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Yazdani H, Zahedi-Khorasani M, Ghanbari A, Khaleghian A, Doostmohammadi A, Miladi-Gorji H. Raha syrup attenuates the morphine withdrawal-induced locomotor sensitisation by increasing the cerebrospinal fluid serotonin in rats receiving the opium tincture maintenance treatment. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38919055 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2370041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Morphine withdrawal increases locomotor sensitisation, relapse and impair regulation of serotonin system. We evaluated the effectiveness of Raha syrup on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin levels following locomotor sensitisation in morphine-withdrawn rats receiving the opium tincture (OT). Morphine withdrawal rats gavaged daily with OT and Raha syrup (for 30 days) and then challenged with morphine and evaluated for locomotor activity and CSF serotonin levels before morphine challenge and 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. Raha syrup attenuated locomotor activity, increased the CSF serotonin after morphine challenge, and continued 2 weeks after cessation of treatment in rats receiving OT. Whereas, rats receiving OT alone after morphine challenge exhibited a relative decrease in locomotor activity, without changing CSF serotonin. Raha syrup attenuated locomotor sensitisation in morphine-withdrawn rats receiving OT probably by increasing serotonin. Therefore, administration of Raha syrup along with OT may benefit to treatment relapse in addicts receiving OT maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yazdani
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi-Khorasani
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Doostmohammadi
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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2
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Setiawan A, Sahar J, Santoso B, Mansyur M, Syamsir SB. Coping Mechanisms Utilized by Individuals With Drug Addiction in Overcoming Challenges During the Recovery Process: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:197-211. [PMID: 38726579 PMCID: PMC11164602 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.24.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recovery from drug addiction often poses challenges for the recovering person. The coping mechanisms employed by these individuals to resist temptations and manage stress play a key role in the healing process. This study was conducted to explore the coping strategies or techniques that individuals with addiction use to handle stress and temptation while undergoing treatment. METHODS A qualitative meta-synthesis approach was utilized to critically evaluate relevant qualitative research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used for article selection, with these standards applied to 4 academic databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL. The present review included studies published between 2014 and 2023, selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42024497789. RESULTS The analysis of 13 qualifying qualitative articles revealed 5 major themes illustrating the coping mechanisms employed in the pursuit of recovery by individuals who use drugs. These themes include seeking social support, as well as psychological coping strategies, spiritual experiences, professional interventions, and the enhancement of awareness. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with drug addiction, coping mechanisms are crucial for resisting stress and temptations throughout the recovery process. Healthcare professionals, as medical specialists, can establish more thorough and effective plans to support these patients on their path to recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Setiawan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Junaiti Sahar
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Budi Santoso
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Mo X, Jiang P, Sun J, Lu L, Li L, Huang X, Xu J, Li J, Zhang J, Gong Q. Mapping structural covariance networks of emotional withdrawal symptoms in males with methamphetamine use disorder during abstinence. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13394. [PMID: 38627958 PMCID: PMC11021798 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) often experience anxiety and depressive symptoms during abstinence, which can worsen the likelihood of relapse. Thus, it is essential to understand the neuro-mechanism behind methamphetamine use and its associated emotional withdrawal symptoms in order to develop effective clinical strategies. This study aimed to evaluate associations between emotional withdrawal symptoms and structural covariance networks (SCNs) based on cortical thickness (CTh) across the brain. The CTh measures were obtained from Tl-weighted MRI data from a sample of 48 males with MUD during abstinence and 48 male healthy controls. The severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and depression (HAMD) scales. Two important nodes belonging to the brain reward system, the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (medPFC), were selected as seeds to conduct SCNs and modulation analysis by emotional symptoms. MUDs showed higher structural covariance between the right rACC and regions in the dorsal attention, right frontoparietal, auditory, visual and limbic networks. They also displayed higher structural covariance between the right medPFC and regions in the limbic network. Moreover, the modulation analysis showed that higher scores on HAMA were associated with increased covariance between the right rACC and the left parahippocampal and isthmus cingulate cortex in the default mode network. These outcomes shed light on the complex neurobiological mechanisms underlying methamphetamine use and its associated emotional withdrawal symptoms and may provide new insights into the development of effective treatments for MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Mo
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- College of Electrical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China Medical Publishers, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junran Zhang
- College of Electrical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
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Dai W, Zhou H, Møller A, Wei P, Hu K, Feng K, Han J, Li Q, Liu X. Patients with Methamphetamine Use Disorder Show Highly Utilized Proactive Inhibitory Control and Intact Reactive Inhibitory Control with Long-Term Abstinence. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080974. [PMID: 35892415 PMCID: PMC9394348 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic brain disorder that involves frequent failures of inhibitory control and relapses into methamphetamine intake. However, it remains unclear whether the impairment of inhibitory control in MUD is proactive, reactive or both. To address this issue, the current study used the conditional stop-signal task to assess proactive and reactive inhibitory control in 35 MUD patients with long-term abstinence and 35 matched healthy controls. The results showed that MUD patients with long-term abstinence had greater preparation costs than healthy controls, but did not differ in performance, implying a less efficient utilization of proactive inhibitory control. In contrast, MUD patients exhibited intact reactive inhibitory control; reactive but not proactive inhibitory control was associated with high sensation seeking in MUD patients with long-term abstinence. These findings suggest that proactive and reactive inhibitory control may be two different important endophenotypes of addiction in MUD patients with long-term abstinence. The current study provides new insight into the uses of proactive and reactive inhibitory control to effectively evaluate and precisely treat MUD patients with long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weine Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (W.D.); (H.Z.)
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (W.D.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, Lake Superior State University, Sault St. Marie, MI 49783, USA;
| | - Kezhuang Feng
- Hebei Female Drug Rehabilitation Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; (K.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Han
- Hebei Female Drug Rehabilitation Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; (K.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (W.D.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (X.L.)
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li N, Chen Z. Altered neural processing of social reward in male heroin abstainers. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 176:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li MT, Zhang J, Zhang DC, Che QQ, Liu ZL, Yang PW, Luo XW, Cai TS. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale in a Chinese Sample. Front Psychol 2021; 12:717029. [PMID: 34764905 PMCID: PMC8576389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In contrast to the drug situation in the rest of the world, synthetic drugs, rather than traditional drugs, have been the dominant abused drugs in China since 2019. However, the public misconception that synthetic drugs are not as addictive as traditional drugs, such as opioids and the scarcity of specific measurement instruments, have hindered the clinical diagnosis and treatment of synthetic drug abusers, thus the development of a localized instrument to evaluate dependence on synthetic drugs is in urgently needed. Method: Using a sample of 618 Chinese synthetic drug abusers (Mean age = 34.69 years; 44.17% female), the present study developed and examined the psychometric properties of a self-reporting instrument, the Synthetic Drug Dependence Scale (SDDS), which consists of four subscales: physical dependence, psychological dependence, health injury, and social function injury. Results: The SDDS revealed a three-factor model structure (weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 0.876, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.965, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.953, and Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070), with good internal consistency (composite reliability = 0.912, alfa = 0.801) and convergent validity. Elevated scores on the SDDS were associated with a higher level of reward sensitivity, punishment sensitivity, and stronger impulsivity. Interestingly, psychological dependence was the only significant predictor (p < 0.05) of criterion variables compared with the other three subscales, implying the important role of psychological factors in synthetic drugs dependence. Adequate measurement equivalence across sex, age (18–30 and 31–57 years old), and employment group (employed and unemployed) was also established. Conclusion: The SDDS appears to be an effective and reliable instrument that could be used to further investigate the characteristics of synthetic and traditional drug dependence, promoting a deeper understanding of the physical and psychological roles in drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ting Li
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Corrective Education, Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Zhang
- School of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Che
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze-Lan Liu
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Wei Luo
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tai-Sheng Cai
- The Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Xu S, Zhang K, Luo T. Development of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale for methamphetamine abusers in China. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108992. [PMID: 34482042 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapse to Methamphetamine (MA) use is among the public concerns nowadays, which result in adverse outcomes associated with physical and mental health problems. This study aimed to develop the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale (RRAS) for Chinese MA abusers. METHOD A sample of 438 MA abusers aged between 17 and 58 years (M ± SD age = 34.08 ± 8.61 years) in compulsory detoxification institutes were randomly divided into sub-sample 1 (n = 223) and sub-sample 2 (n = 215) for conducting exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis respectively. RESULTS Compared four-factor model with 19 items and three-factor model with 16 items using principal axis factoring, the three-factor solution showed better model fit. Three factors were identified in RRAS: Craving for MA, Social Recognition, and Attitude towards MA which accounted for 50.06 % of the variance in total. The results of confirmation factor analysis demonstrated good model fits (CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.050; GFI = 0.92). The internal consistency analysis indicated that the three-factor model had satisfactory reliability with Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.71 to 0.88 for different factors. Overall, the results showed that the RRAS had good construct validity and satisfactory reliability, suggesting that it was a good instrument for measuring the relapse of MA. CONCLUSIONS The RRAS with good psychometric properties provides a promising future for developing effective relapse prevention programs for MA abusers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Xu
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Political Science & Law, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Political Science & Law, China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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8
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Marino RAM, Girven KS, Figueiredo A, Navarrete J, Doty C, Sparta DR. Binge ethanol drinking associated with sex-dependent plasticity of neurons in the insula that project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108695. [PMID: 34233202 PMCID: PMC8928450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modifications in brain regions that govern reward-seeking are thought to contribute to persistent behaviors that are heavily associated with alcohol-use disorder (AUD) including binge ethanol drinking. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical node linked to both alcohol consumption and the onset, maintenance and progression of adaptive anxiety and stress-related disorders. Differences in anatomy, connectivity and receptor subpopulations, make the BNST a sexually dimorphic region. Previous work indicates that the ventral BNST (vBNST) receives input from the insular cortex (IC), a brain region involved in processing the body's internal state. This IC-vBNST projection has also been implicated in emotional and reward-seeking processes. Therefore, we examined the functional properties of vBNST-projecting, IC neurons in male and female mice that have undergone short-term ethanol exposure and abstinence using a voluntary Drinking in the Dark paradigm (DID) paired with whole-cell slice electrophysiology. First we show that IC neurons projected predominantly to the vBNST. Next, our data show that short-term ethanol exposure and abstinence enhanced excitatory synaptic strength onto vBNST-projecting, IC neurons in both sexes. However, we observed diametrically opposing modifications in excitability across sexes. In particular, short-term ethanol exposure resulted in increased intrinsic excitability of vBNST-projecting, IC neurons in females but not in males. Furthermore, in females, abstinence decreased the excitability of these same neurons. Taken together these findings show that short-term ethanol exposure, as well as the abstinence cause sex-related adaptations in BNST-projecting, IC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A M Marino
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Antonio Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jovana Navarrete
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carolyn Doty
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Dennis R Sparta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Belete H, Ali T, Mekonen T, Fekadu W, Belete T. Perceived stigma and associated factors among adults with problematic substance use in Northwest Ethiopia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:637-644. [PMID: 34093046 PMCID: PMC8169083 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s301251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use-related problems including cigarette smoking and alcohol use are among leading preventable risk factors for premature death. However, people with these problems did not get the appropriate treatment they need. Stigma against substance use could be the potential barrier for people with problematic substance use to seek professional help. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma towards problematic substance use. Methods A total of 2400 participants were screened using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID) questionnaire. We found 540 participants screened positive for problematic substance use (alcohol, hashish, tobacco and khat) and interviewed them for perceived stigma using Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Logistic regression was used to examine associated factors with perceived stigma. Results Three hundred forty-five (63.9%) participants reported perceived stigma above the mean value of Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS). Variables positively associated with perceived stigma were lower wealth and joblessness, history of separation from family members before age of 18 years, poly-substance misuse and awareness about economic crisis of substance use. Conclusion Approximately, three in five people with problematic substance use perceived having been stigmatized by others. Health planning for problematic substance use should focus on stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Belete
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete
- Psychiatry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Girven KS, Aroni S, Navarrete J, Marino RAM, McKeon PN, Cheer JF, Sparta DR. Glutamatergic input from the insula to the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis controls reward-related behavior. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12961. [PMID: 32820590 PMCID: PMC8651178 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from substance use disorder often experience relapse events that are attributed to drug craving. Insular cortex (IC) function is implicated in processing drug-predictive cues and is thought to be a critical substrate for drug craving, but the downstream neural circuit effectors of the IC that mediate reward processing are poorly described. Here, we uncover the functional connectivity of an IC projection to the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST), a portion of the extended amygdala that has been previously shown to modulate dopaminergic activity within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and investigate the role of this pathway in reward-related behaviors. We utilized ex vivo slice electrophysiology and in vivo optogenetics to examine the functional connectivity of the IC-vBNST projection and bidirectionally control IC-vBNST terminals in various reward-related behavioral paradigms. We hypothesized that the IC recruits mesolimbic dopamine signaling by activating VTA-projecting, vBNST neurons. Using slice electrophysiology, we found that the IC sends a glutamatergic projection onto vBNST-VTA neurons. Photoactivation of IC-vBNST terminals was sufficient to reinforce behavior in a dopamine-dependent manner. Moreover, silencing the IC-vBNST projection was aversive and resulted in anxiety-like behavior without affecting food consumption. This work provides a potential mechanism by which the IC processes exteroceptive triggers that are predictive of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey S. Girven
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sonia Aroni
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jovana Navarrete
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rosa A. M. Marino
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Paige N. McKeon
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dennis R. Sparta
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Yang X, Kovarik C, Wang Y, Yu S. A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety Symptoms and the Associated Factors Among Chinese Drug Users Undergoing Compulsory Detoxification Treatment. Front Public Health 2021; 9:524068. [PMID: 33777872 PMCID: PMC7990875 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.524068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsory drug detoxification treatment (CDT) is currently the major drug rehabilitation modality in China, and drug users often suffer from extraordinary levels of stress during CDT, leading to a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms. This study assesses anxiety symptoms of the drug users undergoing CDT and explores the associated factors. A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling was conducted in three cities in Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Nine hundred CDT drug users were interviewed face-to-face with Chinese questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms among the CDT drug users was substantially high (33.2%). HMR analysis indicated perceived stress and characteristics of drug use such as types of drugs, were the most important contributors to anxiety symptoms. Optimism (LOT-R) played a protective role in reducing anxiety symptoms in this population. Anxiety symptoms of drug users undergoing CDT were present in a significant proportion of the CDT population. Optimism is a protective factor which could attenuate the detrimental effects of perceived stress on anxiety symptoms and potentially improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Carrie Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuke Wang
- Liaoning Juvenile's Compulsory Drug Detention Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenshui Yu
- Liaoning Juvenile's Compulsory Drug Detention Center, Shenyang, China
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12
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Social isolation enhances cued-reinstatement of sucrose and nicotine seeking, but this is reversed by a return to social housing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2422. [PMID: 33510269 PMCID: PMC7843648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical or perceived (i.e. loneliness) social isolation is increasing in Western cultures. Unfortunately, social isolation is associated with a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes, including increased incidence of obesity and smoking. Here we monitored the impact of social isolation on a range of physical measures, and then tested whether social isolation in adult rats changes how reward-related stimuli motivate sucrose- or nicotine-seeking. Socially isolated rats showed elevated baseline CORT, gained significantly less weight across the study, were more active in response to a novel or familiar environment. Isolated rats also acquired nose-poking for a food pellet more rapidly, and showed increased susceptibility to cue-, but not reward-induced reinstatement. Notably, these effects are partially mitigated by a return to group housing, suggesting that they are not necessarily permanent, and that a return to a social setting can quickly reverse any deficits or changes associated with social isolation. This study advances our understanding of altered reward-processing in socially isolated individuals and reiterates the importance of socialisation in the treatment of disorders such as overeating and addiction.
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Tang H, Li M, Yan X, Lu Z, Jia Z. Modeling the Dynamics of Drug Spreading in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E288. [PMID: 33401693 PMCID: PMC7796082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuse remains one of the major public health issues at the global level. In this article, we propose a drug epidemic model with a complete addiction-rehabilitation-recovery process, which allows the initiation of new users under the influence of drug addicts undergoing treatment and hidden drug addicts. We first conduct qualitative analyses of the dynamical behaviors of the model, including the existence and positivity of the solutions, the basic reproduction number, global asymptotic stabilities of both the drug-free and the drug-persistent equilibria, as well as sensitivity analysis. Then we use the model to predict the drug epidemic in China during 2020-2030. Finally, we numerically simulate the potential impact of intervention strategies on different drug users. The results show that the drug epidemic will decrease significantly during 2020-2030, and the most effective intervention strategy to eliminate drug epidemics is to strengthen the investigation and rehabilitation admission of hidden drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Mingtao Li
- School of Mathematics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Yang J, Giummarra MJ. Compulsory and voluntary drug treatment models in China: A need for improved evidence-based policy and practice to reduce the loaded burden of substance use disorders. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 92:103063. [PMID: 33303344 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In China, the majority of people who use drugs (PWUD) identified by authorities are admitted to compulsory isolated detoxification centers in which their treatment is administered by administrative and judicial systems that restrict their freedom. China's compulsory isolated detoxification centers have been criticized as an abuse of human rights. The two other primary models of drug treatment in China include community-based treatment and medically-oriented voluntary treatment. This article presents an overview of the three primary treatment models for PWUD currently practiced in China. The existing compulsory and voluntary treatment models predominantly operate separately from each other, and lack evidence-based guidelines. A drug treatment system that embraces social support, psychosocial interventions and well-qualified health-based workforce is currently lacking. We propose that China needs to employ a localized model that is composed of well-facilitated and evidence-based treatment methods for both compulsory and voluntary treatment for PWUD to reduce the burden of illicit drug use. The implementation of these models of care, however, need to be tailored to the country's historical background, large population of PWUD and cultural settings in order to succeed. Urgent changes in drug treatment policies and practices are needed by the Chinese governments at different levels, organizations and front-line practitioners if we are to see a reduction in the incidence and impact of harms related to substance use in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Director of Shenzhen Bohou Social Work Service Center, China.
| | - Melita J Giummarra
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Caulfield Hospital, Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
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Farnia V, Abdoli N, Radmehr F, Alikhani M, Moradinazar M, Rezaei M, Behrooz B, Davarinejad O. Validation of the Persian version of the AWAER questionnaire (preventive warning of relapse – revised form) in methamphetamine users. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1838633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abdoli
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farnaz Radmehr
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Behrooz
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Omron Davarinejad
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Liu L, Cao Q. Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality among Chinese Drug Users: Analysis of Rumination as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Salari N, Jalali A, Abdam B, Abdi A, Daryoushi H. Validation and psychometric properties of the community assessment inventory in Iranian persons who use drug. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:46. [PMID: 32682438 PMCID: PMC7368702 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Social support is a key factor in the treatment and rehabilitation process of persons who use drug (PWUD). This highlights the need for a valid and reliable tool for assessing social support. The cultural and psychometric properties of community assessment inventory (CAI) in PWUDs under methadone therapy were examined in Iran in 2019. Methods The study was carried out as a validation and methodological study. At first, the original tool was translated into Farsi using forward-backward method. After ensuring face validity and content validity, construct reliability of the tool was supported using explorative and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA & CFA) using a sample group of 392 participants. The participants were selected through convenient-quota sampling from 24 drug clinics. Reliability of the questionnaire was supported using Pearson correlation coefficient and internal consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha. Results To determine content validity of the tool, CVI and CVR of it were obtained, which were on average equal to 0.79 and 0.59 respectively. The EFA supported correlation of the 37itmes of the tool (KMO = 0.975, Chi-square = 15,051.6, Pvalue=0.0001). The main indices of the model, based on CFA were higher than 0.9, which support goodness of fit of the model (χ2/DF = 2.98, CFI = 0.91, NFI, TLI = 0.905 GF = 0.92, REMSEA = 0.07, R2 = 0.99). Reliability of the tool based on internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the subscales were in 0.8–0.95 interval and equal to 0.85 for the whole tool. Conclusion As the results showed, CAI had acceptable indices for Iranian PWUDs under methadone therapy. The tool can be used for assessing social support level in the study population. It is a reliable and valid tool for studies in pertinent fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Jalali
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behzad Abdam
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooman Daryoushi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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18
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Moon SJE, Lee H. Relapse to substance use: A concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2020; 55:523-530. [PMID: 32350881 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of relapse is ubiquitous in the health literature related to addiction. Nevertheless, relapse is-and has been-described and measured under various definitions, which precipitates confusion, inconsistency, and stigma. This study aimed to (a) clarify the meaning of relapse and (b) present a comprehensive definition of relapse vis-à-vis substance use. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was followed to analyze the relapse using CINAHL, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases. Three key attributes of relapse were identified: (a) interruption of abstinence, (b) vulnerability to uncontrollable substance-related behavior and/or cues, (c) a transition to potential progression or regression. Antecedents and consequences of attributes were identified, followed by the construction of the model and additional cases. Relapse is defined conceptually as either a transition to regression or a progression in the process of recovery, prompted by a return to the previous behavior of substance use, despite the intention to stay abstinent. A standardized definition and understanding of relapse not only minimize confusion, inconsistency, and social and self-stigma associated with the term but also helps provide relapse-sensitive care with accurate methods of assessment and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ju Esther Moon
- Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Gao H, Liu M, Luo X, Zhang J, Cai T. Application of the Chinese version of the addiction profile index (API) in drug users: an analysis of validity and measurement invariance across genders. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:28. [PMID: 32272937 PMCID: PMC7146950 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background In China, substance use disorders represent a significant burden on public health and the economy. However, while the range of drugs and drug markets expands and diversifies, the instruments available to evaluate users’ dependence statuses from multiple dimensions have become insufficient. Accordingly, the present study presents the Chinese version of the Addiction Profile Index (API), explores its reliability and validity, and investigates the measurement invariance between males and females with substance use disorders. Methods The API, a self-report questionnaire, was administered to 2252 people with substance use disorders who were undergoing treatment in compulsory detoxification institutions located in five provinces in China (943 females; mean age = 33.5 years old, SD = 8.6). Additionally, to ensure the authenticity of the collected data, the study’s volunteers completed the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), DUDIT-Extended (DUDIT-E), and the Health Scale for Drug Abusers (HSDA). Results The revised API, with its updated substance list, featured 34 items. The new four-factor model, incorporating behavioral symptoms of dependence, impact on social life, cravings, and motivations for detoxification, explained 55.30% of the total variance, indicating a good fit. Moreover, Cronbach’s α and mean item coefficient values showed good internal consistency reliability. Regarding criterion validity, the revised factors were moderately to highly correlated with their corresponding subscales in the DUDIT, DUDIT-E, and HSDA. In addition, the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a measurement invariance of the revised four-factor model across genders was supported, fully assuming different degrees of invariance. The three factors of symptoms, social life, and motivation exhibited significant differences between male and female participants in the t test results (p < 0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of the API shows good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity, and exhibits measurement equivalence across the genders. Therefore, it could be used to comprehensively assess the severity of drug dependence in people with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meizhu Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China.
| | - Taisheng Cai
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Li Q, Chen S, Liu K, Long D, Liu D, Jing Z, Huang X. Differences in Gut Microbial Diversity are Driven by Drug Use and Drug Cessation by Either Compulsory Detention or Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030411. [PMID: 32183228 PMCID: PMC7143234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate differences in gut microbial diversity driven by drug use or by the widely used methods for drug cessation: methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and compulsory detention (CD). Methods: 99 participants (28 CD participants, 16 MMT patients, 27 drug users, and 28 healthy controls) were selected using strict inclusion criteria. Nutritional intake and gut microbial diversity were analyzed with bioinformatics tools and SPSS 20.0. Results: Alpha diversity was not significantly different among groups, whereas beta diversity of gut microbiota and nutrient intake were significantly higher among MMT patients. Taxa were unevenly distributed between groups, with drug users having the highest proportion of Ruminococcus and MMT patients having the highest abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Conclusion: Drug use, cessation method, and diet contribute to shaping human gut communities. High beta diversity among MMT patients is likely driven by methadone use and high nutrient intake, leading to increased orexin A and enrichment for beneficial bacteria, while diversity in CD participants is largely influenced by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Diru Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhengchao Jing
- Mengzi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Mengzi 661199, China
- Correspondence: (Z.J.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Q.L.); (S.C.); (K.L.); (D.L.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.J.); (X.H.)
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21
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Chen S, Ma Y, Cai W, Moretta T, Wang X, Liu T, Potenza MN. Factorial validity of a substance-use stigma scale in methamphetamine-using adults in China. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107677. [PMID: 31732296 PMCID: PMC6980741 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the large number of individuals who use substances of abuse and the stigma of such behaviors in China, scales have not been developed and validated for assessing substance-use stigma. Given its importance for targeting interventions, the aim of the present study was to validate a Chinese substance-use stigma measure including three dimensions of substance-use-disorder-related stigma (personal stigma, perceived stigma and social distance) by modifying a pre-existing scale measuring mental illness-related stigma and social distance. METHODS A convenience sample of eight-hundred-and-twelve individuals with substance abuse (aged 18-68 years) from different drug rehabilitation centers completed a self-reported survey including their demographics and drug use, and the stigma and social distance scales. The adapted, translated from English to Chinese, and back-translated scales were an 18-items stigma scale including personal stigma and perceived stigma subscales and a 5-items one domain social distance scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested factorial validity and measurement invariance of the scales, respectively. RESULTS For the stigma scale, by deleting one low correlation dimension (named "weak-not-sick"), personal stigma and perceived stigma showed acceptable fit indices and internal consistency with two dimensions (named "dangerous/unpredictable" and "social discrimination"), separately. The social distance scale showed good fit indices and internal consistency as a separate facet of stigma-related substance-use problems. Invariance of the model across drug-rehabilitation centers was found. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese substance-use stigma scale may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding substance-use stigma among adults in China who abuse substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weifu Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Xuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lu CY, Chiang CY, Yao Y, Sun FK. Modeling Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being and the Possibility of Relapse Intention in Adults Who Have a History of Substance Use in Taiwan. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2020; 26:196-205. [PMID: 31104578 DOI: 10.1177/1078390319844565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use is a global mental health issue. There has been limited research exploring the relationships among body, mind, and spirit well-being and the possibility of relapse across different categories of substance users. AIMS: The purpose of the current path analysis was to examine the relationship between body-mind-spirit well-being and the possibility of relapse intention as well as other relevant predictors in people who had a history of substance use. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used. Participants were recruited in Southern Taiwan between December 2015 and June 2016. Data were collected from 467 participants who had a history of using controlled substances. RESULTS: Path analysis results revealed that body-mind-spirit well-being was negatively predictive of the possibility of relapse intention. Out of several predictors, stress influence and duration of substance use had direct effects on body-mind-spirit well-being and the possibility of relapse intention, respectively. Stress influence and duration of substance use were associated with decreased body-mind-spirit well-being and increased relapse intention scores. In addition, no history of health problems and male gender were associated with increased body-mind-spirit well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Stress management and the duration of substance use play an important role in body-mind-spirit well-being and relapse intention in people with a history of substance use. Health care professionals could teach substance users coping strategies to address their stress and problems, which may improve their health and reduce the possibility of relapse intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yun Lu
- Chu-Yun Lu, RN, PhD, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City
| | | | - YuChun Yao
- YuChun Yao, RN, EDD, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City
| | - Fan-Ko Sun
- Fan-Ko Sun, RN, PhD, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City
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Zhu Y, Zhong N, Su H, Ruan X, Bao J, Zhang L, Du J, Xu D, Ding R, Xiao K, Zhao M. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of reinitiation into methamphetamine abusers: qualitative findings from an exploration of methamphetamine abusers in Shanghai, China. Gen Psychiatr 2019; 32:e100062. [PMID: 31423475 PMCID: PMC6677938 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals' abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers. AIM To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals' abstinence in a real-life context. METHOD Semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. RESULTS The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeting those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. CONCLUSION This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengthening coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals' sustained abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Ruan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Bao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Bureau of Drug Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjie Ding
- Shanghai Gaojing Compulsory Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Shanghai Gaojing Compulsory Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Khazaee-Pool M, Pashaei T, Nouri R, Taymoori P, Ponnet K. Understanding the relapse process: exploring Iranian women's substance use experiences. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2019; 14:27. [PMID: 31215472 PMCID: PMC6582531 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapse is one of the main challenges that must be tackled in the drug addiction treatment. Different factors contribute to the relapse process but it remains unclear how relapse occursin women. Describing the relapse phenomenon in women might be of interest to practitioners and academics. The aim of this study was to explore the relapse experiences of Iranian women with a substance use disorder. METHODS Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with women with a substance use disorder. The interviews contained open-ended questions regarding relapse experiences during previous treatment. Interviews were digitally recorded. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. RESULTS In total, 20 women who use drugs took part in the study. The mean age of the women was 34.57 (age range = 9.6 years), and the minimum age of participants was 23 years. The following five main themes were explored: socioeconomic backgrounds, physical complications of drug withdrawal, psychological burden of drug withdrawal, family atmosphere, and cultural factors. The findings highlighted the different treatment needs in women with a substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS Based on the interviews, it seems necessary to develop female-specific comprehensive treatment programs by putting more emphasis on pain treatment intervention, relapse prevention, the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, couples counseling, and financial support. Furthermore, policymakers should be committed to providing a nonjudgmental social environment to remove or reduce stigma of women with drug use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khazaee-Pool
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Research Institutes, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Pashaei
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of public health,Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Nouri
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Taymoori
- Department of public health,Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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A scoping review of health-related stigma outcomes for high-burden diseases in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med 2019; 17:17. [PMID: 30764819 PMCID: PMC6376728 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is associated with health conditions that drive disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including HIV, tuberculosis, mental health problems, epilepsy, and substance use disorders. However, the literature discussing the relationship between stigma and health outcomes is largely fragmented within disease-specific siloes, thus limiting the identification of common moderators or mechanisms through which stigma potentiates adverse health outcomes as well as the development of broadly relevant stigma mitigation interventions. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to provide a critical overview of the breadth of research on stigma for each of the five aforementioned conditions in LMICs, including their methodological strengths and limitations. RESULTS Across the range of diseases and disorders studied, stigma is associated with poor health outcomes, including help- and treatment-seeking behaviors. Common methodological limitations include a lack of prospective studies, non-representative samples resulting in limited generalizability, and a dearth of data on mediators and moderators of the relationship between stigma and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implementing effective stigma mitigation interventions at scale necessitates transdisciplinary longitudinal studies that examine how stigma potentiates the risk for adverse outcomes for high-burden health conditions in community-based samples in LMICs.
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Haw NJ, Yang J, Li H, Duo L, Wang Z, Bouey JZH. Challenges and value of peer outreach workers in needle and syringe exchange programs: Evidence from an HIV prevention program in Yunnan province, China. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 19:403-416. [DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1532854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Yang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Duo
- Yundi Harm Reduction Network, Yunnan Drug Dependency Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Liu L, Hsiao SC. Chinese Female Drug Users' Experiences and Attitudes With Institutional Drug Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:4221-4235. [PMID: 29478389 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18758894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With its rapid economic growth and the increased influence of Western culture, China has become a drug-consuming country. Forty-six semistructured interviews were conducted in a compulsory drug treatment institution to document Chinese female drug users' experiences with and attitudes toward two mandated treatment modalities: vocational training and educational activities. Detainees required to participate in first institutional treatment showed enthusiasm and had more positive attitudes; those who had entered the compulsory treatment facilities 2 or more times generally had a negative outlook on their pursuit of abstinence. Although female detainees achieved detoxification in the institution, many relapsed upon release to their community, indicating the institutional compulsory treatment model's failure to ensure long-term abstinence. By revealing four main flaws of the current institutional compulsory treatment, this study indicates the need for a comprehensive treatment system that combines improvements to institutional treatment and development of community-based treatment to address different stages of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- 1 Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Budambula V, Matoka C, Ouma J, Ahmed AA, Otieno MF, Were T. Socio-demographic and sexual practices associated with HIV infection in Kenyan injection and non-injection drug users. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:193. [PMID: 29378631 PMCID: PMC5789578 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use is increasingly becoming prevalent on the African continent, fueling the spread of HIV infection. Although socio-demographic factors influence substance consumption and risk of HIV infection, the association of these factors with HIV infection is poorly understood among substance users on the African continent. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and sexual practices that are associated with HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs), non-IDUs, and non-drug users (DUs) at an urban setting of coastal Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 451 adults comprising HIV-infected and -uninfected IDUs (n = 157 and 39); non-IDUs (n = 17 and 48); and non-DUs (n = 55 and 135); respectively at coastal, Kenya. Respondent driven sampling, snowball and makeshift methods were used to enroll IDUs and non-IDUs. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to enroll non-DUs from the hospital’s voluntary HIV testing unit. Participant assisted questionnaire was used in collecting socio-demographic data and sexual practices. Results Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that higher likelihood of HIV infection was associated with sex for police protection (OR, 9.526; 95% CI, 1.156-78.528; P = 0.036) and history of sexually transmitted infection (OR, 5.117; 95% CI, 1.924-13.485; P = 0.001) in IDUs; divorced, separated or widowed marital status (OR, 6.315; 95% CI, 1.334-29.898; P = 0.020) in non-IDUs; and unemployment (OR, 2.724; 95% CI, 1.049-7.070; P = 0.040) in non-drug users. However, never married (single) marital status (OR, 0.140; 95% CI, 0.030-0.649; P = 0.012) was associated with lower odds for HIV infection in non-drug users. Conclusion Altogether, these results suggest that socio-demographic and sexual risk factors for HIV transmission differ with drug use status, suggesting targeted preventive measures for drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Budambula
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Charles Matoka
- Department of Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - James Ouma
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Kabianga, P. O. Box 2030-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | | | - Michael F Otieno
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tom Were
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya.
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Constant HMRM, Moret-Tatay C, Benchaya MC, Oliveira MDS, Barros HMT, Ferigolo M. CBI-20: Psychometric Properties for the Coping Behaviors Inventory for Alcohol Abuse in Brazil. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:585. [PMID: 30483165 PMCID: PMC6243092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For any professional, it is of crucial importance to know not only how coping styles and strategies are present in an individual, but to know about its role to the treatment of alcohol abuse. Moreover, new approaches have emerged in this area in terms of relapse prevention and the counseling by phone can be an alternative. The aim of this study is to examine the factor structure of the Coping Behaviors Inventory (CBI) and to test its invariance across groups face-to-face and phone counseling in Brazil. For this purpose, two studies were carried out: study I, the factor structure was revisited in terms of exploratory factor analysis. Study II, face-to-face and phone counseling were examined through confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup analysis. The results confirmed the 4-factor solution with a revised model for the removal of 16 items. Thus presented, a reduced version with better indexes than the previous versions developed over the last 30 years that was ones reformulated from 60 items. The Internal consistency for study I presented α = 0.90 and homogeneity was between 0.17 and 0.5). In addition the KMO = 0.9 = 0.932, X ( df = 630 ) 2 = 6091.94, p < 0.0 < 0.001. In study II, cronbach's alpha = 0.91 and homogeneity 0.23-0.61 (telemedicine treatment) and α = 0.90 0.17 to 0.63 (face-to-face treatment). In the CFA, the examination of the current version has better fit than the that the traditional model. Moreover, the new version showed convergent validity with the IDHEA questionnaire. In the multigroup analysis no significant changes between groups to a metric level. Finally, the Brazilian version of inventory showed no differences between the phone counseling and face-to-face participants in a metric level after a multigroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda M R M Constant
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Margareth da S Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helena M T Barros
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maristela Ferigolo
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Augmented reality for personalized nanomedicines. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:335-343. [PMID: 29248686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of onset and progress of diseases at the genetic and molecular level rapidly progresses, the potential of advanced technologies, such as 3D-printing, Socially-Assistive Robots (SARs) or augmented reality (AR), that are applied to personalized nanomedicines (PNMs) to alleviate pathological conditions, has become more prominent. Among advanced technologies, AR in particular has the greatest potential to address those challenges and facilitate the translation of PNMs into formidable clinical application of personalized therapy. As AR is about to adapt additional new methods, such as speech, voice recognition, eye tracing and motion tracking, to enable interaction with host response or biological systems in 3-D space, a combination of multiple approaches to accommodate varying environmental conditions, such as public noise and atmosphere brightness, will be explored to improve its therapeutic outcomes in clinical applications. For instance, AR glasses still being developed by Facebook or Microsoft will serve as new platform that can provide people with the health information they are interested in or various measures through which they can interact with medical services. This review has addressed the current progress and impact of AR on PNMs and its application to the biomedical field. Special emphasis is placed on the application of AR based PNMs to the treatment strategies against senior care, drug addiction and medication adherence.
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Li HJ, Zhong BL, Xu YM, Zhu JH, Lu J. Sleep in lonely heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89278-89283. [PMID: 29179519 PMCID: PMC5687689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the socially isolated status of Chinese heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) and the significant association between loneliness and sleep problem in the general population, the impact of loneliness on sleep of HDPs is potentially substantial. The study aimed to test whether loneliness is associated with poor sleep in terms of quantity and quality in a consecutive sample of Chinese HDPs receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). The study participants were 603 HDPs of three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Sleep outcomes included sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep quality. We measured depressive symptoms, loneliness, and sleep quality by using Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale, the single-item self-report of loneliness, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to examine whether loneliness is independently associated with sleep measures. After controlling for the confounding effects of potential socio-demographic and clinical variables, loneliness was significantly associated with longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality. Loneliness may exacerbate sleep disturbance in Chinese HDPs of MMT clinics. Psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing loneliness in MMT clinics would improve the sleep of HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Li
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center (The Ninth Clinical School), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhong
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center (The Ninth Clinical School), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Min Xu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center (The Ninth Clinical School), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Hong Zhu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center (The Ninth Clinical School), Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Safi MH, Younesi SJ, Dadkhah A, Farhoudian A, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Azkhosh M. The Role of Sexual Behaviors in the Relapse Process in Iranian Methamphetamine Users: A Qualitative Study. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2016; 8:242-251. [PMID: 28819555 PMCID: PMC5554804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The awareness of sexual experiences could be an effective factor in preventing high-risk sexual behavior pertaining to relapse during the recovery period of substances. This research explored the role of sexual behaviors among Iranian methamphetamine (MA) users in relapse process. METHODS The study was conducted with a qualitative approach using content analysis method. 28 participants were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data were collected based on face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews based on open-ended questions. Interviews continued until the data saturation had occurred. All interviews were examined in four stages of codes, sub-categories, categories and themes according to the content analysis of explanations and descriptions of sexual behaviors. FINDINGS Two main themes were emerged from the analysis of interviews, including extreme pleasure seeking (including the main categories of sexual tunnel vision and sexual totalitarianism) and comprehended threat (including the main categories of internal conflict and external disorganization) as well as 10 subcategories. CONCLUSION The results indicated that sexual behaviors played an important role in relapse process among Iranian MA users and needed to be considered and managed properly in the planning of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Safi
- PhD Student, Department of Counseling AND Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jalal Younesi
- Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Seyyed Jalal Younesi PhD,
| | - Asghar Dadkhah
- Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farhoudian
- Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Azkhosh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ching Yin L, Razak Zakaria A. Stress and Depression, Low Religiosity, Social Injustice and Insufficient Rehabilitation Outcomes as Predictors of Frequent Relapse in Drug Dependence. OPEN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 2016; 04:194-206. [DOI: 10.4236/jss.2016.411016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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