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Chuttong B, Lim K, Praphawilai P, Danmek K, Maitip J, Vit P, Wu MC, Ghosh S, Jung C, Burgett M, Hongsibsong S. Exploring the Functional Properties of Propolis, Geopropolis, and Cerumen, with a Special Emphasis on Their Antimicrobial Effects. Foods 2023; 12:3909. [PMID: 37959028 PMCID: PMC10648409 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee propolis has been touted as a natural antimicrobial agent with the potential to replace antibiotics. Numerous reports and reviews have highlighted the functionalities and applications of the natural compound. Despite much clamor for the downstream application of propolis, there remain many grounds to cover, especially in the upstream production, and factors affecting the quality of the propolis. Moreover, geopropolis and cerumen, akin to propolis, hold promise for diverse human applications, yet their benefits and intricate manufacturing processes remain subjects of intensive research. Specialized cement bees are pivotal in gathering and transporting plant resins from suitable sources to their nests. Contrary to common belief, these resins are directly applied within the hive, smoothed out by cement bees, and blended with beeswax and trace components to create raw propolis. Beekeepers subsequently harvest and perform the extraction of the raw propolis to form the final propolis extract that is sold on the market. As a result of the production process, intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as botanical origins, bee species, and the extraction process, have a direct impact on the quality of the final propolis extract. Towards the end of this paper, a section is dedicated to highlighting the antimicrobial potency of propolis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajaree Chuttong
- Meliponini and Apini Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Kaiyang Lim
- ES-TA Technology Pte Ltd., Singapore 368819, Singapore;
| | - Pichet Praphawilai
- Meliponini and Apini Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (M.B.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Khanchai Danmek
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Jakkrawut Maitip
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Bankhai, Rayong 21120, Thailand;
| | - Patricia Vit
- Apitherapy and Bioactivity, Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida 5001, Venezuela;
| | - Ming-Cheng Wu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Sampat Ghosh
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Department of Plant Medical, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Michael Burgett
- Meliponini and Apini Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Phuong DTL, Van Phuong N, Le Tuan N, Cong NT, Hang NT, Thanh LN, Hue VT, Vuong NQ, Ha NTT, Popova M, Trusheva B, Bankova V. Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract and Chemical Constituents Isolated from Homotrigona apicalis Propolis-In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1682. [PMID: 37629539 PMCID: PMC10455239 DOI: 10.3390/life13081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of Homotrigona apicalis propolis collected in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam, led to the isolation of nine compounds, including four sesquiterpenes: spathulenol (1), 1αH,5βH-aromandendrane-4β,10α-diol (2), 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (3), and 1βH,5βH-aromandendrane-4α,10β-diol (4); three triterpenes: acetyl oleanolic acid (5), 3α-hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (6), and ursolic acid (7); and two xanthones: cochinchinone A (8) and α-mangostin (9). Sesquiterpens 1-4 and triterpene 6 were isolated for the first time from stingless bee propolis. Plants in the Cratoxylum and Aglaia genus were suggested as resin sources of the propolis sample. In the antibacterial activity evaluation, the EtOH extract only showed moderate activity on S. aureus, while the isolated compounds 7-9 showed good antibacterial activity, with IC50 values of 0.56 to 17.33 µg/mL. The EtOH extract displayed selective cytotoxicity against the A-549 cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 22.82 ± 0.86 µg/mL, and the xanthones 8 and 9 exhibited good activity against the KB, HepG-2, and A-549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 7.55 ± 0.25 µg/mL to 29.27 ± 2.07 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of xanthones 8 and 9 were determined by the inhibition of the EGFR and HER2 pathways using a molecular docking study. Compounds 8 and 9 displayed strong binding affinity with EFGR and HER2, with values of -9.3 to -9.9 kcal/mol. Compounds 5, 8, and 9 showed potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which were further confirmed by computational studies. The binding energies of compounds 5, 8, and 9 were lower than that of arcabose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Van Phuong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicines, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 11000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (N.T.C.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Nguyen Le Tuan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh 55000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Thanh Cong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicines, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 11000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (N.T.C.); (N.T.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Dai Nam University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thu Hang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicines, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 11000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (N.T.C.); (N.T.H.)
| | - Le Nguyen Thanh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.Q.V.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Vu Thi Hue
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Quoc Vuong
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.Q.V.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.Q.V.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (B.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (B.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (B.T.); (V.B.)
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Herrera-López MG, Richomme P, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Calvo-Irabien LM. Bee Species, Botanical Sources and the Chemical Composition of Propolis from Yucatan, Mexico. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:408-417. [PMID: 37097511 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is used by corbiculated bees to protect the bee hive; it is mostly used to seal cracks, to reduce or prevent microbial growth and to embalm invaders. Different factors have been reported to influence the chemical composition of propolis, including bee species and the flora surrounding the hive. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies are focused on propolis produced by Apis mellifera, while studies on the chemical composition of propolis produced by stingless bees are still limited. In this investigation, the chemical composition of 27 propolis samples collected in the Yucatan Peninsula from A. mellifera beehives, together with 18 propolis samples from six different species of stingless bees, were analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that lupeol acetate and β-amyrin were the characteristic triterpenes in propolis samples from A. mellifera, while grandiflorenic acid and its methyl ester were the main metabolites present in samples from stingless bees. Multivariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between bee species and botanical sources on the chemical composition of the propolis samples. Differences in body size and, therefore, foraging abilities, as well as preferences for specific botanical sources among bee species, could explain the observed variation in propolis chemical composition. This is the first report on the composition of propolis samples from the stingless bees Trigona nigra, Scaptotrigona pectoralis, Nannotrigona perilampoides, Plebeia frontalis and Partamona bilineata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Guadalupe Herrera-López
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo , 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130,Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Pascal Richomme
- SONAS EA921, SFR4207 QUASAV, University of Angers, 42, rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beacourzé, France
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo , 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Luz María Calvo-Irabien
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130,Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Azonwade F, Mabanza-Banza BB, Le Ray AM, Bréard D, Blanchard P, Goubalan E, Baba-Moussa L, Banga-Mboko H, Richomme P, Derbré S, Boisard S. Chemodiversity of propolis samples collected in various areas of Benin and Congo: Chromatographic profiling and chemical characterization guided by 13 C NMR dereplication. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:461-475. [PMID: 37051779 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propolis is a resinous natural substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of various trees and plants; it is widely accepted that the composition of propolis depends on the phytogeographic characteristics of the site of collection. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition of ethanolic extracts from eight propolis batches collected in different regions of Benin (north, center, and south) and Congo, Africa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Characterization of propolis samples was performed by using different hyphenated chromatographic methods combined with carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C NMR) dereplication with MixONat software. Their antioxidant or anti-advanced glycation end-product (anti-AGE) activity was then evaluated by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and bovine serum albumin assays, respectively. RESULTS Chromatographic analyses combined with 13 C NMR dereplication showed that two samples from the center of Benin exhibited, in addition to a huge amount of pentacyclic triterpenes, methoxylated stilbenoids or phenanthrenoids, responsible for the antioxidant activity of the extract for the first one. Among them, combretastatins might be cytotoxic. For the second one, the prenylated flavanones known in Macaranga-type propolis were responsible for its significant anti-AGE activity. The sample from Congo was composed of many triterpene derivatives belonging to Mangifera indica species. CONCLUSION Therefore, propolis from the center of Benin seems to be of particular interest, due to its antioxidant and anti-AGE properties. Nevertheless, as standardization of propolis is difficult in tropical zones due to its great chemodiversity, a systematic phytochemical analysis is required before promoting the use of propolis in food and health products in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Azonwade
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | | | | | - Elvire Goubalan
- Laboratory of Bioengineering of Food Processes, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Henri Banga-Mboko
- National High School of Agronomy and Forestry, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo
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Rivera-Yañez N, Ruiz-Hurtado PA, Rivera-Yañez CR, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Yepez-Ortega M, Mendoza-Arroyo B, Rebollar-Ruíz XA, Méndez-Cruz AR, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Nieto-Yañez O. The Role of Propolis as a Natural Product with Potential Gastric Cancer Treatment Properties: A Systematic Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020415. [PMID: 36673507 PMCID: PMC9858610 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common, aggressive, and invasive types of malignant neoplasia. It ranks fifth for incidence and fourth for prevalence worldwide. Products of natural origin, such as propolis, have been assessed for use as new complementary therapies to combat cancer. Propolis is a bee product with antiproliferative and anticancer properties. The concentrations and types of secondary metabolites contained in propolis mainly vary according to the geographical region, the season of the year, and the species of bees that make it. The present study is a systematic review of the main articles related to the effects of propolis against gastric cancer published between 2011 and 2021 in the PubMed and Science Direct databases. Of 1305 articles published, only eight studies were selected; among their principal characteristics was the use of in vitro analysis with cell lines from gastric adenocarcinoma and in vivo murine models of the application of propolis treatments. These studies suggest that propolis arrests the cell cycle and inhibits proliferation, prevents the release of oxidizing agents, and promotes apoptosis. In vivo assays showed that propolis decreased the number of tumors by regulating the cell cycle and the expression of proteins related to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Rivera-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Alonso Ruiz-Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Manuel L. Stampa s/n, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular y Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Manuel L. Stampa s/n, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rebeca Rivera-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunonutrición, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Mariazell Yepez-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Inmunonutrición, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Belén Mendoza-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Abril Rebollar-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Inmunonutrición, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad de Mucosas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis esq. Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.-A.); (O.N.-Y.); Tel.: +52-5521-327-136 (O.N.-Y.)
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.-A.); (O.N.-Y.); Tel.: +52-5521-327-136 (O.N.-Y.)
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Goh LPW, Jawan R, Faik AAM, Gansau JA. A review of stingless bees' bioactivity in different parts of the world. J Med Life 2023; 16:16-21. [PMID: 36873121 PMCID: PMC9979177 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stingless bees, also known as meliponines, live in beehives. However, reports on the distribution of stingless bees are scattered, resulting in a lack of precision. Honey and propolis are the main components that can be harvested from their beehive, with a great commercial value of up to 610 million USD. Despite the enormous potential profits, discrepancies in their bioactivities have been observed worldwide, leading to a lack of confidence. Therefore, this review provided oversight on the potential of stingless bee products and highlighted the differences between stingless bees in Asia, Australia, Africa, and America. The bioactivity of stingless bee products is diverse and exhibits great potential as an antimicrobial agent or in various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and oral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Poh Wah Goh
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Roslina Jawan
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ainol Azifa Mohd Faik
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jualang Azlan Gansau
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Popova M, Trusheva B, Chimshirova R, Antonova D, Gechovska K, Thanh LN, Lien NTP, Phuong DTL, Bankova V. Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227834. [PMID: 36431935 PMCID: PMC9696581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze and compare the chemical profile and antioxidant capacity of propolis from different bee species and different regions. The chemical profiles of propolis from six stingless bee species (Tetragonula iridipennis, T. laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, L. ventralis, Lisotrigona carpenteri and Homotrigona apicalis) collected from a total of eight locations in Vietnam were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 70 compounds were identified, amongst which phenolic lipids (cardanols, resorcinols and anacardic acids), aromatic acids, triterpenes and xanthones. Taxonomic markers for Mangifera indica (phenolic lipids and cycloartane triterpenes) were detected in propolis from bees of the genera Tetragonula and Lepidotrigona, although in different amounts, whereas propolis from H. apicalis was characterized by triterpenes of the amyrine type, typical of dipterocarp trees. A clear discrimination between both groups was observed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Propolis from Tetragonula and Lepidotrigona spp. and from Lisotrigona carpenteri, which is rich in xanthones, possesses higher radical scavenging and ferric-reducing capacity than that from H. apicalis. Propolis produced by all six stingless bee species in Vietnam was analyzed for the first time. In addition, this is the first report on L. carpenteri propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Chimshirova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Antonova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kamelia Gechovska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Le Nguyen Thanh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Alanazi S. Antineoplastic and Antitrypanosomal Properties of Propolis from Tetragonula biroi Friese. Molecules 2022; 27:7463. [PMID: 36364287 PMCID: PMC9655366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis, popularly known as bee glue, is a resinous, sticky substance produced by different bee species across the globe. Studies on the biological properties of propolis from the Philippines are rare. Hence, the current study aims at the chemical characterization of propolis produced by the stingless bees Tetragonula biroi Friese from the Philippines and to investigate its antitrypanosomal and anticancer properties. The determination of the chemical composition and characterization of propolis samples was achieved using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), -high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Three major triterpenes were isolated and identified using HRESI-MS and 1H/13C NMR techniques. The spectral studies confirmed the presence of compounds such as isomangiferolic acid, 27-hydoxymangiferonic acid, and 27-hydroxyisomangiferolic acid. All crude propolis samples, isolated fractions, and pure compounds demonstrated moderate antitrypanosomal and anticancer properties compared to control drugs. Amongst the tested compounds, 27-hydoxymangiferonic acid exhibited the highest antitrypanosomal activity at a concentration of 11.6 µg/mL. The highest anticancer effect was demonstrated by the Ph-2 fraction, followed by 27-hydroxyisomangiferolic acid, with IC50 values of 129.6 and 153.3 µg/mL. Thus, it can be concluded that the observed biological activity of Philippine propolis is due to the combinatorial effect or synergistic action of the active compounds 27-hydoxymangiferonic acid and 27-hydroxyisomangiferolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Souza ECA, Silva BP, Porto C, Pilau EJ, Menezes C, Flach A. Molecular network-guided chemical profile and mass spectrometry, volatile compounds, and antimicrobial activity of Scaptotrigona depilis propolis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9348. [PMID: 35776427 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Propolis has a great diversity in its composition due to numerous factors; therefore, each study is an important contribution to the knoFwledge of its composition and biological action. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical profile and biological activity of propolis produced by Scaptotrigona depilis. METHODS Extracts with 70% ethanol (EPE70) and with cereal alcohol (CAPE) were elaborated, and then characterized using UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Volatile compounds were extracted and then characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, antimicrobial activities were verified against resistant strains. RESULTS The volatile compounds of propolis predominantly consist of sesquiterpenes. Using the exploratory metabolomic approach, compounds of different classes were putatively identified in the ethanolic extracts, of which the most representative were terpenes, and some of the sesquiterpenes identified among the volatiles were also detected. The extracts were shown to be active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 and 1.0 mg mL-1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The molecular network approach proved to be determining the chemical profile of S. depilis propolis rapidly and accurately, and led to the identification of lipophilic compounds. The identification of compounds using GC-MS and UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS is complementary and useful for the characterization of propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edineide Cristina A Souza
- Universidade Federal de Roraima-Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paes Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá-Departamento de Química, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- MS Bioscience - Incubadora Tecnológica de Maringá - Complexo UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá-Departamento de Química, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Flach
- Universidade Federal de Roraima-Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
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10
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Hossain R, Quispe C, Khan RA, Saikat ASM, Ray P, Ongalbek D, Yeskaliyeva B, Jain D, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Kiani R, Kobarfard F, Mojgani N, Saffarian P, Ayatollahi SA, Sarkar C, Islam MT, Keriman D, Uçar A, Martorell M, Sureda A, Pintus G, Butnariu M, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications. Chin Med 2022; 17:100. [PMID: 36028892 PMCID: PMC9412804 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees from various plant sources, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine for several purposes all over the world. The precise composition of propolis varies according to plant source, seasons harvesting, geography, type of bee flora, climate changes, and honeybee species at the site of collection. This apiary product has broad clinical applications such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic as well asimmunomodulatory effects. It is also well known from traditional uses in treating purulent disorders, improving the wound healing, and alleviating many of the related discomforts. Even if its use was already widespread since ancient times, after the First and Second World War, it has grown even more as well as the studies to identify its chemical and pharmacological features, allowing to discriminate the qualities of propolis in terms of the chemical profile and relative biological activity based on the geographic place of origin. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out and new insights into the pharmaceutical prospects of this bee product in the management of different disorders, have been highlighted. Specifically, the available literature confirms the efficacy of propolis and its bioactive compounds in the reduction of cancer progression, inhibition of bacterial and viral infections as well as mitigation of parasitic-related symptoms, paving the way to the use of propolis as an alternative approach to improve the human health. However, a more conscious use of propolis in terms of standardized extracts as well as new clinical studies are needed to substantiate these health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939, Iquique, Chile
| | - Rasel Ahmed Khan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9280, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pranta Ray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Damira Ongalbek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Roghayeh Kiani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Mojgani
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Saffarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Dılhun Keriman
- Food Processing Department, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Arserim Uçar
- Food Processing Department, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile. .,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN - Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 22272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Discipline, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timis, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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11
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Belmehdi O, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Gallo M, Montesano D, Naviglio D, Zengin G, Skali Senhaji N, Goh BH, Abrini J. Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Propolis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2089164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Belmehdi
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nadia Skali Senhaji
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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12
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Computational Study of Asian Propolis Compounds as Potential Anti-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Agents by Using Inverse Virtual Screening with the DIA-DB Web Server, Tanimoto Similarity Analysis, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133972. [PMID: 35807241 PMCID: PMC9268573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis contains a wide range of pharmacological activities because of their various bioactive compounds. The beneficial effect of propolis is interesting for treating type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) owing to dysregulation of multiple metabolic processes. In this study, 275 of 658 Asian propolis compounds were evaluated as potential anti-T2DM agents using the DIA-DB web server towards 18 known anti-diabetes protein targets. More than 20% of all compounds could bind to more than five diabetes targets with high binding affinity (<−9.0 kcal/mol). Filtering with physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, including ADMET parameters, 12 compounds were identified as potential anti-T2DM with favorable ADMET properties. Six of those compounds, (2R)-7,4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavone; (RR)-(+)-3′-senecioylkhellactone; 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy chalcone; alpinetin; pinobanksin-3-O-butyrate; and pinocembrin-5-methyl ether were first reported as anti-T2DM agents. We identified the significant T2DM targets of Asian propolis, namely retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) that have important roles in insulin sensitivity and diabetes complication, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations showed stable interaction of selected propolis compounds in the active site of RBP4 and AKR1B1. These findings suggest that Asian propolis compound may be effective for treatment of T2DM by targeting RBP4 and AKR1B1.
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13
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Dipterocarpol in Oleoresin of Dipterocarpus alatus Attributed to Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Effect. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103187. [PMID: 35630669 PMCID: PMC9145408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don is widely found in Southeast Asia. Its oleo-resin has reportedly been used in biodiesel production. Two different biodiesel production processes produce resinous byproducts, namely degumming (DG) and distillation (DT). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sesquiterpenes and triterpenes in oleo-resin, DG, and DT; and long-chain hydrocarbons in oleo-resin. High-performance liquid chromatography detected dipterocarpol as a marker compound, with the highest to lowest amounts detected in DG, DT, and oleo-resin, respectively. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted more cytotoxicity than dipterocarpol, and melphalan, a chemotherapeutic drug. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted cytotoxicity to a different degree in T cell leukemia (Jurkat), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, while the highest selectivity was found in the Jurkat cells compared to the non-cancer Vero cells. Dipterocarpol exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and the lowest cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. In oleo-resin, DG, and DT, dipterocarpol and other compounds may act in synergy leading to cytotoxicity and an apoptosis-inducing effect. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT could be potential sources for anticancer agents. Dipterocarpol could serve as a biomarker for follow ups on the anticancer activity of a sample from D. alatus.
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14
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Andre, Arief II, Apriantini A, Jayanegara A, Budiman C. Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Extract and Their Application as a Natural Preservative in Livestock Products: A Meta-Analysis. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:280-294. [PMID: 35310561 PMCID: PMC8907792 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propolis extract as a natural preservative for livestock products in term of chemical and microbiological characteristics by meta-analysis. The stages carried out in this study were identification, selection, checking suitability, and the resulting selected articles were used in the meta-analysis. The selection results obtained a total of 22 selected journal articles consisting of 9 articles for analysis of the antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and 13 articles for analysis of the chemical and mirobiological characteristics of livestock products. The articles were obtained from electronic databases, namely Science Direct and Google Scholar. The model used in this study is the random-effect model involving two groups, control and experimental. Heterogeneity and effect size values were carried out in this study using Hedge's obtained through openMEE software. Forest plot tests and data validation on publication bias was obtained using Kendall's test throught JASP 0.14.1 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between propolis extract with the results of the antimicrobial activity (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the application of propolis extract on the livestock products for the test microbes and the value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) showed significant results (p<0.05). Conclusion based on the random-effect model on the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of propolis extract and their apllication as a natural preservative of the chemical and microbiological characteristics of livestock products is valid by Kendall's test (p>0.05). Propolis in this case effectively used as natural preservatives in livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre
- Department of Animal Production Science
and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Irma Isnafia Arief
- Department of Animal Production Science
and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Astari Apriantini
- Department of Animal Production Science
and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Science
and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Cahyo Budiman
- Department of Animal Production Science
and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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15
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Liu X, Shen J, Zhu K. Antibacterial activities of plant-derived xanthones. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:107-116. [PMID: 35308024 PMCID: PMC8864485 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat to global health posed by antibiotic resistance remains a serious concern. This troublesome scenario has steered a need for the discovery and evaluation of novel antibacterial agents. Natural products are the main sources of antimicrobials used in clinical practice, serving as a rich reservoir for the discovery of new antibiotics. Pharmaceutical phenolics especially xanthones widely exist in the plant kingdom, and are important plant metabolites. They possess versatile biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, neurotrophic, and anticancer. In the present study, we focus on the antibacterial activities of phytoxanthones and summarize their structures and sources, categories and drug-likeness evaluations, and antibacterial activities. A total of 226 different plant xanthones are identified through the NETs screening, and most of them are distributed in Clusiaceae family. These phytoxanthones are divided into four groups according to the intrinsic structural properties, including the most common simple xanthones and the majority of biprenylated ones. Moreover, their physicochemical parameters are calculated and the structure-activity relationships are discussed as well. These results indicate that the biprenylated xanthone derivatives may be promising antibacterial candidates and that the natural products of plants may be a poorly understood repository for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Liu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing 00193 China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing 00193 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing 00193 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
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16
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Propolis of stingless bees for the development of novel functional food and nutraceutical ingredients: A systematic scoping review of the experimental evidence. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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17
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Zulhendri F, Chandrasekaran K, Kowacz M, Ravalia M, Kripal K, Fearnley J, Perera CO. Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:1360. [PMID: 34208334 PMCID: PMC8231288 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates. Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host's cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Kowacz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 St., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; or
| | - Munir Ravalia
- The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London E1 1FR, UK;
| | - Krishna Kripal
- Rajarajeswari Dental College & Hospital, No.14, Ramohalli Cross, Mysore Road, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru 560074, Karnataka, India;
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, Unit 3b Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO18 7NA, UK;
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- Food Science Program, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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18
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Popova M, Trusheva B, Bankova V. Propolis of stingless bees: A phytochemist's guide through the jungle of tropical biodiversity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153098. [PMID: 31648904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stingless bees (Meliponini), like honeybees Apis mellifera, collect plant resins in order to produce propolis (cerumen, geopropolis). This type of propolis has long been used in traditional medicine in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, India, and Vietnam, as a remedy for improving health and treating various diseases. The scientific and commercial interest in stingless bee propolis has been steadily increasing over the last few years. The new and growing knowledge in this field requires systematising, as a basis for further work. Recent reviews of Meliponini propolis deal only with the South American and Mesoamerican species, while reviews of the Asian, Australian and African species are missing. Furthermore, the chemical composition has not been thoroughly reviewed since 2007. PURPOSE This review summarises and discusses the available data about the chemical composition of propolis from the stingless bee species (Meliponinae) of the Americas, Asia and Australia, published after 2007. The published information on the biological action of chemically characterised Meliponini propolis, and of individual constituents, is addressed. The plant sources of this propolis are also considered. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES Chemical studies of Meliponini propolis has resulted in the discovery of new natural molecules, some of them with valuable bioactivity. Moreover, finding known molecules in propolis stimulates the study of their pharmacological properties. The enormous chemical variability of stingless bee propolis is a challenge to chemists, entomologists and pharmacologists. It is essential to perform pharmacological studies with only chemically characterised propolis of stingless bees. Further studies are required to chemically characterise and scientifically support the medicinal properties of stingless bee propolis and to clarify the potential for its commercial use. This could lead to increased prices for Meliponinae propolis and provide an additional source of income for farmers in rural communities with most serious social needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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New dihydrochromene and xanthone derivatives from Lisotrigona furva propolis. Fitoterapia 2020; 149:104821. [PMID: 33387643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new dihydrochromene derivative, named lisofurvin (1) and a xanthone, named dihydrobrasixanthone B (2) together with twenty one known compounds (3-23) were isolated from propolis of the stingless bee Lisotrigona furva. Their chemical structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS. The chemical constituents are predominantly geranyl(oxy) xanthones and Cratoxylum cochinchinense was suggested as a resin source, besides two other plants Mangifera indica and dammar trees (Dipterocarpaceae). Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against KB, HepG-2, and Lu-1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values range from 12.63 to 15.17 μg/mL. Several isolated compounds were active against one to four tested cancer cell lines. In addition, among the isolated compounds, α-mangostin (15) displayed the strongest antimicrobial activity against three Gram (+) strains, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans with MIC values ranging between 1 and 2 μg/mL. Compound 22 showed good activity against three Gram (+) strains and C. albicans.
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20
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Ebiloma GU, Ichoron N, Siheri W, Watson DG, Igoli JO, De Koning HP. The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:E5155. [PMID: 33167520 PMCID: PMC7663965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include Trypanosoma spp. (the causative agents of human and animal African Trypanosomiasis and of Chagas disease) and Leishmania spp. (the causative agents of the various forms of leishmaniasis). These neglected diseases affect millions of people across the globe, but drug treatment is hampered by the challenges of toxicity and drug resistance, among others. Propolis (a natural product made by bees) and compounds isolated from it are now being investigated as novel treatments of kinetoplastid infections. The anti-kinetoplastid efficacy of propolis is probably a consequence of its reported activity against kinetoplastid parasites of bees. This article presents a review of the reported anti-kinetoplastid potential of propolis, highlighting its anti-kinetoplastid activity in vitro and in vivo regardless of geographical origin. The mode of action of propolis depends on the organism it is acting on and includes growth inhibition, immunomodulation, macrophage activation, perturbation of the cell membrane architecture, phospholipid disturbances, and mitochondrial targets. This gives ample scope for further investigations toward the rational development of sustainable anti-kinetoplastid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin U. Ebiloma
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - Nahandoo Ichoron
- Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, Nigeria; (N.I.) (J.O.I.)
| | - Weam Siheri
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - John O. Igoli
- Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, Nigeria; (N.I.) (J.O.I.)
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; (W.S.), (D.G.W.)
| | - Harry P. De Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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21
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Abdullah NA, Zullkiflee N, Zaini SNZ, Taha H, Hashim F, Usman A. Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2902-2911. [PMID: 33100845 PMCID: PMC7569112 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the evaluation of phytochemical properties, essential mineral elements, and heavy metals contained in raw propolis produced by stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami found in the same ecological conditions and environment in Brunei Darussalam. The results indicated that propolis of the three stingless bee species mainly consisted of lipids (45.60–47.86%) and very low carbohydrate (0.17–0.48%) and protein contents (0.18–1.18%). The propolis was rich in mineral elements, thus good sources of minerals, while they contained low concentrations of all heavy metals. Propolis of the different bee species could be distinguished based on their mineral compositions. The vibrational and absorption spectra suggested that propolis contains π-conjugated aliphatic and aromatic compounds as well as aromatic acids having amine, ester, carbonyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl functional groups which might be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the propolis, based on radical scavenging activity of their ethanol extract, was in line with their total phenolic content. The ethanol extract of the propolis also showed antimicrobial activities against four bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The propolis showed slightly higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus) bacteria, indicating that the antimicrobial active compounds could be associated with flavonoids, which were quantified to be approximately comparable in all the propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aliah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Nadzirah Zullkiflee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Siti Nurul Zahirah Zaini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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22
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Unveiling the Properties of Thai Stingless Bee Propolis via Diminishing Cell Wall-Associated Cryptococcal Melanin and Enhancing the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070420. [PMID: 32709077 PMCID: PMC7400477 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, a life-threatening human yeast pathogen, has the ability to produce melanin, which is one of the common virulence factors contributing to cryptococcal pathogenesis. This virulence factor is closely associated with the cryptococcal cell wall, specifically chitin and chitosan polysaccharides, a complex structure that is essential for maintaining cellular structure and integrity. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of two stingless bee (SLB) propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetrigona melanoleuca against cell wall-associated melanin in C. neoformans, and its immune response in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The ethanolic extract of SLB propolis (EEP) has strongly exhibited anti-cryptococcal activity. Moreover, EEP from both sources reduced chitin/chitosan and melanin production against C. neoformans in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, the mRNA expression level of CDA1, IPC1-PKC1 and LAC1 genes involved in the cryptococcal melanization pathway was significantly decreased at 2 mg/mL in EEP treatment. Additionally, pretreatment with EEP prior to yeast infection dramatically reduced intracellular replication of C. neoformans in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. This study might be a new insight to use a natural powerful source, not only acting to target cell wall-associated molecules, but also being capable to explore a novel strategy by which dysregulation of these molecules leads to promote immunomodulatory activity.
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Lessons from Exploring Chemical Space and Chemical Diversity of Propolis Components. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144988. [PMID: 32679731 PMCID: PMC7404124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural resinous material produced by bees and has been used in folk medicines since ancient times. Due to it possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities, it has gained significant scientific and commercial interest over the last two decades. As a result of searching 122 publications reported up to the end of 2019, we assembled a unique compound database consisting of 578 components isolated from both honey bee propolis and stingless bee propolis, and analyzed the chemical space and chemical diversity of these compounds. The results demonstrated that both honey bee propolis and stingless bee propolis are valuable sources for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
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Antioxidant-Based Medicinal Properties of Stingless Bee Products: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060923. [PMID: 32570769 PMCID: PMC7356725 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stingless bees are a type of honey producers that commonly live in tropical countries. Their use for honey is being abandoned due to its limited production. However, the recent improvements in stingless bee honey production, particularly in South East Asia, have brought stingless bee products back into the picture. Although there are many stingless bee species that produce a wide spread of products, known since old eras in traditional medicine, the modern medical community is still missing more investigational studies on stingless bee products. Whereas comprehensive studies in the current era attest to the biological and medicinal properties of honeybee (Apis mellifera) products, the properties of stingless bee products are less known. This review highlights for the first time the medicinal benefits of stingless bee products (honey, propolis, pollen and cerumen), recent investigations and promising future directions. This review emphasizes the potential antioxidant properties of these products that in turn play a vital role in preventing and treating diseases associated with oxidative stress, microbial infections and inflammatory disorders. Summarizing all these data and insights in one manuscript may increase the commercial value of stingless bee products as a food ingredient. This review will also highlight the utility of stingless bee products in the context of medicinal and therapeutic properties, some of which are yet to be discovered.
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Xu X, Pu R, Li Y, Wu Z, Li C, Miao X, Yang W. Chemical Compositions of Propolis from China and the United States and their Antimicrobial Activities Against Penicillium notatum. Molecules 2019; 24:E3576. [PMID: 31590214 PMCID: PMC6803850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical compositions of ethanol extracts of propolis from China (EEP-C) and the United States (EEP-A) and their antifungal activity against Penicillium notatum were determined. The result showed that a total of 49 compounds were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 30 of which were present in samples from two regions. The major compounds of EEP-C and EEP-A were similar, including pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, galanin, chrysin, pinobanksin, and pinobanksin-methyl ether, and both of them showed antifungal activity against P. notatum with same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.8 mg·mL-1. In the presence of propolis, the mycelial growth was inhibited, the hyphae became shriveled and wrinkled, the extracellular conductivities were increased, and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were decreased. In addition, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of P. notatum in response to propolis revealed that a total of 341 proteins were differentially expressed, of which 88 (25.8%) were upregulated and 253 (74.2%) were downregulated. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in energy production and conversion, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and the sterol biosynthetic pathway were identified. This study revealed that propolis could affect respiration, interfere with energy metabolism, and influence steroid biosynthesis to inhibit the growth of P. notatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ruixue Pu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenchao Yang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Physicochemical analyses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02476. [PMID: 31687571 PMCID: PMC6819780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial properties, and the toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam were investigated. Propolis particles of different sizes were extracted from raw propolis using various volume fractions of ethanol in water. Spectroscopic analyses were utilized to characterize the chemical structures, functional groups, as well as absorbance and fluorescence properties. The total antioxidant capacity of propolis particles, which was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, was found to increase with volume fraction of ethanol. The maximum antioxidant capacity was as high as 317.65 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of propolis particles. All of the propolis particles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The diameters of the inhibition zone were either significantly higher or equivalent to those of two standard antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin), suggesting strong antibacterial activity. The toxicity studies of propolis particles against Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that they are non-toxic after 24 h exposure. Overall findings suggest that H. itama propolis particles are not only an important source of natural antioxidants that could be beneficial for human health, but they have potentials as antimicrobial against bacteria.
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27
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Phytochemical analysis of Vietnamese propolis produced by the stingless bee Lisotrigona cacciae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216074. [PMID: 31017965 PMCID: PMC6481864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis produced by the stingless bee Lisotrigona cacciae was studied for the first time. Using different chromatographic procedures, a total of eighteen constituents (phenols and triterpenes) were isolated, among which flavane 1, homoisoflavanes 2-4, and xanthones 5 and 6 were new for propolis. Propolis extract was also characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and other fifteen constituents were identified. The xanthone α-mangostin (8) demonstrated significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC 0.31 μg/ml, followed by 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavane (1) with MIC 78 μg/ml and MBC 156 μg/ml. 10,11- Dihydroxydracaenone C (4), a component bearing ortho-hydroxyl groups, was the only compound displaying radical scavenging ability. Triple botanical origin of the sample was defined, consisting of Dracaena cochinchinensis, Cratoxylum cochinchinense and Mangifera indica. D. cochinchinensis is a new resin source of propolis.
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28
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Cycloartane-Type Triterpenes and Botanical Origin of Propolis of Stingless Indonesian Bee Tetragonula sapiens. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030057. [PMID: 30857199 PMCID: PMC6473588 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study clarifies the chemical constituents and botanical origin of Tetragonula sapiens Cockerell bee propolis collected from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Propolis samples and resin of Mangifera indica were extracted with 99% ethanol to obtain an ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and an ethanol extract of M. indica resin (EEM). Column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed and used for the separation and isolation of compounds from the ether-soluble fraction. The structure of the compounds was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and their molecular weight analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The HPLC chromatogram of the EEP was then compared with the HPLC chromatogram of EEM to investigate the botanical origin of propolis. Five compounds were isolated from the EEP, and their structures were determined as mangiferolic acid, cycloartenol, ambonic acid, mangiferonic acid, and ambolic acid, which are cycloartane-type triterpenes. The characteristic peak of the HPLC chromatograms of EEP and EEM showed a similar pattern, which is that the main components of propolis were also found in M. indica resin. These results suggested that the propolis from Southeast Sulawesi was rich in cycloartane-type triterpenes, and the plant source of the propolis could be Mangifera indica (mango).
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29
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Šturm L, Ulrih NP. Advances in the Propolis Chemical Composition between 2013 and 2018: A Review. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.191029.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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30
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Ishizu E, Honda S, Vongsak B, Kumazawa S. Identification of Plant Origin of Propolis from Thailand Stingless Bees by Comparative Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture of substances collected by honey bees from certain plants. It has gained popularity as a food and alternative medicine. We recently obtained Thailand stingless bee propolis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few studies on native Thailand stingless bee propolis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of Thailand stingless bee propolis and to identify its plant origin. Comparative analysis of the 70% ethanol extracts of Thailand stingless bees propolis and the yellow resin from the fruit surface of Garcinia mangostana was performed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution-electrospray mass spectrometry. The extracts showed the similar chromatographic patterns. In conclusion, we suggest that the plant origin of Thailand stingless bee propolis is the yellow resin from fruit surface of G. mangostana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Ishizu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Boonyadist Vongsak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, 169 Longhaad Bangsaen Road, Saensook Municipality, Mueang, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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31
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Chantawannakul P. Honey Bees in Modernized South East Asia: Adaptation or Extinction? ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES USE AND CHALLENGES IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8881-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Zhao L, Yu M, Sun M, Xue X, Wang T, Cao W, Sun L. Rapid Determination of Major Compounds in the Ethanol Extract of Geopropolis from Malaysian Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona itama, by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS and NMR. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111935. [PMID: 29125569 PMCID: PMC6150372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable, rapid analytical method was established for the characterization of constituents of the ethanol extract of geopropolis (EEGP) produced by Malaysian stingless bees—Heterotrigona itama—by combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Based on known standards, the online METLIN database, and published literature, 28 compounds were confirmed. Phenolic acids, flavones, triterpenes and phytosterol were identified or tentatively identified using characteristic diagnostic fragment ions. The results indicated that terpenoids were the main components of EEGP, accompanied by low levels of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytosterol. Two major components were further purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as 24(E)-cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one and 20-hydroxy-24-dammaren-3-one. These two triterpenes, confirmed in this geopropolis for the first time, are potential chemical markers for the identification of geopropolis from Malaysian stingless bees, H. itama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
- Institute of Analytical Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Minghui Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Analytical Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Liping Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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33
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Omar R, Igoli JO, Zhang T, Gray AI, Ebiloma GU, Clements CJ, Fearnley J, Edrada Ebel R, Paget T, de Koning HP, Watson DG. The Chemical Characterization of Nigerian Propolis samples and Their Activity Against Trypanosoma brucei. Sci Rep 2017; 7:923. [PMID: 28424496 PMCID: PMC5430459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiling of extracts from twelve propolis samples collected from eight regions in Nigeria was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with evaporative light scattering (ELSD), ultraviolet detection (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the processed LC-MS data demonstrated the varying chemical composition of the samples. Most of the samples were active against Trypanosoma b. brucei with the highest activity being in the samples from Southern Nigeria. The more active samples were fractionated in order to isolate the component(s) responsible for their activity using medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). Three xanthones, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-4,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone a previously undescribed xanthone and three triterpenes: ambonic acid, mangiferonic acid and a mixture of α-amyrin with mangiferonic acid (1:3) were isolated and characterised by NMR and LC-MS. These compounds all displayed strong inhibitory activity against T.b. brucei but none of them had higher activity than the crude extracts. Partial least squares (PLS) modelling of the anti-trypanosomal activity of the sample extracts using the LC-MS data indicated that high activity in the extracts, as judged from LCMS2 data, could be correlated to denticulatain isomers in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwida Omar
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - John O Igoli
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.,Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alexander I Gray
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Godwin U Ebiloma
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Carol J Clements
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - RuAngeli Edrada Ebel
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Tim Paget
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David G Watson
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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Buranrat B, Mairuae N, Konsue A. Cratoxy formosum leaf extract inhibits proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:77-84. [PMID: 28343074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated how Cratoxy formosum (CF) leaf extract affects the viability and migration of human breast cancer cells including the mechanism(s) responsible. Our results showed that CF leaf extract strongly induced MCF-7 cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 85.70±4.52μg/mL and 53.74±3.02μg/mL at 24h and 48h, respectively. Additionally, CF leaf extract potentiated the activity of 4 anticancer drugs with the greatest synergy occurring between CF and 5-FU. CF leaf extract also caused a dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability with IC50 values of 36.37+1.80 μg/mL and cell migration, with IC50 values of 43.68±0.86μg/mL. Moreover, CF significantly induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cancer cell apoptosis and cell death. In addition, the extract inhibited cancer cell migration at 25μg/mL by reducing MMP 2 and MMP 9 protein expression. Moreover, CF leaf extracts strongly decreased expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 and downstream protein, cdk6. CF leaf extract significantly stimulated p21 and this correlated with a reduction in cyclin D1 protein levels. In summary, CF leaf extract can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and reduce cell migration in the MCF-7 cell line. It could also be beneficial for enhancing the activity of anticancer drugs used to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Buranrat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Nootchanat Mairuae
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Ampa Konsue
- Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
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Zingue S, Nde CBM, Michel T, Ndinteh DT, Tchatchou J, Adamou M, Fernandez X, Fohouo FNT, Clyne C, Njamen D. Ethanol-extracted Cameroonian propolis exerts estrogenic effects and alleviates hot flushes in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28109283 PMCID: PMC5477728 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the biological properties of propolis depend to the plants that can be found in a specific region, propolis from unexplored regions attracts the attention of scientists. Ethanolic extract of Cameroonian propolis (EEP) is used to treat various ailments including gynecological problems and amenorrhea. Since there were no scientific data to support the above claims, the present study was therefore undertaken to assess estrogenic properties of Cameroonian propolis. Methods To achieve our goal, the ability of EEP to induce MCF-7 cells proliferation in E-screen assay as well as to activate estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) in cell-based reporter gene assays using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) transfected with ERs was tested. Further, a 3-day uterotrophic assay was performed and the ability of EEP to alleviate hot flushes in ovariectomized adult rats was evaluated. Results In vitro, EEP showed an antiestrogenic activity in both HEK293T ER-α and ER-β cells. In vivo, EEP induced a significant increase in a bell shape dose response manner of the uterine wet weight, the total protein levels in the uterus, the uterine and vaginal epithelium height and acini border cells of mammary gland with the presence of abundant eosinophil secretions. Moreover, EEP induced a significant decrease in the total number, average duration as well as frequency of hot flushes after 3 days of treatment in rat (equivalent to a month in woman). The dose of 150 mg/kg exhibited the most potent estrogenic effects among all the tested doses. The UPLC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of caffeic acid derivatives and trirtepernoids in EEP, which are well known endowed with estrogenic properties. Conclusion These results suggest that Ethanolic extract of Cameroonian propolis has estrogen-like effects in vivo and may alleviate some menopausal problems such as vaginal dryness and hot flushes. Graphical abstract Ethanol-extracted Cameroobian propolis exhibited in vitro and in vivo estrogen-like effects. This extract may contain promising phytoestrogens.![]()
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Ristivojević P, Dimkić I, Trifković J, Berić T, Vovk I, Milojković-Opsenica D, Stanković S. Antimicrobial Activity of Serbian Propolis Evaluated by Means of MIC, HPTLC, Bioautography and Chemometrics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157097. [PMID: 27272728 PMCID: PMC4896501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New information has come to light about the biological activity of propolis and the quality of natural products which requires a rapid and reliable assessment method such as High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. This study investigates chromatographic and chemometric approaches for determining the antimicrobial activity of propolis of Serbian origin against various bacterial species. A linear multivariate calibration technique, using Partial Least Squares, was used to extract the relevant information from the chromatographic fingerprints, i.e. to indicate peaks which represent phenolic compounds that are potentially responsible for the antimicrobial capacity of the samples. In addition, direct bioautography was performed to localize the antibacterial activity on chromatograms. The biological activity of the propolis samples against various bacterial species was determined by a minimum inhibitory concentration assay, confirming their affiliation with the European poplar type of propolis and revealing the existence of two types (blue and orange) according to botanical origin. The strongest antibacterial activity was exhibited by sample 26 against Staphylococcus aureus, with a MIC value of 0.5 mg/mL, and Listeria monocytogenes, with a MIC as low as 0.1 mg/mL, which was also the lowest effective concentration observed in our study. Generally, the orange type of propolis shows higher antimicrobial activity compared to the blue type. PLS modelling was performed on the HPTLC data set and the resulting models might qualitatively indicate compounds that play an important role in the activity exhibited by the propolis samples. The most relevant peaks influencing the antimicrobial activity of propolis against all bacterial strains were phenolic compounds at RF values of 0.37, 0.40, 0.45, 0.51, 0.60 and 0.70. The knowledge gained through this study could be important for attributing the antimicrobial activity of propolis to specific chemical compounds, as well as the verification of HPTLC fingerprinting as a reliable method for the identification of compounds that are potentially responsible for antimicrobial activity. This is the first report on the activity of Serbian propolis as determined by several combined methods, including the modelling of antimicrobial activity by HPTLC fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Ristivojević
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Trifković
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Berić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Slaviša Stanković
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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