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Serdo DF. Insects' perception and behavioral responses to plant semiochemicals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17735. [PMID: 39035155 PMCID: PMC11260073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect-plant interactions are shaped by the exchange of chemical cues called semiochemicals, which play a vital role in communication between organisms. Plants release a variety of volatile organic compounds in response to environmental cues, such as herbivore attacks. These compounds play a crucial role in mediating the interactions between plants and insects. This review provides an in-depth analysis of plant semiochemicals, encompassing their classification, current understanding of extraction, identification, and characterization using various analytical techniques, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The article also delves into the manner in which insects perceive and respond to plant semiochemicals, as well as the impact of environmental factors on plant odor emission and insect orientation. Furthermore, it explores the underlying mechanisms by which insects perceive and interpret these chemical cues, and how this impacts their behavioral responses, including feeding habits, oviposition patterns, and mating behaviors. Additionally, the potential applications of plant semiochemicals in integrated pest management strategies are explored. This review provides insight into the intricate relationships between plants and insects mediated by semiochemicals, highlighting the significance of continued research in this field to better understand and leverage these interactions for effective pest control.
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Jones RT, Fagbohun IK, Spencer FI, Chen-Hussey V, Paris LA, Logan JG, Hiscox A. A review of Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae) and Musca domestica behavior and responses to chemical and visual cues. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:845-860. [PMID: 38795384 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Musca flies (Diptera: Muscidae) have been found culpable in the mechanical transmission of several infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and helminths, particularly in low-income settings in tropical regions. In large numbers, these flies can negatively impact the health of communities and their livestock through the transmission of pathogens. In some parts of the world, Musca sorbens is of particular importance because it has been linked with the transmission of trachoma, a leading cause of preventable and irreversible blindness or visual impairment caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, but the contribution these flies make to trachoma transmission has not been quantified and even less is known for other pathogens. Current tools for control and monitoring of house flies remain fairly rudimentary and have focused on the use of environmental management, insecticides, traps, and sticky papers. Given that the behaviors of flies are triggered by chemical cues from their environment, monitoring approaches may be improved by focusing on those activities that are associated with nuisance behaviors or with potential pathogen transmission, and there are opportunities to improve fly control by exploiting behaviors toward semiochemicals that act as attractants or repellents. We review current knowledge on the odor and visual cues that affect the behavior of M. sorbens and Musca domestica, with the aim of better understanding how these can be exploited to support disease monitoring and guide the development of more effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Ifeoluwa K Fagbohun
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
| | - Freya I Spencer
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
| | - Vanessa Chen-Hussey
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
| | - Laura A Paris
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Hiscox
- Arctech Innovation, The Cube, Londoneast-uk Business and Technical Park, Yew Tree Avenue, Dagenham, UK
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Cooperband MF, Murman KM. Spotted Lanternflies Respond to Natural Pheromone Lures for Mate-Finding and Oviposition. INSECTS 2024; 15:447. [PMID: 38921162 PMCID: PMC11203839 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Using semiochemicals collected from spotted lanternflies Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) (SLF) and deployed in the field with circle traps, we demonstrated that SLF responded to SLF pheromones: in particular, this was the case for males while seeking mates and for females while ovipositing. The attractants consisted of SLF body extract emitted from diffuser lures and SLF honeydew on burlap ribbons, collected from heavily infested locations. Traps with attractants were deployed in field sites with very light SLF infestations to avoid competing signals of pre-existing aggregations. The number of SLF equivalents emitted by each diffuser per trapping period was used in a dose-response analysis. Three trees per block received either (1) a control hexane lure and a clean ribbon, (2) a lure containing SLF extract and a clean ribbon, or (3) a lure containing SLF extract and a honeydew-laden ribbon. Ten blocks were sampled three times per week for twelve weeks. We found a significant positive dose-response by males to SLF body extract only in the presence of SLF honeydew, indicating a synergistic effect between honeydew volatiles and body volatiles. This dose-response occurred for five weeks after mating started, after which males no longer responded. Subsequently, females had a significant positive dose-response to SLF extract only in the presence of honeydew when oviposition was their primary activity, continuing for two weeks, suggesting that females may use pheromones to aggregate for oviposition. The extract in the absence of honeydew did not result in a positive dose-response, nor did the hexane control. These findings suggest that SLF respond synergistically to the combination of pheromones present in both SLF honeydew and SLF bodies. Thus, combining key components from both sources may aid the development of semiochemical lures for SLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F. Cooperband
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA—APHIS—PPQ, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA
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Dieng H, Satho T, Mohd Radzi NHSB, Abang F, A. Kassim NF, Zuharah WF, Hashim NA, Morales Vargas RE, Morales NP. Flower Mimics Roll Out Multicolored Carpets to Lure and Kill the House Fly. INSECTS 2021; 12:1097. [PMID: 34940185 PMCID: PMC8706000 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flowers and their spatial clustering are important parameters that mediate the foraging behavior and visitation rate of pollinating insects. Visual stimuli are crucial for triggering behavioral changes in the house fly, Musca domestica, which regularly visits plants for feeding and reproduction. The success of bait technology, which is the principal means of combatting flies, is adversely affected by reduced attractiveness and ineffective application techniques. Despite evidence that house flies have color vision capacity, respond to flowers, and exhibit color and pattern preference, the potential of artificial flowers as attractive factors has not been explored. The present study was performed to investigate whether artificial floral designs can lure and kill house flies. Starved wild house flies were presented with equal opportunities to acquire sugar meals, to which boric acid had been added as a toxin, from one flower arrangement (blue-dominated design, BDD; yellow-dominated design, YDD; or pink-dominated design, PDD), and a non-toxic white design (WDD). We also allowed house flies to forage within an enclosure containing two non-toxic floral designs (WDDs). The differences in mortality between the two environments with and without toxicant were examined. The survival rate of Musca domestica was extremely high when WDDs containing non-toxic sugar sources were the only feeding sites available. When given an option to forage in an environment containing a BDD and a WDD, house flies showed a high mortality rate (76%) compared to their counterparts maintained in the WDD environment (2%). When kept in an enclosure containing one YDD and a WDD, flies showed a mortality rate of 88%; however, no mortality occurred among flies confined to a compound with a WDD pair. When provided an even chance of foraging in an enclosure containing a mixed pair of floral arrangements (PDD and WDD) and another with two WDDs, flies showed a higher mortality rate (78%) in the first environment. However, the maximum survival rate (100%) was seen in the WDD environment. Exposure to YDD tended to result in a greater mortality rate than with the two other floral designs. Mortality gradually increased with time among flies exposed to tested artificial floral designs. The results presented here clearly indicated that artificial flower arrangements with a toxic sugar reward were strikingly attractive for house flies when their preferred color (white) was present. These observations offer novel possibilities for future development of flower mimic-based house fly control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamady Dieng
- Mosquito Research and Control Unit (MRCU), George Town KY1-1106, Cayman Islands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Tomomitsu Satho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | | | - Fatimah Abang
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; (N.H.S.B.M.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Nur Faeza A. Kassim
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (N.F.A.K.); (W.F.Z.)
| | - Wan Fatma Zuharah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (N.F.A.K.); (W.F.Z.)
| | - Nur Aida Hashim
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia;
| | | | - Noppawan P. Morales
- Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 10400, Thailand;
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Nève de Mévergnies T, Chailleux A, Detrain C. The African weaver ant has no negative impact on spiders in mango orchards of Senegal. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Nève de Mévergnies
- Biopass Cirad‐ISRA‐UCAD‐IRD Dakar Senegal
- Unit of Social Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Anaïs Chailleux
- Biopass Cirad‐ISRA‐UCAD‐IRD Dakar Senegal
- Cirad UPR HortSys Dakar Senegal
- Cirad Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Claire Detrain
- Unit of Social Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
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Abstract
AbstractReliance on broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapeutic agents to control hematophagous insect vectors, and their related diseases is threatened by increasing insecticide and drug resistance, respectively. Thus, development of novel, alternative, complementary and effective technologies for surveillance and control of such insects is strongly encouraged. Semiochemicals are increasingly developed for monitoring and intervention of insect crop pests, but this has not been adequately addressed for hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. This review provides an insight in the application of semiochemicals for control of hematophagous insects. Here, we provide specific information regarding the isolation and identification of semiochemical compounds, optimization approaches, detection, perception and discrimination by the insect olfactory system. Navigation of insects along wind-borne odor plumes is discussed and methods of odor application in field situations are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects and future challenges for the application of semiochemical-based tools with emphasis on mosquitoes. The acquired knowledge can guide development of more effective components of integrated vector management, safeguard against emerging resistance of insects to existing insecticides and reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases.
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Hung KY, McElfresh JS, Zou Y, Wayadande A, Gerry AC. Identification of Volatiles From Plants Infested With Honeydew-Producing Insects, and Attraction of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) to These Volatiles. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:667-676. [PMID: 31837224 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
House flies (Musca domestica L.) are mechanical vectors of food-borne pathogens including Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella spp., resulting in increased risk of diarrheal disease in areas where flies are abundant. Movement of house flies into food crops may be increased by the presence of honeydew-producing insects feeding on these crops. Using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile odors that elicited house fly antennal response were identified from naval orange (Osbeck) (Sapindales: Rutaceae) and Marsh grapefruit (Macfad.) (Sapindales: Rutaceae) leaves infested with whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and from whole faba (L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) bean plants infested with aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Volatiles identified included benzaldehyde, butyl hexanoate, β-caryophyllene, Δ3-carene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, myrcene, limonene, linalool, and naphthalene. This was followed by semifield bioassays of volatile blends and individual volatiles to determine house fly attraction to these volatiles. Although fly capture rates in the semifield setting were low, benzaldehyde and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were consistently attractive to house flies as individual compounds and as components of volatile blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Y Hung
- Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Indio, CA
| | - J Steven McElfresh
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Astri Wayadande
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Alec C Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA
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Berry ED, Wells JE, Durso LM, Friesen KM, Bono JL, Suslow TV. Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Pest Flies Captured in Leafy Greens Plots Grown Near a Beef Cattle Feedlot. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1300-1307. [PMID: 31310171 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Leafy greens are leading vehicles for Escherichia coli O157:H7 foodborne illness. Pest flies can harbor this pathogen and may disseminate it to produce. We determined the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7-positive flies in leafy greens planted up to 180 m from a cattle feedlot and assessed their relative risk to transmit this pathogen to leafy greens. The primary fly groups captured on sticky traps at the feedlot and leafy greens plots included house flies (Musca domestica L.), face flies (Musca autumnalis L.), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.), flesh flies (family Sarcophagidae), and blow flies (family Calliphoridae). E. coli O157:H7 carriage rates of house, face, flesh, and blow flies were similar (P > 0.05), ranging from 22.3 to 29.0 flies per 1,000 flies. In contrast, the carriage rate of stable flies was lower at 1.1 flies per 1,000 flies (P < 0.05). Differences in carriage rates are likely due to the uses of fresh bovine feces and manure by these different pest fly groups. E. coli O157:H7 carriage rates of total flies did not differ (P > 0.05) by distance (ranging from 0 to 180 m) from the feedlot. Most fly isolates were the same predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types found in feedlot surface manure and leafy greens, suggesting a possible role for flies in transmitting E. coli O157:H7 to the leafy greens. However, further research is needed to clarify this role and to determine set-back distances between cattle production facilities and produce crops that will reduce the risk for pathogen contamination by challenging mechanisms like flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Berry
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - James E Wells
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - Lisa M Durso
- 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Unit, 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Kristina M Friesen
- 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Unit, 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - James L Bono
- 1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933
| | - Trevor V Suslow
- 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Peach DAH, Gries R, Young N, Lakes R, Galloway E, Alamsetti SK, Ko E, Ly A, Gries G. Attraction of Female Aedes aegypti (L.) to Aphid Honeydew. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10020043. [PMID: 30717169 PMCID: PMC6409638 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant sugar is an essential dietary constituent for mosquitoes, and hemipteran honeydew is one of the many forms of plant sugar that is important to mosquitoes. Many insects rely on volatile honeydew semiochemicals to locate aphids or honeydew itself. Mosquitoes exploit volatile semiochemicals to locate sources of plant sugar but their attraction to honeydew has not previously been investigated. Here, we report the attraction of female yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, to honeydew odorants from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, feeding on fava bean, Vicia faba. We used solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to collect and analyze headspace odorants from the honeydew of A. pisum feeding on V. faba. An eight-component synthetic blend of these odorants and synthetic odorant blends of crude and sterile honeydew that we prepared according to literature data all attracted female A. aegypti. The synthetic blend containing microbial odor constituents proved more effective than the blend without these constituents. Our study provides the first evidence for anemotactic attraction of mosquitoes to honeydew and demonstrates a role for microbe-derived odorants in the attraction of mosquitoes to essential plant sugar resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A H Peach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Nathan Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Robyn Lakes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Erin Galloway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Santosh Kumar Alamsetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Elton Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Sobhy IS, Baets D, Goelen T, Herrera-Malaver B, Bosmans L, Van den Ende W, Verstrepen KJ, Wäckers F, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Sweet Scents: Nectar Specialist Yeasts Enhance Nectar Attraction of a Generalist Aphid Parasitoid Without Affecting Survival. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1009. [PMID: 30061909 PMCID: PMC6055026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is commonly inhabited by microorganisms, mostly yeasts and bacteria, which can have a strong impact on nectar chemistry and scent. Yet, little is known about the effects of nectar microbes on the behavior and survival of insects belonging to the third trophic level such as parasitoids. Here, we used five nectar-inhabiting yeast species to test the hypothesis that yeast species that almost solely occur in nectar, and therefore substantially rely on floral visitors for dispersal, produce volatile compounds that enhance insect attraction without compromising insect life history parameters, such as survival. Experiments were performed using two nectar specialist yeasts (Metschnikowia gruessii and M. reukaufii) and three generalist species (Aureobasidium pullulans, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and Sporobolomyces roseus). Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included as a reference yeast. We compared olfactory responses of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) when exposed to these microorganisms inoculated in synthetic nectar. Nectar-inhabiting yeasts had a significant impact on nectar chemistry and produced distinct volatile blends, some of which were attractive, while others were neutral or repellent. Among the different yeast species tested, the nectar specialists M. gruessii and M. reukaufii were the only species that produced a highly attractive nectar to parasitoid females, which simultaneously had no adverse effects on longevity and survival of adults. By contrast, parasitoids that fed on nectars fermented with the reference strain, A. pullulans, H. uvarum or S. roseus showed shortest longevity and lowest survival. Additionally, nectars fermented by A. pullulans or S. roseus were consumed significantly less, suggesting a lack of important nutrients or undesirable changes in the nectar chemical profiles. Altogether our results indicate that nectar-inhabiting yeasts play an important, but so far largely overlooked, role in plant-insect interactions by modulating the chemical composition of nectar, and may have important ecological consequences for plant pollination and biological control of herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam S. Sobhy
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dieter Baets
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Tim Goelen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Herrera-Malaver
- VIB Lab for Systems Biology and Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics Lab for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Bosmans
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- VIB Lab for Systems Biology and Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics Lab for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conversation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
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Fisher ML, Fowler FE, Denning SS, Watson DW. Survival of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) on Truvia and Other Sweeteners. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:999-1005. [PMID: 28399265 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a disease vector of mechanically transmitted pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. Opportunities for pathogen transmission can increase as fly longevity increases. Dietary preferences play an important role in insect longevity; therefore, we investigated house fly preferences, sucrose availability, and caloric constraints on house fly longevity. Experimental goals were: 1) to test the effects of calorie restriction on survival of house flies by manipulating concentrations of erythritol (low caloric content) and sucrose (high caloric content), and comparing commercial sweeteners of differing calorie content, 2) to identify house fly preferences for either erythritol or sucrose, and 3) to evaluate the insecticidal activity or toxicity of erythritol on house flies. Our data show that house flies may prefer high calorie options when given a choice and that house fly longevity likely increases as calorie content increases. Additionally, no significant differences in longevity were observed between the water only control (zero calories) and erythritol treatments. This suggests that decreased survival rates and death could be the result of starvation rather than insecticidal activity. This research furthers our understanding of house fly survival and sugar-feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Fisher
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Laboratories, 3200 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695
- United States Navy Medical Service Corps, Navy Operational Support Center Raleigh 2725 Western Blvd Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Fallon E Fowler
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Laboratories, 3200 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Steven S Denning
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Laboratories, 3200 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Grinnells Laboratories, 3200 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695
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Nazari M, Mehrabi T, Hosseini SM, Alikhani MY. Bacterial Contamination of Adult House Flies ( Musca domestica) and Sensitivity of these Bacteria to Various Antibiotics, Captured from Hamadan City, Iran. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC04-DC07. [PMID: 28571138 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23939.9720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION House flies (Musca domestica) have been known as a mechanical vector in spreading infectious diseases such as cholera, shigellosis, salmonellosis and skin infections. AIM To investigate the bacterial contaminations of house flies and determine the resistance of these bacteria against various antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analytical descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted. The study was performed from July to September 2015 in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. A total number of 300 house flies were collected from four places, 75 flies from each place, including two educational hospitals belonging to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, a fruit and vegetables center, and a livestock slaughter. The body surface of house flies was washed using the physiological sterile serum and the obtained solution was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for five minutes. The identification of bacteria was carried out using the phenotypic methods. The resistance of bacteria against various antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion approach. Data were analysed by the employment of SPSS software package version 20.0. RESULTS A total number of 394 bacterial strains were isolated from 275 house flies. The most prevalent type of bacteria was Bacillus spp which was detected in 31.1% of house flies. Moreover, Staphylococcusspp. (22.9%), Escherichiacoli (11.6%) were other prevalent species, whereas, Enterococcusspp. was the least prevalent type of bacteria in the collected house flies. In terms of resistance to antibiotics, it was identified that bacteria extracted from house flies which were collected from hospital environments were more resistant to antibiotics compared with the resistance of bacteria extracted from house flies which were collected from non hospital environments. The maximum bacterial isolation was found in houseflies from hospital No.1 environment from around the accumulation of garbage. CONCLUSION It is a well-known fact that house flies are a source of bacterial contamination and can act as a mechanical carrier and cause bacterial diseases. It can be postulated that house flies play a major role in spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, the flies from hospital environments were more contaminated, mainly because the people referring to health center are normally ill and carrier of many pathogens. Further, hospital environments should be controlled using administrative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Nazari
- Professor, Department of Medical Entomology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mehrabi
- M.Sc Student, Department of Medical Entomology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Hosseini
- Ph.D Student, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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