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Yoon JG, Lim SK, Seo H, Lee S, Cho J, Kim SY, Koh HY, Poduri AH, Ramakumaran V, Vasudevan P, de Groot MJ, Ko JM, Han D, Chae JH, Lee CH. De novo missense variants in HDAC3 leading to epigenetic machinery dysfunction are associated with a variable neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00217-9. [PMID: 39047730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a crucial epigenetic modulator essential for various developmental and physiological functions. Although its dysfunction is increasingly recognized in abnormal phenotypes, to our knowledge, there have been no established reports of human diseases directly linked to HDAC3 dysfunction. Using trio exome sequencing and extensive phenotypic analysis, we correlated heterozygous de novo variants in HDAC3 with a neurodevelopmental disorder having variable clinical presentations, frequently associated with intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. In a cohort of six individuals, we identified missense variants in HDAC3 (c.277G>A [p.Asp93Asn], c.328G>A [p.Ala110Thr], c.601C>T [p.Pro201Ser], c. 797T>C [p.Leu266Ser], c.799G>A [p.Gly267Ser], and c.1075C>T [p.Arg359Cys]), all located in evolutionarily conserved sites and confirmed as de novo. Experimental studies identified defective deacetylation activity in the p.Asp93Asn, p.Pro201Ser, p.Leu266Ser, and p.Gly267Ser variants, positioned near the enzymatic pocket. In addition, proteomic analysis employing co-immunoprecipitation revealed that the disrupted interactions with molecules involved in the CoREST and NCoR complexes, particularly in the p.Ala110Thr variant, consist of a central pathogenic mechanism. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis showed diminished nuclear to cytoplasmic fluorescence ratio in the p.Ala110Thr, p.Gly267Ser, and p.Arg359Cys variants, indicating impaired nuclear localization. Taken together, our study highlights that de novo missense variants in HDAC3 are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, which emphasizes the complex role of HDAC3 in histone deacetylase activity, multi-protein complex interactions, and nuclear localization for proper physiological functions. These insights open new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDAC3-related disorders and may inform future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon G Yoon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyun Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseok Seo
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeso Cho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna H Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- LNR Genomic Medicine Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Martijn J de Groot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Hwan Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; The Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Abstract
Autism is often considered to reflect categorically 'different brains'. Neuropsychological research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) however, has struggled to define this difference, or derive clear-cut boundaries between autism and non-autism. Consequently, restructuring or disbanding the ASD diagnosis is becoming increasingly advocated within research. Nonetheless, autism now exists as a salient social construction, of which 'difference' is a key facet. Clinical and educational professionals must influence this cautiously, as changes to autism's social construction may counterproductively affect the quality of life of autistic people. This paper therefore reviews ASD's value as both neuropsychological and social constructs. Although lacking neuropsychological validity, the autism label may be beneficial for autistic self-identity, reduction of stigma, and administering support. Whilst a shift away from case-control ASD research is warranted, lay notions of 'different brains' may be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crawshaw
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Pintacuda G, Hsu YHH, Tsafou K, Li KW, Martín JM, Riseman J, Biagini JC, Ching JK, Mena D, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Egri SB, Jaffe J, Smit AB, Fornelos N, Eggan KC, Lage K. Protein interaction studies in human induced neurons indicate convergent biology underlying autism spectrum disorders. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100250. [PMID: 36950384 PMCID: PMC10025425 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been linked to genes with enriched expression in the brain, but it is unclear how these genes converge into cell-type-specific networks. We built a protein-protein interaction network for 13 ASD-associated genes in human excitatory neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The network contains newly reported interactions and is enriched for genetic and transcriptional perturbations observed in individuals with ASDs. We leveraged the network data to show that the ASD-linked brain-specific isoform of ANK2 is important for its interactions with synaptic proteins and to characterize a PTEN-AKAP8L interaction that influences neuronal growth. The IGF2BP1-3 complex emerged as a convergent point in the network that may regulate a transcriptional circuit of ASD-associated genes. Our findings showcase cell-type-specific interactomes as a framework to complement genetic and transcriptomic data and illustrate how both individual and convergent interactions can lead to biological insights into ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pintacuda
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Han H. Hsu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kalliopi Tsafou
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Martín
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jackson Riseman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julia C. Biagini
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua K.T. Ching
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daya Mena
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miguel A. Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shawn B. Egri
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jake Jaffe
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Fornelos
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin C. Eggan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kasper Lage
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Zhang R, Liu L, Wang F, Zhao W, Liu K, Yu H, Zhao S, Xu B, Zhang X, Chai J, Hao J. AKAP8L enhances the stemness and chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells by stabilizing SCD1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1041. [PMID: 36522343 PMCID: PMC9755141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Chemoresistance is the major determinant of GC treatment failure. To explore the molecular mechanisms of GC chemoresistance, mass spectrometry was performed to detect the genes altered in expression between chemoresistant and chemosensitive GC. PRKA kinase anchor protein 8L (AKAP-8L) was identified as one of the top upregulated genes in chemoresistant GC tissues. Moreover, the higher AKAP-8L expression was associated with the lower survival rate in GC patients. Overexpression of AKAP-8L enhanced the GC cell stemness and chemoresistance of oxaliplatin in vivo and in vitro. AKAP-8L deficiency obtained the opposite results. Mechanistically, AKAP-8L interacted with Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA and IGF2BP1 protein, and regulated SCD1 mRNA stability via IGF2BP1-dependent manner. SCD1 played a critical role in mediating the function of AKAP-8L in GC cell stemness and chemoresistance. Clinically, AKAP-8L and SCD1 protein levels was positively associated with human GC chemoresistance. Taken together, our results demonstrated that AKAP-8L facilitates GC chemoresistance via regulating SCD1-mediated stemness of GC cells. AKAP8L may represent a novel therapeutic target to overcome GC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Luguang Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China ,grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Weizhu Zhao
- grid.476866.dDepartment of Oncology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, 515 Huangheqi Road, Binzhou, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Siwei Zhao
- grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Botao Xu
- grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jie Chai
- grid.410587.fDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jing Hao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong P. R. China
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5
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Mukherjee SB, Neelam, Kapoor S, Sharma S. Identification of Essential, Equivocal and Complex Autism by the Autism Dysmorphology Measure: An Observational Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:1550-1561. [PMID: 32767173 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Autism Dysmorphology Measure is designed for non-expert clinicians. It uses an algorithm to assess 12 body regions and categorizes Autism on the number of dysmorphic regions identified; Essential (≤ 3), Equivocal (4-5) or Complex (≥ 6). We evaluated 200 Indian children with Autism (mean age 3.7 years) in a hospital-based cross-sectional study and compared inter-group profiles. We found 31% Essential, 49% Equivocal and 20% Complex Autism. On comparing results with existing literature, it appeared that genetic ancestry and age significantly influenced dysmorphism and hence categorization. No significant differences were observed between complex and essential autism in epilepsy, severity of autism or development, as reported earlier. These shortcomings make the present tool unsuitable for use in young Indian children with Autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila B Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India. .,Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, Pediatric Office, Room 118, First floor, Bangla Sahib Marg, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Neelam
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Li W, Hu J, Shi B, Palomba F, Digman MA, Gratton E, Jiang H. Biophysical properties of AKAP95 protein condensates regulate splicing and tumorigenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:960-972. [PMID: 32719551 PMCID: PMC7425812 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It remains unknown if biophysical or material properties of biomolecular condensates regulate cancer. Here we show that AKAP95, a nuclear protein that regulates transcription and RNA splicing, plays an important role in tumorigenesis by supporting cancer cell growth and suppressing oncogene-induced senescence. AKAP95 forms phase-separated and liquid-like condensates in vitro and in nucleus. Mutations of key residues to different amino acids perturb AKAP95 condensation in opposite directions. Importantly, the activity of AKAP95 in splice regulation is abolished by disruption of condensation, significantly impaired by hardening of condensates, and regained by substituting its condensation-mediating region with other condensation-mediating regions from irrelevant proteins. Moreover, the abilities of AKAP95 in regulating gene expression and supporting tumorigenesis require AKAP95 to form condensates with proper liquidity and dynamicity. These results link phase separation to tumorigenesis and uncover an important role of appropriate biophysical properties of protein condensates in gene regulation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Palomba
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Shen H, Yao Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Yao C, Tong C. miR-21 enhances the protective effect of loperamide on rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis via regulating Akap8 and Bard1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1312-1320. [PMID: 30680008 PMCID: PMC6327625 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies to reduce ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury are currently lacking. Furthermore, the effects of loperamide and microRNA (miR)-21 on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocytes have remained to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of loperamide and miR-21 on cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with loperamide prior to hypoxia/reoxygenation. The viability of H9c2 cells was measured with a cell counting kit 8 and apoptosis was detected with an Annexin V-phycoerythrin/7-aminoactinomycin D apoptosis kit. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species were detected with a specific kit. Genes regulated by miR-21 were screened with an mRNA chip and confirmed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The direct targeting relationship of miR-21 with certain mRNAs was then confirmed using a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay system. The results indicated that the apoptotic rate and reactive oxygen species levels in rat cardiomyocytes were markedly increased after hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. Pre-treatment with loperamide significantly protected H9c2 cells against apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production after hypoxia/reoxygenation. The protection was markedly decreased by miR-21 inhibitor and enhanced by miR-21 mimics. Screening for genes associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis revealed that the relative expression of A-kinase anchoring protein 8 (Akap8) and BRCA1 associated RING domain 1 (Bard1) was consistent with the experimental results on apoptosis and reactive oxygen species. Compared with the group treated by hypoxia/reoxygenation alone, pre-treatment with loperamide markedly decreased the expression of BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1, Akap8 and Bard1 after hypoxia/reoxygenation. The decrease in the expression of Akap8 and Bard1 was markedly attenuated by miR-21 inhibitor and enhanced by miR-21 mimics. miR-21 mimics directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of Akap8 and Bard1 mRNA to thereby decrease their expression. In conclusion, the protection of rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production by loperamide was markedly enhanced by miR-21. miR-21 directly targets the 3′-UTR of Akap8 and Bard1 mRNA and enhances the inhibitory effects of loperamide on Akap8 and Bard1 expression in rat cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chenling Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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8
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Balta EA, Schäffner I, Wittmann MT, Sock E, von Zweydorf F, von Wittgenstein J, Steib K, Heim B, Kremmer E, Häberle BM, Ueffing M, Lie DC, Gloeckner CJ. Phosphorylation of the neurogenic transcription factor SOX11 on serine 133 modulates neuronal morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16196. [PMID: 30385877 PMCID: PMC6212486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intellectual disability gene, Sox11, encodes for a critical neurodevelopmental transcription factor with functions in precursor survival, neuronal fate determination, migration and morphogenesis. The mechanisms regulating SOX11’s activity remain largely unknown. Mass spectrometric analysis uncovered that SOX11 can be post-translationally modified by phosphorylation. Here, we report that phosphorylatable serines surrounding the high-mobility group box modulate SOX11’s transcriptional activity. Through Mass Spectrometry (MS), co-immunoprecipitation assays and in vitro phosphorylation assays followed by MS we verified that protein kinase A (PKA) interacts with SOX11 and phosphorylates it on S133. In vivo replacement of SoxC factors in developing adult-generated hippocampal neurons with SOX11 S133 phospho-mutants indicated that phosphorylation on S133 modulates dendrite development of adult-born dentate granule neurons, while reporter assays suggested that S133 phosphorylation fine-tunes the activation of select target genes. These data provide novel insight into the control of the critical neurodevelopmental regulator SOX11 and imply SOX11 as a mediator of PKA-regulated neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli-Anna Balta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix von Zweydorf
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia von Wittgenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Steib
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Heim
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Martin Häberle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- University of Tübingen, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Johannes Gloeckner
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,University of Tübingen, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Alesi V, Dentici ML, Loddo S, Genovese S, Orlando V, Calacci C, Pompili D, Dallapiccola B, Digilio MC, Novelli A. Confirmation of BRD4 haploinsufficiency role in Cornelia de Lange-like phenotype and delineation of a 19p13.12p13.11 gene contiguous syndrome. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 83:100-109. [PMID: 30302754 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically and clinical heterogeneous condition characterized by congenital malformation, intellectual disability, and peculiar dysmorphic features. Recently, BRD4 (19p13.12) was proposed as a new critical gene associated with a mild CdLS because of a similar presentation of the patients carrying point mutations and of its involvement in the NIPBL pathway. Patients harboring a 19p interstitial deletion shared some physical features with BRD4 mutation carriers, which results in a more complex phenotype because of the involvement of several neighboring genes. We report a new 19p deletion in a patient clinically diagnosed as CdLS, partially overlapping with previously published cases with the aim to support the role of BRD4 haploinsufficiency in a CdL-like phenotype and to improve the delineation of 19p13.12p13.11 deletion as a new nonrecurrent gene contiguous syndrome, spanning GIPC1, NOTCH3, BRD4, AKAP8, AKAP8L, CASP14, and EPS15L1 genes. Previously described cases are reviewed, attempting to delineate a genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Alesi
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Loddo
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Genovese
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Orlando
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Calacci
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pompili
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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10
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de Souza LC, Sgardioli IC, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Vieira TP. A recognizable phenotype related to 19p13.12 microdeletion. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1753-1759. [PMID: 30055032 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Submicroscopic deletions in chromosome 19 have been rarely reported. We reported a male patient presenting with neurodevelopmental delay and facial dysmorphisms with a de novo 19p13.11p13.12 deletion of approximately 1.4 Mb. To date, there are seven cases with deletions overlapping the 19p13.11-p13.12 region described in the literature. A region of 800 kb for branchial arch defects in the proximal region of 19p13.12, and another minimal critical region of 305 kb for hypertrichosis, synophrys, and protruding front teeth have been proposed previously. We suggest that the shortest region of overlap could be refined to an approximately 53 kb region shared within all patients, encompassing part of BRD4 and AKAP8L genes and the AKAP8 gene. Based on the genotype-phenotype correlation of the present case and cases with overlapping deletions described in the literature, it was possible to recognize a consistent phenotype characterized by microcephaly, ear abnormalities, rounded face, synophrys, arched or upwardly angulated eyebrows, short nose, anteverted nares, prominent cheeks, teeth abnormalities, and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiara Cristina de Souza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ilária Cristina Sgardioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Társis Paiva Vieira
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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11
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Garg S, Green J. Studying child development in genetic models of ASD. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 241:159-192. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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19p13 microduplications encompassing NFIX are responsible for intellectual disability, short stature and small head circumference. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 26:85-93. [PMID: 29184170 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromes caused by copy number variations are described as reciprocal when they result from deletions or duplications of the same chromosomal region. When comparing the phenotypes of these syndromes, various clinical features could be described as reversed, probably due to the opposite effect of these imbalances on the expression of genes located at this locus. The NFIX gene codes for a transcription factor implicated in neurogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Microdeletions and loss of function variants of NFIX are responsible for Sotos syndrome-2 (also described as Malan syndrome), a syndromic form of intellectual disability associated with overgrowth and macrocephaly. Here, we report a cohort of nine patients harboring microduplications encompassing NFIX. These patients exhibit variable intellectual disability, short stature and small head circumference, which can be described as a reversed Sotos syndrome-2 phenotype. Strikingly, such a reversed phenotype has already been described in patients harboring microduplications encompassing NSD1, the gene whose deletions and loss-of-function variants are responsible for classical Sotos syndrome. Even though the type/contre-type concept has been criticized, this model seems to give a plausible explanation for the pathogenicity of 19p13 microduplications, and the common phenotype observed in our cohort.
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Gene-wide Association Study Reveals RNF122 Ubiquitin Ligase as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5407. [PMID: 28710364 PMCID: PMC5511183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterized by pervasive impairment of attention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that can persist into adulthood. The aetiology of ADHD is complex and multifactorial and, despite the wealth of evidence for its high heritability, genetic studies have provided modest evidence for the involvement of specific genes and have failed to identify consistent and replicable results. Due to the lack of robust findings, we performed gene-wide and pathway enrichment analyses using pre-existing GWAS data from 607 persistent ADHD subjects and 584 controls, produced by our group. Subsequently, expression profiles of genes surpassing a follow-up threshold of P-value < 1e-03 in the gene-wide analyses were tested in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) of 45 medication-naive adults with ADHD and 39 healthy unrelated controls. We found preliminary evidence for genetic association between RNF122 and ADHD and for its overexpression in adults with ADHD. RNF122 encodes for an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the proteasome-mediated processing, trafficking, and degradation of proteins that acts as an essential mediator of the substrate specificity of ubiquitin ligation. Thus, our findings support previous data that place the ubiquitin-proteasome system as a promising candidate for its involvement in the aetiology of ADHD.
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López-Soop G, Rønningen T, Rogala A, Richartz N, Blomhoff HK, Thiede B, Collas P, Küntziger T. AKAP95 interacts with nucleoporin TPR in mitosis and is important for the spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:947-956. [PMID: 28379780 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1310350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis relies on a proofreading mechanism that monitors proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is based on the concerted action of numerous components that maintain a repressive signal inhibiting transition into anaphase until all chromosomes are attached. Here we show that A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 95 (AKAP95) is necessary for proper SAC function. AKAP95-depleted HeLa cells show micronuclei formed from lagging chromosomes at mitosis. Using a BioID proximity-based proteomic screen, we identify the nuclear pore complex protein TPR as a novel AKAP95 binding partner. We show interaction between AKAP95 and TPR in mitosis, and an AKAP95-dependent enrichment of TPR in the spindle microtubule area in metaphase, then later in the spindle midzone area. AKAP95-depleted cells display faster prometaphase to anaphase transition, escape from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and show a partial delocalization from kinetochores of the SAC component MAD1. Our results demonstrate an involvement of AKAP95 in proper SAC function likely through its interaction with TPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela López-Soop
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Torunn Rønningen
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Agnieszka Rogala
- c Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Nina Richartz
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Heidi Kiil Blomhoff
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- d Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Thomas Küntziger
- c Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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15
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Hu J, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Mao M, Shah K, Yang Z, Nasim MT, Wang Z, Jiang H. AKAP95 regulates splicing through scaffolding RNAs and RNA processing factors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13347. [PMID: 27824034 PMCID: PMC5105168 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs significantly contributes to the complexity of gene expression in higher organisms, but the regulation of the splice site selection remains incompletely understood. We have previously demonstrated that a chromatin-associated protein, AKAP95, has a remarkable activity in enhancing chromatin transcription. In this study, we show that AKAP95 interacts with many factors involved in transcription and RNA processing, including selective groups of hnRNP proteins, through its N-terminal region, and directly regulates pre-mRNA splicing. AKAP95 binds preferentially to proximal intronic regions on pre-mRNAs in human transcriptome, and this binding requires its zinc-finger domains. By selectively coordinating with hnRNP H/F and U proteins, AKAP95 appears to mainly promote the inclusion of many exons in the genome. AKAP95 also directly interacts with itself. Taken together, our results establish AKAP95 as a mostly positive regulator of pre-mRNA splicing and a possible integrator of transcription and splicing regulation. The chromatin-associated protein AKAP95 is known for its chromatin-related functions including enhancing transcription. Here the authors show that AKAP95 interacts with the splicing regulatory factors as well as RNAs to regulate the inclusion of exons and pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Miaowei Mao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kushani Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Md Talat Nasim
- University of Bradford School of Pharmacy, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
ASD research is at an important crossroads. The ASD diagnosis is important for assigning a child to early behavioral intervention and explaining a child’s condition. But ASD research has not provided a diagnosis-specific medical treatment, or a consistent early predictor, or a unified life course. If the ASD diagnosis also lacks biological and construct validity, a shift away from studying ASD-defined samples would be warranted. Consequently, this paper reviews recent findings for the neurobiological validity of ASD, the construct validity of ASD diagnostic criteria, and the construct validity of ASD spectrum features. The findings reviewed indicate that the ASD diagnosis lacks biological and construct validity. The paper concludes with proposals for research going forward.
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