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Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Jankowska O, Staniszewska M, Pawlik A. The Involvement of Semaphorins in the Pathogenesis of Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17235. [PMID: 38139064 PMCID: PMC10743238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins belong to a group of membrane and secretory proteins that act as ligands for several receptor families and are involved in modulating cell signaling pathways. They bind multimeric receptor complexes on the cell membrane to exert their effects and initiate unique intracellular signal transduction cascades. These proteins can influence several processes that are very important for cell function, such as cell division and differentiation. Semaphorins are involved in cell migration, apoptosis, cell adhesion, aggregation, and numerous immune processes due to their immunoregulatory effects. Semaphorins are expressed in keratinocytes, which is why they have become a target for studies on the pathogenesis of skin diseases. Most studies to date on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases have been carried out in cellular or animal models, and there are few clinical studies evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis and therapy of skin diseases. In this narrative review, we summarized the current state of knowledge on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and their potential importance as targets for therapy. We also tried to present the key findings and weaknesses of previous research in this field. The novelty of this article lies in the comprehensive presentation of the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including the results of studies on cell cultures and animal models, elucidating the mechanisms and signaling pathways through which semaphorins affect the development of skin diseases, as well as on the presentation of the results of existing clinical trials evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.S.-G.); (O.J.); (M.S.)
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2
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Nojima S. Class IV semaphorins in disease pathogenesis. Pathol Int 2022; 72:471-487. [PMID: 36066011 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and/or transmembrane proteins, originally identified as proteins that function in axon guidance during neuronal development. However, semaphorins play crucial roles in other physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, angiogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. Class IV semaphorins may be present as transmembrane and soluble forms and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review discusses recent progress on the roles of class IV semaphorins determined by clinical and experimental pathology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Li Q, Lian Y, Deng Y, Chen J, Wu T, Lai X, Zheng B, Qiu C, Peng Y, Li W, Xiang AP, Zhang X, Ren J. mRNA-engineered mesenchymal stromal cells expressing CXCR2 enhances cell migration and improves recovery in IBD. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:222-236. [PMID: 34513306 PMCID: PMC8413681 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown significant heterogeneity in terms of therapeutic efficacy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, which may be due to an insufficient number of MSCs homing to the damaged tissue of the colon. Engineering MSCs with specific chemokine receptors can enhance the homing ability by lentiviral transduction. However, the unclear specific chemokine profile related to IBD and the safety concerns of viral-based gene delivery limit its application. Thus, a new strategy to modify MSCs to express specific chemokine receptors using mRNA engineering is developed to evaluate the homing ability of MSCs and its therapeutic effects for IBD. We found that CXCL2 and CXCL5 were highly expressed in the inflammatory colon, while MSCs minimally expressed the corresponding receptor CXCR2. Transient expression of CXCR2 in MSC was constructed and exhibited significantly enhanced migration to the inflamed colons, leading to a robust anti-inflammatory effect and high efficacy. Furthermore, the high expression of semaphorins7A on MSCs were found to induce the macrophages to produce IL-10, which may play a critical therapeutic role. This study demonstrated that the specific chemokine receptor CXCR2 mRNA-engineered MSCs not only improves the therapeutic efficacy of IBD but also provides an efficient and safe MSC modification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojia Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufan Lian
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinqiang Lai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanwen Peng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Mohammed A, Okwor I, Shan L, Onyilagha C, Uzonna JE, Gounni AS. Semaphorin 3E Regulates the Response of Macrophages to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:128-136. [PMID: 31776203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) is a secreted protein that was initially discovered as a neuronal guidance cue. Recent evidence showed that Sema3E plays an essential role in regulating the activities of various immune cells. However, the exact role of Sema3E in macrophage function, particularly during inflammation, is not fully understood. We studied the impact of Sema3E gene deletion on macrophage function during the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response. We found that Sema3E-deficient (Sema3e-/- ) mice were better protected from LPS-induced acute inflammation as exemplified by their superior clinical score and effective temperature control compared with their wild-type littermates. This superior control of inflammatory response in Sema3e-/- mice was associated with significantly lower phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, STAT3, and NF-κB, and a concomitant reduction in inducible NO synthase expression and production of TNF and IL-6 compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates. Sema3e-/- mice also contained significantly higher numbers of activated macrophages compared with their Sema3e+/+ littermates at both baselines and after LPS challenge. In vivo-specific deletion of the Sema3E high-affinity receptor, plexinD1, on macrophages led to the improvement in clinical disease following exposure to a lethal dose of LPS. Collectively, our data show that Sema3E plays an essential role in dampening the early inflammatory response to LPS by regulating macrophage function, suggesting an essential role of this pathway in macrophage inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Sabag AD, Dias-Polak D, Bejar J, Sheffer H, Bergman R, Vadasz Z. Altered expression of regulatory molecules in the skin of psoriasis. Immunol Res 2019; 66:649-654. [PMID: 30613859 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of T regulatory cells (Tregs) is highly required in normal skin in order to maintain immune tolerance to commensal microbes and to prevent the development of immune-mediated inflammation. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which effector T cells, namely, Th17 and their relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in peripheral blood as well as in the inflamed skin. The status of Tregs in psoriatic skin is continuously studied. In this case, CD4 + CD25high T cells and other regulatory cytokines such as IL-35 are demonstrated to be significantly decreased. Aiming to better characterize Tregs in psoriatic skin and to establish the finding of their abnormal balance, we assessed the expression of semaphorin3A and neuropilin-1 (both reported as biomarkers of Tregs). Semaphorin3A and neuropilin-1 expressing Tregs were found to be significantly decreased in psoriatic skin when compared to normal skin. These findings were supported by demonstrating the downregulation of IL-10 expression in psoriatic skin. Our findings suggest that semaphoring3A may turn to be a new promising therapeutic approach in the process of improving Treg function in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Sabag
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Dias-Polak
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - J Bejar
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - H Sheffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Bergman
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zahava Vadasz
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion medical Center, Haifa, Israel. .,Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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Kermarrec L, Eissa N, Wang H, Kapoor K, Diarra A, Gounni AS, Bernstein CN, Ghia J. Semaphorin-3E attenuates intestinal inflammation through the regulation of the communication between splenic CD11C + and CD4 + CD25 - T-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1235-1250. [PMID: 30736100 PMCID: PMC6468259 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An alteration in the communication between the innate and adaptive immune cells is a hallmark of ulcerative colitis (UC). Semaphorin-3E (SEMA3E), a secreted guidance protein, regulates various immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the expression of SEMA3E in colonic biopsies of active UC patients and its mechanisms in Sema3e-/- mice using an experimental model of UC. KEY RESULTS SEMA3E level was decreased in active UC patients and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory mediators. Colonic expression of SEMA3E was reduced in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice, and recombinant (rec-) Plexin-D1 treatment exacerbated disease severity. In vivo rec-SEMA3E treatment restored SEMA3E level in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice. In Sema3e-/- mice, disease severity was increased, and rec-SEMA3E ameliorated these effects. Lack of Sema3e increased the expression of CD11c and CD86 markers. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenocytes and splenic CD11c+ cells produced more IL-12/23 and IFN-γ compared to Sema3e+/+ , and rec-SEMA3E reduced their release as much as NF-κB inhibitors, whereas an NF-κB activator increased their production and attenuated the effect of rec-SEMA3E. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenic CD11c+ /CD4+ CD25- T-cell co-cultures produced higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 when compared to colitic Sema3e+/+ splenic cell co-cultures, and rec-SEMA3E decreased these effects. In vitro, anti-IL-12p19 and -12p35 antibodies and rec-IL-12 and -23 treatment confirmed the crosstalk between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SEMA3E is reduced in colitis and modulates colonic inflammation by regulating the interaction between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Thus, SEMA3E could be a potential therapeutic target for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Children Research Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Kunal Kapoor
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Abdoulaye Diarra
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | | | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Jean‐Eric Ghia
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Children Research Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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Gong Y, Niu W, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Liu S, Liu X, Wang X, Xu Y. Aggravated mucosal and immune damage in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis with stress. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2341-2348. [PMID: 30783488 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of stress on the colonic mucosa and immune system and to further investigate the association between stress and development and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to induce an animal model of UC, and stress was induced by water immersion and restraint. Subsequently, the disease activity index (DAI), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgA, interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), complement component (C)3 and C4, and alterations in the colonic mucosa were observed. The DAI scores and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α significantly increased in the experimental UC mice compared with the control mice, while the expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased (all P<0.01). DAI and colonic mucosa damage scores increased in the stress-treated mouse models of UC compared with the untreated mouse models of UC (P<0.05). Expression levels of IgA and sIgA decreased, while IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α further increased in the stress-treated UC mice (P<0.05). The expression levels of C3 and C4 were not affected by stress or UC (P>0.05). These results indicated that UC may be associated with an immune disorder and that stress can aggravate colonic mucosa injury and alter the immune response. Furthermore, stress and immunity may serve roles in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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Ha YJ, Han DW, Kim JH, Chung SW, Kang EH, Song YW, Lee YJ. Circulating Semaphorin 4D as a Marker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:2318386. [PMID: 30538782 PMCID: PMC6261241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2318386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) are molecules which regulate immune responses as well as bone remodeling process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of Sema3A and Sema4D and to investigate their clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The serum levels of Sema3A and Sema4D were measured in 130 patients with RA and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. Circulating levels of biomarkers of RA-related inflammation and bone turnover such as tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-22, IL-34, osteopontin, Dkk-1, and sclerostin were also measured. Disease activity was determined by the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), and radiographic joint damage was assessed by the modified Sharp van der Heijde score (SHS). The serum levels of Sema3A were significantly higher in patients with RA than those in healthy controls (p < 0.001), whereas serum4D levels did not differ between the two groups. The levels of Sema4D showed a positive correlation with C-reactive protein (p = 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels, whereas the levels of Sema3A showed a negative correlation with Dkk-1 (p = 0.007) and TNF-α (p = 0.001). Even though Sema3A and Sema4D levels were comparable between RA patients with DAS28> 3.2 and with DAS28 ≤ 3.2, RA patients with radiographic progression (ΔSHS change/year ≥ 1) had significantly higher baseline levels of Sema4D than those without progression (p = 0.029). Additionally, when RA patients were divided into 3 groups using tertiles of Sema4D levels, the percentage of progressors was significantly increased (p = 0.045). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum Sema4D levels were an independent risk factor for radiographic progression. Our results suggest that the baseline levels of Sema4D might be a useful marker to identify RA patients with subsequent radiographic progression and that Sema4D may be an active mediator involved in RA-induced joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics: Can they be used to treat allergies and autoimmune diseases? Maturitas 2018; 119:25-38. [PMID: 30502748 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a person ages, physiological, immunological and gut microbiome changes collectively result in an array of chronic conditions. According to the 'hygiene hypothesis' the increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders may be related to intestinal dysbiosis, leading to immune dysfunction and associated conditions such as eczema, asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases. Beneficial probiotic bacteria can be utilized by increasing their abundance within the gastrointestinal lumen, which in turn will modulate immune cells, such as, T helper (Th)-1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and B cells, which have direct relevance to human health and the pathogenesis of immune disorders. Here, we describe the cross-talk between probiotics and the gastrointestinal immune system, and their effects in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergies and atopic dermatitis.
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10
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Finney AC, Orr AW. Guidance Molecules in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1311. [PMID: 30283356 PMCID: PMC6157320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several highly conserved families of guidance molecules, including ephrins, Semaphorins, Netrins, and Slits, play conserved and distinct roles in tissue remodeling during tissue patterning and disease pathogenesis. Primarily, these guidance molecules function as either secreted or surface-bound ligands that interact with their receptors to activate a variety of downstream effects, including cell contractility, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and inflammation. Vascular smooth muscle cells, contractile cells comprising the medial layer of the vessel wall and deriving from the mural population, regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. While capillaries lack a medial layer of vascular smooth muscle, mural-derived pericytes contribute similarly to capillary tone to regulate blood flow in various tissues. Furthermore, pericyte coverage is critical in vascular development, as perturbations disrupt vascular permeability and viability. During cardiovascular disease, smooth muscle cells play a more dynamic role in which suppression of contractile markers, enhanced proliferation, and migration lead to the progression of aberrant vascular remodeling. Since many types of guidance molecules are expressed in vascular smooth muscle and pericytes, these may contribute to blood vessel formation and aberrant remodeling during vascular disease. While vascular development is a large focus of the existing literature, studies emerged to address post-developmental roles for guidance molecules in pathology and are of interest as novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss the roles of guidance molecules in vascular smooth muscle and pericyte function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Christine Finney
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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11
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Liu LN, Li XM, Ye DQ, Pan HF. Emerging role of semaphorin-3A in autoimmune diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:655-665. [PMID: 29696565 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are featured by the body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in prolonged inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Currently, the exact pathogenesis of ADs remains not fully elucidated. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A), a secreted member of semaphorin family, is a potent immunoregulator during all immune response stages. Sema3A has wide expression, such as in bone, connective tissue, kidney, neurons, and cartilage. Sema3A can downregulate ADs by suppressing the over-activity of both T-cell and B-cell autoimmunity. Moreover, Sema3A shows the ability to enhance T-cell and B-cell regulatory properties that control ADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic sclerosis. However, it can also induce ADs when overexpressed. Together, these data strongly suggest that Sema3A plays a pivotal role in ADs, and it may be a promising treatment target for these diseases. In the present review, we focus on the immunological functions of Sema3A and summarize recent studies on the involvement of Sema3A in the pathogenesis of ADs; the discoveries obtained from recent findings may translate into novel therapeutic agent for ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as "neuroimmune semaphorins". They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a "signal three" for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
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Decreased Expression of Semaphorin3A/Neuropilin-1 Signaling Axis in Apical Periodontitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8724503. [PMID: 29457037 PMCID: PMC5804370 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8724503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic infection of endodontic origin accompanied with bone destruction around the apical region. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) are regarded as a pair of immune regulators in bone metabolism. In this study, we firstly investigated the expression pattern of Sema3A/Nrp1 in apical periodontitis and its correlation with bone destruction. Using rat animal model, we analysed the level of mandibular bone destruction and the expression of Sema3A/Nrp1 on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after pulp exposure. In addition, clinical samples from apical periodontitis patients were obtained to analyse the expression of Sema3A/Nrp1. These results indicated that the bone destruction level expanded from days 7 to 35. The number of positive cells and level of mRNA expression of Sema3A/Nrp1 were significantly decreased from days 7 to 35, with a negative correlation with bone destruction. Moreover, expression of Sema3A/Nrp1 in the AP group was reduced compared to the control group of clinical samples. In conclusion, decreased expression of Sema3A/Nrp1 was observed in periapical lesions and is potentially involved in the bone resorption of the periapical area, suggesting that Sema3A/Nrp1 may contribute to the pathological development of apical periodontitis.
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Vadasz Z, Toubi E. Semaphorin3A: A potential therapeutic tool in immune-mediated diseases. Eur J Rheumatol 2017; 5:58-61. [PMID: 29657877 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of semaphorin3A (sema3A) in regulating immune-mediated inflammation is widely reported. There are multiple mechanisms involved in the process of sema3A-mediated regulation. One of them is the ability of sema3A to maintain a sufficient regulation of both T-cell and B-cell activation. Because it is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, infectious, and malignant diseases, sema3A turns to be a promising therapeutic tool to be studied and applied in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Vadasz
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elias Toubi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Amrouche K, Jamin C. Influence of drug molecules on regulatory B cells. Clin Immunol 2017; 184:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ito D, Kumanogoh A. The role of Sema4A in angiogenesis, immune responses, carcinogenesis, and retinal systems. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:692-699. [PMID: 27736304 PMCID: PMC5160039 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1215785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as axon guidance cues that regulate the functional activity of axons in the nervous system. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that semaphorins have multiple functions in physiological and pathogenic processes, including vascular development, tumor progression, and immune responses. Sema4A is a semaphorin expressed in immune cells, and is thus termed an “immune semaphorin.” Sema4A has 4 types of receptors: Plexin D family, Plexin B family, Tim-2, and Nrp-1. Recent studies suggest that Sema4A plays critical roles in many processes including cell–cell interactions, immune-cell activation, differentiation, and migration. In other studies, Sema4A is also associated with carcinogenesis and retinal systems. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the biology of Sema4A in relation to angiogenesis, immune responses, colorectal cancer, and the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Allergy and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Allergy and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
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Semaphorins 4A and 4D in chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:111-117. [PMID: 27554682 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term inflammatory processes directed at a particular endogenous or exogenous antigen, or sometimes of unknown etiology, form the pathogenetic basis for many debilitating conditions, such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, autoimmune, neurologic diseases, and cancer. Recent discoveries of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D (Sema4A and Sema4D, respectively) expression and function in the immune system and their key regulatory roles in fine tuning of inflammatory processes made them the molecules of interest for a potential immunotherapy. In this short review, we discuss the current knowledge in the Sema4A and Sema4D actions in chronic inflammation underlying the outlined above diseases.
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