sites. RESULTS We identified 5 datasets that included 396 OCSCC patients and 143 LSCC patients. Patients with LSCC had a significantly higher TMB than patients with OCSCC (crude risk ratio: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.70, P < 0.001; adjusted risk ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.49-0.66, P < 0.001).Subgroup analyses suggested that this difference was independent of dataset, age, sex, race, alcohol drinking, smoking status, pathological risk, tumor grade, and tumor stage. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this finding. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a significant difference in TMB between OCSCC and LSCC. Though preliminary, these findings might have implications for guiding the development of trials for examining the response of head and neck carcinomas to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Daguang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Deheng Nie
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Meiting Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Fengli Pei
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Ave, Changchun, China.
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15
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Ferenczi Ö, Major T, Akiyama H, Fröhlich G, Oberna F, Révész M, Poósz M, Polgár C, Takácsi-Nagy Z. Results of postoperative interstitial brachytherapy of resectable floor of mouth tumors. Brachytherapy 2020; 20:376-382. [PMID: 33250304 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the results of postoperative sole interstitial brachytherapy (BT) in patients with resectable floor of mouth tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between January 1998 and December 2017, 44 patients with squamous cell histology, stage T1-3N0-1M0 floor of mouth tumor were treated by excision of the primary lesion with or without neck dissection followed by sole high-dose-rate tumor bed BT with an average dose of 22.7 Gy (10-45 Gy) using rigid metal needles (n = 14; 32%) or flexible plastic catheters (n = 30; 68%). RESULTS During a median followup time of 122 months for surviving patients, the probability of 5- and 10-year local and regional tumor control, overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) was 89% and 89%, 73% and 67%, 52% and 32%, 66% and 54%, respectively. In univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion was a negative predictor of regional tumor control (p = 0.0062), DSS (p = 0.0056), and OS (p = 0.0325), whereas cervical recurrence was associated with worse DSS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p < 0.0001). The incidence of local Grade 1, 2, and 3 mucositis was 25%, 64%, and 11%, respectively. Grade 4 side effect, that is soft tissue necrosis occurred in four cases (9%). CONCLUSIONS Results of postoperative sole high-dose-rate BT of floor of mouth tumors are comparable with those reported with low-dose-rate BT, and this method could improve local tumor control and DSS compared with exclusive surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Örs Ferenczi
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Major
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hironori Akiyama
- Department of Oral Radiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Georgina Fröhlich
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Oberna
- Multidisciplinary Center of Head and Neck Tumours, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Révész
- Multidisciplinary Center of Head and Neck Tumours, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Poósz
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Polgár
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Abstract
AbstractHead-and-neck cancers pose a serious economic burden, with most countries investing significant resources to reduce the incidence, primarily focusing on understanding addictive etiologies. The traditional literature focused on tobacco and alcohol use, with few studies on contemporary factors such as e-cigarette, waterpipe smoking, and human papillomavirus. This article attempts to collate and present an update on the globally identified etiologic factors.The aim of this study was to identify and review the addictive etiologic factors causing head-and-neck cancers.An electronic search was performed on Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify the etiologies causing head-and-neck cancers and narrowed down on those driven by addiction. Further, we identified their constituents, mechanism of action, and the risks attributable to various forms of products.Substances identified included smoked and chewed tobacco, alcohol, mate, marijuana, areca nut and betel quid, and viruses. An alarming majority of youth are now utilizing these substances. Furthermore, migrant movements have led to the spread of traditional practices across the regions, especially from the Asian subcontinent.Ironically, despite modern advances and technology, we still see that a large proportion of population succumb to these cancers, emphasizing the need for more effective and targeted policies to combat this menace at the grassroots level.
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17
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Koyanagi YN, Suzuki E, Imoto I, Kasugai Y, Oze I, Ugai T, Iwase M, Usui Y, Kawakatsu Y, Sawabe M, Hirayama Y, Tanaka T, Abe T, Ito S, Komori K, Hanai N, Tajika M, Shimizu Y, Niwa Y, Ito H, Matsuo K. Across-Site Differences in the Mechanism of Alcohol-Induced Digestive Tract Carcinogenesis: An Evaluation by Mediation Analysis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1601-1610. [PMID: 32005715 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A genetic variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2 rs671, Glu504Lys) contributes to carcinogenesis after alcohol consumption. Somewhat conversely, the ALDH2 Lys allele also confers a protective effect against alcohol-induced carcinogenesis by decreasing alcohol consumption due to acetaldehyde-related adverse effects. Here, we applied a mediation analysis to five case-control studies for head and neck, esophageal, stomach, small intestine, and colorectal cancers, with 4,099 cases and 6,065 controls, and explored the potentially heterogeneous impact of alcohol drinking on digestive tract carcinogenesis by decomposing the total effect of the ALDH2 Lys allele on digestive tract cancer risk into the two opposing effects of the carcinogenic effect (direct effect) and the protective effect (indirect effect mediated by drinking behavior). Alcohol was associated with an increased risk of most digestive tract cancers, but significant direct effects were observed only for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer risk, and varied substantially by site, with ORs (95% confidence interval) of 1.83 (1.43-2.36) for head and neck cancer, 21.15 (9.11-49.12) for esophageal cancer, and 1.65 (1.38-1.96) for stomach cancer. In contrast, a significant protective indirect effect was observed on risk for all cancers, except small intestine cancer. These findings suggest that alcohol is a major risk factor for digestive tract cancers, but its impact as a surrogate for acetaldehyde exposure appears heterogeneous by site. Meanwhile, the behavior-related effect of the ALDH2 Lys allele results in a decreased risk of most digestive tract cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings support that genetic alcohol avoidance is a factor against alcohol-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Madoka Iwase
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Usui
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukino Kawakatsu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michi Sawabe
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirayama
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Komori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Niwa
- Department of Endoscopy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Economopoulou P, de Bree R, Kotsantis I, Psyrri A. Diagnostic Tumor Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the Clinical Setting. Front Oncol 2019; 9:827. [PMID: 31555588 PMCID: PMC6727245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a group of tumors arising in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. Although HNSCC is traditionally associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, a growing proportion of head and neck tumors, mainly of the oropharynx, are associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Recurrent/metastatic disease is characterized by dismal prognosis and there is an unmet need for the development of biomarkers for detection of early disease, accurate prediction of prognosis, and appropriate selection of therapy. Based on the REMARK guidelines, a variety of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are being evaluated in clinical trials but their clinical significance is doubtful. Herein, we will focus on biomarkers in HNSCC used in the clinical setting and we will illustrate their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Kotsantis
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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19
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Vlastarakos PV, Gkouvali A, Katsochi D. Attitudes and Parameters Affecting the Behavior Toward Precursor Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 98:E58-E63. [PMID: 31018688 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319840881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors with the response time from the appearance of symptoms potentially related to head and neck cancer (HNC) and gain an insight regarding the main source of health information about this specific area. Specific perceptions about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the head and neck area were also explored. An Internet-based survey was conducted between June 30, 2016, and July 31, 2016, using a structured questionnaire. The study sample comprised 1058 adults. A direct association was found between the response time period from the potential appearance of a mouth ulcer/soreness (P < .001), earache (P = .014), hoarseness (P < .001), or painless lump in the neck (P = .003) and alcohol consumption, as well as between smoking (P = .012) and soft-drink consumption (P < .001) and the appearance of hoarseness. Inverse association was found between age and the appearance of a mouth ulcer/soreness (P = .017) and between a person's educational level (P < .001) and yearly income (P = .006) and the appearance of an earache. A total of 79.1% of study participants seemed aware that oral sex represents the main mode of HPV transmission; this understanding was directly associated with a person's educational level (P < .001) and yearly income (P = .001) and inversely associated with alcohol consumption (P = .037). Health policy makers and health professionals need to devise strategies to increase the awareness of HNC risk associated with sexual behavior especially in young adults. The repressing effect of alcohol on timely patient response should be demonstrated in targeted campaigns, and the understanding of the "iceberg phenomenon," frequently associating even common head and neck symptoms with HNC, acknowledged in undergraduate and postgraduate physician training.
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20
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Gurmeet Singh A, Chaturvedi P. Smoking and other addictions related to cancer of the head and neck. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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21
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Osazuwa-Peters N, Adjei Boakye E, Chen BY, Tobo BB, Varvares MA. Association Between Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survival, Smoking at Diagnosis, and Marital Status. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 144:43-50. [PMID: 29121146 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance While the adverse association between smoking and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) survival has been well described, there are also inconclusive studies and those that report no significant changes in HNSCC survival and overall mortality due to smoking. There is also a lack of studies investigating the association of marital status on smoking status at diagnosis for patients with HNSCC. Objective To examine the association between patient smoking status at HNSCC diagnosis and survival and the association between marital status and smoking in these patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted by querying the Saint Louis University Hospital Tumor Registry for adults with a diagnosis of HNSCC and treated at the university academic medical center between 1997 and 2012; 463 confirmed cases were analyzed. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate association of survival with smoking status at diagnosis and covariates. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess whether marital status was associated with smoking at diagnosis adjusting for covariates. Results Of the 463 total patients (338 men, 125 women), 92 (19.9%) were aged 18 to 49 years; 233 (50.3%) were aged 50 to 65 years; and 138 (29.8%) were older than 65 years. Overall, 56.2% of patients were smokers at diagnosis (n = 260); 49.6% were married (n = 228); and the mortality rate was 54.9% (254 died). A majority of patients were white (81.0%; n = 375). Smokers at diagnosis were more likely to be younger (ie, <65 years), unmarried, and to drink alcohol. We found a statistically significant difference in median survival time between smokers (89 months; 95% CI, 65-123 months) and nonsmokers at diagnosis (208 months; 95% CI, 129-235 months). In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, patients who were smokers at diagnosis were almost twice as likely to die during the study period as nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.42-2.77). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, unmarried patients were 76% more likely to use tobacco than married patients (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.08-2.84). Conclusions and Relevance Smokers were almost twice as likely as nonsmokers to die during the study period. We also found that those who were married were less likely to be smokers at diagnosis. Our study suggests that individualized cancer care should incorporate social support and management of cancer risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Saint Louis University Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.,Department of Epidemiology, Saint Louis University College of Public Health and Social Justice, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Adjei Boakye
- Saint Louis University Center for Outcomes Research, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Betty Y Chen
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Betelihem B Tobo
- Department of Epidemiology, Saint Louis University College of Public Health and Social Justice, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark A Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Huang CC, Hsiao JR, Lee WT, Lee YC, Ou CY, Chang CC, Lu YC, Huang JS, Wong TY, Chen KC, Tsai ST, Fang SY, Wu JL, Wu YH, Hsueh WT, Yen CJ, Wu SY, Chang JY, Lin CL, Wang YH, Weng YL, Yang HC, Chen YS, Chang JS. Investigating the Association between Alcohol and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9701. [PMID: 28851901 PMCID: PMC5574999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is an established risk factor of head and neck cancer (HNC), insufficiencies exist in the literature in several aspects. We analyzed detailed alcohol consumption data (amount and type of alcoholic beverage) of 811 HNC patients and 940 controls to evaluate the association between alcohol and HNC by HNC sites and by genotypes of ADH1B and ALDH2. Alcohol was associated with an increased HNC risk in a dose-response relationship, with the highest risk observed for hypopharyngeal cancer, followed by oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Liquor showed a stronger positive association with HNC than beer and wine. The highest HNC risk occurred in individuals with the slow ADH1B and slow/non-functional ALDH2 genotype combination. In our study population, 21.8% of HNCs, 55.7% of oropharyngeal cancers, and 89.1% of hypopharyngeal cancers could be attributed to alcohol. Alcohol accounted for 47.3% of HNCs among individuals with the slow ADH1B and slow/non-functional ALDH2 genotype combination. The HNC risk associated with alcohol became comparable to that of never/occasional drinkers after ten or more years of cessation from regular alcohol drinking. In conclusion, alcohol use is associated with an increased HNC risk, particularly for individuals with slow ethanol metabolism. HNC incidence may be reduced by alcohol cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chi Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Shyun Huang
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yiu Wong
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sheen-Yie Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yin Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Wang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Weng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chien Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
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23
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Manavalan S, Getachew B, Manaye KF, Khundmiri SJ, Csoka AB, McKinley R, Tamas A, Reglodi D, Tizabi Y. PACAP Protects Against Ethanol and Nicotine Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells: Implications for Drinking-Smoking Co-morbidity. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:8-13. [PMID: 28342135 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of heavy drinking and smoking are multiplied when the two are combined. Treatment modalities for each and especially for the combination are very limited. Although in low concentration, alcohol and nicotine, each may have beneficial effects including neuroprotection, their combination, instead of providing additive protection, may actually lead to toxicity in cell cultures. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous 38 amino-acid peptide with demonstrated protection against neuronal injury, trauma as well as various endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PACAP may also protect against toxicity induced by high alcohol, high nicotine, or the combination of low alcohol and nicotine concentrations, and if so, whether this effect was mediated via PAC1 receptor. We used the neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells and applied various colorimetric assays for determination of cell viability or toxicity. Results indicate that PACAP blocks toxicity induced by high alcohol and high nicotine as well as their combination at low concentrations. The effects of PACAP in turn were blocked by the PACAP antagonist (PACAP 6-38), indicating involvement of the PACAP receptor PAC1 and possibly vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in PACAP's protection. Moreover, no combined toxicity of low alcohol and low nicotine could be detected in calcium-free medium. These findings suggest possible beneficial effects of PACAP in preventing alcohol and nicotine toxicity and that calcium contributes to the damage induced by combination of low alcohol and nicotine in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridharan Manavalan
- Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Pinellas Park, FL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Kebreten F Manaye
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raechel McKinley
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrea Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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Shen Z, Zhou C, Li J, Deng H, Li Q, Wang J. The association, clinicopathological significance, and diagnostic value of CDH1 promoter methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 23 studies. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6763-6773. [PMID: 27826202 PMCID: PMC5096767 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s117453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cadherin (encoded by the CDH1 gene) is a tumor suppressor glycoprotein that plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of human cancers. As previous studies regarding the association between CDH1 promoter methylation and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have yielded inconsistent conclusions, a meta-analysis was performed. A systematic literature review was undertaken from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Finally, a total of 23 studies (including 1,727 cases of HNSCC and 555 normal controls) were included in the present study. Our results showed that the frequency of CDH1 promoter methylation in HNSCC was statistically greater than in controls (odds ratio [OR] =5.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.36–10.51, P<0.001). In reported cases of HNSCC, CDH1 promoter methylation was statistically associated with tumor stage (OR =0.46, 95% CI: 0.27–0.78, P=0.004) and a history of alcohol consumption (OR =6.04, 95% CI: 2.41–15.14, P<0.001). Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the summary receiver operator characteristic for the included studies were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.4–0.61), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95), and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.70–0.78), respectively. In conclusion, our meta-analyses indicated that CDH1 promoter methylation was associated with HNSCC risk, and may be utilized as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Tong XJ, Tang ZG, Shan ZF, Guo XC. The anterolateral thigh flap for soft tissue reconstruction in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:213. [PMID: 27514796 PMCID: PMC4982402 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery remains the first choice of treatment for tongue cancer. Immediate reconstruction should be performed after wide resection of tumour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of lingual defects. Methods We report 39 consecutive oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent lingual reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap between 2009 and 2010. Results The width of the skin island was 4 to 5 cm and the length of the skin island was 6 to 8 cm in 31 patients with T2 tumour, while the width of the skin island was 5.5 to 6 cm and the length of the skin island was 9 to 12 cm in 8 patients with T3/4 tumours. The all flap survival rate was 97.5 % in our series. Conclusions We could obtain sufficient flap volume using the anterolateral thigh flap for tongue reconstruction. The single perforator-based anterolateral thigh flap is a good option for soft tissue reconstruction in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Juan Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhan-Gui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Shan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
The hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model is one of the most well-characterized animal tumor models used as a prelude to investigate multistage oral carcinogenesis and to assess the efficacy of chemointervention. Hamster buccal pouch carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) show extensive similarities to human oral squamous cell carcinomas. The HBP model offers a number of advantages including a simple and predictable tumor induction procedure, easy accessibility for examination and follow-up of lesions, and reproducibility. This model can be used to test both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jaganathan Kowshik
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mitochondrial complex I and III mRNA levels in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:160-3. [PMID: 26093828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that have focused on the mitochondrial electron transport chain indicate that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with pathology in mitochondrial function. These pathological processes occur in the brain circuits that regulate affective functions, emotions, and motor behaviors. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between mitochondrial complex dysfunction and BD. METHODS The BD group included 32 male patients diagnosed with first-episode manic BD. The control group included 35 sociodemographically matched healthy males. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was isolated from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients and control group, and the mRNA levels of the NDUFV1, NDUFV2, and NDUFS1 genes of mitochondrial complex I and the UQCR10 gene of mitochondrial complex III were investigated. RESULTS Significant differences were identified in complex I gene mRNA levels between the BD group (n = 32) and the control group (n = 35) for the following genes: NDUFV1 (P = 0.01), NDUFV2 (P < 0.01), and NDUFS1 (P = 0.02). The UQCR10 gene (complex III) mRNA level did not differ between the groups (P = 0.1). The mRNA levels of the four genes studied were lower at the 3-month follow-up; however, these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS All of the BD patients were in manic episodes; thus, we were unable to separately compare these levels with those during depressive and euthymic episodes. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA levels of all of the genes representing the subunits of mitochondrial complex I (NDUFV1, NDUFV2, and NDUFS1) were significantly higher in the present study's BD patients during manic episodes than in the controls. With the data obtained from further research, biomarkers that could be used for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuropsychiatric disorders may be discovered.
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