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Na L, Fan F. Advances in nanobubbles for cancer theranostics: Delivery, imaging and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116341. [PMID: 38848778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing treatment efficacy and forecasting patient prognosis in cancer necessitates the strategic use of targeted therapy, coupled with the prompt precise detection of malignant tumors. Theutilizationof gaseous systems as an adaptable platform for creating nanobubbles (NBs) has garnered significant attention as theranostics, which involve combining contrast chemicals typically used for imaging with pharmaceuticals to diagnose and treattumorssynergistically in apersonalizedmanner for each patient. This review specifically examines the utilization of oxygen NBsplatforms as a theranostic weapon in the field of oncology. We thoroughly examine the key factors that impact the effectiveness of NBs preparations and the consequences of these treatment methods. This review extensively examines recent advancements in composition schemes, advanced developments in pre-clinical phases, and other groundbreaking inventions in the area of NBs. Moreover, this review offers a thorough examination of the optimistic future possibilities, addressing prospective methods for improvement and incorporation into widely accepted therapeutic practices. As we explore the ever-changing field of cancer theranostics, the incorporation of oxygen NBs appears as a promising development, providing new opportunities for precision medicine and marking a revolutionary age in cancer research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Na
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Fan Fan
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
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2
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Mokudai T, Kawada M, Tadaki D, Hirano-Iwata A, Kanetaka H, Fujimori H, Takemoto E, Niwano M. Radical generation and bactericidal activity of nanobubbles produced by ultrasonic irradiation of carbonated water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106809. [PMID: 38364483 PMCID: PMC10879770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that nanobubbles (NBs) encapsulating CO2 gas have bactericidal activity due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Yamaguchi et al., 2020). Here, we report that bulk NBs encapsulating CO2 can be efficiently generated by ultrasonically irradiating carbonated water using a piezoelectric transducer with a frequency of 1.7 MHz. The generated NBs were less than 100 nm in size and had a lifetime of 500 h. Furthermore, generation of ROS in the NB suspension was investigated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrometry. The main ROS was found to be the hydroxyl radical, which is consistent with our previous observations. The bactericidal activity lasted for at least one week. Furthermore, a mist generated by atomizing the NB suspension with ultrasonic waves was confirmed to have the same bactericidal activity as the suspension itself. We believe that the strong, persistent bactericidal activity and radical generation phenomenon are unique to NBs produced by ultrasonic irradiation of carbonated water. We propose that entrapped CO2 molecules strongly interact with water at the NB interface to weaken the interface, and high-pressure CO2 gas erupts from this weakened interface to generate ROS with bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Mokudai
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Michi Kawada
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tadaki
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujimori
- Planning & Development Department, Takemoto Yohki Co., Ltd., Tokyo 111-0036, Japan
| | - Emiko Takemoto
- Planning & Development Department, Takemoto Yohki Co., Ltd., Tokyo 111-0036, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Niwano M, Ma T, Iwata K, Tadaki D, Yamamoto H, Kimura Y, Hirano-Iwata A. Two-dimensional water-molecule-cluster layers at nanobubble interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1775-1783. [PMID: 37678082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Bulk nanobubbles (NBs) have high surface charge densities and long lifetimes. Despite several attempts to understand the lifetime of NBs, their interfacial layer structure remains unknown. It is hypothesized that a specific interfacial layer exists with a hydrogen bond network that stabilizes NBs. EXPERIMENTS In situ infrared reflectance-absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory were used to determine the interfacial layer structure of NBs. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine the interfacial layer hardness of bubbles filled with N2, O2, and CO2, which was expected to depend on the encapsulated gas species. FINDINGS The interfacial layer was composed of three-, four-, and five-membered ring clusters of water molecules. An interface model was proposed in which a two-dimensional layer of clusters with large electric dipole moments is oriented toward the endohedral gas, and the hydrophobic surface is adjacent to the free water. The interfacial layer hardness was dependent on the interaction with the gas (N2 > O2 > CO2), which supports the proposed interface model. These findings can be generalized to the structure of water at gas-water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Niwano
- Laboratory for Nano-electronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Teng Ma
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwata
- Faculty of Comprehensive Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi 989-3201, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tadaki
- Laboratory for Nano-electronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Nano-electronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0983, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Laboratory for Nano-electronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan; Faculty of Comprehensive Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi 989-3201, Japan
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Zhong C, Chen J, Ling Y, Liu D, Xu J, Wang L, Ge C, Jiang Q. Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanobubbles Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Multimodal Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2757-2776. [PMID: 37250472 PMCID: PMC10224680 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has always been a clinical difficulty and a research focus. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is highly expressed on the cell membrane of RCC but is not expressed in normal renal tissues. In this study, nanobubbles (NBs) targeting CA IX with ultrasound and photoacoustic multimodal imaging capabilities were prepared to explore a new method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of RCC. Methods Indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded lipid NBs (ICG-NBs) were prepared by using the filming rehydration method, and anti-CA IX polypeptides (ACPs) were attached to their surfaces to prepare CA IX-targeted NBs (ACP/ICG-NBs). The particle size, zeta potential and ICG encapsulation efficiency of these nanobubbles were measured, and their specific targeting and binding abilities to RCC cells were determined. The in vitro and in vivo ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging characteristics of these nanobubbles were also assessed. Results The particle size of the ACP/ICG-NBs was 475.9 nm in diameter, and their zeta potential was -2.65 mV. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry both confirmed that ACP/ICG-NBs had specific binding activity and ideal affinity to CA IX-positive RCC cells (786-O) but not to CA IX-negative RCC cells (ACHN). The intensities of the in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were positively correlated with the concentrations of ACP/ICG-NBs. In in vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging experiments, ACP/ICG-NBs exhibited specific enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects in 786-O xenograft tumors. Conclusion The ICG- and ACP-loaded targeted nanobubbles that we prepared had the capability of ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence multimodal imaging and could specifically enhance the ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of RCC xenograft tumors. This outcome has potential clinical application value for the diagnosis of RCC at the early stage and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
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Liu R, Xu Y, Zhang N, Qu S, Zeng W, Li R, Dai Z. Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Vara Prasad GVVS, Sharma H, Nirmalkar N, Dhar P, Samanta D. Augmenting the Leidenfrost Temperature of Droplets via Nanobubble Dispersion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15925-15936. [PMID: 36508708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Droplets may rebound/levitate when deposited over a hot substrate (beyond a critical temperature) due to the formation of a stable vapor microcushion between the droplet and the substrate. This is known as the Leidenfrost phenomenon. In this article, we experimentally allow droplets to impact the hot surface with a certain velocity, and the temperature at which droplets show the onset of rebound with minimal spraying is known as the dynamic Leidenfrost temperature (TDL). Here we propose and validate a novel paradigm of augmenting the TDL by employing droplets with stable nanobubbles dispersed in the fluid. In this first-of-its-kind report, we show that the TDL can be delayed significantly by the aid of nanobubble-dispersed droplets. We explore the influence of the impact Weber number (We), the Ohnesorge number (Oh), and the role of nanobubble concentration on the TDL. At a fixed impact velocity, the TDL was noted to increase with the increase in nanobubble concentration and decrease with an increase in impact velocity for a particular nanobubble concentration. Finally, we elucidated the overall boiling behaviors of nanobubble-dispersed fluid droplets with the substrate temperature in the range of 150-400 °C against varied impact We through a detailed phase map. These findings may be useful for further exploration of the use of nanobubble-dispersed fluids in high heat flux and high-temperature-related problems and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Neelkanth Nirmalkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab140001, India
| | - Purbarun Dhar
- Hydrodynamics and Thermal Multiphysics Lab (HTML), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal721302, India
| | - Devranjan Samanta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab140001, India
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Reissig F, Zarschler K, Novy Z, Petrik M, Bendova K, Kurfurstova D, Bouchal J, Ludik MC, Brandt F, Kopka K, Khoylou M, Pietzsch HJ, Hajduch M, Mamat C. Modulating the pharmacokinetic profile of Actinium-225-labeled macropa-derived radioconjugates by dual targeting of PSMA and albumin. Theranostics 2022; 12:7203-7215. [PMID: 36438496 PMCID: PMC9691366 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Small 225Ac-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioconjugates have been described for targeted alpha therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Transient binding to serum albumin as a highly abundant, inherent transport protein represents a commonly applied strategy to modulate the tissue distribution profile of such low-molecular-weight radiotherapeutics and to enhance radioactivity uptake into tumor lesions with the ultimate objective of improved therapeutic outcome. Methods: Two ligands mcp-M-alb-PSMA and mcp-D-alb-PSMA were synthesized by combining a macropa-derived chelator with either one or two lysine-ureido-glutamate-based PSMA- and 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyrate albumin-binding entities using multistep peptide-coupling chemistry. Both compounds were labeled with [225Ac]Ac3+ under mild conditions and their reversible binding to serum albumin was analyzed by an ultrafiltration assay as well as microscale thermophoresis measurements. Saturation binding studies and clonogenic survival assays using PSMA-expressing LNCaP cells were performed to evaluate PSMA-mediated cell binding and to assess the cytotoxic potency of the novel radioconjugates [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA and [225Ac]Ac-mcp-D-alb-PSMA, respectively. Biodistributions of both 225Ac-radioconjugates were investigated using LNCaP tumor-bearing SCID mice. Histological examinations of selected organs were performed to analyze the occurrence of necrosis using H&E staining, DNA damage via γH2AX staining and proliferation via Ki67 expression in the tissue samples. Results: Enhanced binding to serum components in general and to human serum albumin in particular was revealed for [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA and [225Ac]Ac-mcp-D-alb-PSMA, respectively. Moreover, the novel derivatives are highly potent PSMA ligands as their KD values in the nanomolar range (23.38 and 11.56 nM) are comparable to the reference radioconjugates [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-PSMA (30.83 nM) and [225Ac]Ac-mcp-D-PSMA (10.20 nM) without albumin binders. The clonogenic activity of LNCaP cells after treatment with the 225Ac-labeled ligands was affected in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas the bivalent radioconjugate [225Ac]Ac-mcp-D-alb-PSMA has a stronger impact on the clonogenic cell survival than its monovalent counterpart [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA. Biodistribution studies performed in LNCaP tumor xenografts showed prolonged blood circulation times for both albumin-binding radioconjugates and a substantially increased tumor uptake (46.04 ± 7.77 %ID/g for [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA at 128 h p.i. and 153.48 ± 37.76 %ID/g at 168 h p.i. for [225Ac]Ac-mcp-D-alb-PSMA) with favorable tumor-to-background ratios. Consequently, a clear histological indication of DNA damage was discovered in the tumor tissues, whereas DNA double-strand break formation in kidney and liver sections was less pronounced. Conclusion: The modification of the PSMA-based 225Ac-radioconjugates with one or two albumin-binding entities resulted in an improved radiopharmacological behavior including a greatly enhanced tumor accumulation combined with a rather low uptake in most non-targeted organs combined with a high excretion via the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Petrik
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Bendova
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kurfurstova
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Hnevotinska 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Hnevotinska 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Charlotte Ludik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Brandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Khoylou
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D‑01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Jugniot N, Massoud TF, Dahl JJ, Paulmurugan R. Biomimetic nanobubbles for triple-negative breast cancer targeted ultrasound molecular imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:267. [PMID: 35689262 PMCID: PMC9185914 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis. Although anatomical imaging figures prominently for breast lesion screening, TNBC is often misdiagnosed, thus hindering early medical care. Ultrasound (US) molecular imaging using nanobubbles (NBs) capable of targeting tumor cells holds great promise for improved diagnosis and therapy. However, the lack of conventional biomarkers in TNBC impairs the development of current targeted agents. Here, we exploited the homotypic recognition of cancer cells to synthesize the first NBs based on TNBC cancer cell membrane (i.e., NBCCM) as a targeted diagnostic agent. We developed a microfluidic technology to synthesize NBCCM based on the self-assembly property of cell membranes in aqueous solutions. In vitro, optimal NBCCM had a hydrodynamic diameter of 683 ± 162 nm, showed long-lasting US contrast enhancements and homotypic affinity. In vivo, we demonstrated that NBCCM showed increased extravasation and retention in a TNBC mouse model compared to non-targeted NBs by US molecular imaging. Peak intensities and areas under the curves from time-intensity plots showed a significantly enhanced signal from NBCCM compared to non-targeted NBs (2.1-fold, P = 0.004, and, 3.6-fold, P = 0.0009, respectively). Immunofluorescence analysis further validated the presence of NBCCM in the tumor microenvironment. Circumventing the challenge for universal cancer biomarker identification, our approach could enable TNBC targeting regardless of tumor tissue heterogeneity, thus improving diagnosis and potentially gene/drug targeted delivery. Ultimately, our approach could be used to image many cancer types using biomimetic NBs prepared from their respective cancer cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jugniot
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA
| | - Jeremy J Dahl
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), and Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA. .,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5427, USA. .,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Rousou C, de Maar J, Qiu B, van der Wurff-Jacobs K, Ruponen M, Urtti A, Oliveira S, Moonen C, Storm G, Mastrobattista E, Deckers R. The Effect of Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound on Molecular Permeability across Cell Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:494. [PMID: 35335871 PMCID: PMC8949944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) has been applied to enhance drug permeability across tissue barriers. Most studies focused on only one physicochemical aspect (i.e., molecular weight of the delivered molecule). Using an in vitro epithelial (MDCK II) cell barrier, we examined the effects of USMB on the permeability of five molecules varying in molecular weight (182 Da to 20 kDa) and hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from 1.5 to highly hydrophilic). Treatment of cells with USMB at increasing ultrasound pressures did not have a significant effect on the permeability of small molecules (molecular weight 259 to 376 Da), despite their differences in hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from -3.2 to 1.5). The largest molecules (molecular weight 4 and 20 kDa) showed the highest increase in the epithelial permeability (3-7-fold). Simultaneously, USMB enhanced intracellular accumulation of the same molecules. In the case of the clinically relevant anti- C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) nanobody (molecular weight 15 kDa), USMB enhanced paracellular permeability by two-fold and increased binding to retinoblastoma cells by five-fold. Consequently, USMB is a potential tool to improve the efficacy and safety of the delivery of drugs to organs protected by tissue barriers, such as the eye and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Rousou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Josanne de Maar
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Kim van der Wurff-Jacobs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (A.U.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Lieutenant Schmidt emb., 11/2, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
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10
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Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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11
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Peng C, Chen M, Spicer JB, Jiang X. Acoustics at the nanoscale (nanoacoustics): A comprehensive literature review.: Part II: Nanoacoustics for biomedical imaging and therapy. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2021; 332:112925. [PMID: 34937992 PMCID: PMC8691754 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, acoustics at the nanoscale (i.e., nanoacoustics) has evolved rapidly with continuous and substantial expansion of capabilities and refinement of techniques. Motivated by research innovations in the last decade, for the first time, recent advancements of acoustics-associated nanomaterials/nanostructures and nanodevices for different applications are outlined in this comprehensive review, which is written in two parts. As part II of this two-part review, this paper concentrates on nanoacoustics in biomedical imaging and therapy applications, including molecular ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery and therapy, and photoacoustic drug delivery and therapy. Firstly, the recent developments of nanosized ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast agents as well as their various imaging applications are examined. Secondly, different types of nanomaterials/nanostructures as nanocarriers for ultrasound and photoacoustic therapies are discussed. Finally, a discussion of challenges and future research directions are provided for nanoacoustics in medical imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mengyue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James B. Spicer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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12
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Hosseindokht M, Bakherad H, Zare H. Nanobodies: a tool to open new horizons in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:580. [PMID: 34717636 PMCID: PMC8557569 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and its incidence has increased dramatically in the last decade. This increase in the detection of this type of cancer is based more on the detection of PSA or PSMA antigens as the most important specific antigens of this cancer, and this early detection has greatly helped in the more optimal treatment of patients. Main body Many methods have been proposed by researchers for early detection of prostate cancer, but most of the methods used today to detect this type of cancer have been using classical antibodies. Although classical antibodies are able to detect tumor cell markers, but instability, large size, costly and laborious production, and random immobility characteristics, causes many problems. Nanobodies or VHHs, which are derived from camel heavy chain antibodies, have special advantages and have eliminated the disadvantages of classical antibodies which makes them attractive to use in biosensors and cancer diagnostic kits. The research that has been done so far shows that the introduced nanobodies are created for the purpose of targeting, detecting and sensing prostate cancer cells with two main purposes. The first is the efficient identification of prostate cancer and the second is the elimination of cancer cells. Conclusion Research shows the use of specific nanobodies against prostate cancer antigens in the design of biosensors and target therapy will be very interesting. In this review article, these nanobodies are introduced and categorized based on their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseindokht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakherad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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13
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14
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Nanobodies Enhancing Cancer Visualization, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189778. [PMID: 34575943 PMCID: PMC8472690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices continue to substantially contribute to the fight against cancer. However, these practices do have some risks, adverse effects and limitations, which can affect patient outcomes. Although antibodies have been developed, successfully used and proven beneficial in various oncology practices, the use of antibodies also comes with certain challenges and limitations (large in size, poor tumor penetration, high immunogenicity and a long half-life). Therefore, it is vital to develop new ways to visualize, diagnose and treat cancer. Nanobodies are novel antigen-binding fragments that possess many advantageous properties (small in size, low immunogenicity and a short half-life). Thus, the use of nanobodies in cancer practices may overcome the challenges experienced with using traditional antibodies. In this review, we discuss (1) the challenges with antibody usage and the superior qualities of nanobodies; (2) the use of antibodies and nanobodies in cancer imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy); and (3) the potential improvements in oncology practices due to the use of nanobodies as compared to antibodies.
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15
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Exner AA, Kolios MC. Bursting Microbubbles: How Nanobubble Contrast Agents Can Enable the Future of Medical Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54:101463. [PMID: 34393610 PMCID: PMC8356903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of medical ultrasound has undergone a significant evolution since the development of microbubbles as contrast agents. However, due to their size, microbubbles remain in the vasculature, and therefore have limited clinical applications. Building a better - and smaller - bubble can expand the applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound by allowing bubbles to extravasate from blood vessels - creating new opportunities. In this review, we summarize recent research on the formulation and use of NBs as imaging agents and as therapeutic vehicles. We discuss the ongoing debates in the field and reluctance to accepting NBs as an acoustically active construct and a potentially impactful clinical tool that can help shape the future of medical ultrasound. We hope that the overview of key experimental and theoretical findings in the NB field presented in this paper provides a fundamental framework that will help clarify NB-ultrasound interactions and inspire engagement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A. Exner
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Ruiz-López E, Schuhmacher AJ. Transportation of Single-Domain Antibodies through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081131. [PMID: 34439797 PMCID: PMC8394617 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies derive from the heavy-chain-only antibodies of Camelidae (camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca, vicuñas, and guananos; i.e., nanobodies) and cartilaginous fishes (i.e., VNARs). Their small size, antigen specificity, plasticity, and potential to recognize unique conformational epitopes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic opportunity for many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a challenge for their delivery into the brain parenchyma. Nevertheless, numerous neurological diseases and brain pathologies, including cancer, result in BBB leakiness favoring single-domain antibodies uptake into the CNS. Some single-domain antibodies have been reported to naturally cross the BBB. In addition, different strategies and methods to deliver both nanobodies and VNARs into the brain parenchyma can be exploited when the BBB is intact. These include device-based and physicochemical disruption of the BBB, receptor and adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, somatic gene transfer, and the use of carriers/shuttles such as cell-penetrating peptides, liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles. Approaches based on single-domain antibodies are reaching the clinic for other diseases. Several tailoring methods can be followed to favor the transport of nanobodies and VNARs to the CNS, avoiding the limitations imposed by the BBB to fulfill their therapeutic, diagnostic, and theragnostic promises for the benefit of patients suffering from CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-López
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto J. Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 500018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wanner N, Eden T, Liaukouskaya N, Koch-Nolte F. Nanobodies: new avenue to treat kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:445-456. [PMID: 34131806 PMCID: PMC8205650 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for renal diseases are limited, and the search for disease-specific treatments is ongoing. Nanobodies, single-domain antibodies with many advantages over conventional antibodies, provide flexible, easy-to-format biologicals with many possible applications. Here, we discuss the potential use of nanobodies for renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eden
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nastassia Liaukouskaya
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Stenberg VY, Juzeniene A, Bruland ØS, Larsen RH. In situ Generated <sup>212</sup>Pb-PSMA Ligand in a <sup>224</sup>Ra-Solution for Dual Targeting of Prostate Cancer Sclerotic Stroma and PSMA-positive Cells. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 13:130-141. [PMID: 32389119 PMCID: PMC7527546 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200511000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: New treatments combating bone and extraskeletal metastases are needed for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The majority of metastases overexpress prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), making it an ideal candidate for targeted radionuclide therapy. Objective: The aim of this study was to test a novel liquid 224Ra/212Pb-generator for the rapid preparation of a dual-alpha targeting solution. Here, PSMA-targeting ligands are labelled with 212Pb in the 224Ra-solution in transient equilibrium with daughter nuclides. Thus, natural bone-seeking 224Ra targeting sclerotic bone metastases and 212Pb-chelated PSMA ligands targeting PSMA-expressing tumour cells are obtained. Methods: Two PSMA-targeting ligands, the p-SCN-Bn-TCMC-PSMA ligand (NG001), specifically developed for chelating 212Pb, and the most clinically used DOTA-based PSMA-617 were labelled with 212Pb. Radiolabelling and targeting potential were investigated in situ, in vitro (PSMA-positive C4-2 human prostate cancer cells) and in vivo (athymic mice bearing C4-2 xenografts). Results: NG001 was rapidly labelled with 212Pb (radiochemical purity >94% at concentrations of ≥15 µg/ml) using the liquid 224Ra/212Pb-generator. The high radiochemical purity and stability of [212Pb]Pb-NG001 were demonstrated over 48 hours in the presence of ascorbic acid and albumin. Similar binding abilities of the 212Pb-labelled ligands were observed in C4-2 cells. The PSMA ligands displayed comparable tumour uptake after 2 hours, but NG001 showed a 3.5-fold lower kidney uptake than PSMA-617. Radium-224 was not chelated and, hence, showed high uptake in bones. Conclusion: A fast method for the labelling of PSMA ligands with 212Pb in the 224Ra/212Pb-solution was developed. Thus, further in vivo studies with dual tumour targeting by alpha-particles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Y Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Nucligen AS, Oslo, Norway,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind S Bruland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Stenberg VY, Larsen RH, Ma LW, Peng Q, Juzenas P, Bruland ØS, Juzeniene A. Evaluation of the PSMA-Binding Ligand 212Pb-NG001 in Multicellular Tumour Spheroid and Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094815. [PMID: 34062920 PMCID: PMC8124365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioligand therapy targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is rapidly evolving as a promising treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The PSMA-targeting ligand p-SCN-Bn-TCMC-PSMA (NG001) labelled with 212Pb efficiently targets PSMA-positive cells in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 212Pb-NG001 in multicellular tumour spheroid and mouse models of prostate cancer. The cytotoxic effect of 212Pb-NG001 was tested in human prostate C4-2 spheroids. Biodistribution at various time points and therapeutic effects of different activities of the radioligand were investigated in male athymic nude mice bearing C4-2 tumours, while long-term toxicity was studied in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The radioligand induced a selective cytotoxic effect in spheroids at activity concentrations of 3–10 kBq/mL. In mice, the radioligand accumulated rapidly in tumours and was retained over 24 h, while it rapidly cleared from nontargeted tissues. Treatment with 0.25, 0.30 or 0.40 MBq of 212Pb-NG001 significantly inhibited tumour growth and improved median survival with therapeutic indexes of 1.5, 2.3 and 2.7, respectively. In BALB/c mice, no signs of long-term radiation toxicity were observed at activities of 0.05 and 0.33 MBq. The obtained results warrant clinical studies to evaluate the biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of 212Pb-NG001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Yuli Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (L.-W.M.); (A.J.)
- Department of Research and Development, Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9012-8434
| | | | - Li-Wei Ma
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (L.-W.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Q.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Petras Juzenas
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Q.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (L.-W.M.); (A.J.)
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20
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González-Gómez R, Pazo-Cid RA, Sarría L, Morcillo MÁ, Schuhmacher AJ. Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1151. [PMID: 33801810 PMCID: PMC8000738 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by current imaging techniques is useful and widely used in the clinic but presents several limitations and challenges, especially in small lesions that frequently cause radiological tumors infra-staging, false-positive diagnosis of metastatic tumor recurrence, and common occult micro-metastatic disease. The revolution in cancer multi-"omics" and bioinformatics has uncovered clinically relevant alterations in PDAC that still need to be integrated into patients' clinical management, urging the development of non-invasive imaging techniques against principal biomarkers to assess and incorporate this information into the clinical practice. "Immuno-PET" merges the high target selectivity and specificity of antibodies and engineered fragments toward a given tumor cell surface marker with the high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques. In this review, we detail and provide examples of the clinical limitations of current imaging techniques for diagnosing PDAC. Furthermore, we define the different components of immuno-PET and summarize the existing applications of this technique in PDAC. The development of novel immuno-PET methods will make it possible to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, whole body immunohistochemistry working like a "virtual biopsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth González-Gómez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Roberto A. Pazo-Cid
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis Sarría
- Digestive Radiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Application of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto J. Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Harmand TJ, Islam A, Pishesha N, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies as in vivo, non-invasive, imaging agents. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:685-701. [PMID: 34212147 PMCID: PMC8190910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging has become in recent years an incredible tool to study biological events and has found critical applications in diagnostic medicine. Although a lot of efforts and applications have been achieved using monoclonal antibodies, other types of delivery agents are being developed. Among them, VHHs, antigen binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, also known as nanobodies, have particularly attracted attention. Indeed, their stability, fast clearance, good tissue penetration, high solubility, simple cloning and recombinant production make them attractive targeting agents for imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT or Infra-Red. In this review, we discuss the pioneering work that has been carried out using VHHs and summarize the recent developments that have been made using nanobodies for in vivo, non-invasive, imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashraful Islam
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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22
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Wang Y, De Leon AC, Perera R, Abenojar E, Gopalakrishnan R, Basilion JP, Wang X, Exner AA. Molecular imaging of orthotopic prostate cancer with nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents targeted to PSMA. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4726. [PMID: 33633232 PMCID: PMC7907080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is routinely used to guide prostate biopsies, yet delineation of tumors within the prostate gland is extremely challenging, even with microbubble (MB) contrast. A more effective ultrasound protocol is needed that can effectively localize malignancies for targeted biopsy or aid in patient selection and treatment planning for organ-sparing focal therapy. This study focused on evaluating the application of a novel nanobubble ultrasound contrast agent targeted to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA-targeted NBs) in ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in vivo using a clinically relevant orthotopic tumor model in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that PSMA-targeted NBs had increased extravasation and retention in PSMA-expressing orthotopic mouse tumors. These processes are reflected in significantly different time intensity curve (TIC) and several kinetic parameters for targeted versus non-targeted NBs or LUMASON MBs. These, may in turn, lead to improved image-based detection and diagnosis of PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Al Christopher De Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Reshani Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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23
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Jugniot N, Bam R, Meuillet EJ, Unger EC, Paulmurugan R. Current status of targeted microbubbles in diagnostic molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10183. [PMID: 33532585 PMCID: PMC7823123 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often associated with a poor prognosis due to silent onset, resistance to therapies, and rapid spreading. Most patients are ineligible for curable surgery as they present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Present diagnostic methods relying on anatomical changes have various limitations including difficulty to discriminate between benign and malignant conditions, invasiveness, the ambiguity of imaging results, or the inability to detect molecular biomarkers of PDAC initiation and progression. Therefore, new imaging technologies with high sensitivity and specificity are critically needed for accurately detecting PDAC and noninvasively characterizing molecular features driving its pathogenesis. Contrast enhanced targeted ultrasound (CETUS) is an upcoming molecular imaging modality that specifically addresses these issues. Unlike anatomical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI, molecular imaging using CETUS is promising for early and accurate detection of PDAC. The use of molecularly targeted microbubbles that bind to neovascular targets can enhance the ultrasound signal specifically from malignant PDAC tissues. This review discusses the current state of diagnostic imaging modalities for pancreatic cancer and places a special focus on ultrasound targeted-microbubble technology together with its clinical translatability for PDAC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jugniot
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of RadiologyMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
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24
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Su C, Ren X, Nie F, Li T, Lv W, Li H, Zhang Y. Current advances in ultrasound-combined nanobubbles for cancer-targeted therapy: a review of the current status and future perspectives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12915-12928. [PMID: 35423829 PMCID: PMC8697319 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-specific distribution, non-selectivity towards cancerous cells, and adverse off-target side effects of anticancer drugs and other therapeutic molecules lead to their inferior clinical efficacy. Accordingly, ultrasound-based targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules loaded in smart nanocarriers is currently gaining wider acceptance for the treatment and management of cancer. Nanobubbles (NBs) are nanosize carriers, which are currently used as effective drug/gene delivery systems because they can deliver drugs/genes selectively to target sites. Thus, combining the applications of ultrasound with NBs has recently demonstrated increased localization of anticancer molecules in tumor tissues with triggered release behavior. Consequently, an effective therapeutic concentration of drugs/genes is achieved in target tumor tissues with ultimately increased therapeutic efficacy and minimal side-effects on other non-cancerous tissues. This review illustrates present developments in the field of ultrasound-nanobubble combined strategies for targeted cancer treatment. The first part of this review discusses the composition and the formulation parameters of NBs. Next, we illustrate the interactions and biological effects of combining NBs and ultrasound. Subsequently, we explain the potential of NBs combined with US for targeted cancer therapeutics. Finally, the present and future directions for the improvement of current methods are proposed. NBs combined with ultrasound demonstrated the ability to enhance the targeting of anticancer agents and improve the efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Su
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - XiaoJun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fang Nie
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wenhao Lv
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Pneumology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
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Zhu Y, Sun Y, Liu W, Guan W, Liu H, Duan Y, Chen Y. Magnetic polymeric nanobubbles with optimized core size for MRI/ultrasound bimodal molecular imaging of prostate cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2901-2916. [PMID: 33300812 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design MRI/ultrasound (US) dual modality imaging probes with optimized size for prostate cancer imaging by targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Materials & methods: The PSMA-targeting polypeptide-nanobubbles (PP-NBs) with core size of 400 and 700 nm were fabricated and evaluated. Results: With excellent physical property and specificity, PP-NBs of both core size could image PSMA expression in prostate cancer xenografts. Particularly, 400 nm PP-NBs generated higher PSMA-specific MRI/US dual modality contrast enhancement than 700 nm PP-NBs in correlation with histopathologic findings. Conclusion: Benefit from the smaller core size, 400 nm PP-NBs had higher permeability and specificity than 700 nm PP-NBs, hence producing better PSMA-specific MRI/US dual modality imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Gettemans J, De Dobbelaer B. Transforming nanobodies into high-precision tools for protein function analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C195-C215. [PMID: 33264078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00435.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies, derived from camelid heavy antibodies (nanobodies) or shark variable new antigen receptors, have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their extremely versatile nature and the opportunities they offer for downstream modification. Discovered more than three decades ago, these 120-amino acid (∼15-kDa) antibody fragments are known to bind their target with high specificity and affinity. Key features of nanobodies that make them very attractive include their single-domain nature, small size, and affordable high-level expression in prokaryotes, and their cDNAs are routinely obtained in the process of their isolation. This facilitates and stimulates new experimental approaches. Hence, it allows researchers to formulate new answers to complex biomedical questions. Through elementary PCR-based technologies and chemical modification strategies, their primary structure can be altered almost at leisure while retaining their specificity and biological activity, transforming them into highly tailored tools that meet the increasing demands of current-day biomedical research. In this review, various aspects of camelid nanobodies are expounded, including intracellular delivery in recombinant format for manipulation of, i.e., cytoplasmic targets, their derivatization to improve nanobody orientation as a capturing device, approaches to reversibly bind their target, their potential as protein-silencing devices in cells, the development of strategies to transfer nanobodies through the blood-brain barrier and their application in CAR-T experimentation. We also discuss some of their disadvantages and conclude with future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brian De Dobbelaer
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Verhaar ER, Woodham AW, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies in cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 52:101425. [PMID: 33272897 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For treatment and diagnosis of cancer, antibodies have proven their value and now serve as a first line of therapy for certain cancers. A unique class of antibody fragments called nanobodies, derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, are gaining increasing acceptance as diagnostic tools and are considered also as building blocks for chimeric antigen receptors as well as for targeted drug delivery. The small size of nanobodies (∼15 kDa), their stability, ease of manufacture and modification for diverse formats, short circulatory half-life, and high tissue penetration, coupled with excellent specificity and affinity, account for their attractiveness. Here we review applications of nanobodies in the sphere of tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha R Verhaar
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew W Woodham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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de Beer MA, Giepmans BNG. Nanobody-Based Probes for Subcellular Protein Identification and Visualization. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573278. [PMID: 33240044 PMCID: PMC7667270 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how building blocks of life contribute to physiology is greatly aided by protein identification and cellular localization. The two main labeling approaches developed over the past decades are labeling with antibodies such as immunoglobulin G (IgGs) or use of genetically encoded tags such as fluorescent proteins. However, IgGs are large proteins (150 kDa), which limits penetration depth and uncertainty of target position caused by up to ∼25 nm distance of the label created by the chosen targeting approach. Additionally, IgGs cannot be easily recombinantly modulated and engineered as part of fusion proteins because they consist of multiple independent translated chains. In the last decade single domain antigen binding proteins are being explored in bioscience as a tool in revealing molecular identity and localization to overcome limitations by IgGs. These nanobodies have several potential benefits over routine applications. Because of their small size (15 kDa), nanobodies better penetrate during labeling procedures and improve resolution. Moreover, nanobodies cDNA can easily be fused with other cDNA. Multidomain proteins can thus be easily engineered consisting of domains for targeting (nanobodies) and visualization by fluorescence microscopy (fluorescent proteins) or electron microscopy (based on certain enzymes). Additional modules for e.g., purification are also easily added. These nanobody-based probes can be applied in cells for live-cell endogenous protein detection or may be purified prior to use on molecules, cells or tissues. Here, we present the current state of nanobody-based probes and their implementation in microscopy, including pitfalls and potential future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit A de Beer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Ferraro G, Jadhav AJ, Barigou M. A Henry's law method for generating bulk nanobubbles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15869-15879. [PMID: 32696779 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for generating bulk nanobubble suspensions has been developed based on Henry's law which states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. This principle which forms the basis of vacuum degasification has been exploited here to produce stable bulk nanobubbles in excess of 109 bubble mL-1 in pure water, through successive expansion/compression strokes inside a sealed syringe. We provide evidence that the observed nano-entities must be gas-filled nanobubbles by showing that: (i) they cannot be attributed to organic or inorganic impurities; (ii) they disappear gradually over time whilst their mean size remains unchanged; (iii) their number density depends on the concentration of dissolved gas in water and its solubility; and (iv) added sparging of gas enhances process yield. We study the properties of these nanobubbles including the effects of type of dissolved gas, water pH and the presence of different valence salts on their number density and stability. Given the potential of the technique for large scale production of nanobubble suspensions, we describe a successfully tested automated model and outline the basis for process scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferraro
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Wang Y, Lan M, Shen D, Fang K, Zhu L, Liu Y, Hao L, Li P. Targeted Nanobubbles Carrying Indocyanine Green for Ultrasound, Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4289-4309. [PMID: 32606678 PMCID: PMC7306459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting, indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) for multimodal (ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence) imaging of prostate cancer. Methods The mechanical oscillation method was used to prepare ICG-loaded photoacoustic NBs (ICG NBs). Then, PSMA-binding peptides were connected to the surface of ICG NBs using the biotin–avidin method to make targeted photoacoustic NBs, namely, PSMAP/ICG NBs. Their particle sizes, zeta potentials, and in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were examined. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the binding ability of the PSMAP/ICG NBs to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, C4-2 cells, and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. The multimodal imaging effects of PSMAP/ICG NBs and ICG NBs were compared in nude mouse tumor xenografts. Results The particle size of the PSMAP/ICG NBs was approximately 457.7 nm, and the zeta potential was approximately −23.5 mV. Both confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that the PSMAP/ICG NBs could specifically bind to both LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but they rarely bound to PC-3 cells. The ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging intensities of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in vitro positively correlated with their concentrations. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts were significantly enhanced compared with those in PC-3 tumor xenografts, which were characterized by a significantly increased duration of ultrasound enhancement and heightened photoacoustic signal intensity (P < 0.05). Fluorescence imaging showed that PSMAP/ICG NBs could accumulate in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts for a relatively long period. Conclusion The targeted photoacoustic nanobubbles prepared in this study can specifically bind to PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells and have the ability to enhance ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of PSMA-positive tumor xenografts. Photoacoustic imaging could visually display the intensity of the red photoacoustic signal in the tumor region, providing a more intuitive imaging modality for targeted molecular imaging. This study presents a potential multimodal contrast agent for the accurate diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daijia Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Hao
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ma T, Kimura Y, Yamamoto H, Feng X, Hirano-Iwata A, Niwano M. Characterization of Bulk Nanobubbles Formed by Using a Porous Alumina Film with Ordered Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5067-5072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0914, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xingyao Feng
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 149-1 Kunimi-ga-oka, Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
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Winter G, Koch ABF, Löffler J, Lindén M, Solbach C, Abaei A, Li H, Glatting G, Beer AJ, Rasche V. Multi-Modal PET and MR Imaging in the Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) Model for Initial in Vivo Testing of Target-Specific Radioligands. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051248. [PMID: 32429233 PMCID: PMC7281765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The validation of novel target-specific radioligands requires animal experiments mostly using mice with xenografts. A pre-selection based on a simpler in vivo model would allow to reduce the number of animal experiments, in accordance with the 3Rs principles (reduction, replacement, refinement). In this respect, the chick embryo or hen’s egg test–chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) model is of special interest, as it is not considered an animal until day 17. Thus, we evaluated the feasibility of quantitative analysis of target-specific radiotracer accumulation in xenografts using the HET-CAM model and combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For proof-of-principle we used established prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive and PSMA-negative prostate cancer xenografts and the clinically widely used PSMA-specific PET-tracer [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Tracer accumulation was quantified by PET and tumor volumes measured with MRI (n = 42). Moreover, gamma-counter analysis of radiotracer accumulation was done ex-vivo. A three- to five-fold higher ligand accumulation in the PSMA-positive tumors compared to the PSMA-negative tumors was demonstrated. This proof-of-principle study shows the general feasibility of the HET-CAM xenograft model for target-specific imaging with PET and MRI. The ultimate value for characterization of novel target-specific radioligands now has to be validated in comparison to mouse xenograft experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.B.F.K.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (A.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (V.R.); Tel.: +49-731-500-61364 (G.W.); +49-731-500-45014 (V.R.)
| | - Andrea B. F. Koch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.B.F.K.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.B.F.K.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (A.J.B.)
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Mika Lindén
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Christoph Solbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.B.F.K.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Hao Li
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (H.L.)
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Ambros J. Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.B.F.K.); (J.L.); (C.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (H.L.)
- Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (V.R.); Tel.: +49-731-500-61364 (G.W.); +49-731-500-45014 (V.R.)
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Perera RH, de Leon A, Wang X, Wang Y, Ramamurthy G, Peiris P, Abenojar E, Basilion JP, Exner AA. Real time ultrasound molecular imaging of prostate cancer with PSMA-targeted nanobubbles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102213. [PMID: 32348874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with microbubbles has shown promise in detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but sensitivity and specificity remain challenging. Targeted nanoscale-contrast agents with improved capability to accumulate in tumors may result in prolonged signal enhancement and improved detection of PCa with ultrasound. Here we report nanobubbles (NB) that specifically targets prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed in PCa. The PSMA-targeted-NB (PSMA-NB) were utilized to simultaneously image dual-flank PCa (PSMA-positive PC3pip and PSMA-negative PC3flu) to examine whether the biomarker can be successfully detected and imaged in a mouse model. Results demonstrate that active targeting rapidly and selectively enhances tumor accumulation and tumor retention. Importantly, these processes could be visualized and quantified, in real-time, with clinical ultrasound. Such demonstration of the immense yet underutilized potential of ultrasound in the molecular imaging area can open the door to future opportunities for improving sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection using parametric NB-enhanced ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshani H Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Gopal Ramamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Pubudu Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Stenberg VY, Juzeniene A, Chen Q, Yang X, Bruland ØS, Larsen RH. Preparation of the alpha-emitting prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted radioligand [ 212 Pb]Pb-NG001 for prostate cancer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:129-143. [PMID: 31919866 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the most promising target for radioligand therapy of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to prepare a small molecular ligand p-SCN-Bn-TCMC-PSMA (NG001) and compare it with the commonly used DOTA-based PSMA-617. The PSMA-targeting ability of the 212 Pb-labelled ligands was evaluated using PSMA-positive C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. Lead-212 is an in vivo generator of alpha particles by its daughter nuclides 212 Bi and 212 Po. NG001 was synthesized by conjugating the isothiocyanato group of p-SCN-Bn-TCMC to the amino group of a glutamate-urea-based PSMA-binding entity. Molecular size, chelator unit and chelator linking method are different in NG001 and PSMA-617. Both ligands were efficiently labelled with 212 Pb using a 224 Ra/212 Pb-solution generator in transient equilibrium with progeny. Lead-212-labelled NG001 was purified with a yield of 85.9±4.7% and with 0.7±0.2% of 224 Ra. Compared with [212 Pb]Pb-PSMA-617, [212 Pb]Pb-NG001 displayed a similar binding and internalization in C4-2 cells, with comparable tumour uptake in mice bearing C4-2 tumours, but almost a 2.5-fold lower kidney uptake. Due to the rapid normal tissue clearance and tumour cell internalization, any significant translocalization of 212 Bi was not detected in mice. In conclusion, the obtained results warrant further preclinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of [212 Pb]Pb-NG001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Yuli Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Nucligen AS, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qingqi Chen
- Department of Drug Synthesis, MedKoo Biosciences, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Drug Synthesis, MedKoo Biosciences, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zhao X, Ning Q, Mo Z, Tang S. A promising cancer diagnosis and treatment strategy: targeted cancer therapy and imaging based on antibody fragment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3621-3630. [PMID: 31468992 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1657875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the arrival of the precision medicine and personalized treatment era, targeted therapy that improves efficacy and reduces side effects has become the mainstream approach of cancer treatment. Antibody fragments that further enhance penetration and retain the most critical antigen-specific binding functions are considered the focus of research targeting cancer imaging and therapy. Thanks to the superior penetration and rapid blood clearance of antibody fragments, antibody fragment-based imaging agents enable efficient and sensitive imaging of tumour sites. In tumour-targeted therapy, antibody fragments can directly inhibit tumour proliferation and growth, serve as an ideal carrier for delivery of anti-tumour drugs, or manipulate the immune system to eliminate tumour cells. In this review, the excellent physicochemical properties and the basic structure of antibody fragments are expressly depicted depicted, the progress of antibody fragments in cancer therapy and imaging are thoroughly summarized, and the future development of antibody fragments is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhao
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China , Hengyang , China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China , Hengyang , China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
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Klibanov AL. Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Cancer: Design and Formulation Strategies of Targeted Contrast Agents. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:319-336. [PMID: 32594391 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas-filled particles (microbubbles) can be prepared and stabilized for intravascular use as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. Microbubbles are used in clinics as blood pool contrast materials for the past two decades. Shell of these bubbles is made of biocompatible and biodegradable lipids, proteins, and/or polymers. Gas core is air, or, lately, a perfluorinated gas, poorly soluble in water and blood. Making them useful for molecular targeting and molecular imaging in oncology is accomplished by decorating the shell of these particles with targeting ligands, that will selectively bind to the specific markers of tumor vasculature. In this review we discuss the formulation strategy for microbubble preparation, the logic of bubble shell selection, coupling tools that are used for the attachment of targeting ligands, and examples of the application of gas-filled bubbles for molecular imaging in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division (Department of Medicine), Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Feng Y, Yang F, Zhou X, Guo Y, Tang F, Ren F, Guo J, Ji S. A Deep Learning Approach for Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Based Prostate Cancer Detection. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 16:1794-1801. [PMID: 29993750 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2835444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The important role of angiogenesis in cancer development has driven many researchers to investigate the prospects of noninvasive cancer diagnosis based on the technology of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. This paper presents a deep learning framework to detect prostate cancer in the sequential CEUS images. The proposed method uniformly extracts features from both the spatial and the temporal dimensions by performing three-dimensional convolution operations, which captures the dynamic information of the perfusion process encoded in multiple adjacent frames for prostate cancer detection. The deep learning models were trained and validated against expert delineations over the CEUS images recorded using two types of contrast agents, i.e., the anti-PSMA based agent targeted to prostate cancer cells and the non-targeted blank agent. Experiments showed that the deep learning method achieved over 91 percent specificity and 90 percent average accuracy over the targeted CEUS images for prostate cancer detection, which was superior ( ) than previously reported approaches and implementations.
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Afsharzadeh M, Hashemi M, Babaei M, Abnous K, Ramezani M. PEG‐PLA nanoparticles decorated with small‐molecule PSMA ligand for targeted delivery of galbanic acid and docetaxel to prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4618-4630. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Afsharzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Maryam Babaei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Hanssens H, D'Huyvetter M, Raes G, Goyvaerts C, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7772-7791. [PMID: 31695800 PMCID: PMC6831473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short‐lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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Nirmalkar N, Pacek AW, Barigou M. Interpreting the interfacial and colloidal stability of bulk nanobubbles. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9643-9656. [PMID: 30457138 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper elucidates parts of the mystery behind the interfacial and colloidal stability of the novel bubble system of bulk nanobubbles. Stable bulk nanobubble suspensions have been generated in pure water using hydrodynamic cavitation in a high-pressure microfluidic device. The effects of pH adjustment, addition of different types of surfactant molecules and salts on the nanobubble suspensions have been studied. Results show that nanobubble interfaces in pure water are negatively charged, suggesting the formation of an electric double layer around the nanobubbles. It is presumed that the external electrostatic pressure created by the charged nanobubble interface, balances the internal Laplace pressure; therefore, no net diffusion of gas occurs at equilibrium and the nanobubbles are stable. Such stability increases with increasing alkalinity of the suspending medium. The addition of mono- and multi-valent salts leads to the screening of the electric double layer, hence, destabilizing the nanobubbles. Different surfactant molecules (non-ionic, anionic, cationic) affect the stability of bulk nanobubbles in different ways. Calculations based on the DLVO theory predict a stable colloidal system for bulk nanobubbles in pure water and this could be a further reason for their observed longevity. All in all, in pure water, the long-term stability of bulk nanobubbles seems to be caused by a combination of ion-stabilisation of their interface against dissolution and colloidal stability of the suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nirmalkar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Nirmalkar N, Pacek AW, Barigou M. On the Existence and Stability of Bulk Nanobubbles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10964-10973. [PMID: 30179016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bulk nanobubbles are a novel type of nanoscale bubble system. Because of their extraordinary behavior, however, their existence is not widely accepted. In this paper, we shed light on the hypothesis that bulk nanobubbles do exist, they are filled with gas, and they survive for long periods of time, challenging present theories. An acoustic cavitation technique has been used to produce bulk nanobubbles in pure water in relatively large numbers approaching 109 bubble·mL-1 with a typical diameter of 100-120 nm. We provide multiple evidence that the nanoentities observed in suspension are nanobubbles given that they disappear after freezing and thawing of the suspensions, their nucleation rate depends strongly on the amount of air dissolved in water, and they gradually disappear over time. The bulk nanobubble suspensions were stable over periods of many months during which time the mean diameter remained unchanged, suggesting the absence of significant bubble coalescence, bubble breakage, or Ostwald ripening effects. Measurements suggest that these nanobubbles are negatively charged and their zeta potential does not vary over time. The presence of such a constant charge on the nanobubble surfaces is probably responsible for their stability. The effects of pH, salt, and surfactant addition on their colloidal stability are similar to those reported in the literature for solid nanoparticle suspensions, that is, nanobubbles are more stable in an alkaline medium than in an acidic one; the addition of salt to a nanobubble suspension drives the negative zeta potential toward zero, thus reducing the repulsive electrostatic forces between nanobubbles; and the addition of an anionic surfactant increases the magnitude of the negative zeta potential, thus improving nanobubble electrostatic stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nirmalkar
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - A W Pacek
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - M Barigou
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
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Zlitni A, Gambhir SS. Molecular imaging agents for ultrasound. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:113-120. [PMID: 29631121 PMCID: PMC6609297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) imaging is a safe, sensitive and affordable imaging modality with a wide usage in the clinic. US signal can be further enhanced by using echogenic contrast agents (UCAs) which amplify the US signal. Developments in UCAs which are targeted to sites of disease allow the use of US imaging to provide molecular information. Unfortunately, traditional UCAs are too large to leave the vascular space limiting the application of molecular US to intravascular markers. In this mini review, we highlight the most recent reports on the application of molecular US imaging in the clinic and summarize the latest nanoparticle platforms used to develop nUCAs. We believe that the highlighted technologies will have a great impact on the evolution of the US imaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Zlitni
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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de Leon A, Perera R, Nittayacharn P, Cooley M, Jung O, Exner AA. Ultrasound Contrast Agents and Delivery Systems in Cancer Detection and Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 139:57-84. [PMID: 29941107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is the second most utilized imaging modality in the world because it is widely accessible, robust, and safe. Aside from its extensive use in diagnostic imaging, ultrasound has also been frequently utilized in therapeutic applications. Particularly, when combined with appropriate delivery systems, ultrasound provides a flexible platform for simultaneous real-time imaging and triggered release, enabling precise, on-demand drug delivery to target sites. This chapter will discuss the basics of ultrasound including its mechanism of action and how it can be used to trigger the release of encapsulated drug either through thermal or cavitation effects. Fundamentals of ultrasound contrast agents, how they enhance ultrasound signals, and how they can be modified to function as carriers for triggered and targeted release of drugs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Reshani Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pinunta Nittayacharn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michaela Cooley
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Olive Jung
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Tang W, Yang Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Song J, Yu G, Fan W, Dai Y, Wang J, Shan L, Niu G, Fan Q, Chen X. Organic Semiconducting Photoacoustic Nanodroplets for Laser-Activatable Ultrasound Imaging and Combinational Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2610-2622. [PMID: 29451774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Combination of photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging offers high spatial resolution images with deep tissue penetration, which shows great potential in applications in medical imaging. Development of PA/US dual-contrast agents with high contrast and excellent biocompatibility is of great interest. Herein, an organic semiconducting photoacoustic nanodroplet, PS-PDI-PAnD, is developed by stabilizing low-boiling-point perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplet with a photoabsorber and photoacoustic agent of perylene diimide (PDI) molecules and coencapsulating the droplet with photosensitizers of ZnF16Pc molecules. Upon irradiation, the PDI acts as an efficient photoabsorber to trigger the liquid-to-gas phase transition of the PFC, resulting in dual-modal PA/US imaging contrast as well as photothermal heating. On the other hand, PFC can serve as an O2 reservoir to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in cancer therapies, especially in photodynamic therapy. The encapsulated photosensitizers will benefit from the sustained oxygen release from the PFC, leading to promoted photodynamic efficacy regardless of pre-existing hypoxia in the tumors. When intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice, the PS-PDI-PAnDs show a high tumor accumulation via EPR effect. With a single 671 nm laser irradiation, the PS-PDI-PAnDs exhibit a dual-modal PA/US imaging-guided synergistic photothermal and oxygen self-enriched photodynamic treatment, resulting in complete tumor eradication and minimal side effects. The PS-PDI-PAnDs represents a type of PFC nanodroplets for synergistic PDT/PTT treatment upon a single laser irradiation, which is expected to hold great potential in the clinical translation in dual-modal PA/US imaging-guided combinational cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Sheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Lingling Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
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Zhou Z, Chitneni SK, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Fluorine-18 labeling of an anti-HER2 VHH using a residualizing prosthetic group via a strain-promoted click reaction: Chemistry and preliminary evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29534937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated a HER2-specific single domain antibody fragment (sdAb) 2Rs15d labeled with 18F via conjugation of a residualizing prosthetic agent that was synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In order to potentially increase overall efficiency and decrease the time required for labeling, we now investigate the use of a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between the 2Rs15d sdAb, which had been pre-derivatized with an azide-containing residualizing moiety, and an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d and a nonspecific sdAb R3B23 were pre-conjugated with a moiety containing both azide- and guanidine functionalities. The thus derivatized sdAbs were radiolabeled with 18F using an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative ([18F]F-ADIBO) via SPAAC, generating the desired conjugate ([18F]RL-II-sdAb). For comparison, unmodified 2Rs15d was labeled with N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB), the prototypical residualizing agent for radioiodination. Radiochemical purity (RCP), immunoreactive fraction (IRF), HER2-binding affinity and cellular uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were assessed in vitro. Paired label biodistribution of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, and microPET/CT imaging of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and the [18F]RL-II-R3B23 control sdAb were performed in nude mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts. A radiochemical yield of 23.9 ± 6.9% (n = 8) was achieved for the SPAAC reaction between [18F]F-ADIBO and azide-modified 2Rs15d and the RCP of the labeled sdAb was >95%. The affinity (Kd) and IRF for the binding of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d to HER2 were 5.6 ± 1.3 nM and 73.1 ± 22.5% (n = 3), respectively. The specific uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d by HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells in vitro was 14-17% of the input dose at 1, 2, and 4 h, slightly higher than seen for co-incubated [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. The uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d in SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h and 2 h p.i. were 5.54 ± 0.77% ID/g and 6.42 ± 1.70% ID/g, respectively, slightly higher than those for co-administered [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d (4.80 ± 0.78% ID/g and 4.78 ± 1.39% ID/g). MicroPET/CT imaging with [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d at 1-3 h p.i. clearly delineated SKOV-3 tumors while no significant accumulation of activity in tumor was seen for [18F]RL-II-R3B23. With the exception of kidneys, normal tissue levels for [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were low and cleared rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first time SPAAC method has been used to label an sdAb with 18F, especially with residualizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Gu F, Hu C, Xia Q, Gong C, Gao S, Chen Z. Aptamer-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new targeted ultrasound contrast agent for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:303. [PMID: 30524190 PMCID: PMC6244773 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is primarily important for the therapeutic and prognostic outcomes of malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the visuality and veracity of ultrasound imaging for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PCa remains poor at present. In this study, we developed a new nanoultrasound contrast agent by modifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and anti-PSMA aptamer. The result showed that the modified MWCNTs offered better visuality and veracity and were able to target PCa cells more effectively as compared with the traditional contrast agent. The zeta potential was about - 38 mv. The length of this contrast agent was about 400 nm and the diameter of it was about 30 nm. The zeta potential, TEM, and FT-IR all proved the successful preparation of the agent. The vitro cytological study revealed good cell uptake and biocompatibility of the new contrast agent. The minimum detection concentration in vitro is 10 μg/ml. The earliest stage of the detection was under the parameters of frequency = 6.0 MHz and medical index = 0.06. Both in vitro and in vivo ultrasound imaging demonstrated that the new nanoultrasound contrast agent had a good development effect, distribution, and metabolism, and may prove to be a good targeted ultrasound contrast agent, especially for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chuling Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2468, Central ring road, Jiaxing, 314000 China
| | - Qingming Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, No. 200, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050 China
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Wang JP, Zhou XL, Yan JP, Zheng RQ, Wang W. Nanobubbles as ultrasound contrast agent for facilitating small cell lung cancer imaging. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78153-78162. [PMID: 29100457 PMCID: PMC5652846 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to investigate whether liposome-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) have the potentials to carry anti-pro-gastrin releasing peptide (proGRP) antibody and enhance ultrasound imaging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods NBs were loaded with an antibody against SCLC (H446 cell line). A nude mouse model of SCLC tumor was established by a subcutaneous injection of tumor cell suspension in the dorsal skin. Images for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of xenograft tumors in the model were obtained through an intravenous injection of blank and targeting NBs. Results The targeted NBs showed a high binding affinity (90.2 ± 3.24%) of the H446 cells in vitro as compared to the blank NBs that have no affinity of the cells. In process of tumor imaging, no mice died of the NB application. CEUS imaging of the targeted NBs manifested significant increases in half-peak time, area under the curve and peak intensity as compared to the blank NBs. In the model of SCLC, treatment with targeting NBs resulted in a large amount of fluorescent dye accumulated in the tumor tissue but not the liver tissue. Conclusion Our results indicate that NBs can carry antibody traveling to the SCLC cells, whereas application of NBs is safe and reliable in serving as ultrasound contrast agents for improving SCLC imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhou
- Radiation Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Radiation and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ji-Ping Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong-Qin Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhu L, Guo Y, Wang L, Fan X, Xiong X, Fang K, Xu D. Construction of ultrasonic nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides to target carcinoma cells derived from various organs. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28962657 PMCID: PMC5622542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound molecular imaging is a novel diagnostic approach for tumors, whose key link is the construction of targeted ultrasound contrast agents. However, available targeted ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging of tumors are only achieving imaging in blood pool or one type tumor. No targeted ultrasound contrast agents have realized targeted ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor parenchymal cells in a variety of solid tumors so far. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is highly expressed on cell membranes of various malignant solid tumors, so it’s a good target for ultrasound molecular imaging. Here, targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides for targeted binding to a variety of malignant tumors were constructed, and targeted binding ability and ultrasound imaging effect in different types of tumors were evaluated. Results The mean diameter of lipid targeted nanobubbles was (503.7 ± 78.47) nm, and the polypeptides evenly distributed on the surfaces of targeted nanobubbles, which possessed the advantages of homogenous particle size, high stability, and good safety. Targeted nanobubbles could gather around CAIX-positive cells (786-O and Hela cells), while they cannot gather around CAIX-negative cells (BxPC-3 cells) in vitro, and the affinity of targeted nanobubbles to CAIX-positive cells were significantly higher than that to CAIX-negative cells (P < 0.05). Peak intensity and duration time of targeted nanobubbles and blank nanobubbles were different in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues in vivo (P < 0.05). Moreover, targeted nanobubbles in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues produced higher peak intensity and longer duration time than those in CAIX-negative transplanted tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Finally, immunofluorescence not only confirmed targeted nanobubbles could pass through blood vessels to enter in tumor tissue spaces, but also clarified imaging differences of targeted nanobubbles in different types of transplanted tumor tissues. Conclusions Targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides can specifically enhance ultrasound imaging in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues and could potentially be used in early diagnosis of a variety of solid tumors derived from various organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Güvener N, Appold L, de Lorenzi F, Golombek SK, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Recent advances in ultrasound-based diagnosis and therapy with micro- and nanometer-sized formulations. Methods 2017; 130:4-13. [PMID: 28552267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used imaging methods in the clinic. The broad spectrum of its applications can be increased by the use of gas-filled microbubbles (MB) as ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). In recent years, also nanoscale UCA like nanobubbles (NB), echogenic liposomes (ELIP) and nanodroplets have been developed, which in contrast to MB, are able to extravasate from the vessels into the tissue. New disease-specific UCA have been designed for the assessment of tissue biomarkers and advanced US to a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, specific binding moieties were coupled to the UCA surface. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and P-/E-selectin are prominent examples of molecular US targets to visualize tumor blood vessels and inflammatory diseases, respectively. Besides their application in contrast-enhanced imaging, MB can also be employed for drug delivery to tumors and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the development of micro- and nanoscaled UCA and highlights recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which are ready for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Güvener
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Federica de Lorenzi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Zlitni A, Yin M, Janzen N, Chatterjee S, Lisok A, Gabrielson KL, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG, Foster FS, Valliant JF. Development of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted ultrasound microbubbles using bioorthogonal chemistry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176958. [PMID: 28472168 PMCID: PMC5417523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted microbubbles (MBs) were developed using bioorthogonal chemistry. Streptavidin-labeled MBs were treated with a biotinylated tetrazine (MBTz) and targeted to PSMA expressing cells using trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized anti-PSMA antibodies (TCO-anti-PSMA). The extent of MB binding to PSMA positive cells for two different targeting strategies was determined using an in vitro flow chamber. The initial approach involved pretargeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was first incubated with PSMA expressing cells and followed by MBTz, which subsequently showed a 2.8 fold increase in the number of bound MBs compared to experiments performed in the absence of TCO-anti-PSMA. Using direct targeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was linked to MBTz prior to initiation of the assay, a 5-fold increase in binding compared to controls was observed. The direct targeting approach was subsequently evaluated in vivo using a human xenograft tumor model and two different PSMA-targeting antibodies. The US signal enhancements observed were 1.6- and 5.9-fold greater than that for non-targeted MBs. The lead construct was also evaluated in a head-to-head study using mice bearing both PSMA positive or negative tumors in separate limbs. The human PSMA expressing tumors exhibited a 2-fold higher US signal compared to those tumors deficient in human PSMA. The results demonstrate both the feasibility of preparing PSMA-targeted MBs and the benefits of using bioorthogonal chemistry to create targeted US probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Zlitni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Yin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - F Stuart Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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