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Guedes DP, de Lima KA, dos Santos Silva AL. Prevalence and Correlates of Health Risk Behaviors among University Students from a State in the Southern Region of Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:612. [PMID: 38791826 PMCID: PMC11120948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveys conducted in different regions of the world show that the prevalence rates of health risk behaviors (HRBs) in university students are sometimes higher than those found in non-university populations. This study aims to identify the prevalence rates and demographic and academic environment correlates associated with HRBs among Brazilian university students. METHODS In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, a random sample of 5310 university students answered an online questionnaire, with demographic (sex, age, skin color, marital status, and paid work) and academic setting information (housing type, size of campus, year, and shift of study), as well as items clustered in four HRB domains: personal safety and violence, sexual behavior and contraception, addictive substance use, eating habits, physical activity, and sleep. The data were analyzed statistically using bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS The highest prevalence rates occurred in HRBs clustered in the domain of eating habits, physical activity, and sleep (>60%), while HRBs for personal security and violence were less prevalent (<15%). From 15% to 35% of university students assumed HRBs regarding addictive substance use, and approximately 50% reported risky sexual behavior. The university students most susceptible to HRBs were men, aged ≥ 22 years, living far from their family, studying on larger campuses, attending night classes, and with two or more years of study at the university. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that policies and interventions in the university context aimed at students' readiness to engage in a healthy lifestyle should target specific correlates associated with HRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dartagnan Pinto Guedes
- Health Sciences Center, State University of Northern Parana, Jacarezinho 86400-000, Brazil;
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Huang Y, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Dai W, Lin K, Liu Y, Yan Y, Huang S, Li X, Yang Y, Jiang H. Development of a risk estimation model for condomless sex among college students in Zhuhai, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:742. [PMID: 38459535 PMCID: PMC10921646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condom use at last intercourse is an effective indicator for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. To identify at-risk individuals and improve prevention strategies, this study explored factors associated with condomless sex at last intercourse in the last year and developed a risk estimation model to calculate the individual possibility of condomless sex among college students in Zhuhai, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1430 college students who had sex in the last year from six universities in Zhuhai. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression were performed to explore the predictors of condomless sex. The nomogram was constructed to calculate the individual possibility of condomless sex. Discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated using the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and the calibration curve. RESULTS The proportion of students who had condomless sex at last intercourse was 18.2% (260/1430). Students who had experienced more types of intimate partner violence (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.31 ~ 1.92) and had anal sex (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.06 ~ 2.84) were more likely to have condomless sex. Students who had heterosexual intercourse (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 ~ 0.70), used condoms at first sex (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.14 ~ 0.27), had high attitudes towards condom use (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80 ~ 0.95) and self-efficacy for condom use (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78 ~ 0.90) were less likely to have condomless sex. The nomogram had high accuracy with an AUROC of 0.83 and good discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence, anal sex, condom use at first sex, attitude towards condom use, and self-efficacy for condom use were associated with condomless sex among college students. The nomogram was an effective and convenient tool for calculating the individualized possibility of condomless sex among college students. It could help to identify individuals at risk and help universities and colleges to formulate appropriate individualized interventions and sexual health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yeting Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencan Dai
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kaihao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yao Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanzi Huang
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Sheng B, Yao D, Zhang H, Tang J, Du X. Knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive methods among women with an unplanned pregnancy. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078364. [PMID: 38448074 PMCID: PMC10916146 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of contraceptive methods among women with an unplanned pregnancy, aiming to improve their reproductive health and increase their understanding of contraceptive methods. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted at the Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Hubei between 20 November 2022 and 20 January 2023. PARTICIPANTS Women with an unplanned pregnancy were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The questionnaire was in the Chinese language and included demographic data, KAP assessments. Multivariate linear regression was performed to explore the factors associated with knowledge or practice scores. RESULTS During the study period, 510 participants with valid questionnaires were included. The KAP scores were 7.30±2.91, 32.61±3.13 and 28.58±3.59, respectively. Place of residence (urban vs non-urban; B=0.66, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.29, p=0.043) and educational level (master's degree or above vs post secondary or below; B=1.07, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.96, p=0.020) were positively associated with knowledge. Knowledge (B=0.25, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.32, p<0.001) and attitude (B=0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.32, p<0.001) were positively associated with practice. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a low level of KAP regarding contraceptive methods among women facing unplanned pregnancies. Place of residence and educational level were positively associated with knowledge scores. These findings may help improve future sex education policies and programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyue Sheng
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang T, Si L, Jiang Q. Induced abortions among Chinese adolescent girls. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:597. [PMID: 37957592 PMCID: PMC10644521 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced abortion among adolescent girls is a global public health issue and a serious challenge in China, but still remains under-examined. We aimed to examine the overall trend and characteristics of induced abortions among Chinese adolescent girls and to investigate the factors associated with induced abortion. STUDY DESIGN Based on the 2017 China Fertility Survey, this study examined the trend and characteristics of induced abortions among adolescent girls with statistical analysis and multiple indicators of descriptive statistics from period and cohort perspectives, including induced abortion proportion and rate, age-specific cumulative proportion, and age-specific cumulative number of induced abortions in adolescent girls. RESULTS Between 1996 and 2016, the proportion and rate of adolescent induced abortions first increased and then decreased, and the mean age at the time of induced abortions among adolescent girls declined. The cumulative proportion of women who had experienced induced abortion at the age of 15-19 in a cohort is less than 2.5% but shows an upward trend. Over 70% of all adolescent induced abortions are premarital. The proportion of women with unintended pregnancy experiences increased and is higher among rural, less educated, and ethnic minority women. Similarly, the prevalence of induced abortion is higher among adolescent girls who live in rural areas, are less educated, and come from ethnic minorities. The cumulative number of induced abortions and premarital abortions increased with later cohorts. CONCLUSIONS This study shows an upward trend in adolescent-induced abortion and a decline in the age at the time of the induced abortion. Women in later birth cohort have a higher proportion of having experienced adolescent induced abortion. Adolescent girls who live in rural areas, who are less educated, or who are from ethnic minorities, are more likely to undergo induced abortions at the age of 15-19. More appropriate educational efforts and interventions are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of adolescent induced abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Institute for Population and Development Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Si
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Quanbao Jiang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Institute for Population and Development Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Yalew AZ, Olayemi OO, Yalew AW. Reasons and prevention strategies of unintended pregnancy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a phenomenological qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072008. [PMID: 37491099 PMCID: PMC10373735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the reasons for unintended pregnancy and effective prevention measures from the perspectives of women and healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN Phenomenological qualitative study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted at three public health facilities found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Women with unintended pregnancies and healthcare providers currently working in maternal health services were purposively recruited for in-depth interviews. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Seven themes emerged from the transcribed interview data. These include: Personal characteristics (negligence; lower pregnancy expectation), family influence (fear of family), sociocultural and economic influence (stigma and discrimination), healthcare provider influence (disrespectful and abusive approach; disregard for women's contraceptive choice), preconception thoughts and behaviours (unprotected early sexual practice; myths and misunderstanding), lack of access to quality family planning services (lack of trained contraceptive counsellor, inappropriate contraceptive use), and preventive strategies for unintended pregnancy (comprehensive sexual education; sexual and reproductive health and rights service integration) CONCLUSIONS: This study identified multilevel reasons for unintended pregnancy from the perspective of the participants. Participants shared their views on preventive measures for unintended pregnancy, including comprehensive sexual education, service integration and male-inclusive contraceptive counselling. This study highlights the need to improve sexual and reproductive health services by shedding light on the viewpoints and experiences of women and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalnesh Zemene Yalew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pan African University, Institutes of Life and Earth Sciences (including Agriculture and Health), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladapo O Olayemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Zhao J, Li Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Yu S, Li T. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of sexual health among students in a Chinese medical college: a cross-sectional study. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad015. [PMID: 37228768 PMCID: PMC10204649 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual health is an essential part of overall well-being, and medical students' sexual education, level of sexual knowledge, and attitudes toward sexual health will affect their sexual behavior. Aim To explore the correlation among medical decision tendency, sex education level, and sexual health KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in March 2019. Data were collected via online surveys with a self-developed questionnaire covering sexual KAP and sexual education. We used Spearman correlation to assess the effect of sexual education on KAP after scoring the related questions. Outcomes Outcomes included descriptive analysis and correlation of medical and nursing students' KAP and education regarding sexual health. Results Medical and nursing students hold a high level of sexual knowledge (74.8%) and a positive attitude toward premarital sex (87.5%) and homosexuality (94.5%). By conducting the correlation analysis, we observed that medical and nursing students' tendency to support friends' homosexuality was positively correlated with the view that medical intervention for transgender or gay/lesbian people is unnecessary (P < .01). A positive correlation was also found between medical and nursing students who want more diverse sexual education and who would tend to provide patients with more humanistic care regarding their sexual needs (P < .01). Clinical Translation Medical and nursing students who want more diverse sexual education and who had higher scores in the sexual knowledge test tend to provide their patients with more humanistic care regarding sexual needs. Strengths and Limitations The research shows the current situation of medical and nursing students' sexual education experience and preference and sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Heat maps were used to more intuitively describe the correlation between medical students' characteristics and their sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and sex education. The results may not be generalizable across China, as the participants were from 1 medical school. Conclusion It is essential to provide sexual education for medical and nursing students to ensure a more humanistic approach to patient care regarding sexual needs; therefore, we recommend that medical schools invest in sexual education for medical and nursing students throughout their education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuezhu Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhaojian Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Si Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Li
- Corresponding author: School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dongdansantiao St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Mwamba B, Mayers P, Shea J. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. Reprod Health 2022; 19:225. [PMID: 36522681 PMCID: PMC9756593 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally and in South Africa, university students' knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is low. This study was conducted in response to the dearth of information about the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of postgraduate students. Research conducted to explore the SRH knowledge of undergraduate students suggests that the level of SRH knowledge among undergraduate students is low. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students with regards to contraceptives, sexually transmitted illnesses (STI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Pap smear and clinical breast examination at University of Cape Town (UCT), in South Africa. METHOD A cross sectional survey design was utilized, using an adapted and pretested online questionnaire. The aim of this study was to determine the SRH knowledge of postgraduate students at the UCT. Minor adjustments were made to the questionnaire to suit the South African context. Selected aspects of SRH were included in the current study: knowledge and use of contraceptives, Pap smear, clinical breast examination, STIs and HIV. These variables were considered to be general enough to be answerable by male and female respondents and are the most important considerations in reproductive health care in South Africa, as there is a high prevalence of STIs, HIV and cervical and breast cancers. All postgraduate students enrolled in the first semester of 2017 (9444) were invited to anonymously complete the online survey. Data was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. RESULTS Four hundred and six (406) students completed the online survey, of whom 293 were female and 107 males. The age range of respondents was between 18 and 57 years, with the median age for both male and female respondents being 24 years. Six survey responses were excluded from the statistical analysis because of incomplete data. Post graduate students from the African continent comprised 90.75% of the respondents. Most respondents were white (51.50%) from both Africa and abroad. The results indicated that respondents knew about sexually transmitted infections, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Female respondents were more aware of breast examination, and the role of Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) in SRH. Almost half of the respondents in this study (49%) stated that they had no need for more information about contraceptives. Lecturers were identified as one of the top five sources of information, which suggests that the university environment provides students with important SRH-related information. CONCLUSION Most postgraduate students had knowledge of sexual and reproductive health with regards to contraception, Pap smear, clinical breast examination, STIs, HIV and AIDS. Further research should focus on the relationship between SRH knowledge and usage among this population. As university lecturers were identified as an important source of information across faculties, the University should consider the incorporation of SRH education in the broader curriculum and as an integral component of student health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bupe Mwamba
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pat Mayers
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Associate Professor Emeritus, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ,grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226School of Nursing, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jawaya Shea
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Liu W, Lim MSY, Williams H, Temple-Smith M. Contraceptive decision making among Chinese international students in Melbourne: findings from a qualitative investigation. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36036162 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their non-Chinese peers in Australia, Chinese international students have very low rates of effective contraceptive use and this combined with other factors impacts unintended pregnancy rates. There is limited research exploring Chinese international students in Australia's decision-making with respect to contraceptive choices. In early 2020, 26 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18-25-year-old Chinese international students to explore factors influencing their contraceptive choices. Using both deductive and inductive analysis, seven primary themes were identified. Of note was the identification of the strongly expressed cultural value of (ài xī, cherishing). Cherishing was used to describe the promotion of self-protection and the protection of loved ones from any negative outcomes related to contraceptive methods. Findings suggest that cherishing has an important role to play in Chinese students' decision-making around contraception. In particular, notions of cherishing may make it difficult for Chinese international students to accept and trust the advantages of hormonal contraceptives. Moreover, the confusing and inconsistent terminology students use to describe contraceptive options may hamper their ability to access effective forms of contraception in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine S Y Lim
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henrietta Williams
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meredith Temple-Smith
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Genemo ES, Korsa AT, Bayisa HG. Emergency Contraceptive Pill Use and its Impact on Condom Utilization Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1115-1126. [PMID: 36004382 PMCID: PMC9394664 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s375841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) prevent unplanned pregnancy but not sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the practice of ECP may affect condom use. This study, therefore, aimed to assess ECP use and its impact on condom utilization among female students of private universities in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 female students in three different private universities from February 1 to 28, 2019. Study samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data collected from a structured self-administered questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with condom utilization, and statistical significance was set at 95% confidence interval (CI) using a p-value of <0.05 as a cutoff point. Results The response rate was 95.3% (381/400). Overall, 51.4% (196/381; 95% CI = 45.1%, 57.7%) had awareness of ECP. Besides, 186 (48.8%) students reported history of sexual intercourse, of which 115 (61.8%) have ever practiced ECP and 96 (51.6%) have ever used condom. However, only 11 (5.9%) have ever utilized ECP and condom concurrently. Use of ECPs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.164, 0.632; p = 0.001), belief that condom prevents STI (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.045, 8.646; p = 0.041) and thought that ECP does not prevent STI (AOR = 2.217; 95% CI = 1.172, 4.59; p = 0.032) had statistically significant association with condom utilization. Conclusion The practice of ECP was average, while dual method contraception use was low in the study area. History of ECP use and beliefs that ECP is not effective to prevent STI or condom protects against STI were factors associated with condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edao Sado Genemo
- Department of Pharmacy (Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy Unit), Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ayana Tadesse Korsa
- Department of Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy Unit), Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Gebeyehu Bayisa
- Department of Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy Unit), Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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The prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its association with HIV status among pregnant women in South Africa, a national antenatal survey, 2019. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23740. [PMID: 34887462 PMCID: PMC8660789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its association with HIV status among pregnant women in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and mid-November 2019 among pregnant women aged 15–49 years in 1589 selected public antenatal care facilities. Pregnancy intention was assessed using two questions from the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. Survey logistic regression examined factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Among 34,946 participants, 51.6% had an unintended pregnancy. On multivariable analysis, the odds of unintended pregnancy was higher among women who knew their HIV-positive status before pregnancy but initiated treatment after the first antenatal visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.2–1.8]), women who initiated treatment before pregnancy (aOR, 1.3 [95% CI:1.2–1.3]), and women with a new HIV diagnosis during pregnancy (aOR, 1.2 [95% CI:1.1–1.3]) compared to HIV-negative women. Women who were single, in a non-cohabiting or a cohabiting relationship, and young women (15–24 years) had significantly higher risk of unintended pregnancy compared to married women and women aged 30–49 years, respectively. A comprehensive approach, including regular assessment of HIV clients’ pregnancy intention, and adolescent and youth-friendly reproductive health services could help prevent unintended pregnancy.
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Liu Z, Lin Z, Cao W, Li R, Liu L, Wu H, Tang K. Identify Key Determinants of Contraceptive Use for Sexually Active Young People: A Hybrid Ensemble of Machine Learning Methods. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:968. [PMID: 34828681 PMCID: PMC8622295 DOI: 10.3390/children8110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexually active young people face an increasing public health burden of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases due to improper contraception. However, environmental and social factors related to young people's contraception remain unclear. To identify the key factors, we applied ensemble machine learning methods to the data of 12,280 heterosexual Chinese college students who reported sexual intercourse experience in the National College Student Survey on Sexual and Reproductive Health in 2020 (NCSS-SRH 2020). In the order of variable importance, convenient access to contraceptives, certain attitudes towards sex, sexual health knowledge level, being an only-child, and purchasing a bachelor's or master's degree were positively associated with a high frequency of contraceptive use. In contrast, smoking, free access to contraceptives, a specific attitude towards marriage, and negotiation with a sexual partner were negatively associated with a higher frequency of contraceptive use. Our analysis provides insights into young people's contraceptive use under a typically conservative culture of sexuality. Compared to previous studies, we thoroughly investigated internal and external factors that might impact young people's decision on contraception while having sex. Under a conservative culture of sexuality, the effects of the external factors on young people's contraception may outweigh those of the internal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhi Lin
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenzhen Cao
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, China;
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Hanbin Wu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; (Z.L.); (Z.L.); (H.W.)
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Zhao X, Basnyat I. Gendered social practices in reproductive health: A qualitative study exploring lived experiences of unwed single mothers in China. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1237-1253. [PMID: 34080716 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
China's family planning policy has historically silenced the voices of women, especially unwed single mothers at the expense of their reproductive health and overall wellbeing. Further, reproductive decisions in China are closely intertwined with marriage decisions and intergenerational dynamics, highlighting the relevance of gender in women's reproductive health experiences. Chinese unwed single mothers are in particular penalized for violating the gendered social norms supported by the national reproductive policies. Drawing on previous work that calls on the need to explore gender system and its influence on health, this manuscript explores the ways in which gender norms are played out for the unwed single mothers within romantic and intergenerational relations, with impacts on their reproductive health and decision-making. The findings show that reproductive decisions are interwoven with the fulfilment of other gendered identities, such as daughter, daughter-in-law and wife. Although the decision to go through unwed motherhood is reflective of their agency, the tie between childbirth and marriage does not allow the women to entirely break free from the social system. The findings also highlight the importance of considering the role of gender system that is played out within social relations, which in turn impacts the health of the women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhao
- Research Center of Journalism and Social Development, School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Iccha Basnyat
- Global Affairs and Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Tadele A, Berhanu M. Trends and factors influencing long-acting contraceptive utilisation among contraceptive users in Ethiopia: repeated cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e037103. [PMID: 33441349 PMCID: PMC7812108 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although nationally representative data are helpful in designing strategies and policies of programmes in a country, there is paucity of evidence with regard to trends and factors influencing utilisation of long-acting contraceptives (LACs). Thus, this study aimed to assess the trends and factors influencing LAC utilisation among contraceptive users in Ethiopia. DESIGN A repeated cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA2020) national community-based survey data were used, and 2035 contraceptive users participated. To identify trends, proportions of LAC users were analysed using PMA data from round 1 in January 2014 to round 6 in July 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Users using LAC methods or otherwise. RESULTS There was a difference in trends in LAC utilisation in the last 4.5 years. There was a 7% increase in the proportion of implant users, while there were no significant changes in utilisation of intrauterine device and female sterilisation. Women in the middle wealth quintile were 1.7 times more likely than those in the lowest quintile to use LAC, while contraceptive users who received recommendations from healthcare providers as well as those who made decisions jointly with healthcare providers were more likely to use LAC compared with those who decided on their own. Women with access to their desired method of contraception were less likely to use LAC, while those informed about intrauterine contraceptive device were more likely to use LAC compared with their counterparts. Women served at health posts, private hospitals and others (family planning clinics, pharmacies and non-governmental organisations) were less likely to use LAC compared with women served at public hospitals. CONCLUSION Overall the utilisation of LAC in Ethiopia is low. Therefore, much has to be done in terms of raising awareness about intrauterine device, how healthcare providers can help users in choosing contraceptive methods, and sharing of experiences between public hospitals and other family planning service delivery points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afework Tadele
- Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mahilet Berhanu
- Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Demissie TW, Nigatu AM, Beyene GM. Assessment of emergency contraceptives utilization and associated factors among female college students at Debre Tabor town. Contracept Reprod Med 2020; 5:33. [PMID: 33292745 PMCID: PMC7678215 DOI: 10.1186/s40834-020-00139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unwanted pregnancy is a significant public health problem worldwide. In higher education, students are exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy, abortion, and its related negative consequences. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of emergency contraceptives and factors associated with its utilization among college female students at Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional, institutional-based study was conducted from June to October 2017. A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was applied to select the study participants. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi info 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between the use of emergency contraception and the predictor variables. The P-value less than 0.05 at 95% CI was taken as statistical significance. Results A total of 821 respondents participated with a response rate of 97.6%. The finding showed that 33.3% of them have used emergency contraceptives following unprotected sex. Female students’ knowledge about emergency contraceptive [AOR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.20, 4.25], age with 20–24 years category [AOR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.21, 4.49] and married [AOR: 2.8; 95% CI 1.22, 6.21] and divorced [AOR: 4.9; 95% CI 1.12, 21.08] students were found to be significant predictors of EC utilization. Conclusions This study revealed that the level of emergency contraceptive utilization was low. Students’ level of knowledge about an emergency contraceptive, age at present, and marital status were found to be the major predictor for emergency contraceptive utilization. Therefore, responsible bodies should develop strategies that enhance the knowledge level of students at the college level on the effective utilization of emergency contraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Araya Mesfin Nigatu
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Mihretie Beyene
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.,Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debra Tabor, Ethiopia
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Financing Adolescent Health in China: How Much, Who Pays, and Where It Goes. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:S38-S47. [PMID: 33246532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent health has been gaining increasing attention in the Sustainable Development Goals era. Data on adolescent health financing are essential for evidence-based policy planning and evaluation. Little is known on national expenditure on adolescent health in China. To inform decision-making on national strategies of adolescent health and development, this study estimated expenditure on adolescent health-care utilization in China and identified funding sources and their allocation among different health functions. METHODS We constructed and implemented an institutional survey and collected primary financial data from health institutions in the nine selected administrative provinces in 2014. We used the collected data to generate estimate of proportion of health spending on adolescent health and its breakdowns by health-care functions, health-care financing schemes, and diseases based on primary diagnosis. We applied the proportion estimates to the 2014 national-level health expenditure data and estimated national-level estimates of spending on adolescent health and breakdowns in aforementioned areas. RESULTS Spending on adolescents health in 2014 amounted to CNY82.1 billion (USD 13.4 billion) or 2.6% of the total health expenditures in the year. Per adolescent health expenditures was CNY525 (USD 85.5), less than per capita health spending (CNY2349, USD382.4). National spending on adolescent health was 73.1% on curative care and 10.3% on preventive care. Out-of-pocket spending is the major source of adolescent health financing, contributing to 57.9% of total spending on adolescent health. Spending on respiratory, digestive, injury and poisoning, genitourinary diseases, and neoplasms accounted for 59.8% of curative care expenditures on adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Current financing mechanism on adolescent health stressed on curative care and imposed a large portion of financial burden on households. Future investment on adolescent health shall focus more on preventive care. Financing schemes shall be adjusted so as to reduce household out-of-pocket spending on medical care used by adolescents.
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Simegn A, Tiruneh D, Seid T, Ayalew F. Contraceptive Demand, Utilization and Associated Factors Among University Female Students in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Open Access J Contracept 2020; 11:157-165. [PMID: 33116966 PMCID: PMC7553260 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s267966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, university students fall in the youth group which is prone to unattended sexual risks, including unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. One of the key strategies to prevent these problems is to use contraceptives. Therefore, the study was aimed at assessing contraceptive utilization and factors hindering their utilization. Objective The objective of the study was to assess contraceptive demand, utilization, and associated factors among university female students in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. From seven universities, three of them were randomly selected. A multistage sampling method was used. Finally, a simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. Data were entered via Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Results are presented using text, tables, and graphs. Results A total of 1276 respondents participated in the study with a response rate of 98.8%. The median age of the participants is 21.37 years (SD=1.88 years). About 398 (31.2%) of the respondents had sexual intercourse within the last 12 months. However, only 207 (16.2%) of the respondents were currently using contraceptives. Marital status, year of study, history of having information and previous discussion on contraceptives were found to be significantly associated. Married participants had a 94.4% lower contraceptive utilization compared with unmarried participants [0.056 (0.03- 0.12)]. Third year students were 50% less likely to use contraceptives compared to 2nd year students [0.50 (0.30- 0.82)]. Those having previous information on contraceptives [7.7 (1.01- 59.8)] and discussions with someone else [2.3 (1.5-3.6)] were 7.7- and 2.3-times more likely to use contraceptives than their counterparts, respectively. Conclusion Contraceptive utilization among university female students is low. For students, new information, education and communication strategies for sexual and reproductive health issues should be launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Simegn
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tiruneh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Seid
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Florence Ayalew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Lyu J, Shen X, Hesketh T. Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours among Undergraduate Students in China-Implications for Sex Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186716. [PMID: 32942651 PMCID: PMC7559109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite rapid modernization and improving gender equity in China in recent decades, traditional values prevail in many areas of life, including sexual behavior. This study aimed to explore gender differences in sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors, as well as preferences for sex education among undergraduates in China. METHODS A cross-sectional study surveyed 5965 undergraduates (62.8% females), aged 15 to 24 years from nine universities in Zhejiang, Henan and Yunnan provinces, from September to November 2019. RESULTS Of the total sample, 158 (2.6%) self-identified as homosexual, 287 (4.8%) as bisexual and 324 (5.4%) stated they were unclear about their sexual identity. The mean sexual knowledge score out of 12 was 6.16 ± 2.54 points. Ever having sexual intercourse was reported by 18.7% (27.0% males, and 13.9% females). Students from urban backgrounds, and those with homosexual and bisexual orientation were more likely to have had sexual intercourse. Most students (72.5%) reported that they would prefer to receive sex education from on-line sources. CONCLUSIONS Female students are significantly more conservative in sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors. Low levels of sexual knowledge contribute to risk behaviors among Chinese adolescents. China needs to develop and widely disseminate on-line sex education, with practical, age-appropriate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lyu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- The Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (T.H.)
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Wang Y, Chen M, Tan S, Qu X, Wang H, Liang X, Gaoshan J, Li L, Hong P, Jiang L, Tang K. The socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of contraceptive use among Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2020; 17:125. [PMID: 32807181 PMCID: PMC7433035 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese youth have become more sexually active over the years, yet their behaviours of contraceptive use are influenced by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of contraceptive use among Chinese college students, and to investigate quantitatively their reasons for choosing different contraceptive methods. METHODS The study used the data from a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in 2015 among 17,517 students from 130 colleges and professional schools in mainland China. Chi-square tests were performed to test the differences in the awareness and uses of contraceptives between male and female students. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and contraceptive uses. RESULTS Condoms (95%), oral contraceptives (91%) and emergency contraceptives (71%) were the most commonly known contraceptive methods among the sample of Chinese youth that were surveyed. Among male participants, high monthly expenditure (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.07-1.75), light alcohol consumption (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.03-2.11), and high sexual knowledge (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.57-2.45) were positively associated with contraceptive uses, while tobacco use (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23-0.95) showed a negative association with contraceptive uses. Among female students, suburban residency (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.03-1.83), high level of parental education (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.19-3.22), moderate alcohol consumption (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.05-6.77), and high sexual knowledge (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.18-1.91) were positively associated with contraceptive uses, while tobacco use (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.36-0.99) showed a negative association. CONCLUSIONS A series of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with contraceptive choices among Chinese college students. Targeted sexual education programs are in demand to improve the awareness and the use of contraceptives in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084 China
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Minne Chen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Shihui Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, No 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xueqi Qu
- School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Hanyu Wang
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, No 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Xiao Liang
- China Family Planning Association, Building 35, Shaoyaoju Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Junjian Gaoshan
- United Nations Population Fund China, Liangmahe Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Lihe Li
- China Family Planning Association, Building 35, Shaoyaoju Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ping Hong
- China Family Planning Association, Building 35, Shaoyaoju Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Li Jiang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084 China
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Exploring Chinese College Students' HPV Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intent of HPV Vaccination: a Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 36:1211-1218. [PMID: 32314310 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the world's most prevalent sexually transmitted infection and causes cancers. In China, about 47,739 deaths occur annually from HPV-related cervical cancer, and this number continues to increase. HPV vaccines have shown promising results in preventing HPV-associated cancers; however, the vaccination rate in Chinese college students remains extremely low. This qualitative research explored Chinese college students' HPV-related awareness, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and their vaccination intention as well as the strategies promoting vaccination in China. We conducted four focus groups with 18 male and 20 female students; prompts were developed based on the health belief model (HBM). Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, and translated from Chinese to English by three bilingual researchers. Content analysis of the data revealed eight themes addressing HBM. Participants demonstrated high awareness (71% had heard of HPV) with limited knowledge. They perceived very low risks of being infected but expressed high vaccination intention if the cost was covered by the government. Participants identified reasons that facilitate and prevent vaccination and proposed culturally and developmentally congruent strategies to promote vaccination in China. It is essential to address facilitators and barriers at individual, societal, political, and cultural levels to promote HPV vaccination in Chinese college students.
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Tusimin M, Yee CL, Razak NZSA, Zainol MI, Minhat HS, Rejali Z. Sociodemographic determinants of knowledge and attitude in the primary prevention of cervical cancer among University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) students in Malaysia: preliminary study of HPV vaccination. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1454. [PMID: 31690296 PMCID: PMC6833199 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer affecting women around the world in which the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the one of the recognized causative agent affecting women health. In response to this health issue, the Malaysian government had officially implemented the HPV immunisation programme for secondary schoolchildren in 2010 at the age of 13 years old and above. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sociodemographic determinants of knowledge and attitude among students of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) towards the HPV vaccination programme. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, recruiting 374 UTAR's students as the respondents by using convenience sampling method. Respondents were categorized as having good/poor level of knowledge and positive/negative attitude towards HPV vaccination. RESULTS Over half of the respondents were females (64.5%) and the majority were aged 20 years old and below (55.8%). Generally, 54.7% of the total respondents had a high level of knowledge towards HPV vaccine while 57.5% of the total respondents showed a negative attitude towards HPV vaccine. Female respondents aged 20 years old and below showed good knowledge (56.4%) and a more positive attitude (55.8%) towards HPV vaccine. Students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) exhibited higher knowledge (67.3%) and positive attitude (62.4%) as compared to the Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM) which showed only 32.7% of knowledge and 37.6% of positive attitude towards the HPV vaccination. CONCLUSION The majority of UTAR students possess good knowledge regarding HPV vaccination. Nonetheless, they demonstrated a negative attitude towards HPV vaccination, depicting the necessity to impart and further intensify the sense of health awareness among all students, especially among male students. The judicious use of social media apart from the conventional mass media should be an advantage as to enhance the practice of HPV vaccination among them and thereafter minimize the health and economic burdens of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiza Tusimin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chek Lo Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nur Zarifah Syahmi Abdul Razak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Izwan Zainol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Kassahun EA, Zeleke LB, Dessie AA, Gersa BG, Oumer HI, Derseh HA, Arage MW, Azeze GG. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in Maichew Town, Northern Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:381. [PMID: 31277714 PMCID: PMC6612166 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintended pregnancy is one of the most public health issues in the world, and it is the major sexual and reproductive health problem which carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality for women, often due to unsafe abortion. Even though family planning services are effective and available than ever before, unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are the major public health problems in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the magnitude and associated factors of unintended pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal care follow up in Maichew town, northern Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 329 pregnant women selected with a systematic sampling technique from April 5 to May 4, 2017. RESULT The magnitude of unintended pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Maichew was found to be 29.7% (95% CI 24.30, 35.50). On the other hand, single in marital status (AOR = 38.6, 95% CI 10.07, 148.01), living alone (AOR = 9.9, 95% CI 1.80, 53.40) and having three or four children (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.10, 11.04) were factors associated with an unintended pregnancy. Creating awareness about unintended pregnancy associated factors and implication of unintended pregnancy is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liknaw Bewket Zeleke
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Addisu Dessie
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Hunegnaw Alemaw Derseh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Wodaje Arage
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Male knowledge, attitude and practice and partner pregnancy among Chinese unmarried youth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214452. [PMID: 30913268 PMCID: PMC6435183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early pregnancy among unmarried youth is a serious public health challenge. Male youth’s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and its association with the risk of their sexual partners’ pregnancy in China remains unexplored. This study investigates the KAP among Chinese unmarried male youth aged 15–24 years and identifies its association with partner pregnancy using nationally representative data from Survey of Youth Access to Reproductive Health in China (YARHC) in 2009. Methods Chi-square tests were applied to explore the prevalence of partner pregnancy by male youth’s KAP of SRH and logistic regression were applied to identify the associations of partner pregnancy with knowledge, attitudes and practice among male youth. Results Among 2853 sexually experienced male youth, totally 597 unmarried male youth caused 852 partner pregnancies and the prevalence rate was 20.93%. Lacking the knowledge of contraception access (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44–0.99) was significantly associated with lower risk of causing partner pregnancy. Contraception discussion before (1.49, 1.04–2.11) or after first sexual intercourse (1.46, 1.11–1.93), not using valid contraception (1.29, 1.03–1.64) and male contraception decision-maker (1.79, 1.41–2.28) were significantly associated with higher risk of causing partner pregnancy. Conclusion Our results indicated that male youth’s knowledge and behaviors of sexual and reproductive health were significantly associated with the risk of causing partner pregnancy, and highlighted the importance and need of sexual and reproductive programs targeting male for the prevention of unintended partner pregnancy in China.
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Liu J, Wu S, Xu J, Temmerman M, Zhang WH. Is Repeat Abortion a Public Health Problem among Chinese Adolescents? A Cross-Sectional Survey in 30 Provinces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050794. [PMID: 30841501 PMCID: PMC6427833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese Family Planning (FP) programme mainly focuses on married couples, and young unmarried women have limited access. This cross-sectional study aims to identify risk factors related to repeat abortions in Chinese adolescents receiving abortions. Data were collected using a questionnaire for all women seeking abortions within 12 weeks of pregnancy during a period of 2 months in 297 participating hospitals randomly selected across 30 provinces of China in 2013. Only the adolescents (younger than the minimum legal married age of 20 years) were included in this study. Of the 2370 adolescents who were receiving abortions, 927 (39%) were undergoing repeat abortions. The primary reason for the current unintended pregnancies was non-use of contraception (68%). Adolescents receiving abortions who had an increased risk of repeat abortions were those who had children (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.80⁻3.67), those who resided in a middle-developed region (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.30⁻2.50), those who resided in a relatively poor region (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.78⁻3.23), and those who had used contraception during the 6 months preceding the survey (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12⁻1.71 for condom use). The occupation as a student was a protective factor for adolescents (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50⁻0.83). Adolescents should be offered equal access to FP to that of married women in China to reduce unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions. Correct and consistent contraception practice should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Liu
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Shangchun Wu
- The National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jialin Xu
- Chengde Nursing Vocational College, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- The Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
- Research Centre for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang MY, Zhang WH, Mu Y, Temmerman M, Li JK, Zheng A. Contraceptive practices among unmarried women in China, 1982-2017: systematic review and meta-analysis. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:54-60. [PMID: 30656978 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1555641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premarital sexual practices and contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among unmarried women in China remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate CPR and analyse contraceptive methods used by unmarried women between 1982 and 2017. METHODS Wanfang, The China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched. Data on CPR and use of major contraceptive methods were extracted and pooled using a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model. RESULTS Of 188 articles retrieved from five databases, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall CPR based on a random effects meta-analysis was 32.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.7%, 39.8%). Pooled rates of contraceptive use were 61.4% (95% CI 47.9%, 74.9%) for condoms, 25.9% (95% CI 14.5%, 37.4%) for pills, 19.8% (95% CI 8.9%, 30.8%) for the rhythm method and 25.4% (95% CI 14.2%, 36.7%) for the withdrawal method. CONCLUSIONS The sexual and reproductive health situation of unmarried women in China seems to have improved little since the 1990s. Our findings may help to optimise reproductive health care programmes and thereby reduce the alarming rates of unplanned pregnancies and abortions among unmarried women in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Wang
- a Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children , Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- c International Centre for Reproductive Health , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,d School of Public Health , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Yi Mu
- b Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children , Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- c International Centre for Reproductive Health , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,e Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Aga Khan University , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Jin-Ke Li
- a Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Ai Zheng
- a Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
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Mao L, Bai W, Huo Y, Zhou Y, Yao C, Xi S, Chen X, Sun Y. Cross-sectional study of contraceptive use among Chinese women of reproductive age: results based on a mobile application (APP)-derived data. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297:1193-1199. [PMID: 29468308 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the contraceptive status among Chinese women of reproductive age and factors associated with contraceptive methods. METHODS A cross-sectional study from November 2015 to January 2016 was conducted. We used APP to collect demographics and contraceptive use information of women aged 14-44 years in China. RESULTS A total of 23,669 women completed the study. After data cleaning, 19,768 (83.5%) women were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 78.9%; while 21.05% of women did not use any method, condoms (40.10%), rhythm, or withdrawal (31.03%) were the most commonly used methods. When contraceptive methods were divided into four categories-long-acting contraceptives (LAC), short-acting contraceptive (SAC), Others, and "No use"-the prevalence was 6.1% (601/19,678), 40.8% (8022/19,678), 35.1% (6912/19,678), and 21.1% (4143/19,678), respectively. Women with a high level of education, being unmarried, and sexually active women tended to choose SAC; married women were associated with LAC usage. Women with irregular menstrual cycle used a high proportion of emergency contraception. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of contraceptive use was 78.9%, with condom use being most prominent. Young women of reproductive age have low awareness of contraception. Relevant departments should take necessary measures to improve this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuliang Huo
- Department of Medical Statistics Office, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Medical Statistics Office, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Family, personal, and social factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods during the first sexual experience in adolescent women. J Public Health Policy 2017; 39:100-110. [DOI: 10.1057/s41271-017-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Objective Induced abortion is widely practiced in China. However, the information on induced abortion is limited. A national cross-sectional survey was designed to determine the risk factors of induced abortion among Chinese women with one child. Methods We sampled 16,881 Chinese women with one living child for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect induced abortion and related health information. The National Research Institute for Family Planning of China conducted a cross-sectional study among women who had delivered a baby between 2006 and 2008. Information was collected in relation to demographic characteristics (age, ethnicity, region, area etc.), social economic status (education level and occupation), marriage, and the attitude towards potential child’s gender. Multi-logistic regression was used to test potential predictors for conducting abortion stratified by consistency between gender preference and current infants’ gender, and indicating adjusted estimation on selected models of risk factors for abortion. Results The mean age of participants was 27.96 ± 4.10 years (median 27 years). Among those women, the prevalence of induced abortion was 8.13 %. In the final model, females living in rural areas (OR = 1.21, 95 %CI: 1.04–1.39), individuals ages 18–25 (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99), individuals ages 30 or older (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.42–1.86), and single individuals (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05–2.83) were more likely to experience induced abortion. Wife gender preference (OR = 0.66, 95 %CI: 0.53–0.83), husband gender preference (Boy: OR = 1.33, 95 %CI: 1.10–1.63; Girl: OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.22–1.86), and the area where the individuals were located were significantly associated with the reporting of induced abortion. Conclusion The prevalence of induced abortion is high among married women with child in China. There are also socio-demographic characteristics associated with induced abortion in China.
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Shen Q, Shu L, Luo H, Hu X, Zhu X. The use of mifepristone in abortion associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6680. [PMID: 28445268 PMCID: PMC5413233 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between widespread use of mifepristone in abortions and risk of uterine leiomyomas.We conducted a case-control study of 305 patients with uterine leiomyomas between January 2011 and July 2012; 311 women with ordinary vaginitis were selected as controls during the same period. Data were collected by questionnaires (including past history, life history, menstruation history, reproductive history, abortion history, the use of mifepristone, and uterine leiomyomas risk factors) and calculated by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses; odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval were calculated to estimate the risk for uterine leiomyomas.Abortion with mifepristone was one of the risk factors for uterine leiomyomas, and the risk increased with increasing frequency of mifepristone use. Family history of uterine leiomyomas, body mass index, age at menarche, number of full-term delivery, and medical abortion history were also correlated with uterine leiomyomas.The use of mifepristone in abortion will increase the risk to develop uterine leiomyomas.
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Coronado PJ, Delgado-Miguel C, Rey-Cañas A, Herráiz MA. Sexual and reproductive health in Spanish University Students. A comparison between medical and law students. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2016; 11:97-101. [PMID: 28159136 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe behaviors and knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health of Spanish university students and their association with the subject area studied (biomedical or not). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional observational study conducted with 2074 students aged 18-24years from the University Complutense of Madrid in the Faculties of Medicine and Law. Simple random stratified sampling without replacement was performed. A self-administered, anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was distributed. It was based on the Youth Risk Health Behavior Survey and assessed behavior and knowledge in three areas: sex, contraceptive methods (CM) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). RESULTS In total, 83.5% of respondents had had sexual intercourse, from a mean age of 16.8years and with a mean of 3.4 sexual partners. Compared with the law students (LS), fewer medical students (MS) were sexually active, they had a later age of sexual initiation and they had had fewer sexual partners (p<0.001). High regular use of contraceptive methods was observed (92.8%), with no significant differences between groups, although LS had had more unprotected sex and had more often used emergency contraception than had MS (p<0.001). In total, 81.5% of respondents knew about the vaccine against human papillomavirus, 60.8% its relationship with cancer and 43.2% had been vaccinated, the rates being significantly higher in MS (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The behavior and knowledge of medical students in relation to sexual and reproductive health differed from those of law students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pluvio J Coronado
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Delgado-Miguel
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Rey-Cañas
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Herráiz
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Mohammed F, Musa A, Amano A. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among pregnant woman attending ANC at Gelemso General Hospital, Oromiya Region, East Ethiopia: a facility based cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 27534851 PMCID: PMC4989486 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Unintended pregnancy is among the major public health problems that predispose women to maternal death and illness mainly through unsafe abortion and poor maternity care. The level of unintended pregnancy is high in developing countries. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and the associated factors among pregnant woman attending antenatal care at Gelemso General Hospital, East Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10 to April 13, 2015 among women who had attended antenatal care at Gelemso General Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 413 participants. Data were collected via face-to-face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were made to check the associations among the variables and to control the confounding factors. Results Out of the 413 pregnancies, 112 (27.1 %) were unintended of which 90(21.9 %) were mistimed, and 22(5.2 %) were unwanted. Multivariate analysis revealed that single, divorced/widowed marital statuses, having more than 2 children, and having no awareness of contraception were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Conclusion Over a quarter of women had an unintended pregnancy, a rate which is lower than previously reported. Designing and implementing strategies that address contraceptive needs of unmarried, divorced and widowed women, creating awareness of contraceptives at community level and reinforcing postnatal contraceptive counseling to all mothers giving birth at health institution is recommended to reduce the rate of the unintended pregnancy among parous women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-016-0335-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Mohammed
- Head of Obstetrics ward midwives, Gelemso General Hospital, Oromiya region, Gelemso, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdulbasit Musa
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdella Amano
- Department of biostatistics and epidemiology, school of public and Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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