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Huang Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Huo L, Yan H, Lin Z, Chen Z, Cai J, Wu J, Yuan J, Guan H, Wu G, Wu W, Tao T. LincRNA01703 Facilitates CD81 + Exosome Secretion to Inhibit Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis via the Rab27a/SYTL1/CD81 Complex. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5781. [PMID: 38136327 PMCID: PMC10742068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, frequently occurs early in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the aggressive metastatic behavior of LUAD remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present compelling evidence indicating that the long noncoding RNA linc01703 is significantly downregulated in metastatic lung cancer cells. Intriguingly, in vivo experiments revealed that Linc01703 exerted a profound inhibitory effect on lung cancer metastasis without discernible impact on the in vitro proliferation or invasion capacities of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, Linc01703 enhanced the interaction between Rab27a, SYTL1, and CD81, consequently promoting the secretion of CD81+ exosomes. These exosomes, in turn, suppressed the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, thereby impeding LUAD metastasis. Importantly, our analysis of lung cancer tissues revealed a correlation between reduced CD81 expression and an unfavorable patient prognosis. Collectively, our findings suggest that Linc01703 functions as a metastasis suppressor by facilitating the secretion of CD81+ exosomes through the formation of the Rab27a/SYTL1/CD81 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shan Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Liyun Huo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhanwen Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zishuo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Junchao Cai
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guoyong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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2
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Alnuaimi AR, Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Ranade AV, Pintus G, Hamad M, Busch H, Kirfel J, Hamoudi R, Abdel-Rahman WM. Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer: A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1637-1653. [PMID: 36187394 PMCID: PMC9516648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon (CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD (l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya R Alnuaimi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Yuan H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Wei R, Zhu L, Wang J, Ding M, Wang M, Gu Y. SHP-2 Interacts with CD81 and Regulates the Malignant Evolution of Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13273-13284. [PMID: 33380834 PMCID: PMC7767705 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. This project verified the negative role of protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) in the regulation of colon cancer and further clarified the key targets and molecular mechanisms in the regulation process. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression levels of SHP-2 in colon cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, normal colon cell lines, and cancer cell lines were detected via Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of SHP-2 on colon cancer cell function was verified using cell proliferation, Transwell, scratch, and apoptotic assays. CD81 was identified as the interaction protein of SHP-2 by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of SHP-2 was decreased in colorectal cancer compared with that in adjacent tissues. This expression was also decreased in colon cancer cells compared with that in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, the tumor tissues of patients with metastatic colon cancer exhibited downregulated expression of SHP-2 compared with those of patients with non-metastatic colon cancer. Cell proliferation, Transwell, scratch, and apoptotic assay showed that the overexpression of SHP-2 inhibited proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis of colon cancer cell lines and promoted apoptosis. CO-IP proved that SHP-2 could interact with CD81 and inhibit the function of CD81. Recovery experiments confirmed that the overexpression of CD81 reversed the anti-cancer effect of SHP-2. CONCLUSION Overexpression of SHP-2 inhibited malignant progression of colon cancer. Mechanism experiments showed that the anti-cancer effect of SHP-2 was realized through the interaction with CD81. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of SHP-2 regulation in colon cancer and provided guidance for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Gulou Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfu Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangxue Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Ding
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
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Silva TA, Azevedo H. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of prognostic and differentially expressed genes in non-muscle and muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Proteomics 2020; 229:103951. [PMID: 32860965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is classified into non-muscle (NMIBC) and muscle invasive (MIBC) diseases. Several molecular alterations were previously associated with NMIBC and MIBC, but few studies have systematically compared the molecular differences between these subtypes. Here, we analyzed prognostic and differentially expressed genes in NMIBC and MIBC, using an integrative bioinformatics approach. These genes were used in functional enrichment and co-expression protein interaction (COPI) network analyses to reveal common and exclusive biological functions involved in NMIBC and MIBC. In NMIBC, the enriched functions were related to oxidative stress response, cell cycle, glutathione metabolism, ubiquitination and protein translation. Conversely, enriched functions in MIBC were extracellular matrix organization, cell migration and actin cytoskeleton. Several genes in NMIBC did not overlap with those reported to MIBC, suggesting these subtypes may have distinct underlying mechanisms. Particularly, MIBC genes were enriched for functions involved in cell migration and invasion, which could help to molecularly differentiate NMIBC and MIBC. The analysis of COPI networks disclosed high centrality nodes that may be essential for NMIBC and MIBC. Further research will determine to which extent NMIBC and MIBC share common biological functions and identify potential candidates for the differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of NMIBC and MIBC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study has systematically compared prognostic and differentially expressed genes between non-muscle (NMIBC) and muscle invasive (MIBC) bladder cancer, using an integrative bioinformatics approach. Many genes and biological functions were exclusively associated with either NMIBC or MIBC, suggesting that these disease subtypes could be driven by distinct molecular mechanisms. Particularly, prognostic and differentially expressed genes in MIBC were involved in cell migration and invasion, which can help to molecularly differentiate the NMIBC and MIBC subtypes. Moreover, the analysis of co-expression protein interaction networks identified high centrality nodes that could be potential candidates for the prognosis and treatment of NMIBC and MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Aparecido Silva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Ednersson SB, Stern M, Fagman H, Nilsson-Ehle H, Hasselblom S, Andersson PO. TBLR1 and CREBBP as potential novel prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2595-2604. [PMID: 32546039 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1775216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified prognostic mutational clusters for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, both within and outside the original cell-of-origin (COO) classification. For many of these mutations, there is limited information regarding the corresponding protein expression. With the aim to determine the relationship of protein expression and intensity to COO and prognosis, we used digital image analysis to quantitate immunohistochemical staining of CREBBP, IRF8, EZH2, and TBLR1 in 209 DLBCL patients. We found that patients with strong nuclear expression of TBLR1 had inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in univariable analysis and inferior PFS in multivariable analysis. Patients with higher proportion of intermediate to strong nuclear CREBBP expression had a worse PFS and OS in univariable analysis. CREBBP was expressed with stronger intensity in non-GCB patients and the prognostic impact was restricted to this subgroup. These findings suggest that high nuclear protein expression of TBLR1 and CREBBP is negatively associated with prognosis in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bram Ednersson
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mimmie Stern
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, South Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden.,Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Herman Nilsson-Ehle
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sverker Hasselblom
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Research, Development & Education, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, South Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden.,Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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TSPAN8 as a Novel Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer for Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030388. [PMID: 32138170 PMCID: PMC7175299 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily that forms TSPAN8-mediated protein complexes by interacting with themselves and other various cellular signaling molecules. These protein complexes help build tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) that efficiently mediate intracellular signal transduction. In physiological conditions, TSPAN8 plays a vital role in the regulation of biological functions, including leukocyte trafficking, angiogenesis and wound repair. Recently, reports have increasingly shown the functional role and clinical relevance of TSPAN8 overexpression in the progression and metastasis of several cancers. In this review, we will highlight the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TSPAN8 in normal and cancer cells. Additionally, we will cover the current status of monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting TSPAN8 and the importance of TSPAN8 as an emerging therapeutic target in cancers for monoclonal antibody therapy.
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7
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Park HS, Lee S, Lee J, Shin HB, Yoo SM, Lee MS, Park J. Suppression of CD81 promotes bladder cancer cell invasion through increased matrix metalloproteinase expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:396-404. [PMID: 31501803 PMCID: PMC6722400 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose CD81 is a prognostic biomarker for high-grade bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to determine the functional mechanisms underlying the role of CD81 in BC progression. Materials and Methods In two invasive BC cell lines (T24, J82), CD81 expression was suppressed by the transfection of lentiviral vectors including CD81-specific shRNAs, and then the migration and invasion of BC cells was analyzed. Enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also analyzed by collagen-zymography. The expression of MMPs was confirmed by western blotting using culture supernatants from each cell line. Signaling pathways related to MMPs were investigated using various antibodies. Results CD81 was successfully knocked down by shRNAs in T24 and J82 cell lines. While the migration of BC cells was not affected after the knockdown of CD81, the invasive activity was significantly increased in both cell lines. Zymography produced distinct bands using supernatants from CD81-knockdown cells, whereas only faint bands were observed with empty vector-transfected cells. We also observed an increased expression of MMPs, specifically MMP2 and 9, in the conditioned media from CD81-knockdown cells by western blotting. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was associated with the invasive activity of BC cells, while U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) reduced the invasive activity of CD81-knockdown BC cells. Conclusions Taken together, CD81 suppression promotes the invasive property of BC cells through MMP signaling via ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the regulation of CD81 expression may have some therapeutic potential in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suhyuk Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Bin Shin
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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8
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Xu C, Tang HW, Hung RJ, Hu Y, Ni X, Housden BE, Perrimon N. The Septate Junction Protein Tsp2A Restricts Intestinal Stem Cell Activity via Endocytic Regulation of aPKC and Hippo Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 26:670-688.e6. [PMID: 30650359 PMCID: PMC6394833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling and the activity of its transcriptional coactivator, Yorkie (Yki), are conserved and crucial regulators of tissue homeostasis. In the Drosophila midgut, after tissue damage, Yki activity increases to stimulate stem cell proliferation, but how Yki activity is turned off once the tissue is repaired is unknown. From an RNAi screen, we identified the septate junction (SJ) protein tetraspanin 2A (Tsp2A) as a tumor suppressor. Tsp2A undergoes internalization to facilitate the endocytic degradation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), a negative regulator of Hippo signaling. In the Drosophila midgut epithelium, adherens junctions (AJs) and SJs are prominent in intestinal stem cells or enteroblasts (ISCs or EBs) and enterocytes (ECs), respectively. We show that when ISCs differentiate toward ECs, Tsp2A is produced, participates in SJ assembly, and turns off aPKC and Yki-JAK-Stat activity. Altogether, our study uncovers a mechanism allowing the midgut to restore Hippo signaling and restrict proliferation once tissue repair is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwei Xu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Tang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaochun Ni
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin E Housden
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Langevin SM, Kuhnell D, Orr-Asman MA, Biesiada J, Zhang X, Medvedovic M, Thomas HE. Balancing yield, purity and practicality: a modified differential ultracentrifugation protocol for efficient isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human serum. RNA Biol 2019; 16:5-12. [PMID: 30604646 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1564465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultracentrifugation remains the gold standard for isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEV), particularly for cancer applications. The objective of this study was to determine if a widely used ultracentrifugation protocol for isolation of serum sEV could be modified to reduce the number of ultracentrifugation cycles and increase efficiency, while maintaining equal or better sample purity and yield. Serum was obtained from two healthy subjects. sEVs were isolated from 1 mL aliquots using three different ultracentrifugation protocols. Co-isolation of RNA carrier protein was assessed by performing Western blots for ApoA-I, ApoB, and Ago2. Small RNA-sequencing was performed on the sEV isolates, and differential detection of small ncRNA was compared across isolation protocols. Reduction from three- to two-ultracentrifuge cycles with no sucrose cushion resulted in a much higher sEV yield but also had the highest levels of lipoprotein and Ago2 contamination. However, the two-ultracentrifugation cycle protocol that incorporated a 30% sucrose cushion into the first cycle resulted in slightly higher sEV yields with lower levels of protein contamination compared to the lengthier three-ultracentrifugation cycle approach, therefore presenting a more efficient alternative approach for isolation of serum sEVs. It was also notable that there were some differences in sEV ncRNA cargo according to protocol, although it was less than expected given the differences in co-isolated RNA carrier proteins. Our results suggest that use of the modified serum sEV isolation protocol with two ultracentrifugation cycles and incorporating a 30% sucrose cushion offers a more efficient approach in terms of efficiency and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- a Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- a Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Melissa A Orr-Asman
- c Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- d Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- b Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,e Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- b Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,d Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Hala Elnakat Thomas
- b Cincinnati Cancer Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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10
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Prostate cancer sheds the αvβ3 integrin in vivo through exosomes. Matrix Biol 2018; 77:41-57. [PMID: 30098419 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The αvβ3 integrin has been shown to promote aggressive phenotypes in many types of cancers, including prostate cancer. We show that GFP-labeled αvβ3 derived from cancer cells circulates in the blood and is detected in distant lesions in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. We, therefore, hypothesized that αvβ3 travels through exosomes and tested its levels in pools of vesicles, which we designate extracellular vesicles highly enriched in exosomes (ExVs), and in exosomes isolated from the plasma of prostate cancer patients. Here, we show that the αvβ3 integrin is found in patient blood exosomes purified by sucrose or iodixanol density gradients. In addition, we provide evidence that the αvβ3 integrin is transferred through ExVs isolated from prostate cancer patient plasma to β3-negative recipient cells. We also demonstrate the intracellular localization of β3-GFP transferred via cancer cell-derived ExVs. We show that the ExVs present in plasma from prostate cancer patients contain higher levels of αvβ3 and CD9 as compared to plasma ExVs from age-matched subjects who are not affected by cancer. Furthermore, using PSMA antibody-bead mediated immunocapture, we show that the αvβ3 integrin is expressed in a subset of exosomes characterized by PSMA, CD9, CD63, and an epithelial-specific marker, Trop-2. Finally, we present evidence that the levels of αvβ3, CD63, and CD9 remain unaltered in ExVs isolated from the blood of prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide. Our results suggest that detecting exosomal αvβ3 integrin in prostate cancer patients could be a clinically useful and non-invasive biomarker to follow prostate cancer progression. Moreover, the ability of αvβ3 integrin to be transferred from ExVs to recipient cells provides a strong rationale for further investigating the role of αvβ3 integrin in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Lee JR, Appelmann I, Miething C, Shultz TO, Ruderman D, Kim D, Mallick P, Lowe SW, Wang SX. Longitudinal Multiplexed Measurement of Quantitative Proteomic Signatures in Mouse Lymphoma Models Using Magneto-Nanosensors. Theranostics 2018; 8:1389-1398. [PMID: 29507628 PMCID: PMC5835944 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer proteomics is the manifestation of relevant biological processes in cancer development. Thus, it reflects the activities of tumor cells, host-tumor interactions, and systemic responses to cancer therapy. To understand the causal effects of tumorigenesis or therapeutic intervention, longitudinal studies are greatly needed. However, most of the conventional mouse experiments are unlikely to accommodate frequent collection of serum samples with a large enough volume for multiple protein assays towards single-object analysis. Here, we present a technique based on magneto-nanosensors to longitudinally monitor the protein profiles in individual mice of lymphoma models using a small volume of a sample for multiplex assays. Methods: Drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines were used to develop the mouse models that render different outcomes upon the drug treatment. Two groups of mice were inoculated with each cell line, and treated with either cyclophosphamide or vehicle solution. Serum samples taken longitudinally from each mouse in the groups were measured with 6-plex magneto-nanosensor cytokine assays. To find the origin of IL-6, experiments were performed using IL-6 knock-out mice. Results: The differences in serum IL-6 and GCSF levels between the drug-treated and untreated groups were revealed by the magneto-nanosensor measurement on individual mice. Using the multiplex assays and mouse models, we found that IL-6 is secreted by the host in the presence of tumor cells upon the drug treatment. Conclusion: The multiplex magneto-nanosensor assays enable longitudinal proteomic studies on mouse tumor models to understand tumor development and therapy mechanisms more precisely within a single biological object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iris Appelmann
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Miething
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tyler O. Shultz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel Ruderman
- Ellison Institute of Transformative Medicine of USC, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of heat shock protein 27 in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7961-7974. [PMID: 29487706 PMCID: PMC5814273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is highly expressed in many cancers, and its prognostic and predictive value has been reported. HSP27 knockdown using siRNA or OGX-427 (an anti-sense oligonucleotide sequence targeting HSP27) is reported to have anti-cancer effects and to enhance chemosensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the clinical significance of HSP27 in bladder cancer (BC). Furthermore, long-term suppression of HSP27 has not been investigated in BC. In this study, we investigated the association between HSP27 expression and BC characteristics in 132 BC patient samples, as well as its prognostic value to determine the potential of HSP27 as a clinical biomarker. Additionally, we applied five different shRNAs targeting HSP27 in three invasive BC cell lines to analyze the long-term knockdown effects of HSP27. Our study revealed a significant association between HSP27 expression and adverse pathological characteristics such as high-stage and -grade BC. However, HSP27 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes such as tumor recurrence, progression, and patient survival. Interestingly, although our shRNAs had obvious knockdown effects on HSP27 in BC cells, we did not find consistent effects on apoptosis of BC cells or chemotherapeutic sensitivity of BC cells to cisplatin. Therefore, although HSP27 may be a predictor of adverse pathological characteristics in BC, its role as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target seems to be limited.
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13
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CD81 as a tumor target. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:531-535. [PMID: 28408492 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD81 participates in a variety of important cellular processes such as membrane organization, protein trafficking, cellular fusion and cell-cell interactions. In the immune system, CD81 regulates immune synapse, receptor clustering and signaling; it also mediates adaptive and innate immune suppression. CD81 is a gateway in hepatocytes for pathogens such as hepatitis C virus and Plasmodium; it also confers susceptibility to Listeria infection. These diverse biological roles are due to the tendency of CD81 to associate with other tetraspanins and with cell-specific partner proteins, which provide the cells with a signaling platform. CD81 has also been shown to regulate cell migration and invasion, and has therefore been implicated in cancer progression. Indeed, we have recently shown that CD81 contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. CD81 is expressed in most types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, melanoma, brain cancer and lymphoma, and the overexpression or down-regulation of this molecule has been correlated with either good or bad prognosis. Here, we discuss the role of CD81 in cancer and its potential therapeutic use as a tumor target.
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14
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Tspan2: a tetraspanin protein involved in oligodendrogenesis and cancer metastasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:465-475. [PMID: 28408487 PMCID: PMC5390497 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2) is one of the less well-characterised members of the tetraspanin superfamily, and its precise function in different human tissue types remains to be explored. Initial studies have highlighted its possible association in neuroinflammation and carcinogenesis. In the central nervous system, Tspan2 may contribute to the early stages of the oligodendrocyte differentiation into myelin-forming glia. Furthermore, in human lung cancer, Tspan2 could be involved in the progression of the tumour metastasis by modulating cancer cell motility and invasion functions. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for the potential role of Tspan2 and introduce possible strategies for disease targeting.
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15
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Borrebaeck CAK. Precision diagnostics: moving towards protein biomarker signatures of clinical utility in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:199-204. [PMID: 28154374 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in precision diagnostics has been fuelled by the concept that early detection of cancer would benefit patients; that is, if detected early, more tumours should be resectable and treatment more efficacious. Serum contains massive amounts of potentially diagnostic information, and affinity proteomics has risen as an accurate approach to decipher this, to generate actionable information that should result in more precise and evidence-based options to manage cancer. To achieve this, we need to move from single to multiplex biomarkers, a so-called signature, that can provide significantly increased diagnostic accuracy. This Opinion article focuses on the progress being made in identifying protein biomarker signatures of clinical utility, using blood-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A K Borrebaeck
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health Translational Cancer Center, Medicon Village (Bldg 406), Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Lee MS, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim WT, Kim WJ, Ahn H, Park J. Overexpression of caldesmon is associated with tumor progression in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40370-84. [PMID: 26430961 PMCID: PMC4741901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and function of caldesmon (CAD) in urothelial bladder carcinoma (BC) have not been reported. Here, we investigated the expression, prognostic value, and potential functional mechanism of CAD in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Protein profiling of tissue samples using antibody microarrays showed significantly higher CAD expression in muscle-invasive BC tissues compared with NMIBC tissues. We then validated the CAD expression in BC cells by immunohistochemistry analysis using paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and western blots using BC cell lines. In addition, we examined the expression of CAD variants by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed the expression of low-molecular-weight isoforms (L-CAD), specifically encoded by WI-38 L-CAD II (transcript variant 2), in BC cells. Survival analysis in an independent primary NMIBC cohort comprising 132 patients showed that positive CAD expression was significantly associated with poorer prognosis than no CAD expression with regard to recurrence- and progression-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Multivariate analyses further indicated that positive CAD expression was an independent predictor of progression-free survival (p = 0.032; HR = 5.983). Data obtained from in vitro silencing and overexpression studies indicated that L-CAD promotes migration and invasiveness of BC cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed dramatic structural changes in the actin cytoskeleton of BC cells after L-CAD overexpression. Our findings collectively suggest that L-CAD overexpression in primary NMIBC is significantly associated with tumor progression and that a possible mechanism for L-CAD's activity is implicated in increased cell motility and invasive characteristics through morphological changes in BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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17
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Bhat S, Mallya S, Varghese VK, Jayaram P, Chakrabarty S, Joshi KS, Nesari TM, Satyamoorthy K. DNA methylation detection at single base resolution using targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing and cross validation using capillary sequencing. Gene 2016; 594:259-267. [PMID: 27637516 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With a purpose of accurate and simultaneous determination of DNA methylation from multiple loci in multiple samples, here, we are demonstrating a method to aid rapid DNA methylation detection of genomic sequences. Using genomic DNA of peripheral blood from 14 healthy individuals, DNA methylation in 465 CpG sites from 12 loci of genes (ADAM22, ATF2, BCR, CD83, CREBBP, IL12B, IL17RA, MAP2K2, RBM38, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, and WNT5A) was analysed by targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing. Analysed region for three genes, BCR, IL17RA and RBM38 showed an absolute mean DNA methylation of 25.6%, 89.2% and 38.9% respectively. Other nine gene loci were unmethylated and exhibited <10% absolute mean DNA methylation. Two genes, IL17RA and RBM38 were technically validated using direct capillary sequencing and results were comparable with positive correlation (P=0.0088 & P<0.0001 respectively) in the CpG sites for DNA methylation. All CpG sites analysed from RBM38 genes locus displayed 95% limits of agreement for DNA methylation measurements from the two methods. The present approach provides a fast and reliable DNA methylation quantitative data at single base resolution with good coverage of the CpG sites under analysis in multiple loci and samples simultaneously. Use of targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing may provide an opportunity to explore genes in the discovery panel for biomarker identification and facilitate functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, S. P. University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanuja M Nesari
- Department of Dravyaguna, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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