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Mitchell W, Goeminne LJE, Tyshkovskiy A, Zhang S, Chen JY, Paulo JA, Pierce KA, Choy AH, Clish CB, Gygi SP, Gladyshev VN. Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation. eLife 2024; 12:RP90579. [PMID: 38517750 PMCID: PMC10959535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ludger JE Goeminne
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julie Y Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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2
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Mitchell W, Goeminne LJ, Tyshkovskiy A, Zhang S, Chen JY, Paulo JA, Pierce KA, Choy AH, Clish CB, Gygi SP, Gladyshev VN. Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.30.546730. [PMID: 37425825 PMCID: PMC10327104 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.546730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Ludger J.E. Goeminne
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Julie Y. Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Kerry A. Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Angelina H. Choy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 01241 United States
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States
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3
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Fryar-Williams S, Tucker G, Strobel J, Huang Y, Clements P. Molecular Mechanism Biomarkers Predict Diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis, with Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15845. [PMID: 37958826 PMCID: PMC10650772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic uncertainty and relapse rates in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are relatively high, indicating the potential involvement of other pathological mechanisms that could serve as diagnostic indicators to be targeted for adjunctive treatment. This study aimed to seek objective evidence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T genotype-related bio markers in blood and urine. Vitamin and mineral cofactors related to methylation and indolamine-catecholamine metabolism were investigated. Biomarker status for 67 symptomatically well-defined cases and 67 asymptomatic control participants was determined using receiver operating characteristics, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression. The 5.2%-prevalent MTHFR 677 TT genotype demonstrated a 100% sensitive and specific case-predictive biomarkers of increased riboflavin (vitamin B2) excretion. This was accompanied by low plasma zinc and indicators of a shift from low methylation to high methylation state. The 48.5% prevalent MTHFR 677 CC genotype model demonstrated a low-methylation phenotype with 93% sensitivity and 92% specificity and a negative predictive value of 100%. This model related to lower vitamin cofactors, high histamine, and HPLC urine indicators of lower vitamin B2 and restricted indole-catecholamine metabolism. The 46.3%-prevalent CT genotype achieved high predictive strength for a mixed methylation phenotype. Determination of MTHFR C677T genotype dependent functional biomarker phenotypes can advance diagnostic certainty and inform therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley, SA 5061, Australia
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Department of Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Graeme Tucker
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Jörg Strobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Yichao Huang
- Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Clements
- Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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4
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Fryar-Williams S, Strobel J, Clements P. Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15296. [PMID: 37894974 PMCID: PMC10607016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal pathways contributing to the 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme's activity and the distal pathways being affected by its activity. This review investigates these pathways, describing mechanisms relevant to riboflavin availability, trace mineral interactions, and the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) product of the MTHFR enzyme. These factors remotely influence vitamin cofactor activation, histamine metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, the oxidative stress response, DNA methylation, and nicotinamide synthesis. These biochemical components form a broad interactive landscape from which candidate markers can be drawn for research inquiry into schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness. Candidate markers drawn from this functional biochemical background have been found to have biomarker status with greater than 90% specificity and sensitivity for achieving diagnostic certainty in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. This has implications for achieving targeted treatments for serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley Annexe, Mary Street, Unley, SA 5061, Australia
- Department of Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jörg Strobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Peter Clements
- Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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Janes D, Suehs B, Gatlin DM. Dietary creatine and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation have limited effects on hybrid striped bass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:399-407. [PMID: 37069332 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of creatine and guanidinoacetic acid (GDA) have been studied to a limited extent in various fish species including red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and hybrid striped bass (HBS) (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops). However, in HSB, there is a need to better understand the impact of creatine and GDA supplementation at elevated salinity which may be encountered by this euryhaline fish. Therefore, two separate feeding trials were conducted at a salinity ranging from 15 to 20 g/L with juvenile HSB for 9 and 8 weeks to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine and GDA. In each trial, four diets were formulated with either singular additions of creatine at 2% of dry weight, GDA at 1% of dry weight, or a combination of both. Fish grew adequately in both feeding trials but no significant (P > 0.05) effects of supplemental creatine or GDA were observed on weight gain, feed efficiency, survival, hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF ratio), or protein conversion efficiency (PCE). However, fish fed diets supplemented with creatine had significantly (P < 0.05) increased ash and reduced lipid deposition in whole-body tissues in the first feeding trial. Supplemental creatine also resulted in significantly higher muscle yield in the second trial, but no other effects on growth performance or body composition were observed. The addition of GDA to the diet had little effect except for significantly increasing the creatine content in the liver of fish in both feeding trials due to its role as a precursor and a catalyst for synthesis of creatine within the body. Based on the results of these two trials, supplemental creatine and GDA had rather limited effects on HSB cultured in moderately saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Janes
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Blaine Suehs
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Delbert M Gatlin
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
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6
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Cui Y, Yu M, Li Z, Song M, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Guanidine Acetic Acid Alters Tissue Bound Amino Acid Profiles and Oxidative Status in Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101626. [PMID: 37238056 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on carcass traits, plasma biochemical parameters, tissue antioxidant capacity, and tissue-bound amino acid contents in finishing pigs. Seventy-two 140-day-old (body weight 86.59 ± 1.16 kg) crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were randomly assigned into four treatments with six replicate pens and three pigs per pen, which were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% GAA, respectively. The plasma glucose concentration decreased, and creatine kinase activity and levels of GAA and creatine increased with the dietary GAA concentration. GAA linearly improved creatine content in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LM) and heart. The activities of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase increased linearly in tissue or/and plasma, while the contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl decreased linearly. GAA improved the contents of multiple-bound amino acids (such as proline or isoleucine) in the myocardium and LM. In conclusion, GAA enhanced the plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative status, and bound amino acid profiles of the heart and LM in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
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7
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Wang L, Wang Y, Xu D, He L, Zhu X, Yin J. Dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves water holding capacity and lowers free amino acid concentration of fresh meat in finishing pigs fed with various dietary protein levels. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:112-120. [PMID: 36189375 PMCID: PMC9489522 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to detect the effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs fed different dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Sixty-four barrows with an initial body weight of 73.05 ± 2.34 kg were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 (100% vs. 125% NRC CP level) × 2 (0 vs. 300 mg/kg GAA) factorial arrangement (n = 7). The feeding trial lasted for 49 d. GAA supplementation significantly reduced drip loss (P = 0.01), free water distribution (T23 peak area ratio) (P = 0.05) and the concentrations of free alanine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine (P < 0.05); but increased total glycine content (P = 0.03) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs regardless of the dietary CP levels. Furthermore, primary myogenic cell differentiation system was employed to investigate the influence of inclusion of GAA on free amino acid concentrations in myotubes (n = 4) and validate the finding in the animal feeding trial. We found that GAA inclusion in culture medium also decreased intracellular concentrations of free alanine, threonine, methionine, isoleucine, valine and proline in differentiated primary myogenic cells in vitro (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, relative to diets with 100% NRC CP level, the intake of diets with 125% NRC CP level improved sarcoplasmic protein solubility, increased the contents of carnosine and total free amino acids as well as flavor amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle and decreased backfat thickness at the 6–7th ribs in pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, we observed that the impact of dietary GAA supplementation on the last rib fat thickness, shear force, and free lysine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle was dependent on dietary CP levels (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary GAA supplementation can reduce drip loss, decrease the concentrations of free amino acids and flavor amino acids of fresh meat independent of dietary CP levels.
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Banton S, Braun U, Squires EJ, Shoveller AK. Addition of a combination of creatine, carnitine, and choline to a commercial diet increases postprandial plasma creatine and creatinine concentrations in adult dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1063169. [PMID: 36504876 PMCID: PMC9731106 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1063169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine is a nitrogenous compound essential for cellular energy homeostasis found in animal protein; however, when heat-processed for pet food, creatine is degraded to creatinine, which is not metabolically active and excreted in urine. The objective of the present investigation was to define the postprandial plasma creatine and creatinine response in dogs fed a commercial diet (CON) formulated for adult dogs, top-dressed with a combination of creatine (9.6 g/kg dry matter, DM), carnitine (2.13 g/kg DM) and choline (0.24 g/kg DM; CCC), methionine (2.6 g/kg DM; MET), or taurine (0.7 g/kg DM; TAU). Eight adult Beagles were fed one of the four diets for 7 days in a Latin Square design with no washout period. On day 7, cephalic catheters were placed and blood samples were collected before being fed (fasted) and up to 6 h post-meal. Creatine and creatinine were analyzed using HPLC and data analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Plasma creatine concentrations were higher in dogs fed CCC (103 ± 10 μmol/L) compared to MET (72 ± 7 μmol/L) at fasted (P < 0.05) and higher compared to all other treatments from 15 to 360 min post-meal (P < 0.05). Plasma creatinine concentrations were higher in dogs fed CCC from 60 to 180 min compared to all other treatments. These data suggest that when creatine, carnitine and choline are top-dressed for 7 days, plasma creatine is rapidly absorbed and remains elevated up to 6 h post-meal. This may have implications for energy metabolism and should be considered when using creatinine as a diagnostic tool in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Banton
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - E. James Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Anna K. Shoveller
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9
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Cui Y, Tian Z, Yu M, Liu Z, Rong T, Ma X. Effect of guanidine acetic acid on meat quality, muscle amino acids, and fatty acids in Tibetan pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998956. [PMID: 36304417 PMCID: PMC9592698 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of guanidine acetic acid (GAA) supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in Tibetan pigs. A total of 18 male Tibetan pigs (21.35 ± 0.99 kg) were randomly assigned to the control (basal diet) and GAA (basal diet + 800 mg/kg GAA) groups for 125 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in pigs, and the chemical composition of Longissimus thoracis (LT) were not altered by GAA. In LT, compared to the control group, dietary GAA increased the superoxide dismutase activity, transcripts of stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and contents of glutamate, glutamine, C24:0, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05), but it decreased the malondialdehyde content (P < 0.001). In back fat, dietary GAA reduced the transcript of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the contents of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 (P < 0.05), whereas it increased the contents of C22:0, C20:1, C22:1, C24:1, C20:2, C20:3n-3, and C22:2 (P < 0.05). These findings will provide a basis for high-quality Tibetan pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Rong
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China,The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China,*Correspondence: Xianyong Ma
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10
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Cui Y, Tian Z, Yu M, Deng D, Lu H, Song M, Ma X, Wang L. Guanidine acetic acid supplementation altered plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles in finishing pigs. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35672811 PMCID: PMC9172011 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a nutritive feed additive, guanidine acetic acid (GAA) participates in the metabolism of energy and proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on growth performance, organ index, plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles, and related metabolites in finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred pigs (body weight 86.59 ± 1.16 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (GAA0, GAA500, GAA1000, and GAA1500). They were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg GAA for 42 days, respectively. The growth performance and organ weight were evaluated, and the contents of crude protein, free amino acids, and metabolites in plasma and tissues were determined. Spearman correlation between plasma and tissue free amino acids and related metabolites was also analyzed. Results Growth performance in pigs was not altered by GAA (P > 0.05). The absolute and relative weight of kidneys increased (quadratic, P < 0.05). As dietary GAA concentration was increased, the contents of plasma glycine, serine, leucine, ornithine, and ratio of ornithine/arginine decreased (linear or quadratic, P < 0.05), but the contents of plasma isoleucine and taurine and the ratios of alanine/branched-chain amino acids and proline/ornithine increased quadratically (P < 0.05). The hepatic γ-amino-n-butyric acid content increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.001), while the carnosine content decreased (quadratic, P = 0.004). The contents of renal arginine, proline, cystine, glutamate, and total amino acids (TAA) decreased quadratically (P < 0.05), but the contents of glycine (quadratic, P = 0.015) and γ-amino-n-butyric acid (linear, P = 0.008) increased. The pancreatic tryptophan content (quadratic, P = 0.024) increased, while the contents of pancreatic proline (linear, P = 0.005) and hydroxyproline (quadratic, P = 0.032) decreased in response to GAA supplementation. The contents of cardiac essential amino acids (EAA), nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and TAA in GAA1000 were higher than those in GAA1500 (P < 0.05). Supplementing with GAA linearly increased the contents of methionine, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, serine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, proline, taurine, cystathionine, α-aminoadipic acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, EAA, NEAA, and TAA in the spleen (P < 0.05). A strong Spearman correlation existed between plasma and tissue free amino acids and related metabolites. Conclusion GAA supplementation did not altered pig growth performance, but it altered plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles and the contents of related metabolites in pigs in a tissue-dependent manner.
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11
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Ostojic SM. Guanidinoacetic Acid as a Nutritional Adjuvant to Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:871535. [PMID: 35634212 PMCID: PMC9134824 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.871535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tackling impaired bioenergetics in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recently recognized as an innovative approach with therapeutic potential. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an experimental nutrient that plays a significant role in high-energy phosphate metabolism. The preliminary trials suggest beneficial effects of supplemental GAA in MS, with GAA augments biomarkers of brain energy metabolism and improves patient-reported features of the disease. GAA can also impact other metabolic footprints of MS, including demyelination, oxidative stress, and GABA-glutamate imbalance. In this mini-review article, we summarize studies evaluating GAA effectiveness in MS, explore mechanisms of GAA action, and discuss the challenges of using dietary GAA as an element of MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M. Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education (FSPE) Applied Bioenergetics Lab, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Sergej M. Ostojic,
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12
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Zhang B, Liu N, Kang K, Zhang R, Hao M, Song P, Wang Q, Xie Y, Li C. Dietary guanidineacetic acid supplementation ameliorated meat quality and regulated muscle metabolism of broilers subjected to pre-slaughter transport stress by metabolomics analysis. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101739. [PMID: 35220033 PMCID: PMC8881659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Kang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbo Zhang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Hao
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyong Song
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Wang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Xie
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People's Republic of China
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13
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Jomura R, Akanuma SI, Tachikawa M, Hosoya KI. SLC6A and SLC16A family of transporters: Contribution to transport of creatine and creatine precursors in creatine biosynthesis and distribution. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183840. [PMID: 34921896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is needed to maintain high energy levels in cells. Since Cr plays reportedly a critical role in neurodevelopment and the immune system, Cr dynamics should be strictly regulated to control these physiological events. This review focuses on the role of transporters that recognize Cr and/or Cr precursors. Our previous studies revealed physiological roles of SLC6A and SLC16A family transporters in Cr dynamics. Creatine transporter (CRT/SLC6A8) contributes to the influx transport of Cr in Cr distribution. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 2 (GAT2/SLC6A13) mediates incorporation of guanidinoacetate (GAA), a Cr precursor, in the process of Cr biosynthesis. Monocarboxylate transporter 12 (MCT12/SLC16A12) functions as an efflux transporter for Cr and GAA, and contributes to the process of Cr biosynthesis. Accordingly, the SLC6A and SLC16A family of transporters play important roles in the process of Cr biosynthesis and distribution via permeation of Cr and Cr precursors across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Jomura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Akanuma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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14
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Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Brain Function and Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050921. [PMID: 35267907 PMCID: PMC8912287 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the vast majority of research involving creatine supplementation has focused on skeletal muscle, there is a small body of accumulating research that has focused on creatine and the brain. Preliminary studies indicate that creatine supplementation (and guanidinoacetic acid; GAA) has the ability to increase brain creatine content in humans. Furthermore, creatine has shown some promise for attenuating symptoms of concussion, mild traumatic brain injury and depression but its effect on neurodegenerative diseases appears to be lacking. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current body of research pertaining to creatine supplementation on total creatine and phophorylcreatine (PCr) content, explore GAA as an alternative or adjunct to creatine supplementation on brain creatine uptake, assess the impact of creatine on cognition with a focus on sleep deprivation, discuss the effects of creatine supplementation on a variety of neurological and mental health conditions, and outline recent advances on creatine supplementation as a neuroprotective supplement following traumatic brain injury or concussion.
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15
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Pedersen EK, Dall J, Amdi C, Madsen JG. Guanidinoacetic acid as a feed supplement offered to weaned piglets. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2021.1984560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kjersgaard Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Amdi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Johannes Gulmann Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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16
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Yan Z, Yan Z, Liu S, Yin Y, Yang T, Chen Q. Regulative Mechanism of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Skeletal Muscle Development and Its Application Prospects in Animal Husbandry: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:714567. [PMID: 34458310 PMCID: PMC8387576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.714567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid is the direct precursor of creatine and its phosphorylated derivative phosphocreatine in the body. It is a safe nutritional supplement that can be used to promote muscle growth and development. Improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and meat quality is the eternal goal of the animal husbandry, and it is also the common demand of today's society and consumers. A large number of experimental studies have shown that guanidinoacetic acid could improve the growth performance of animals, promote muscle development and improve the health of animals. However, the mechanism of how it affects muscle development needs to be further elucidated. This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of guanidinoacetic acid and its synthesis pathway, explores its mechanism of how it promotes muscle development and growth, and also classifies and summarizes the impact of its application in animal husbandry, providing a scientific basis for this application. In addition, this article also proposes future directions for the development of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyue Yan
- Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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17
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Banton S, Pezzali JG, Verbrugghe A, Bakovic M, Wood KM, Shoveller AK. Addition of dietary methionine but not dietary taurine or methyl donors/receivers to a grain-free diet increases postprandial homocysteine concentrations in adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6333283. [PMID: 34333630 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain based ingredients are replaced in part by pulse ingredients in grain-free pet foods. Pulse ingredients are lower in methionine and cysteine, amino acid (AA) precursors to taurine synthesis in dogs. While recent work has investigated plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations when feeding grain-free diets, supplementation of a grain-free diet with various nutrients involved in the biosynthesis of taurine has not been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing a complete grain-free dry dog food with either methionine (MET), taurine (TAU), or methyl donors (choline) and methyl receivers (creatine and carnitine; CCC) on postprandial AA concentrations. Eight healthy Beagle dogs were fed 1 of 3 treatments or the control grain-free diet (CON) for 7 d in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. On d7, cephalic catheters were placed and one fasted sample (0 min) and a series of 9 post-meal blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the PROC GLIMMIX function in SAS (Version 9.4). Dogs fed MET had greater plasma and whole blood methionine concentrations from 30 - 360 min after a meal (P < 0.0001) and greater plasma homocysteine concentrations from 60 - 360 min after a meal (P < 0.0001) compared to dogs fed CON, TAU and CCC. Dogs fed TAU had greater plasma taurine concentrations over time compared to dogs fed CON (P = 0.02), but were not different than dogs fed MET and CCC (P > 0.05). In addition, most AA remained significantly elevated at 6 h post-meal compared to fasted samples across all treatments. Supplementation of creatine, carnitine and choline in grain-free diets may play a role in sparing the methionine requirement without increasing homocysteine concentrations. Supplementing these nutrients could also aid in the treatment of disease that causes metabolic or oxidative stress, including cardiac disease in dogs, but future research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Banton
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Júlia G Pezzali
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie M Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Ardalan M, Miesner MD, Reinhardt CD, Thomson DU, Armendariz CK, Smith JS, Titgemeyer EC. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine flux in cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6308973. [PMID: 34165572 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle and is synthesized in the liver through methylation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). Supplementation of GAA may therefore increase methyl group requirements, and this may affect methyl group utilization. Our experiment evaluated the metabolic responses of growing cattle to postruminal supplementation of GAA, in a model where methionine (Met) was deficient, with and without Met supplementation. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (161 kg initial body weight [BW]) were limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet (2.7 kg/d dry matter) and received continuous abomasal infusions of an essential amino acid (AA) mixture devoid of Met to ensure that no AA besides Met limited animal performance. To provide energy without increasing the microbial protein supply, all steers received ruminal infusions of 200 g/d acetic acid, 200 g/d propionic acid, and 50 g/d butyric acid, as well as abomasal infusions of 300 g/d glucose. Treatments, provided abomasally, were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a split-plot design, and included 0 or 6 g/d of l-Met and 0, 7.5, and 15 g/d of GAA. The experiment included six 10-d periods. Whole body Met flux was measured using continuous jugular infusion of 1-13C-l-Met and methyl-2H3-l-Met. Nitrogen retention was elevated by Met supplementation (P < 0.01). Supplementation with GAA tended to increase N retention when it was supplemented along with Met, but not when it was supplemented without Met. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma concentrations of GAA and creatine (P < 0.001), but treatments did not affect urinary excretion of GAA, creatine, or creatinine. Supplementation with Met decreased plasma homocysteine (P < 0.01). Supplementation of GAA tended (P = 0.10) to increase plasma homocysteine when no Met was supplemented, but not when 6 g/d Met was provided. Protein synthesis and protein degradation were both increased by GAA supplementation when no Met was supplemented, but decreased by GAA supplementation when 6 g/d Met were provided. Loss of Met through transsulfuration was increased by Met supplementation, whereas synthesis of Met from remethylation of homocysteine was decreased by Met supplementation. No differences in transmethylation, transsulfuration, or remethylation reactions were observed in response to GAA supplementation. The administration of GAA, when methyl groups are not limiting, has the potential to improve lean tissue deposition and cattle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ardalan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Matt D Miesner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Christopher D Reinhardt
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniel U Thomson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cheryl K Armendariz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - J Scott Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Evan C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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19
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Dinesh OC, Kankayaliyan T, Rademacher M, Tomlinson C, Bertolo RF, Brunton JA. Neonatal Piglets Can Synthesize Adequate Creatine, but Only with Sufficient Dietary Arginine and Methionine, or with Guanidinoacetate and Excess Methionine. J Nutr 2021; 151:531-539. [PMID: 33437999 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suckling piglets synthesize most of their creatine requirement, which consumes substantial amounts of arginine in order to synthesize guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and methionine in order to transmethylate GAA to creatine. OBJECTIVES To determine whether supplemental GAA or creatine spare arginine and/or methionine for protein synthesis and, if GAA is supplemented, whether excess methionine is needed for conversion to creatine. METHODS Yucatan miniature piglets (9-11 days old; both sexes) were fed 1 of 5 elemental diets for 5 days: 1) low arginine (0.3 g·kg-1·d-1) and low methionine (0.20 g·kg-1·d-1; Base); 2) Base plus GAA (0.093 g·kg-1·d-1; +GAA); 3) Base plus GAA plus excess methionine (0.5 g·kg-1·d-1; +GAA/Met); 4) Base plus creatine (0.12 g·kg-1·d-1; +Cre); or 5) excess arginine (1.8 g·kg-1·d-1) and excess methionine (+Arg/Met). Isotope tracers were infused to determine whole-body GAA, creatine, and protein synthesis; tissues were analyzed for creatine synthesis enzymes and metabolite concentrations. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS : GAA and creatine syntheses were 115% and 32% higher, respectively, with the +Arg/Met diet (P < 0.0001), in spite of 33% lower renal L-arginine: glycine amidinotransferase activity (P < 0.0001) compared to Base, suggesting substrate availability dictates synthesis rather than enzyme capacity. GAA or creatine supplementation reduced arginine conversion to creatine by 46% and 43%, respectively (P < 0.01), but did not spare amino acids for whole-body protein synthesis, suggesting that limited amino acids were diverted to protein at the expense of creatine synthesis. The +GAA/Met diet led to higher creatine concentrations in the kidney (2.6-fold) and liver (7.6-fold) than the +GAA diet (P < 0.01), suggesting excess methionine is needed for GAA conversion to creatine. CONCLUSIONS Piglets are capable of synthesizing sufficient creatine from the precursor amino acids arginine and methionine, or from GAA plus methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chandani Dinesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | | | - Meike Rademacher
- Animal Nutrition, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung), Hanau, Germany
| | - Christopher Tomlinson
- Departments of Paediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Janet A Brunton
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
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20
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Zhang B, Liu N, He Z, Song P, Hao M, Xie Y, Li J, Liu R, Sun Z. Guanidino-Acetic Acid: A Scarce Substance in Biomass That Can Regulate Postmortem Meat Glycolysis of Broilers Subjected to Pre-slaughter Transportation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:631194. [PMID: 33644010 PMCID: PMC7902524 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.631194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The different substances in biomass can regulate the metabolism and reproduction of broilers. Guanidino-acetic acid (GAA) is a natural feed additive that showed a potential application in dietary for broilers, while its amount is scarce in biomass. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplemented with GAA on muscle glycolysis of broilers subjected to pre-slaughter transportation. A total of 160 Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens were randomly assigned into three treatments, including a basal control diet without GAA supplementation (80 birds) or supplemented with 600 mg/kg (40 birds) or 1,200 mg/kg (40 birds) GAA for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the control group was equally divided into two groups, thus resulting in four groups. All birds in the four groups aforementioned were separately treated according to the following protocols: (1) no transport of birds of the control group fed with the basal diet; (2) a 3-h transport of birds of the control group fed with the basal diet; (3) a 3-h transport of birds fed with diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg GAA; and (4) a 3-h transport of birds fed with diets supplemented with 1,200 mg/kg GAA. The results demonstrated that 3-h pre-slaughter transport stress increased corticosterone contents and lowered glucose contents in plasma (P < 0.05), decreased pH24 h (P < 0.05), and resulted in inferior meat quality evidenced by elevating the drip loss, cooking loss, and L∗ value (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 3-h pre-slaughter transport stress decreased the contents of Cr and ATP in muscle (P < 0.05) and elevated the ratio of AMP:ATP and the glycolytic potential of muscle (P < 0.05). Moreover, 3-h pre-slaughter transport resulted in a significant elevation of mRNA expressions of LKB1 and AMPKα2 (P < 0.05), as well as the increase in protein abundances of LKB1 phosphorylation and AMPKα phosphorylation (P < 0.05). However, 1,200 mg/kg GAA supplementation alleviated negative parameters in plasma, improved meat quality, and ameliorated postmortem glycolysis and energy metabolism through regulating the creatine-phosphocreatine cycle and key factors of AMPK signaling. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1,200 mg/kg GAA contributed to improving meat quality via ameliorating muscle energy expenditure and delaying anaerobic glycolysis of broilers subjected to the 3-h pre-slaughter transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Peiyong Song
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Meilin Hao
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuxiao Xie
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Rujie Liu
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Characteristic Laboratory of Animal Resources Conservation and Utilization of Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Zewei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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21
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Speer HF, Pearl KA, Titgemeyer EC. Relative bioavailability of guanidinoacetic acid delivered ruminally or abomasally to cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5897458. [PMID: 32845973 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the relative bioavailability of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in cattle. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (initial body weight of 280 kg) were used in an experiment with a 5 × 5 Latin square design; the two additional steers received a treatment sequence identical to two steers in the Latin square. Treatments were: control (no GAA, water infusion), ruminal infusion of 10 or 20 g/d GAA, and abomasal infusion of 10 or 20 g/d GAA, with all infusions delivered continuously. Periods were 7 d in length, and on day 7, blood and urine samples were collected to determine the concentrations of GAA and its associated metabolites. Plasma creatine concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.01) with GAA infusion to the abomasum and tended to increase linearly (P = 0.06) when GAA was infused ruminally. Urinary creatine concentrations increased linearly with increasing amounts of GAA infused in the abomasum (P < 0.01) and the rumen (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of GAA infusion to either the abomasum or rumen on plasma or urinary concentrations of GAA. Plasma creatinine concentrations were not affected by GAA infusion to the abomasum or rumen. Urinary creatinine concentrations decreased when GAA was infused abomasally (P < 0.05). Because plasma and urinary creatine concentrations yielded the statistically strongest linear responses, they were selected as the primary response criteria for quantifying ruminal escape of GAA. Calculated by slope-ratio methodology, estimates for the ruminal escape of GAA based on plasma creatine and urinary creatine concentrations were 47% and 49%, respectively. Ruminally infused GAA was about half as effective as abomasally infused GAA in elevating plasma and urinary concentrations of creatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Speer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Kimberly A Pearl
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Evan C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Ardalan M, Batista ED, Titgemeyer EC. Effect of post-ruminal guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on creatine synthesis and plasma homocysteine concentrations in cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5802328. [PMID: 32152623 PMCID: PMC7097713 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle, which is critical for muscle activity. In animals, creatine is synthesized in the liver from guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) with methylation by S-adenosylmethionine. Because methyl groups are used for the conversion of GAA to creatine, methyl group deficiency may occur as a result of GAA supplementation. With this study, the metabolic responses of cattle to post-ruminal supplementation of GAA were evaluated with and without methionine (Met) supplementation as a source of methyl groups. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers (520 kg) were used in a split-plot design with treatments arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial. The main plot treatments were 0 or 12 g/d of l-Met arranged in a completely randomized design; three heifers received each main plot treatment throughout the entire experiment. Subplot treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/d of GAA, with GAA treatments provided in sequence from lowest to highest over five 6-d periods. Treatments were infused continuously to the abomasum. Heifers were limit-fed twice daily a diet consisting of (dry matter basis) 5.3 kg/d rolled corn, 3.6 kg/d alfalfa hay, and 50 g/d trace-mineralized salt. Plasma Met increased (P < 0.01) when Met was supplemented, but it was not affected by supplemental GAA. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma arginine (% of total amino acids) and plasma concentrations of GAA and creatinine (P < 0.001). Plasma creatine was increased at all levels of GAA except when 40 g/d of GAA was supplemented with no Met (GAA-quadratic × Met, P = 0.07). Plasma homocysteine was not affected by GAA supplementation when heifers received 12 g/d Met, but it was increased when 30 or 40 g/d of GAA was supplemented without Met (GAA-linear × Met, P = 0.003); increases were modest and did not suggest a dangerous hyperhomocysteinemia. Urinary concentrations of GAA and creatine were increased by all levels of GAA when 12 g/d Met was supplemented; increasing GAA supplementation up to 30 g/d without Met increased urinary GAA and creatine concentrations, but 40 g/d GAA did not affect urine concentrations of GAA and creatine when no Met was supplemented. Overall, post-ruminal GAA supplementation increased creatine supply to cattle. A methyl group deficiency, demonstrated by modest increases in plasma homocysteine, became apparent when 30 or 40 g/d of GAA was supplemented, but it was ameliorated by 12 g/d Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ardalan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Erick D Batista
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Evan C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Ostojic SM. Guanidinoacetic acid loading for improved location-specific brain creatine. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:324-326. [PMID: 32439266 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted here a secondary analysis of previously completed guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) loading trials categorizing participants into responders and non-responders using cut-off points for an increase in the location-specific levels of brain creatine (e.g. thalamus, cerebellum, white and grey matter). METHODS A total of 19 healthy men (mean age = 24.8 years) who were supplemented with 3 g/d of GAA for 4 weeks, with total brain creatine evaluated using 1.5 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were included in this report. RESULTS An average elevation in total creatine content after 28-day GAA loading was 17.3% in the cerebellum (95% confidence interval [CI] from 9.7 to 24.9), 12.1% in the white matter (95% CI from 5.1 to 19.1), and 8.9% in the grey matter (95% CI from 5.2 to 12.6), while total creatine actually dropped in the thalamus at a follow-up for 9.1% (95% CI from 6.8 to 11.4). The prevalence of responders was the highest for the cerebellum (73.6%), followed by the white matter (47.3%) and the grey matter (42.1%), while only two individuals (10.5%) experienced a relevant rise in the thalamus creatine content at 28-day follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This aftermath evaluation of previously published data suggests a relatively favorable (and location-specific) response rate to short-term GAA loading in healthy young men. A somewhat contrasting location-dependent pattern for GAA and creatine to positively affect brain creatine may be of great interest to the scientific community by dispensing different interventions to tackle poor bioenergetics in distinct brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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The Effects of Maternal and Postnatal Dietary Methyl Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes that Lead to Non-Communicable Diseases in Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093290. [PMID: 32384688 PMCID: PMC7246552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk for non-communicable diseases in adulthood can be programmed by early nutrition. This programming is mediated by changes in expression of key genes in various metabolic pathways during development, which persist into adulthood. These developmental modifications of genes are due to epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation can be affected by maternal or early postnatal diets. Because methyl groups for methylation reactions come from methionine cycle nutrients (i.e., methionine, choline, betaine, folate), deficiency or supplementation of these methyl nutrients can directly change epigenetic regulation of genes permanently. Although many studies have described the early programming of adult diseases by maternal and infant nutrition, this review discusses studies that have associated early dietary methyl nutrient manipulation with direct effects on epigenetic patterns that could lead to chronic diseases in adulthood. The maternal supply of methyl nutrients during gestation and lactation can alter epigenetics, but programming effects vary depending on the timing of dietary intervention, the type of methyl nutrient manipulated, and the tissue responsible for the phenotype. Moreover, the postnatal manipulation of methyl nutrients can program epigenetics, but more research is needed on whether this approach can rescue maternally programmed offspring.
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Ma X, Yu M, Liu Z, Deng D, Cui Y, Tian Z, Wang G. Effect of amino acids and their derivatives on meat quality of finishing pigs. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:404-412. [PMID: 32116350 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids provide key nutritional value, and significantly contribute to taste and flavor of meat. Here, we review the role of free amino acids in the muscle fibers in meat quality and sensory signals. We furthermore discuss how dietary supplementation of free amino acids and their derivatives (e.g. tryptophan, threonine, arginine, lysine, leucine, glutamate, threonine, sarcosine, betaines, and cysteamine) can influence these attributes. The available data shows that the quality of the meat is subject to the amino acids that are provided in the animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Ma
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Miao Yu
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Dun Deng
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Gang Wang
- 1Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Robinson JL, McBreairty LE, Ryan RA, Randunu R, Walsh CJ, Martin GM, Brunton JA, Bertolo RF. Effects of supplemental creatine and guanidinoacetic acid on spatial memory and the brain of weaned Yucatan miniature pigs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226806. [PMID: 31905208 PMCID: PMC6944358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of creatine as a potential cognitive enhancement supplement for humans prompted an investigation as to whether supplemental creatine could enhance spatial memory in young swine. We assessed memory performance and brain concentrations of creatine and its precursor guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in 14-16-week-old male Yucatan miniature pigs supplemented for 2 weeks with either 200 mg/kg∙d creatine (+Cr; n = 7) or equimolar GAA (157 mg/kg∙d) (+GAA; n = 8) compared to controls (n = 14). Spatial memory tests had pigs explore distinct sets of objects for 5 min. Objects were spatially controlled, and we assessed exploration times of previously viewed objects relative to novel objects in familiar or novel locations. There was no effect of either supplementation on memory performance, but pigs successfully identified novel objects after 10 (p < 0.01) and 20 min (p < 0.01) retention intervals. Moreover, pigs recognized spatial transfers after 65 min (p < 0.05). Regression analyses identified associations between the ability to identify novel objects in memory tests and concentrations of creatine and GAA in cerebellum, and GAA in prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). The concentration of creatine in brain regions was not influenced by creatine supplementation, but GAA supplementation increased GAA concentration in cerebellum (p < 0.05), and the prefrontal cortex of +GAA pigs had more creatine/g and less GAA/g compared to +Cr pigs (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase activity and maximal reaction velocity were also higher with GAA supplementation in prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there appears to be a relationship between memory performance and guanidino compounds in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, but the effects were unrelated to dietary supplementation. The cerebellum is identified as a target site for GAA accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Laura E. McBreairty
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Raniru Randunu
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Carolyn J. Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Gerard M. Martin
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Janet A. Brunton
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert F. Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mendonça I, Watanabe P, Silva B, Boiago M, Panisson J, Andrade T, Campos A, Mello M. Dietary supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid for sows and their progenies: Performance, blood parameters and economic viability at nursery phase. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ibrahim D, El Sayed R, Abdelfattah-Hassan A, Morshedy AM. Creatine or guanidinoacetic acid? Which is more effective at enhancing growth, tissue creatine stores, quality of meat, and genes controlling growth/myogenesis in Mulard ducks. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1590205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania El Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. M. Morshedy
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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30
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Fernández-Cisnal R, García-Sevillano MA, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL, Abril N. Metabolomic alterations and oxidative stress are associated with environmental pollution in Procambarus clarkii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:76-88. [PMID: 30343212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated by toxic metallic elements from agricultural activities raise grave concern about their potential risk to human health through direct intake, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and their impacts on ecological systems. We have measured here the lipid and protein oxidation status and used metabolomic methodologies to identify and characterize the changes caused by metal pollution exposure in the digestive glands and gills of Procambarus clarkii, the red swamp crayfish. Specimens captured at two sites with intensive agriculture practices using diverse types of agrochemicals, located in the borders of Doñana Natural Park, were compared to ones caught in the core of the Park, a proven non-polluted place. As a highly metabolically active organ, the digestive gland accumulated more metallic elements than the gills and was consequently more affected at the metabolic level. Results also indicate that chronic pollution exposure generates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that imposes a metabolic shift to enhanced aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism alteration. The integration of metabolomics with previous proteomic data gives a comprehensive vision of the metabolic disorders caused by chronic metal exposure to P. clarkii and identifies potential biomarkers useful for routine risk assessment of the aquatic ecosystems health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Cisnal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A García-Sevillano
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Ariza
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Li J, Zhang L, Fu Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Creatine Monohydrate and Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation Affects the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Creatine Metabolism of Finishing Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9952-9959. [PMID: 30173511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine monohydrate (CMH) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, and creatine metabolism of finishing pigs. The pigs were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: the control group, CMH group, and GAA group. In comparison to the control group, CMH treatment increased average daily feed intake and GAA treatment increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain of pigs. In addition, CMH and GAA treatment increased pH45 min, myofibrillar protein solubility, and calpain 1 mRNA expression level and decreased the drip loss and shear force value in longissimus dorsi or semitendinosus muscle. Moreover, CMH and GAA supplementation increased the concentrations of creatine and phosphocreatine and the mRNA expressions of guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase and creatine transporter in longissimus dorsi muscle, semitendinosus muscle, liver, or kidneys and decreased the mRNA expressions of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in kidneys. In conclusion, CMH and GAA supplementation could improve the growth performance and meat quality and alter creatine metabolism of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Ginling College , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health of Jiangsu Province, and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ma J, Qiu W, Zhang J, Feng S, Zhou X, Wang X, Jin L, Long K, Liu L, Xiao W, Tang Q, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Li X, Li M. Guanidinoacetic Acid Regulates Myogenic Differentiation and Muscle Growth Through miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p Co-mediated Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092837. [PMID: 30235878 PMCID: PMC6163908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), an amino acid derivative that is endogenous to animal tissues including muscle and nerve, has been reported to enhance muscular performance. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a post-transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in nutrient-mediated myogenesis. However, the effects of GAA on myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle growth, and the potential regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in these processes have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of GAA on proliferation, differentiation, and growth in C2C12 cells and mice. The results showed that GAA markedly inhibited the proliferation of myoblasts, along with the down-regulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mRNA expression, and the upregulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) mRNA expression. We also demonstrated that GAA treatment stimulated myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG) mRNA expression, resulting in an increase in the myotube fusion rate. Meanwhile, GAA supplementation promoted myotube growth through increase in total myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein level, myotubes thickness and gastrocnemius muscle cross-sectional area. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing revealed that a total of eight miRNAs, including miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p cluster, showed differential expression after GAA supplementation. To further study the function of miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p in GAA-induced skeletal muscle growth, we transfected miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p mimics into myotube, which also induced muscle growth. Through bioinformatics and a dual-luciferase reporter system, the target genes of miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p were determined. These two miRNAs were shown to modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway by restraining target gene expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that GAA supplementation can promote myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle growth through miR-133a-3p- and miR-1a-3p-induced activation of the AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wanling Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiankun Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Keren Long
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Weihang Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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He DT, Gai XR, Yang LB, Li JT, Lai WQ, Sun XL, Zhang LY. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance, creatine and energy metabolism, and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3264-3273. [PMID: 29741632 PMCID: PMC6095271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on the growth performance, creatine and energy metabolism, and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (n = 180, 33.61 ± 3.91 kg average BW) were blocked by weight and sex, and allotted to 5 treatments with 6 replicates (3 gilts and 3 barrows per replicate pen). Diets were corn-soybean meal-basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 mg/kg of GAA and fed to the pigs for 98 d. From days 1 to 98, G:F increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing addition of dietary GAA. Using a broken-line model, the optimum level of dietary GAA was 300 mg/kg during the overall experimental period (days 1 to 98) to maximize G:F. Hot carcass weight, carcass length, and lean percentage showed a tendency to increase (quadratic, 0.05 < P < 0.10) with increasing addition of dietary GAA. On day 98, serum GAA and liver creatine tended to increase (linear, P = 0.10, 0.07) as dietary GAA increased. In addition, serum ATP on day 98 increased linearly (linear, P < 0.01), and muscle ATP and adenosine monophosphate increased quadratically (quadratic, P = 0.05) with incremental GAA supplementation. In Exp. 2, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (n = 180, 53.19 ± 5.63 kg average BW) were blocked by weight and sex, and allotted to 5 treatments with 6 replicates (3 gilts and 3 barrows per replicate pen). Diets were corn-soybean meal-basal diets supplemented with 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg of GAA for 35 d. As dietary GAA increased, final BW, ADG, and G:F increased quadratically (quadratic, P < 0.01), and 300 mg/kg of GAA maximized ADG and final BW (P < 0.05).The results indicate that dietary GAA could increase the creatine and ATP load in the tissues of pigs and accordingly improve growth performance. Dietary supplementation with 300 mg/kg of GAA was suitable to maximize the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X R Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L B Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - W Q Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X L Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - L Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Energy utilisation of broiler chickens in response to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in diets with various energy contents. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:131-140. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on productive performance, intestinal morphometric features, blood parameters and energy utilisation in broiler chickens. A total of 390 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to six dietary treatments based on a factorial arrangement (2×3) across 1–15 and 15–35-d periods. Experimental treatments consisted of two basal diets with standard (STD; starter: 12·56 MJ/kg and grower: 12·97 MJ/kg) and reduction (LME; starter: 11·93 MJ/kg and grower: 12·33 MJ/kg) of apparent metabolisable energy (AME) requirement of broiler chickens each supplemented with 0, 0·6 and 1·2 g/kg GAA. Supplemental 1·2 g/kg GAA decreased the negative effects of feed energy reduction on weight gain across starter, growing and the entire production phases (P<0·05). Energy retention as fat and total energy retention were increased when birds received LME diets supplemented with 1·2 g/kg GAA (P<0·05). Net energy for production (NEp) and total heat production increased in birds fed LME diets containing 1·2 g/kg GAA (P<0·05). A significant correlation was observed between dietary NEp and weight gain of broilers (r 0·493; P=0·0055), whereas this relationship was not seen with AME. Jejunal villus height and crypt depth were lower in birds fed LME diets (P<0·05). Serum concentration of creatinine increased in broilers fed LME diets either supplemented with 1·2 g/kg GAA or without GAA supplementation (P<0·05). Supplemental GAA improved performance of chickens fed LME diet possibly through enhanced dietary NEp. The NEp could be preferred over the AME to assess response of broiler chickens to dietary GAA supplementation.
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Ostojic SM. Benefits and drawbacks of guanidinoacetic acid as a possible treatment to replenish cerebral creatine in AGAT deficiency. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:302-305. [PMID: 28971744 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1385176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that severely affects brain bioenergetics. Characterized by mental retardation, language impairment, and behavioral disorders, AGAT deficiency is a treatable condition, where long-term creatine supplementation usually restores brain creatine levels and improves its clinical features. In some cases of AGAT deficiency, creatine treatment might be somewhat limited due to possible shortcomings in performance and transport of creatine to the brain. Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a direct metabolic precursor of creatine, has recently been suggested as a possible alternative to creatine to tackle brain creatine levels in experimental medicine. AGAT patients might benefit from oral GAA due to upgraded bioavailability and convenient utilization of the compound, while possible drawbacks (e.g. brain methylation issues, neurotoxicity, and hyperhomocysteinemia) should be accounted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- a Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE , University of Novi Sad , Lovcenska 16, Novi Sad 21000 , Serbia.,b University of Belgrade School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia
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Ostojic SM. Co-administration of creatine and guanidinoacetic acid for augmented tissue bioenergetics: A novel approach? Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:238-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ostojic SM. A new perspective to improve brain bioenergetics in disorders with functional GAMT and CT1. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1833. [PMID: 27825802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovcenska 16, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Ostojic SM. Tackling guanidinoacetic acid for advanced cellular bioenergetics. Nutrition 2016; 34:55-57. [PMID: 28063512 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissues with high-energy output, such as the brain and skeletal muscle, suffer the most from impaired or depleted energy levels, with innovative nutritional approaches needed to effectively tackle metabolic deficits in bioenergetics. Here, we highlight the role of guanidinoacetic acid in the control and provision of cellular energy by its interaction with cellular transporters for taurine (SLC6 A6) and γ-aminobutyric acid (SLC6 A13), previously dismissed as "untargetable" carriers by other bioenergetics therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ostojic SM, Ostojic J, Drid P, Vranes M. Guanidinoacetic acid versus creatine for improved brain and muscle creatine levels: a superiority pilot trial in healthy men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1005-7. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, we evaluated whether 4-week supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is superior to creatine in facilitating creatine levels in healthy men (n = 5). GAA (3.0 g/day) resulted in a more powerful rise (up to 16.2%) in tissue creatine levels in vastus medialis muscle, middle-cerebellar peduncle, and paracentral grey matter, as compared with creatine (P < 0.05). These results indicate that GAA as a preferred alternative to creatine for improved bioenergetics in energy-demanding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M. Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovcenska 16, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ostojic
- University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovcenska 16, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Milan Vranes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Ostojic SM, Ostojic J, Drid P, Vranes M, Jovanov P. Dietary guanidinoacetic acid increases brain creatine levels in healthy men. Nutrition 2016; 33:149-156. [PMID: 27497517 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an experimental dietary additive that might act as a creatine source in tissues with high-energy requirements. In this case study, we evaluated brain levels of creatine in white matter, gray matter, cerebellum, and thalamus during 8 wk oral GAA administration in five healthy men and monitored the prevalence and severity of side effects of the intervention. METHODS Volunteers were supplemented daily with 36 mg/kg body weight (BW) of GAA for the first 4 wk of the intervention; afterward GAA dosage was titrated ≤60 mg/kg BW of GAA daily. At baseline, 4, and 8 wk, the participants underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, clinical chemistry studies, and open-ended questionnaire for side-effect prevalence and severity. RESULTS Brain creatine levels increased in similar fashion in cerebellum, and white and gray matter after GAA supplementation, with an initial increase of 10.7% reported after 4 wk, and additional upsurge (7.7%) from the weeks 4 to 8 follow-up (P < 0.05). Thalamus creatine levels decreased after 4 wk for 6.5% (P = 0.02), and increased nonsignificantly after 8 wk for 8% (P = 0.09). GAA induced an increase in N-acetylaspartate levels at 8-wk follow-up in all brain areas evaluated (P < 0.05). No participants reported any neurologic adverse event (e.g., seizures, tingling, convulsions) during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Supplemental GAA led to a region-dependent increase of the creatine pool in the human brain. This might be relevant for restoring cellular bioenergetics in disorders characterized by low brain creatine and functional enzymatic machinery for creatine synthesis, including neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, or cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Ostojic
- University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Vranes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Pavle Jovanov
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Guanidinoacetic acid increases skeletal muscle creatine stores in healthy men. Nutrition 2016; 32:723-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Robinson JL, Bertolo RF. The Pediatric Methionine Requirement Should Incorporate Remethylation Potential and Transmethylation Demands. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:523-34. [PMID: 27184279 PMCID: PMC4863267 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic demand for methionine is great in neonates. Indeed, methionine is the only indispensable sulfur amino acid and is required not only for protein synthesis and growth but is also partitioned to a greater extent to transsulfuration for cysteine and taurine synthesis and to >50 transmethylation reactions that serve to methylate DNA and synthesize metabolites, including creatine and phosphatidylcholine. Therefore, the pediatric methionine requirement must accommodate the demands of rapid protein turnover as well as vast nonprotein demands. Because cysteine spares the methionine requirement, it is likely that the dietary provision of transmethylation products can also feasibly spare methionine. However, understanding the requirement of methionine is further complicated because demethylated methionine can be remethylated by the dietary methyl donors folate and betaine (derived from choline). Intakes of dietary methyl donors are highly variable, which is of particular concern for newborns. It has been demonstrated that many populations have enhanced requirements for these nutrients, and nutrient fortification may exacerbate this phenomenon by selecting phenotypes that increase methyl requirements. Moreover, higher transmethylation rates can limit methyl supply and affect other transmethylation reactions as well as protein synthesis. Therefore, careful investigations are needed to determine how remethylation and transmethylation contribute to the methionine requirement. The purpose of this review is to support our hypothesis that dietary methyl donors and consumers can drive methionine availability for protein synthesis and transmethylation reactions. We argue that nutritional strategies in neonates need to ensure that methionine is available to meet requirements for growth as well as for transmethylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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McBreairty LE, Bertolo RF. The dynamics of methionine supply and demand during early development. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:581-7. [PMID: 27177124 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methionine is an indispensable amino acid that, when not incorporated into protein, is converted into the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine as entry into the methionine cycle. Following transmethylation, homocysteine is either remethylated to reform methionine or irreversibly trans-sulfurated to form cysteine. Methionine flux to transmethylation and to protein synthesis are both high in the neonate and this review focuses on the dynamics of methionine supply and demand during early development, when growth requires expansion of pools of protein and transmethylation products such as creatine and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The nutrients folate and betaine (derived from choline) donate a methyl group during remethylation, providing an endogenous supply of methionine to meet the methionine demand. During early development, variability in the dietary supply of these methionine cycle-related nutrients can affect both the supply and the demand of methionine. For example, a greater need for creatine synthesis can limit methionine availability for protein and PC synthesis, whereas increased availability of remethylation nutrients can increase protein synthesis if dietary methionine is limiting. Moreover, changes to methyl group availability early in life can lead to permanent changes in epigenetic patterns of DNA methylation, which have been implicated in the early origins of adult disease phenomena. This review aims to summarize how changes in methyl supply and demand can affect the availability of methionine for various functions and highlights the importance of variability in methionine-related nutrients in the infant diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McBreairty
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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Advanced physiological roles of guanidinoacetic acid. Eur J Nutr 2015; 54:1211-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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