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Meng R, Du X, Ge K, Wu C, Zhang Z, Liang X, Yang J, Zhang H. Does climate change increase the risk of marine toxins? Insights from changing seawater conditions. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03784-5. [PMID: 38795135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Marine toxins produced by marine organisms threaten human health and impose a heavy public health burden on coastal countries. Lately, there has been an emergence of marine toxins in regions that were previously unaffected, and it is believed that climate change may be a significant factor. This paper systematically summarizes the impact of climate change on the risk of marine toxins in terms of changes in seawater conditions. From our findings, climate change can cause ocean warming, acidification, stratification, and sea-level rise. These climatic events can alter the surface temperature, salinity, pH, and nutrient conditions of seawater, which may promote the growth of various algae and bacteria, facilitating the production of marine toxins. On the other hand, climate change may expand the living ranges of marine organisms (such as algae, bacteria, and fish), thereby exacerbating the production and spread of marine toxins. In addition, the sources, distribution, and toxicity of ciguatoxin, tetrodotoxin, cyclic imines, and microcystin were described to improve public awareness of these emerging marine toxins. Looking ahead, developing interdisciplinary cooperation, strengthening monitoring of emerging marine toxins, and exploring more novel approaches are essential to better address the risks of marine toxins posed by climate change. Altogether, the interrelationships between climate, marine ecology, and marine toxins were analyzed in this study, providing a theoretical basis for preventing and managing future health risks from marine toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kangfeng Ge
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunrui Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zongxin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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2
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Réveillon D, Georges des Aulnois M, Savar V, Robert E, Caruana AMN, Briand E, Bormans M. Extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry of intra- and extracellular microcystins and nodularin to study the fate of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins across the freshwater-marine continuum. Toxicon 2024; 237:107551. [PMID: 38070753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microcystins (MCs) is increasingly being reported in coastal areas worldwide. To provide reliable data regarding this emerging concern, reproducible and accurate methods are required to quantify MCs in salt-containing samples. Herein, we characterized methods of extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for nine MCs and one nodularin (NOD) variants in both cyanobacteria (intracellular) and dissolved forms (extracellular). Different approaches have been used to cope with salinity for the extraction of dissolved MCs but none assessed solid phase extraction (SPE) so far. It was found that salt had negligible effect on the SPE recovery of dissolved MCs using the C18 cartridge while an overestimation up to 67% was noted for some variants with a polymeric sorbent. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.0-22 and 5.5-124 pg on column for the intracellular toxins, while 0.05-0.81 and 0.13-2.4 ng/mL were obtained for dissolved toxins. Extraction recoveries were excellent for intracellular (89-121%) and good to excellent for extracellular cyanotoxins (73-102%) while matrix effects were considered neglectable (<12% for 16/20 toxin-matrix combinations), except for the two MC-RR variants. The strategy based on the application of a corrective factor to compensate for losses proved useful as the accuracy was satisfactory (73-117% for intra- and 81-139% for extracellular cyanotoxins, bias <10% for 46/60 conditions, with a few exceptions), with acceptable precisions (intra- and inter-days variabilities <11%). We then applied this method on natural colonies of Microcystis spp. subjected to a salt shock, mimicking their estuarine transfer, in order to assess their survival and to quantify their toxins. The colonies of Microcystis spp. had both their growth and photosynthetic activity impaired at salinities from 10, while toxins remained mainly intracellular (>76%) even at salinity 20, suggesting a potential health risk and contamination of estuarine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Myriam Bormans
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Ecobio UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
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3
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Osburn FS, Wagner ND, Taylor RB, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW, Scott JT. The effects of salinity and N:P on N-rich toxins by both an N-fixing and non-N-fixing cyanobacteria. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERS 2023; 8:162-172. [PMID: 36777312 PMCID: PMC9915339 DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing increased salinization. Adaptive management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) contribute to eutrophication/salinization interactions through the hydrologic transport of blooms to coastal environments. We examined how nutrients and salinity interact to affect growth, elemental composition, and cyanotoxin production/release in two common HAB genera. Microcystis aeruginosa (non-nitrogen (N)-fixer and microcystin-LR producer; MC-LR) and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (N-fixer and cylindrospermopsin producer; CYN) were grown in N:phosphorus (N:P) 4 and 50 (by atom) for 21 and 33 days, respectively, then dosed with a salinity gradient (0 - 10.5 g L-1). Both total MC-LR and CYN were correlated with particulate N. We found Microcystis MC-LR production and release was affected by salinity only in the N:P 50 treatment. However, Aphanizomenon CYN production and release was affected by salinity regardless of N availability. Our results highlight how cyanotoxin production and release across the freshwater - marine continuum are controlled by eco-physiological differences between N-acquisition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S. Osburn
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Raegyn B. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - C. Kevin Chambliss
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
| | - J. Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
- The Institute for Ecological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco TX USA
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4
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Konarzewska Z, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Felpeto AB, Latała A. Effects of light intensity, temperature, and salinity in allelopathic interactions between coexisting Synechococcus sp. phenotypes. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105671. [PMID: 35675719 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organisms from the Synechococcus genus constitute one of the major contributors to oceanic primary production, broadly distributed in waters with wide range of environmental conditions. This work investigated the influence of abiotic factors (temperature, irradiance, and salinity) on the strength of allelopathic interactions between different phenotypes of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus sp. (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3a) employing mixed cultures and cell-free filtrate assays. The response variables studied were population growth and content of photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids (Car), phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE), and allophycocyanin (APC). Temperature was shown to be the most significant abiotic factor impacting the allelopathy of Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, with the Type 2 most significantly impacted. Irradiance also had a significant effect, having the largest effect on allelopathy of Type 3a phenotype. Changes in salinity had the greatest effect on allelopathy of Type 1. Our study has shown the significant influence of temperature, irradiance, and salinity on the strength of allelopathic compounds secreted by Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, with temperature the most significantly affecting allelopathic properties. Moreover, we discovered that the allelopathic response to changing environmental factors is highly phenotype-specific. This differential response of allelopathy could help different phenotypes of Synechococcus sp. to coexist in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Konarzewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland; Mount Allison University, 62 York St, Sackville, NBE4L 1E2, Canada
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adam Latała
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
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5
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Cyanotoxins uptake and accumulation in crops: Phytotoxicity and implications on human health. Toxicon 2022; 211:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Wiśniewska K, Konarzewska Z, Cieszyńska A, Barreiro Felpeto A, Lewandowska AU, Latała A. The current state of knowledge on taxonomy, modulating factors, ecological roles, and mode of action of phytoplankton allelochemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145681. [PMID: 33940759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is widespread in marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. Literature data indicate that allelopathy could offer a competitive advantage for some phytoplankton species by reducing the growth of competitors. It is also believed that allelopathy may affect species succession. Thus, allelopathy may play a role in the development of blooms. Over the past few decades, the world's coastal waters have experienced increases in the numbers of cyanobacterial and microalgal blooming events. Understanding how allelopathy is implicated with other biological and environmental factors as a bloom-development mechanism is an important topic for future research. This review focuses on a taxonomic overview of allelopathic cyanobacteria and microalgae, the biological and environmental factors that affect allelochemical production, their role in ecological dynamics, and their physiological modes of action, as well as potential industrial applications of allelopathic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Kinga Wiśniewska
- Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zofia Konarzewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agata Cieszyńska
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Marine Physics, Marine Biophysics Laboratory, Sopot, Poland
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anita U Lewandowska
- Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Adam Latała
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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Houliez E, Briand E, Malo F, Rovillon GA, Hervé F, Robert E, Marchand L, Zykwinska A, Caruana AMN. Physiological changes induced by sodium chloride stress in Aphanizomenon gracile, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Dolichospermum sp. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:102028. [PMID: 33980428 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities, associated with climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are expected to experience an increase in salinity. This phenomenon is predicted to favor the development and expansion of freshwater cyanobacteria towards brackish waters due to their transfer along the estuarine freshwater-marine continuum. Since freshwater cyanobacteria are known to produce toxins, this represents a serious threat for animal and human health. Saxitoxins (STXs) are classified among the most powerful cyanotoxins. It becomes thus critical to evaluate the capacity of cyanobacteria producing STXs to face variations in salinity and to better understand the physiological consequences of sodium chloride (NaCl) exposure, in particular on their toxicity. Laboratory experiments were conducted on three filamentous cyanobacteria species isolated from brackish (Dolichospermum sp.) and fresh waters (Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) to determine how salinity variations affect their growth, photosynthetic activity, pigment composition, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), synthesis of compatible solutes and STXs intracellular quotas. Salinity tolerance was found to be species-specific. Dolichospermum sp. was more resistant to salinity variations than A. gracile and C. raciborskii. NaCl variations reduced growth in all species. In A. gracile, carotenoids content was dose-dependently reduced by NaCl. By contrast, in C. raciborskii and Dolichospermum sp., variations in carotenoids content did not show obvious relationships with NaCl concentration. While in Dolichospermum sp. phycocyanin and phycoerythrin increased within the first 24 h exposure to NaCl, in both A. gracile and C. raciborskii, these pigments decreased proportionally to NaCl concentration. Low changes in salinity did not impact STXs production in A. gracile and C. raciborskii while higher increase in salinity could modify the toxin profile and content of C. raciborskii (intracellular STX decreased while dc-GTX2 increased). In estuaries, A. gracile and C. raciborskii would not be able to survive beyond the oligohaline area (i.e. salinity > 5). Conversely, in part due to its ability to accumulate compatible solutes, Dolichospermum sp. has the potential to face consequent salinity variations and to survive in the polyhaline area (at least up to salinity = 24).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enora Briand
- IFREMER-Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Florent Malo
- IFREMER-Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Elise Robert
- IFREMER-Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311 Nantes, France
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8
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The Importance of Allelopathic Picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the Abundance, Biomass Formation, and Structure of Phytoplankton Assemblages in Three Freshwater Lakes. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040259. [PMID: 32316304 PMCID: PMC7232185 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of picocyanobacteria to summer phytoplankton blooms, accompanied by an ecological crisis, is a new phenomenon in Europe. This issue requires careful investigation. We studied allelopathic activity of freshwater picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on phytoplankton assemblages from three freshwater lakes. In this study, the allelopathic activity of the Synechococcus sp. on the total abundance, biomass, as well as structure of the phytoplankton assemblages were investigated. Our results indicated that addition of exudates obtained from Synechococcus sp. affected the number of cells and biomass of the phytoplankton communities; the degree of inhibition or stimulation was different for each species, causing a change in the phytoplankton abundance and dominance during the experiment. We observed that some group of organisms (especially cyanobacteria from the genus Aphanothece, Limnothrix, Microcystis, and Synechococcus) showed tolerance for allelopathic compounds produced and released by Synechococcus sp. It is also worth noting that in some samples, Bacillariophyceae (e.g., Amphora pediculus, Navicula pygmaea, and Nitzschia paleacea) were completely eliminated in the experimental treatments, while present in the controls. This work demonstrated that the allelopathic activity exhibited by the Synechococcus sp. is probably one of the major competitive strategies affecting some of the coexisting phytoplankton species in freshwater ecosystems. To our best knowledge this is the first report of the allelopathic activity of Synechococcus sp. in the freshwater reservoirs, and one of the few published works showing allelopathic properties of freshwater picocyanobacteria on coexisting phytoplankton species.
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Wells ML, Karlson B, Wulff A, Kudela R, Trick C, Asnaghi V, Berdalet E, Cochlan W, Davidson K, De Rijcke M, Dutkiewicz S, Hallegraeff G, Flynn KJ, Legrand C, Paerl H, Silke J, Suikkanen S, Thompson P, Trainer VL. Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101632. [PMID: 32057342 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that accelerating environmental change attributed to human-induced warming of the planet may substantially alter the patterns, distribution and intensity of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Changes in temperature, ocean acidification, precipitation, nutrient stress or availability, and the physical structure of the water column all influence the productivity, composition, and global range of phytoplankton assemblages, but large uncertainty remains about how integration of these climate drivers might shape future HABs. Presented here are the collective deliberations from a symposium on HABs and climate change where the research challenges to understanding potential linkages between HABs and climate were considered, along with new research directions to better define these linkages. In addition to the likely effects of physical (temperature, salinity, stratification, light, changing storm intensity), chemical (nutrients, ocean acidification), and biological (grazer) drivers on microalgae (senso lato), symposium participants explored more broadly the subjects of cyanobacterial HABs, benthic HABs, HAB effects on fisheries, HAB modelling challenges, and the contributions that molecular approaches can bring to HAB studies. There was consensus that alongside traditional research, HAB scientists must set new courses of research and practices to deliver the conceptual and quantitative advances required to forecast future HAB trends. These different practices encompass laboratory and field studies, long-term observational programs, retrospectives, as well as the study of socioeconomic drivers and linkages with aquaculture and fisheries. In anticipation of growing HAB problems, research on potential mitigation strategies should be a priority. It is recommended that a substantial portion of HAB research among laboratories be directed collectively at a small sub-set of HAB species and questions in order to fast-track advances in our understanding. Climate-driven changes in coastal oceanographic and ecological systems are becoming substantial, in some cases exacerbated by localized human activities. That, combined with the slow pace of decreasing global carbon emissions, signals the urgency for HAB scientists to accelerate efforts across disciplines to provide society with the necessary insights regarding future HAB trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- SMHI/Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Forskning & utveckling, oceanografi/Research & development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Charles Trick
- Department of Biology, Western University & Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Università degli Studi di Genova (DiSTAV), C.so Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - William Cochlan
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, Romberg Tiburon Campus, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA, 94920-1205, USA
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Private Bag 129 Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kevin J Flynn
- Department of Biosciences, Singleton Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Linnaeus University, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Hans Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Joe Silke
- Marine Institute, Renville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Thompson
- Marine and Atmospheric Science, CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Environment and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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Olofsson M, Suikkanen S, Kobos J, Wasmund N, Karlson B. Basin-specific changes in filamentous cyanobacteria community composition across four decades in the Baltic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101685. [PMID: 32057344 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Almost every summer, dense blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria are formed in the Baltic Sea. These blooms may cause problems for tourism and ecosystem services, where surface accumulations and beach fouling are commonly occurring. Future changes in environmental drivers, including climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances, may further enhance these problems. By compiling monitoring data from countries adjacent to the Baltic Sea, we present spatial and temporal genus-specific distribution of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria (Nostocales) during four decades (1979-2017). While the summer surface salinity decreased with a half up to one unit, the surface temperature in July-August increased with 2-3 °C in most sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, during the time period. The biovolumes of the toxic Nodularia spumigena did not change in any of the sub-basins during the period. On the other hand, the biovolume of the non-toxic Aphanizomenon sp. and the potentially toxic Dolichospermum spp. increased in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, along with the decreased salinity and elevated temperatures, but Aphanizomenon sp. decreased in the southern parts despite decreased salinity and increased temperatures. These contradictory changes in biovolume of Aphanizomenon sp. between the northern and southern parts of the Baltic Sea may be due to basin-specific effects of the changed environmental conditions, or can be related to local adaptation by sub-populations of the genera. Overall, this comprehensive dataset presents insights to genus-specific bloom dynamics by potentially harmful diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Olofsson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71, Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Oceanography, Division of Marine Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Norbert Wasmund
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, 426 71, Västra Frölunda, Sweden.
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11
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Teikari JE, Popin RV, Hou S, Wahlsten M, Hess WR, Sivonen K. Insight into the genome and brackish water adaptation strategies of toxic and bloom-forming Baltic Sea Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4888. [PMID: 30894564 PMCID: PMC6426976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is a shallow basin of brackish water in which the spatial salinity gradient is one of the most important factors contributing to species distribution. The Baltic Sea is infamous for its annual cyanobacterial blooms comprised of Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon spp., and Dolichospermum spp. that cause harm, especially for recreational users. To broaden our knowledge of the cyanobacterial adaptation strategies for brackish water environments, we sequenced the entire genome of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315, a species occurring not only in freshwater environments but also in brackish water. Comparative genomics analyses revealed a close association with Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0090 isolated from a lake in Finland. The genome closure of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315 unraveled a mixture of two subtypes in the original culture, and subtypes exhibited distinct buoyancy phenotypes. Salinity less than 3 g L-1 NaCl enabled proper growth of Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0315, whereas growth was arrested at moderate salinity (6 g L-1 NaCl). The concentrations of toxins, microcystins, increased at moderate salinity, whereas RNA sequencing data implied that Dolichospermum remodeled its primary metabolism in unfavorable high salinity. Based on our results, the predicted salinity decrease in the Baltic Sea may favor toxic blooms of Dolichospermum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E Teikari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael V Popin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Šulčius S, Mazur-Marzec H, Vitonytė I, Kvederavičiūtė K, Kuznecova J, Šimoliūnas E, Holmfeldt K. Insights into cyanophage-mediated dynamics of nodularin and other non-ribosomal peptides in Nodularia spumigena. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:69-74. [PMID: 30196926 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cyanophage infection and lysis on the dynamics of the hepatotoxin nodularin (NOD) and other non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) produced by cyanobacteria is poorly understood. In this study, changes in concentration of NOD and other NRPs during cyanophage infection of the filamentous cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena were assessed using incubation experiments. Viral infection and lysis were associated with a significant reduction (93% at the 96 h post infection) of N. spumigena cell density. While no correlation between N. spumigena abundance and total concentration of NOD (ng mL-1) within the infected cells was observed, cellular NOD quota (ng cell-1) gradually increased in the remaining cyanophage resistant N. spumigena subpopulation. Lysis of N. spumigena cells resulted in a substantial increase (>57 times) of dissolved NOD concentration in the culture medium. The relative concentration of other cyclic (anabaenopeptins) and linear (aeruginosins, spumigins) NRPs produced by N. spumigena also increased in response to cyanophage addition. This study highlights the importance of cyanophage infection on the population toxicity of filamentous cyanobacteria and demonstrates a significant contribution of virus-mediated cell lysis on the conversion of NOD from the particulate to dissolved phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania; Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378, Gdynia, Poland; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Irma Vitonytė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Kvederavičiūtė
- MAP Kinase Resource, Melchiorstrasse 9, CH-3027, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Kuznecova
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eugenijus Šimoliūnas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
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Teikari JE, Hou S, Wahlsten M, Hess WR, Sivonen K. Comparative Genomics of the Baltic Sea Toxic Cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 and Its Response to Varying Salinity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:356. [PMID: 29568283 PMCID: PMC5853447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an important abiotic factor controlling the distribution and abundance of Nodularia spumigena, the dominating diazotrophic and toxic phototroph, in the brackish water cyanobacterial blooms of the Baltic Sea. To expand the available genomic information for brackish water cyanobacteria, we sequenced the isolate Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 using an Illumina-SMRT hybrid sequencing approach, revealing a chromosome of 5,294,286 base pairs (bp) and a single plasmid of 92,326 bp. Comparative genomics in Nostocales showed pronounced genetic similarity among Nodularia spumigena strains evidencing their short evolutionary history. The studied Baltic Sea strains share similar sets of CRISPR-Cas cassettes and a higher number of insertion sequence (IS) elements compared to Nodularia spumigena CENA596 isolated from a shrimp production pond in Brazil. Nodularia spumigena UHCC 0039 proliferated similarly at three tested salinities, whereas the lack of salt inhibited its growth and triggered transcriptome remodeling, including the up-regulation of five sigma factors and the down-regulation of two other sigma factors, one of which is specific for strain UHCC 0039. Down-regulated genes additionally included a large genetic region for the synthesis of two yet unidentified natural products. Our results indicate a remarkable plasticity of the Nodularia salinity acclimation, and thus salinity strongly impacts the intensity and distribution of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E Teikari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Maculewicz J, Barreiro Felpeto A, Latała A. Allelopathic and Bloom-Forming Picocyanobacteria in a Changing World. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E48. [PMID: 29361682 PMCID: PMC5793135 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Picocyanobacteria are extremely important organisms in the world's oceans and freshwater ecosystems. They play an essential role in primary production and their domination in phytoplankton biomass is common in both oligotrophic and eutrophic waters. Their role is expected to become even more relevant with the effect of climate change. However, this group of photoautotrophic organisms still remains insufficiently recognized. Only a few works have focused in detail on the occurrence of massive blooms of picocyanobacteria, their toxicity and allelopathic activity. Filling the gap in our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the proliferation of these organisms could provide a better understanding of aquatic environments. In this review, we gathered and described recent information about allelopathic activity of picocyanobacteria and occurrence of their massive blooms in many aquatic ecosystems. We also examined the relationships between climate change and representative picocyanobacterial genera from freshwater, brackish and marine ecosystems. This work emphasizes the importance of studying the smallest picoplanktonic fractions of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research-CIMAR/CIIMAR, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Adam Latała
- Institute of Oceanography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
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Van Meerssche E, Pinckney JL. The influence of salinity in the domoic acid effect on estuarine phytoplankton communities. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 69:65-74. [PMID: 29122243 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, observed worldwide from coastal waters to the open ocean, produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). DA is an important environmental and economic hazard due to shellfish contamination with subsequent effects on higher trophic levels. Previous research has demonstrated that, among other environmental factors, salinity influences the abundance and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia. In this study, the environmental factors driving the growth of Pseudo-nitzschia and the production of dissolved DA (dDA) in North Inlet estuary were examined. The effect of salinity on the growth inhibition of phytoplankton induced by the initial presence as well as by an addition of dDA was also assessed. Initially, the diatom abundance was negatively correlated with the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia and with the concentration of dDA. With the addition of a concentrated solution of dDA, the percent inhibition of cryptophytes and diatoms was significantly correlated with salinity and suggested a higher sensitivity to dDA at extreme salinities. These results emphasize the importance of salinity in assessing the properties of DA and potentially of other phycotoxins on phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Van Meerssche
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - James L Pinckney
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, Stefanelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1049-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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