1
|
Gotoh H, Chimhanda TA, Nomura T, Ono K. STAT3 transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes related to glycogen metabolism in developing motor neurons. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2940-2951. [PMID: 36050761 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Motor neurons in the spinal cord are essential for movement. During the embryonic period, developing motor neurons store glycogen to protect against hypoglycemic and hypoxic stress. However, the mechanisms by which glycogen metabolism is regulated in motor neurons remain unclear. We herein investigated the transcriptional regulation of genes related to glycogen metabolism in the developing spinal cord. We focused on the regulatory mechanism of glycogen synthase (Gys1) and glycogen phosphorylase brain isoform (PygB), which play central roles in glycogen metabolism, and found that the transcription factor STAT3 regulated the expression of Gys1 and PygB via cis-regulatory promoter sequences in the developing spinal cord. These results suggest that STAT3 is important for the regulation of glycogen metabolism during motor neuron development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Gotoh
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto city, Kyoto, 603-0823, Japan
| | - Tatenda Alois Chimhanda
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto city, Kyoto, 603-0823, Japan.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto city, Kyoto, 603-0823, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Inamori Memorial Building, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto city, Kyoto, 603-0823, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dion V, Schumacher N, Masar N, Pieltain A, Tocquin P, Lesoinne P, Malgrange B, Vandenbosch R, Franzen R. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 contributes to myelin maintenance in the adult central nervous system and promotes myelin gene expression. Glia 2022; 70:1652-1665. [PMID: 35488490 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation, developmental myelination and myelin maintenance in adulthood are complex and still not completely described. Their understanding is crucial for the development of new protective or therapeutic strategies in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. In this perspective, we have investigated the role of Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (Cdk7), a kinase involved in cell-cycle progression and transcription regulation, in the oligodendroglial lineage. We generated a conditional knock-out mouse model in which Cdk7 is invalidated in post-mitotic oligodendrocytes. At the end of developmental myelination, the number and diameter of myelinated axons, as well as the myelin structure, thickness and protein composition, were normal. However, in young adult and in aged mice, there was a higher number of small caliber myelinated axons associated with a decreased mean axonal diameter, myelin sheaths of large caliber axons were thinner, and the level of some major myelin-associated proteins was reduced. These defects were accompanied by the appearance of an abnormal clasping phenotype. We also used an in vitro oligodendroglial model and showed that Cdk7 pharmacological inhibition led to an altered myelination-associated morphological modification combined with a decreased expression of myelin-specific genes. Altogether, we identified novel functions for Cdk7 in CNS myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dion
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Schumacher
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Masar
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Pieltain
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tocquin
- CARE PhytoSYSTEMS, Integrative Biological Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lesoinne
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA Stem Cells & GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA Stem Cells & GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Histology, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fiskum V, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Silencing of Activity During Hypoxia Improves Functional Outcomes in Motor Neuron Networks in vitro. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:792863. [PMID: 34975426 PMCID: PMC8716921 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.792863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of hypoxia, or reduced oxygen supply, to brain tissue can be disastrous, leading to extensive loss of function. Deoxygenated tissue becomes unable to maintain healthy metabolism, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of calcium homoeostasis, with damaging downstream effects. Neurons are a highly energy demanding cell type, and as such they are highly sensitive to reductions in oxygenation and some types of neurons such as motor neurons are even more susceptible to hypoxic damage. In addition to the immediate deleterious effects hypoxia can have on neurons, there can be delayed effects which lead to increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), even if no immediate consequences are apparent. Furthermore, impairment of the function of various hypoxia-responsive factors has been shown to increase the risk of developing several neurodegenerative disorders. Longitudinal assessment of electrophysiological network activity is underutilised in assessing the effects of hypoxia on neurons and how their activity and communication change over time following a hypoxic challenge. This study utilised multielectrode arrays and motor neuron networks to study the response to hypoxia and the subsequent development of the neuronal activity over time, as well as the effect of silencing network activity during the hypoxic challenge. We found that motor neuron networks exposed to hypoxic challenge exhibited a delayed fluctuation in multiple network activity parameters compared to normoxic networks. Silencing of activity during the hypoxic challenge leads to maintained bursting activity, suggesting that functional outcomes are better maintained in these networks and that there are activity-dependent mechanisms involved in the network damage following hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Fiskum
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head, and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
PIEŠOVÁ M, KOPRDOVÁ R, UJHÁZY E, KRŠKOVÁ L, OLEXOVÁ L, MOROVÁ M, SENKO T, MACH M. Impact of Prenatal Hypoxia on the Development and Behavior of the Rat Offspring. Physiol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy development of the fetus depends on the exact course of pregnancy and delivery. Therefore, prenatal hypoxia remains between the greatest threats to the developing fetus. Our study aimed to assess the impact of prenatal hypoxia on postnatal development and behavior of the rats, whose mothers were exposed to hypoxia (10.5 % O2) during a critical period of brain development on GD20 for 12 h. This prenatal insult resulted in a delay of sensorimotor development of hypoxic pups compared to the control group. Hypoxic pups also had lowered postnatal weight which in males persisted up to adulthood. In adulthood, hypoxic males showed anxiety-like behavior in the OF, higher sucrose preference, and lower levels of grimace scale (reflecting the degree of negative emotions) in the immobilization chamber compared to the control group. Moreover, hypoxic animals showed hyperactivity in EPM and LD tests, and hypoxic females had reduced sociability compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results indicate a possible relationship between prenatal hypoxia and changes in sociability, activity, and impaired emotion regulation in ADHD, ASD, or anxiety disorders. The fact that changes in observed parameters are manifested mostly in males confirms that male sex is more sensitive to prenatal insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M PIEŠOVÁ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - R KOPRDOVÁ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - E UJHÁZY
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L KRŠKOVÁ
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - L OLEXOVÁ
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M MOROVÁ
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - T SENKO
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M MACH
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barhwal KK, Biswal S, Chandra Nag T, Chaurasia OP, Hota SK. Class switching of carbonic anhydrase isoforms mediates remyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons during chronic hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:102-114. [PMID: 33035636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to hypoxia results in cerebral white matter hyperintensities, increased P300 latency, delayed response and impairment in working memory. Despite burgeoning evidence on role of myelination in nerve conduction, the effect of chronic hypoxia on myelination of hippocampal neurons has been less studied. The present study provides novel evidence on alterations in myelination of hippocampal CA3 neurons following chronic hypoxic exposure. Sprague Dawley rats exposed to global hypobaric hypoxia simulating altitude of 25,000 ft showed progressive demyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons on 14 days followed by remyelination on 21 and 28 days. The demyelination of CA3 neurons was associated with increased apoptosis of both oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), peroxidation of myelin lipids, and nitration induced reduced expression of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CAII). Prolonged hypoxic exposure of 21 and 28 days on the other hand resulted in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) induced upregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase IV (CAIV) expression in mature oligodendrocytes through iNOS mediated mechanisms along with reduction in lipid peroxidation and remyelination. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity on the other hand prevented remyelination of CA3 neurons. Based on these findings we propose a novel iNOS mediated mechanism for regulation of myelination in hypoxic hippocampal neurons through class switching of carbonic anhydrases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kumari Barhwal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India; Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Om Prakash Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Hota
- O/o Director General (Life Sciences), DRDO Head Quarters, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi, 110011, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamdy N, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Animal models for neonatal brain injury induced by hypoxic ischemic conditions in rodents. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113457. [PMID: 32889009 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and resulting encephalopathies are of significant concern. Intrapartum asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death globally. Among surviving infants, there remains a high incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, manifesting as mild conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and debilitating disorders such as cerebral palsy. Various animal models of neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been implemented to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of novel therapeutic strategies, and characterize the functional and behavioural correlates of injury. Each of the animal models has individual advantages and limitations. The present review looks at several widely-used and alternative rodent models of neonatal hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia; it highlights their strengths and limitations, and their potential for continued and improved use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernandez-Gerez E, Dall'Angelo S, Collinson JM, Fleming IN, Parson SH. Widespread tissue hypoxia dysregulates cell and metabolic pathways in SMA. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1580-1593. [PMID: 32790171 PMCID: PMC7480929 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine the extent and role of systemic hypoxia in the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS Hypoxia was assayed in vivo in early-symptomatic (postnatal day 5) SMA-model mice by pimonidazole and [18 F]-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside injections, which accumulate in hypoxic cells, followed by immunohistochemistry and tracer biodistribution evaluation. Glucose uptake in hypoxic cells was assayed by [18 F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose labeling. In vitro knockdown of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) was performed on motor neurons and lactate metabolism measured biochemically, whereas cell cycle progression and cell death were assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS All assays found significant levels of hypoxia in multiple organ systems in early symptomatic SMA mouse pups, except aerated tissues such as skin and lungs. This was accompanied by significantly increased glucose uptake in many affected organs, consistent with a metabolic hypoxia response. SMN protein levels were shown to vary widely between motor neuron precursors in vitro, and those with lower levels were most susceptible to cell death. In addition, SMA-model motor neurons were particularly sensitive to hypoxia, with reduced ability to transport lactate out of the cell in hypoxic culture, and a failure in normal cell cycle progression. INTERPRETATION Not only is there widespread tissue hypoxia and multi-organ cellular hypoxic response in SMA model mice, but SMA-model motor neurons are especially susceptible to that hypoxia. The data support the hypothesis that vascular defects leading to hypoxia are a significant contributor to disease progression in SMA, and offer a route for combinatorial, non-SMN related therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hernandez-Gerez
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jon M Collinson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Simon H Parson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Swier VJ, White KA, Meyerholz DK, Chefdeville A, Khanna R, Sieren JC, Quelle DE, Weimer JM. Validating indicators of CNS disorders in a swine model of neurological disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228222. [PMID: 32074109 PMCID: PMC7029865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified swine disease models are becoming increasingly important for studying molecular, physiological and pathological characteristics of human disorders. Given the limited history of these model systems, there remains a great need for proven molecular reagents in swine tissue. Here, to provide a resource for neurological models of disease, we validated antibodies by immunohistochemistry for use in examining central nervous system (CNS) markers in a recently developed miniswine model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition disorder stemming from mutations in NF1, a gene that encodes the Ras-GTPase activating protein neurofibromin. Patients classically present with benign neurofibromas throughout their bodies and can also present with neurological associated symptoms such as chronic pain, cognitive impairment, and behavioral abnormalities. As validated antibodies for immunohistochemistry applications are particularly difficult to find for swine models of neurological disease, we present immunostaining validation of antibodies implicated in glial inflammation (CD68), oligodendrocyte development (NG2, O4 and Olig2), and neuron differentiation and neurotransmission (doublecortin, GAD67, and tyrosine hydroxylase) by examining cellular localization and brain region specificity. Additionally, we confirm the utility of anti-GFAP, anti-Iba1, and anti-MBP antibodies, previously validated in swine, by testing their immunoreactivity across multiple brain regions in mutant NF1 samples. These immunostaining protocols for CNS markers provide a useful resource to the scientific community, furthering the utility of genetically modified miniswine for translational and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience; College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cavarsan CF, Gorassini MA, Quinlan KA. Animal models of developmental motor disorders: parallels to human motor dysfunction in cerebral palsy. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1238-1253. [PMID: 31411933 PMCID: PMC6766736 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00233.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children. Much of the previous research on CP has focused on reducing the severity of brain injuries, whereas very few researchers have investigated the cause and amelioration of motor symptoms. This research focus has had an impact on the choice of animal models. Many of the commonly used animal models do not display a prominent CP-like motor phenotype. In general, rodent models show anatomically severe injuries in the central nervous system (CNS) in response to insults associated with CP, including hypoxia, ischemia, and neuroinflammation. Unfortunately, most rodent models do not display a prominent motor phenotype that includes the hallmarks of spasticity (muscle stiffness and hyperreflexia) and weakness. To study motor dysfunction related to developmental injuries, a larger animal model is needed, such as rabbit, pig, or nonhuman primate. In this work, we describe and compare various animal models of CP and their potential for translation to the human condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa F Cavarsan
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katharina A Quinlan
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fragopoulou AF, Qian Y, Heijtz RD, Forssberg H. Can Neonatal Systemic Inflammation and Hypoxia Yield a Cerebral Palsy-Like Phenotype in Periadolescent Mice? Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6883-6900. [PMID: 30941732 PMCID: PMC6728419 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common childhood-onset motor disabilities, attributed to injuries of the immature brain in the foetal or early postnatal period. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, rendering prevention and treatment strategies challenging. The aim of the present study was to establish a mouse model of CP for preclinical assessment of new interventions. For this purpose, we explored the impact of a double neonatal insult (i.e. systemic inflammation combined with hypoxia) on behavioural and cellular outcomes relevant to CP during the prepubertal to adolescent period of mice. Pups were subjected to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections from postnatal day (P) 3 to P6 followed by hypoxia at P7. Gene expression analysis at P6 revealed a strong inflammatory response in a brain region-dependent manner. A comprehensive battery of behavioural assessments performed between P24 and P47 showed impaired limb placement and coordination when walking on a horizontal ladder in both males and females. Exposed males also displayed impaired performance on a forelimb skilled reaching task, altered gait pattern and increased exploratory activity. Exposed females showed a reduction in grip strength and traits of anxiety-like behaviour. These behavioural alterations were not associated with gross morphological changes, white matter lesions or chronic inflammation in the brain. Our results indicate that the neonatal double-hit with LPS and hypoxia can induce subtle long-lasting deficits in motor learning and fine motor skills, which partly reflect the symptoms of children with CP who have mild gross and fine motor impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adamantia F Fragopoulou
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rochellys Diaz Heijtz
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,INSERM U1239, University of Rouen Normandy, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hans Forssberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang LQ, Chen M, Zhang JL, Ren DL, Hu B. Hypoxia Delays Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Migration and Myelin Formation by Suppressing Bmp2b Signaling in Larval Zebrafish. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:348. [PMID: 30337858 PMCID: PMC6180284 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in newborns tends to result in developmental deficiencies in the white matter of the brain. As previous studies of the effects of hypoxia on neuronal development in rodents and human infants have been unable to use in vivo imaging, insight into the dynamic development of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system under hypoxia is limited. Here, we developed a visual model to study OL development using sublethal postnatal hypoxia in zebrafish larvae. We observed that hypoxia significantly suppressed OL progenitor cell migration toward the dorsum using in vivo imaging. Further, we found that hypoxia affected myelination, as indicated by thinner myelin sheaths and by a downregulation of myelin basic protein expression. Bmp2b protein expression was also significantly downregulated following hypoxia onset. Using gain of function and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that the Bmp2b protein was associated with the regulation of OL development. Thus, our work provides a visual hypoxia model within which to observe OL development in vivo, and reveals the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Qing Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun L, Xia L, Wang M, Zhu D, Wang Y, Bi D, Song J, Ma C, Gao C, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhu C, Xing Q. Variants of the OLIG2 Gene are Associated with Cerebral Palsy in Chinese Han Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 21:75-84. [PMID: 30178266 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of neurological disability among young children. Congenial and adverse perinatal clinical conditions, such as genetic factors, perinatal infection, and asphyxia, are risk factors for CP. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is a protein that is expressed in brain oligodendrocyte cells and is involved in neuron repair after brain injury. In this study, we employed a Chinese Han cohort of 763 CP infants and 738 healthy controls to study the association of OLIG2 gene polymorphisms with CP. We found marginal association of the SNP rs6517135 with CP (p = 0.044) at the genotype level, and the association was greatly strengthened when we focused on the subgroup of CP infants who suffered from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after birth, with p = 0.003 (OR = 0.558) at the allele level and p = 0.007 at the genotype level, indicating a risk-associated role of the T allele of the SNP rs6517135 under HIE conditions. The haplotype CTTG for rs6517135-rs1005573-rs6517137-rs9653711 in OLIG2 was also significantly associated with the occurrence of CP in infants with HIE (p = 0.01, OR = 0.521). Our results indicate that in the Han Chinese population, the polymorphisms of OLIG2 were associated with CP, especially in patients who had suffered HIE injury. This finding could be used to develop personalized care for infants with high susceptibility to CP.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Asian People/genetics
- Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications
- Case-Control Studies
- Cerebral Palsy/etiology
- Cerebral Palsy/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications
- Infant
- Infant, Low Birth Weight
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/genetics
- Male
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/deficiency
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/genetics
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2/physiology
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology
- Risk
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingtai Wang
- Nursing School, Sias International University, Zhengzhou, 451150, China
| | - Dengna Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Child Rehabilitation Center, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yangong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqian Street 7, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affeldt BM, Obenaus A, Chan J, Pardo AC. Region specific oligodendrocyte transcription factor expression in a model of neonatal hypoxic injury. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bethann M. Affeldt
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaRiverside, 1140 Bachelor HallRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
| | - Andrea C. Pardo
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geraets RD, Langin LM, Cain JT, Parker CM, Beraldi R, Kovacs AD, Weimer JM, Pearce DA. A tailored mouse model of CLN2 disease: A nonsense mutant for testing personalized therapies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176526. [PMID: 28464005 PMCID: PMC5413059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, result from mutations in over a dozen genes. Although, adults are susceptible, the NCLs are frequently classified as pediatric neurodegenerative diseases due to their greater pediatric prevalence. Initial clinical presentation usually consists of either seizures or retinopathy but develops to encompass both in conjunction with declining motor and cognitive function. The NCLs result in premature death due to the absence of curative therapies. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical trials exist for various therapies. However, the genotypes of NCL animal models determine which therapeutic approaches can be assessed. Mutations of the CLN2 gene encoding a soluble lysosomal enzyme, tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), cause late infantile NCL/CLN2 disease. The genotype of the original mouse model of CLN2 disease, Cln2-/-, excludes mutation guided therapies like antisense oligonucleotides and nonsense suppression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a model of CLN2 disease that allows for the assessment of all therapeutic approaches. Nonsense mutations in CLN2 disease are frequent, the most common being CLN2R208X. Thus, we created a mouse model that carries a mutation equivalent to the human p.R208X mutation. Molecular assessment of Cln2R207X/R207X tissues determined significant reduction in Cln2 transcript abundance and TPP1 enzyme activity. This reduction leads to the development of neurological impairment (e.g. tremors) and neuropathology (e.g. astrocytosis). Collectively, these assessments indicate that the Cln2R207X/R207X mouse is a valid CLN2 disease model which can be used for the preclinical evaluation of all therapeutic approaches including mutation guided therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Geraets
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Logan M. Langin
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Camille M. Parker
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Rosanna Beraldi
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Attila D. Kovacs
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - David A. Pearce
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Somers E, Lees RD, Hoban K, Sleigh JN, Zhou H, Muntoni F, Talbot K, Gillingwater TH, Parson SH. Vascular Defects and Spinal Cord Hypoxia in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:217-30. [PMID: 26506088 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a major inherited cause of infant death worldwide. It results from mutations in a single, ubiquitously expressed gene (SMN1), with loss of lower motor neurons being the primary pathological signature. Systemic defects have also been reported in SMA patients and animal models. We investigated whether defects associated with the vasculature contribute to motor neuron pathology in SMA. METHODS Development and integrity of the capillary bed was examined in skeletal muscle and spinal cord of SMA mice, and muscle biopsies from SMA patients and controls, using quantitative morphometric approaches on immunohistochemically labeled tissue. Pimonidazole hydrochloride-based assays were used to identify functional hypoxia. RESULTS The capillary bed in muscle and spinal cord was normal in presymptomatic SMA mice (postnatal day 1), but failed to match subsequent postnatal development in control littermates. At mid- and late-symptomatic time points, the extent of the vascular architecture observed in two distinct mouse models of SMA was ∼50% of that observed in control animals. Skeletal muscle biopsies from human patients confirmed the presence of developmentally similar, significant vascular depletion in severe SMA. Hypovascularity in SMA mouse spinal cord was accompanied by significant functional hypoxia and defects in the blood-spinal cord barrier. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that vascular defects are a major feature of severe forms of SMA, present in both mouse models and patients, resulting in functional hypoxia of motor neurons. Thus, abnormal vascular development and resulting hypoxia may contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh Somers
- Center for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Center for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Lees
- Center for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Hoban
- Center for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James N Sleigh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Center, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Center, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Center for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Center for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon H Parson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Center for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|