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Lauro B, MacGregor-Fors I. Patterns of Avian Diversity for a Maritime Ecosystem at Orient Beach State Park on Long Island, New York. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/045.029.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brook Lauro
- Deparment of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Science, Collins College of Professional Studies, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439
| | - Ian MacGregor-Fors
- Department of Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140, Finland
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2
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Tortorella G, Prashar A, Vassolo R, Cawley Vergara AM, Godinho Filho M, Samson D. Boosting the impact of knowledge management on innovation performance through industry 4.0 adoption. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14778238.2022.2108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Tortorella
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- IAE Business School, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Production Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Vassolo
- IAE Business School, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Moacir Godinho Filho
- EM Normandie, Metis Lab, EM Normandie Business School, Caen, France
- Department of Production Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Samson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Kutnik P, Borys M, Buszewicz G, Piwowarczyk P, Osak M, Teresiński G, Czuczwar M. Serum Ketone Levels May Correspond with Preoperative Body Weight Loss in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Single-Center, Prospective, Observational Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116573. [PMID: 35682159 PMCID: PMC9180013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although nutritional-risk scoring systems allow the determination of the patient’s malnutrition at admission, additional tools might be useful in some clinical scenarios. Previous medical history could be unavailable in unconscious or demented patients. This study aimed to assess the ketone bodies serum levels in patients undergoing elective surgeries and to determine the possible correlation between ketone bodies serum levels and preoperative body weight loss. The study included 21 patients who underwent elective surgery. Hyperketonemia, defined as ketone bodies over 1 mmol/L, was observed in seven (33.3%) patients. Patients with hyperketonemia had significantly higher preoperative percentage body weight loss (p = 0.04) and higher nutritional risk scores prior to surgery (p = 0.04). Serum glucose and the percentage of body weight loss were associated with increased ketone bodies serum levels (Odds Ratios: 0.978 (0.961–0.996, p = 0.019) and 1.222 (1.0–1.492, p = 0.05), respectively). A significant linear correlation was found between the percentage of body weight loss and both ketones bodies (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.02) and albumin serum levels (r2 = 0.19, p = 0.04). Our study’s results might suggest a positive association between preoperative body weight loss and ketone bodies serum levels. The observation between increased ketone bodies serum levels in patients and preoperative body mass loss merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kutnik
- II Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Borys
- II Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Paweł Piwowarczyk
- II Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Osak
- Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Czuczwar
- II Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (M.C.)
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Low L, Suleiman K, Shamdas M, Bassilious K, Poonit N, Rossiter AE, Acharjee A, Loman N, Murray PI, Wallace GR, Rauz S. Gut Dysbiosis in Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:780354. [PMID: 35493740 PMCID: PMC9046938 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.780354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid is an orphan multi-system autoimmune scarring disease involving mucosal sites, including the ocular surface (OcMMP) and gut. Loss of tolerance to epithelial basement membrane proteins and generation of autoreactive T cell and/or autoantibodies are central to the disease process. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the development of the immune system. Alteration in the gut microbiome (gut dysbiosis) affects the generation of autoreactive T cells and B cell autoantibody repertoire in several autoimmune conditions. This study examines the relationship between gut microbiome diversity and ocular inflammation in patients with OcMMP by comparing OcMMP gut microbiome profiles with healthy controls. DNA was extracted from faecal samples (49 OcMMP patients, 40 healthy controls), amplified for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina Miseq platform. Sequencing reads were processed using the bioinformatics pipeline available in the mothur v.1.44.1 software. After adjusting for participant factors in the multivariable model (age, gender, BMI, diet, proton pump inhibitor use), OcMMP cohort was found to be associated with lower number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon Diversity Index when compared to healthy controls. Within the OcMMP cohort, the number of OTUs were found to be significantly correlated with both the bulbar conjunctival inflammation score (p=0.03) and the current use of systemic immunotherapy (p=0.02). The linear discriminant analysis effect size scores indicated that Streptococcus and Lachnoclostridium were enriched in OcMMP patients whilst Oxalobacter, Clostridia uncultured genus-level group (UCG) 014, Christensenellaceae R-7 group and butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Oscillospiraceae UCG 003, 005, NK4A214 group were enriched in healthy controls (Log10 LDA score < 2, FDR-adjusted p <0.05). In conclusion, OcMMP patients have gut dysbiosis correlating with bulbar conjunctival inflammation and the use of systemic immunotherapies. This provides a framework for future longitudinal deep phenotyping studies on the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of OcMMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Low
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kusy Suleiman
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohith Shamdas
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kerolos Bassilious
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natraj Poonit
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda E. Rossiter
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service (NHS), Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Loman
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip I. Murray
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Wallace
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Saaeha Rauz,
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5
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Uchida M, Pathak A, Motoki K. Smelling speech sounds: Association of odors with texture‐related ideophones. J SENS STUD 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Uchida
- Department of Food Science and Business Miyagi University Sendai Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Motoki
- Department of Food Science and Business Miyagi University Sendai Japan
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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Marchese P, Garzoli L, Young R, Allcock L, Barry F, Tuohy M, Murphy M. Fungi populate deep-sea coral gardens as well as marine sediments in the Irish Atlantic Ocean. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4168-4184. [PMID: 33939869 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi populate deep Oceans in extreme habitats characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature and absence of sunlight. Marine fungi are potential major contributors to biogeochemical events, critical for marine communities and food web equilibrium under climate change conditions and a valuable source of novel extremozymes and small molecules. Despite their ecophysiological and biotechnological relevance, fungal deep-sea biodiversity has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we describe the culturable mycobiota associated with the deepest margin of the European Western Continental Shelf: sediments sampled at the Porcupine Bank and deep-water corals and sponges sampled in the Whittard Canyon. Eighty-seven strains were isolated, belonging to 43 taxa and mainly Ascomycota. Ten species and four genera were detected for the first time in the marine environment and a possible new species of Arachnomyces was isolated from sediments. The genera Cladosporium and Penicillium were the most frequent and detected on both substrates, followed by Candida and Emericellopsis. Our results showed two different fungal communities: sediment-associated taxa which were predominantly saprotrophic and animal-associated taxa which were predominantly symbiotic. This survey supports selective fungal biodiversity in the deep North Atlantic, encouraging further mycological studies on cold water coral gardens, often overexploited marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Marchese
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Laura Garzoli
- MEG-Molecular Ecology Group, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, 28922, Italy
| | - Ryan Young
- Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Louise Allcock
- Martin Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Maria Tuohy
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
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Narayanamurthy G, Tortorella G. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on employee performance - Moderating role of industry 4.0 base technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 2021; 234:108075. [PMID: 36569040 PMCID: PMC9759299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has implied significant changes in the way service organizations work, affecting employees' routine and activities. At the same time, the advent of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) introduced new technologies that might facilitate such activities, mitigating the COVID-19's implications. The objective of this research is two-fold. First, we aim at examining the impact of COVID-19's work implications on employees' performance (i.e. output quality and delivery). Second, we seek to verify the moderating role of I4.0 base technologies on this relationship. We surveyed 106 employees of different service organizations who have been working remotely during the pandemic and analyzed their responses through multivariate techniques. Results revealed that COVID-19's work implications (i.e. home office work environment, job insecurity and virtual connection) do impact employee's performance, although not at the same extent. Further, we found that I4.0 technologies moderate the enhancement of employee's performance. However, the orientation and intensity of such moderation may vary according to the performance metric and work implication under analysis. As COVID-19 outbreak inevitably pushed new ways of working that can become an integral part of the post-pandemic world, our research provides important theoretical and practical implications for improving employee's performance through the digitalization of service organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Tortorella
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Covino M, De Matteis G, Franceschi F. Authors' reply to: Comment to better understanding of the study "Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged ≥80 years". Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:1094. [PMID: 33012104 PMCID: PMC7675683 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Covino
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Matteis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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9
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Barnes RSK. Do different sympatric seagrasses support macrobenthic faunas of differing composition, abundance, biodiversity or patchiness? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:104983. [PMID: 32907721 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macrobenthic assemblages associated with monospecific areas of different sympatric though not syntopic seagrasses [Cymodocea, Halodule, Zostera and Halophila] were investigated in Moreton Bay across a continuous <0.12 ha seagrass area with minimal potentially-confounding environmental variables. Results indicated patterns of unchanging faunal metrics across seagrass types (abundance, richness, diversity, evenness, taxonomic distinctness, and patchiness) but variation in relative proportions of dominant taxa, particularly microgastropods (abundant in Zostera, insignificant in Cymodocea and Halodule). Although assemblage composition varied, faunal dissimilarities (except with Zostera) were very low and of similar magnitudes within and between different 'host' seagrasses. This suggests that such macroecological faunal characteristics are not consequent on the precise local ecosystem engineer but largely reflect those of a common pool of locally available species, so that the differences in animal abundance and biodiversity described in some studies relate not directly to features inherent in the different seagrasses, but to associated habitat variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S K Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Aagaard-Sørensen S. Impact of drill cutting releases on benthic foraminifera at three exploration wells drilled between 1992 and 2012 in the SW Barents Sea, Norway. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110784. [PMID: 31910527 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the environmental impact of drill cuttings (DC) released around three wells drilled in 1992, 2000 and 2012 in the SW Barents Sea. Foraminiferal assemblages are studied in cores taken along transects <250 m from wells. Well E-1992 shows no impact of DC on foraminifera indicating that low amounts of released DC limit environmental impact. Impact at wells G-2000 and S-2012, is confined to <30 m, and attributable to smothering of fauna, resulting in low foraminiferal density. We therefore argue that previous monitoring studies, mainly focusing on samples collected >250 m from wellheads, might not capture the full impact of DC. In well G-2000, a recovery layer indicates partial recovery 15 years after DC releases. In well S-2012, no recovery is observed, 3 years after release. Released DC did not result in faunal composition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Dijkstra
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Steffen Aagaard-Sørensen
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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11
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Benoist NM, Morris KJ, Bett BJ, Durden JM, Huvenne VA, Le Bas TP, Wynn RB, Ware SJ, Ruhl HA. Monitoring mosaic biotopes in a marine conservation zone by autonomous underwater vehicle. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1174-1186. [PMID: 30859604 PMCID: PMC6850053 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The number of marine protected areas (MPAs) has increased dramatically in the last decade and poses a major logistic challenge for conservation practitioners in terms of spatial extent and the multiplicity of habitats and biotopes that now require assessment. Photographic assessment by autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) enables the consistent description of multiple habitats, in our case including mosaics of rock and sediment. As a case study, we used this method to survey the Greater Haig Fras marine conservation zone (Celtic Sea, northeast Atlantic). We distinguished 7 biotopes, detected statistically significant variations in standing stocks, species density, species diversity, and faunal composition, and identified significant indicator species for each habitat. Our results demonstrate that AUV-based photography can produce robust data for ecological research and practical marine conservation. Standardizing to a minimum number of individuals per sampling unit, rather than to a fixed seafloor area, may be a valuable means of defining an ecologically appropriate sampling unit. Although composite sampling represents a change in standard practice, other users should consider the potential benefits of this approach in conservation studies. It is broadly applicable in the marine environment and has been successfully implemented in deep-sea conservation and environmental impact studies. Without a cost-effective method, applicable across habitats, it will be difficult to further a coherent classification of biotopes or to routinely assess their conservation status in the rapidly expanding global extent of MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie M.A. Benoist
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Kirsty J. Morris
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Brian J. Bett
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Jennifer M. Durden
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of HawaiiHonoluluHI96822U.S.A.
| | - Veerle A.I. Huvenne
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Tim P. Le Bas
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Russell B. Wynn
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Suzanne J. Ware
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceLowestoftNR33 0HTU.K.
| | - Henry A. Ruhl
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
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12
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Simon‐Lledó E, Bett BJ, Huvenne VAI, Schoening T, Benoist NMA, Jones DOB. Ecology of a polymetallic nodule occurrence gradient: Implications for deep-sea mining. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2019; 64:1883-1894. [PMID: 31598009 PMCID: PMC6774340 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abyssal polymetallic nodule fields constitute an unusual deep-sea habitat. The mix of soft sediment and the hard substratum provided by nodules increases the complexity of these environments. Hard substrata typically support a very distinct fauna to that of seabed sediments, and its presence can play a major role in the structuring of benthic assemblages. We assessed the influence of seafloor nodule cover on the megabenthos of a marine conservation area (area of particular environmental interest 6) in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (3950-4250 m water depth) using extensive photographic surveys from an autonomous underwater vehicle. Variations in nodule cover (1-20%) appeared to exert statistically significant differences in faunal standing stocks, some biological diversity attributes, faunal composition, functional group composition, and the distribution of individual species. The standing stock of both the metazoan fauna and the giant protists (xenophyophores) doubled with a very modest initial increase in nodule cover (from 1% to 3%). Perhaps contrary to expectation, we detected little if any substantive variation in biological diversity along the nodule cover gradient. Faunal composition varied continuously along the nodule cover gradient. We discuss these results in the context of potential seabed-mining operations and the associated sustainable management and conservation plans. We note in particular that successful conservation actions will likely require the preservation of areas comprising the full range of nodule cover and not just the low cover areas that are least attractive to mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Simon‐Lledó
- National Oceanography CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Brian J. Bett
- National Oceanography CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Timm Schoening
- Marine Geosystems Working Group, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean ResearchKielGermany
| | - Noelie M. A. Benoist
- National Oceanography CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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13
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Yong ZZ, Tan GHC, Shannon N, Chia C, Teo MCC. P.R.O.P.S. - A novel Pre-Operative Predictive Score for unresectability in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases being considered for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:138. [PMID: 31391066 PMCID: PMC6686533 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty to thirty percent of planned cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC) procedures are abandoned intra-operatively. Pre-operative factors associated with unresectability identified previously were used to develop a Pre-Operative Predictive Score (PROPS), which was compared with current selection criteria—Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (PSDSS), Verwaal’s Prognostic Score (PS) and Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Prognostic Surgical Score (COMPASS), to determine which score provides the best prediction for unresectability. Methods Fifty-six patients with peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin were included. Beta-coefficient values of significant variables (p < 0.05) were determined from multivariate analysis to develop PROPS. PROPS, PSDSS, PS and COMPASS were compared using a receiver operating characteristic curve to calculate its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results PROPS consisted of nine patient and tumour factors which were categorised into three groups: (i) poor tumour biology: previous inadequate resection, underwent multiple lines of chemotherapy and poorly differentiated or signet cell histology; (ii) heavy tumour burden: abdominal distension, palpable abdominal mass and computed tomography findings of ascites, small bowel disease and/or omental thickening; and (iii) active tumour proliferation: elevated tumour markers. Overall, PROPS achieved 86% accuracy with 100% sensitivity and 68% specificity, PSDSS achieved 85% accuracy with 100% sensitivity and 63% specificity, PS achieved 73% accuracy with 100% sensitivity and 68% specificity and COMPASS achieved 61% accuracy with 27% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions PROPS is more effective in predicting unresectability as compared to PSDSS, PS and COMPASS, and has the added advantage of using solely pre-operative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zihui Yong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Grace Hwei Ching Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Shannon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Claramae Chia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Melissa Ching Ching Teo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
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Abstract
Beta diversity, the compositional variation among communities or assemblages, is crucial to understanding the principles of diversity assembly. The mean pairwise proportional dissimilarity expresses overall heterogeneity of samples in a data set and is among the most widely used and most robust measures of beta diversity. Obtaining a complete list of taxa and their abundances requires substantial taxonomic expertise and is time consuming. In addition, the information is generally incomplete due to sampling biases. Based on the concept of the ecological significance of dominant taxa, we explore whether determining proportional dissimilarity can be simplified based on dominant species. Using simulations and six case studies, we assess the correlation between complete community compositional data and reduced subsets of a varying number of dominant species. We find that gross beta diversity is usually depicted accurately when only the 80th percentile or five of the most abundant species of each site is considered. In data sets with very high evenness, at least the 10 most abundant species should be included. Focusing on dominant species also maintains the rank-order of beta diversity among sites. Our new approach will allow ecologists and paleobiologists to produce a far greater amount of data on diversity patterns with less time and effort, supporting conservation studies and basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Julie Roden
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Section Palaeobiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ádám T Kocsis
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Section Palaeobiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Zuschin
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Section Palaeobiology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Aagaard-Sørensen S, Junttila J, Dijkstra N. Identifying past petroleum exploration related drill cutting releases and influences on the marine environment and benthic foraminiferal communities, Goliat Field, SW Barents Sea, Norway. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:592-608. [PMID: 29074252 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present multiproxy investigation of marine sediment cores aims at: 1) Identifying dispersion of petroleum exploration related drill cutting releases within the Goliat Field, Barents Sea in 2006/07 and 2) Assessing past and present influence of drill cuttings on the marine environment. The cores were recovered 5, 30, 60, 125 and 250m from the drill site in the eastward downstream direction. Downstream dispersion of drill cuttings is evaluated by examining sediment grain size distribution and barium (Ba), heavy metal, total organic carbon and sulphur concentrations. Dispersion of drill cuttings was limited to <125m east from the drill site. Influence of drill cutting releases on the marine environment is assessed via microfaunal analysis of primarily calcareous benthic foraminifera. The findings suggest contemporaneous physical smothering at ≤30m from the drill site, with a natural fauna reestablishing after drilling cessation indicating no long-term effect of drill cutting releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Aagaard-Sørensen
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Noortje Dijkstra
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Aagaard-Sørensen S. Environmental baselines and reconstruction of Atlantic Water inflow in Bjørnøyrenna, SW Barents Sea, since 1800 CE. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 132:117-131. [PMID: 29129397 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations, sediment properties and benthic foraminiferal assemblages were investigated in sediment cores in the SW Barents Sea, to reconstruct environmental baselines and natural variability of Atlantic Water inflow since 1800 CE. Metal concentrations correspond to no effect levels and do not influence the foraminifera. Increased Hg and Pb was linked to inflow of Atlantic Water. The data set is considered to reflect the pre-impacted environmental baseline and range in natural variability of the study area. The foraminiferal assemblages in the SW part of the study area showed warming and presence of Atlantic Water towards 1900 CE. The NE part of the region indicate presence of cold Artic Water influenced conditions. Between 1900 and 1980 CE, the SW region indicates reduced inflow of Atlantic Water. From 1980 CE towards the present the assemblages of the entire study area show warming of Atlantic Water and northward retreat of the Arctic Front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Dijkstra
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steffen Aagaard-Sørensen
- Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Postboks 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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17
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Dijkstra N, Junttila J, Skirbekk K, Carroll J, Husum K, Hald M. Benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of chemical and physical stressors in Hammerfest harbor (Northern Norway). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:384-396. [PMID: 27697319 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated benthic foraminiferal assemblages in contaminated sediments in a subarctic harbor of Northern Norway to assess their utility as indicators of anthropogenic impacts. Sediments in the harbor are repositories for POPs and heavy metals supplied through discharges from industry and shipping activities. Sediment contaminant concentrations are at moderate to poor ecological quality status (EcoQS) levels. The EcoQS based on benthic foraminiferal diversity reflects a similar trend to the EcoQS based on contaminant concentrations. Foraminiferal density and diversity is low throughout the harbor with distinct assemblages reflecting influence of physical disturbances or chemical stressors. Assemblages impacted by physical disturbance are dominated by L. lobatula and E. excavatum, while assemblages impacted by chemical stressors are dominated by opportunistic species S. fusiformis, S. biformis, B. spathulata and E. excavatum. The foraminiferal assemblage from an un-impacted nearby fjord consists mainly of agglutinated taxa. These assemblages provides a valuable baseline of the ecological impacts of industrialization in northern coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Dijkstra
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Department of Geology, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Juho Junttila
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Department of Geology, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kari Skirbekk
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Department of Geology, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - JoLynn Carroll
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Department of Geology, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway; CAGE - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katrine Husum
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten Hald
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Department of Geology, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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