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Idemudia NL, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Richards V, Coker MO. Altered Surrogate Markers of Inflammation in Perinatal HIV-Exposed Children with Caries. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024:23800844241280729. [PMID: 39385409 DOI: 10.1177/23800844241280729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is associated with immunologic response, yet its association with hematologic parameters and inflammatory markers is unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between some surrogate markers of inflammation and dental caries in the context of perinatal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 2 groups of children aged 4 to 11 y who were (1) HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) and (2) HIV unexposed/uninfected (HUU) and recruited from HIV pediatric and child outpatient clinics, respectively, at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Medical records were reviewed, and trained dentists conducted oral and dental examinations. Five milliliters of EDTA blood was obtained and used for CD4 and CD8 and complete blood analysis, from which other inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated using referenced formulas. RESULTS In total, 245 (125 HEU and 120 HUU) children with a mean (standard deviation) age of 7 (2) y were included in this study. No differences in caries experience were observed in both groups of children (38 children [16%] were caries affected; 19 [16%] and 19 [15%] from the HEU and HUU groups, respectively). Examining the relationship between studied inflammatory markers and caries showed that leucocyte counts were slightly lower in caries-affected children compared with their caries-free counterparts (P = 0.05). Lower levels of neutrophils (P = 0.04) and higher levels of lymphocytes (P = 0.02) were associated with caries prevalence. Although not significant, NLR, PLR, and SII were lower in caries-affected children. CONCLUSION Caries is associated with leucocytes and some of its subsets in both groups of children and independent of perinatal HIV exposure, highlighting the potential of evaluating inflammatory markers in caries prevention, treatment, and research. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This study provides evidence that a relationship exists between dental caries, HIV exposure, and inflammation using affordable methods and advocates the inclusion of these markers in caries care in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Idemudia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - E Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - P Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O Obuekwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - A Omoigberale
- Institute of Child Health, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - V Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - M O Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Ramos Peña DE, Pillet S, Grupioni Lourenço A, Pozzetto B, Bourlet T, Motta ACF. Human immunodeficiency virus and oral microbiota: mutual influence on the establishment of a viral gingival reservoir in individuals under antiretroviral therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1364002. [PMID: 38660490 PMCID: PMC11039817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1364002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the oral microbiota in the overall health and in systemic diseases has gained more importance in the recent years, mainly due to the systemic effects that are mediated by the chronic inflammation caused by oral diseases, such as periodontitis, through the microbial communities of the mouth. The chronic infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts at the tissue level (e.g. gut, genital tract, brain) to create reservoirs; the modulation of the gut microbiota by HIV infection is a good example of these interactions. The purpose of the present review is to assess the state of knowledge on the oral microbiota (microbiome, mycobiome and virome) of HIV-infected patients in comparison to that of HIV-negative individuals and to discuss the reciprocal influence of HIV infection and oral microbiota in patients with periodontitis on the potential establishment of a viral gingival reservoir. The influence of different clinical and biological parameters are reviewed including age, immune and viral status, potent antiretroviral therapies, smoking, infection of the airway and viral coinfections, all factors that can modulate the oral microbiota during HIV infection. The analysis of the literature proposed in this review indicates that the comparisons of the available studies are difficult due to their great heterogeneity. However, some important findings emerge: (i) the oral microbiota is less influenced than that of the gut during HIV infection, although some recurrent changes in the microbiome are identified in many studies; (ii) severe immunosuppression is correlated with altered microbiota and potent antiretroviral therapies correct partially these modifications; (iii) periodontitis constitutes a major factor of dysbiosis, which is exacerbated in HIV-infected patients; its pathogenesis can be described as a reciprocal reinforcement of the two conditions, where the local dysbiosis present in the periodontal pocket leads to inflammation, bacterial translocation and destruction of the supporting tissues, which in turn enhances an inflammatory environment that perpetuates the periodontitis cycle. With the objective of curing viral reservoirs of HIV-infected patients in the future years, it appears important to develop further researches aimed at defining whether the inflamed gingiva can serve of viral reservoir in HIV-infected patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Estefania Ramos Peña
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alan Grupioni Lourenço
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1111, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Mann AE, O'Connell LM, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Kelly C, Coker MO, Richards VP. Impact of HIV on the Oral Microbiome of Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, Determined by Using an rpoC Gene Fragment Metataxonomic Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087123. [PMID: 37428077 PMCID: PMC10434123 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00871-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Children living with HIV have a higher prevalence of oral diseases, including caries, but the mechanisms underlying this higher prevalence are not well understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that HIV infection is associated with a more cariogenic oral microbiome, characterized by an increase in bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of caries. We present data generated from supragingival plaques collected from 484 children representing three exposure groups: (i) children living with HIV (HI), (ii) children who were perinatally exposed but uninfected (HEU), and (iii) unexposed and therefore uninfected children (HUU). We found that the microbiome of HI children is distinct from those of HEU and HUU children and that this distinction is more pronounced in diseased teeth than healthy teeth, suggesting that the impact of HIV is more severe as caries progresses. Moreover, we report both an increase in bacterial diversity and a decrease in community similarity in our older HI cohort compared to our younger HI cohort, which may in part be a prolonged effect of HIV and/or its treatment. Finally, while Streptococcus mutans is often a dominant species in late-stage caries, it tended to be found at lower frequency in our HI cohort than in other groups. Our results highlight the taxonomic diversity of the supragingival plaque microbiome and suggest that broad and increasingly individualistic ecological shifts are responsible for the pathogenesis of caries in children living with HIV, coupled with a diverse and possibly severe impact on known cariogenic taxa that potentially exacerbates caries. IMPORTANCE Since its recognition as a global epidemic in the early 1980s, approximately 84.2 million people have been diagnosed with HIV and 40.1 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. The development and increased global availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens have dramatically reduced the mortality rate of HIV and AIDS, yet approximately 1.5 million new infections were reported in 2021, 51% of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV have a higher prevalence of caries and other chronic oral diseases, the mechanisms of which are not well understood. Here, we used a novel genetic approach to characterize the supragingival plaque microbiome of children living with HIV and compared it to the microbiomes of uninfected and perinatally exposed children to better understand the role of oral bacteria in the etiology of tooth decay in the context of HIV exposure and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ozoemene Obuekwe
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Colton Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - the DOMHaIN Study Team
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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4
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Kuhn L, Wang T, Li F, Strehlau R, Tobin NH, Violari A, Brooker S, Patel F, Liberty A, Shiau S, Arpadi SM, Wadhwa S, Yin MT, Wang S, Tiemessen CT, Aldrovandi GM. Microbiota in the oral cavity of school-age children with HIV who started antiretroviral therapy at young ages in South Africa. AIDS 2023; 37:1583-1591. [PMID: 37199568 PMCID: PMC10524539 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infancy is an important developmental period when the microbiome is shaped. We hypothesized that earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation would attenuate HIV effects on microbiota in the mouth. METHODS Oral swabs were collected from 477 children with HIV (CWH) and 123 children without (controls) at two sites in Johannesburg, South Africa. CWH had started ART less than 3 years of age; 63% less than 6 months of age. Most were well controlled on ART at median age 11 years when the swab was collected. Controls were age-matched and recruited from the same communities. Sequencing of V4 amplicon of 16S rRNA was done. Differences in microbial diversity and relative abundances of taxa were compared between the groups. RESULTS CWH had lower alpha diversity than controls. Genus-level abundances of Granulicatella, Streptococcus, and Gemella were greater and Neisseria and Haemophilus less abundant among CWH than controls. Associations were stronger among boys. Associations were not attenuated with earlier ART initiation. Shifts in genus-level taxa abundances in CWH relative to controls were most marked in children on lopinavir/ritonavir regimens, with fewer shifts seen if on efavirenz ART regimens. CONCLUSION A distinct profile of less diverse oral bacterial taxa was observed in school-aged CWH on ART compared with uninfected controls suggesting modulation of microbiota in the mouth by HIV and/or its treatments. Earlier ART initiation was not associated with microbiota profile. Proximal factors, including current ART regimen, were associated with contemporaneous profile of oral microbiota and may have masked associations with distal factors such as age at ART initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Renate Strehlau
- VIDA Nkanyezi Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole H. Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Avy Violari
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Brooker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Faeezah Patel
- Wits RHI, Shandukani Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Afaaf Liberty
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Stephen M. Arpadi
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sunil Wadhwa
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- National Institutes for Communicable Diseases, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Beall CJ, Lilly EA, Granada C, Treas K, Dubois KR, Hashmi SB, Vazquez JA, Hagensee ME, Griffen AL, Leys EJ, Fidel PL. Independent Effects of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on the Oral Microbiome Identified by Multivariate Analyses. mBio 2023; 14:e0040923. [PMID: 37071004 PMCID: PMC10294613 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00409-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is an important predictor of health and disease. We recently reported significant yet modest effects of HIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the oral microbiome (bacterial and fungal) in a large cohort of HIV-positive (HIV+) and matched HIV-negative (HIV-) individuals. As it was unclear whether ART added to or masked further effects of HIV on the oral microbiome, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of HIV and ART independently, which also included HIV- subjects on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) therapy. Cross-sectional analyses of the effect of HIV devoid of ART (HIV+ ART- versus matched HIV- subjects) showed a significant effect on both the bacteriome and mycobiome (P < 0.024) after controlling for other clinical variables (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). Cross-sectional analyses evaluating the effects of ART (HIV+ ART+ versus HIV+ ART- subjects) revealed a significant effect on the mycobiome (P < 0.007) but not the bacteriome. In parallel longitudinal analyses, ART (before versus after the initiation of ART) had a significant effect on the bacteriome, but not the mycobiome, of HIV+ and HIV- PrEP subjects (P < 0.005 and P < 0.016, respectively). These analyses also revealed significant differences in the oral microbiome and several clinical variables between HIV- PrEP subjects (pre-PrEP) and the HIV-matched HIV- group (P < 0.001). At the species level, a small number of differences in both bacterial and fungal taxa were identified within the effects of HIV and/or ART. We conclude that the effects of HIV and ART on the oral microbiome are similar to those of the clinical variables but collectively are modest overall. IMPORTANCE The oral microbiome can be an important predictor of health and disease. For persons living with HIV (PLWH), HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have a significant influence on their oral microbiome. We previously reported a significant effect of HIV with ART on both the bacteriome and mycobiome. It was unclear whether ART added to or masked further effects of HIV on the oral microbiome. Hence, it was important to evaluate the effects of HIV and ART independently. For this, multivariate cross-sectional and longitudinal oral microbiome analyses (bacteriome and mycobiome) were conducted within the cohort, including HIV+ ART+ subjects and HIV+ and HIV- (preexposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) subjects before and after the initiation of ART. While we report independent significant effects of HIV and ART on the oral microbiome, we conclude that their influence is similar to that of the clinical variables but collectively modest overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J. Beall
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lilly
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carolina Granada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly Treas
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Dubois
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shahr B. Hashmi
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A. Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ann L. Griffen
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L. Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Xie Y, Sun J, Hu C, Ruan B, Zhu B. Oral Microbiota Is Associated With Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794746. [PMID: 34956162 PMCID: PMC8696184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals deserves attention as either HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have effect on the diversity and the composition of the oral microbiome. However, few studies have addressed the oral microbiota and its interplay with different immune responses to ART in HIV-infected individuals. Salivary microbiota and immune activation were studied in 30 HIV-infected immunological responders (IR) and 34 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and < 200 CD4 + T-cell counts/μl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression, respectively) with no comorbidities. Metagenome sequencing revealed that the IR and the INR group presented similar salivary bacterial richness and diversity. The INR group presented a significantly higher abundance of genus Selenomonas_4, while the IR group manifested higher abundances of Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas. Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas were positively correlated with the current CD4 + T-cells. Candidatus_Saccharimonas was positively correlated with the markers of adaptive immunity CD4 + CD57 + T-cells, while negative correlation was found between norank _p_Saccharimonas and the CD8 + CD38 + T-cells as well as the CD4/CD8 + HLADR + CD38 + T-cells. The conclusions are that the overall salivary microbiota structure was similar in the immunological responders and immunological non-responders, while there were some taxonomic differences in the salivary bacterial composition. Selenomona_4, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and norank _p_Saccharimonas might act as important factors of the immune recovery in the immunodeficiency patients, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas could be considered in the future as screening biomarkers for the immune responses in the HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Coker MO, Akhigbe P, Osagie E, Idemudia NL, Igedegbe O, Chukwumah N, Adebiyi R, Mann AE, O'Connell LM, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Charurat ME, Richards VP. Dental caries and its association with the oral microbiomes and HIV in young children-Nigeria (DOMHaIN): a cohort study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:620. [PMID: 34863179 PMCID: PMC8642767 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to understand better the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of caries in HIV-infected school-aged Nigerian children by examining the relationship between the plaque microbiome and perinatal HIV infection and exposure. We also seek to investigate how perinatal HIV infection and exposure impact tooth-specific microbiomes' role on caries disease progression. Methods The participants in this study were children aged 4 to 11 years recruited from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Nigeria, between May to November 2019. Overall, 568 children were enrolled in three groups: 189 HIV-infected (HI), 189 HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) and 190 HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) as controls at visit 1 with a 2.99% and 4.90% attrition rate at visit 2 and visit 3 respectively. Data were obtained with standardized questionnaires. Blood samples were collected for HIV, HBV and HCV screening; CD4, CD8 and full blood count analysis; and plasma samples stored for future investigations; oral samples including saliva, buccal swabs, oropharyngeal swab, tongue swab, dental plaque were collected aseptically from participants at different study visits. Conclusions Results from the study will provide critical information on how HIV exposure, infection, and treatment, influence the oral microbiome and caries susceptibility in children. By determining the effect on community taxonomic structure and gene expression of dental microbiomes, we will elucidate mechanisms that potentially create a predisposition for developing dental caries. As future plans, the relationship between respiratory tract infections, immune and inflammatory markers with dental caries in perinatal HIV infection and exposure will be investigated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01944-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe O Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, 110 Bergen Street, Room C-845, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Research Department, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Research Department, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Research Department, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nosakhare L Idemudia
- Medical Microbiology Division, Medical Laboratory Services, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oghenero Igedegbe
- Research Department, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nneka Chukwumah
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ruxton Adebiyi
- Research Department, Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Allison E Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Ozo Obuekwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | - Manhattan E Charurat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Coker MO, Cairo C, Garzino-Demo A. HIV-Associated Interactions Between Oral Microbiota and Mucosal Immune Cells: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676669. [PMID: 34616391 PMCID: PMC8488204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with sustained use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of systemic comorbid conditions and oral pathologies, including opportunistic infections, oral mucosal inflammation, and gingival and periodontal diseases. The immune-mediated mechanisms that drive this increased risk, in the context of sustained viral suppression, are unclear. HIV infection, even when controlled, alters microbial communities contributing to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that underlies these non-HIV co-morbidities. The higher prevalence of dental caries, and mucosal and periodontal inflammation reported in HIV-infected individuals on ART is often associated with differentially abundant oral microbial communities, possibly leading to a heightened susceptibility to inflammation. This mini-review highlights current gaps in knowledge regarding the microbe-mediated oral mucosal immunity with HIV infection while discussing opportunities for future research investigations and implementation of novel approaches to elucidate these gaps. Interventions targeting both inflammation and microbial diversity are needed to mitigate oral inflammation-related comorbidities, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. More broadly, additional research is needed to bolster general models of microbiome-mediated chronic immune activation and aid the development of precise microbiota-targeted interventions to reverse or mitigate adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe O Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine at Rutgers, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at Rutgers, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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Li S, Zhu J, Su B, Wei H, Chen F, Liu H, Wei J, Yang X, Zhang Q, Xia W, Wu H, He Q, Zhang T. Alteration in Oral Microbiome Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Acute and Chronic HIV Infection on Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:695515. [PMID: 34336719 PMCID: PMC8317457 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.695515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral disease remains a common problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that impairment of immune function in HIV infection might lead to the conversion of commensal bacteria to microorganisms with increased pathogenicity. However, limited information is available about alteration in oral microbiome in PLWH on ART. We performed a longitudinal comparative study on men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute HIV infection (n=15), MSM with chronic HIV infection (n=15), and HIV-uninfected MSM controls (n=15). Throat swabs were collected when these subjects were recruited (W0) and 12 weeks after ART treatment (W12) from the patients. Genomic DNAs were extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Microbiome diversity was significantly decreased in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections compared with those in controls at the sampling time of W0 and the significant difference remained at W12. An increased abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was found in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections. Moreover, increased abundances of Prevotella in subjects with acute HIV infection and Streptococcus in subjects with chronic HIV infection were observed. In contrast, greater abundance in Lactobacillus, Rothia, Lautropia, and Bacteroides was found in controls. After effective ART, Bradyrhizobium was enriched in both acute and chronic HIV infections, whereas in controls, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched. In addition, we found that lower CD4+ T-cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) were associated with lower relative abundances of Haemophilus, Actinomyces, unidentified Ruminococcaceae, and Rothia. This study has shown alteration in oral microbiome resulting from HIV infection and ART. The results obtained warrant further studies in a large number of subjects with different ethnics. It might contribute to improved oral health in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongshan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Abstract
The oral microbiome is likely a key element of homeostasis in the oral cavity. With >600 bacterial species and >160 fungal species comprising the oral microbiome, influences on its composition can have an impact on both local and systemic health. The oral microbiome is considered an important factor in health and disease. We recently reported significant effects of HIV and several other clinical variables on the oral bacterial communities in a large cohort of HIV-positive and -negative individuals. The purpose of the present study was to similarly analyze the oral mycobiome in the same cohort. To identify fungi, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the fungal rRNA genes was sequenced using oral rinse samples from 149 HIV-positive and 88 HIV-negative subjects that had previously undergone bacterial amplicon sequencing. Quantitative PCR was performed for total fungal content and total bacterial content. Interestingly, samples often showed predominance of a single fungal species with four major clusters predominated by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Malassezia restricta, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Quantitative PCR analysis showed the Candida-dominated sample clusters had significantly higher total fungal abundance than the Malassezia or Saccharomyces species. Of the 25 clinical variables evaluated for potential influences on the oral mycobiome, significant effects were associated with caries status, geographical site of sampling, sex, HIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and missing teeth, in rank order of statistical significance. Investigating specific interactions between fungi and bacteria in the samples often showed Candida species positively correlated with Firmicutes or Actinobacteria and negatively correlated with Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Our data suggest that the oral mycobiome, while diverse, is often dominated by a limited number of species per individual; is affected by several clinical variables, including HIV positivity and HAART; and shows genera-specific associations with bacterial groups.
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11
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Fidel PL, Moyes D, Samaranayake L, Hagensee ME. Interplay between oral immunity in HIV and the microbiome. Oral Dis 2020; 26 Suppl 1:59-68. [PMID: 32862522 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This Basic Science Workshop addressed the oral microbiome. At the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health & Disease in HIV/AIDS in India in 2014, some aspects of the human microbiome were discussed, and research questions formulated. Since that time, there have been major advances in technology, which have stimulated a number of publications on many aspects of the human microbiome, including the oral cavity. This workshop aimed to summarize current understanding of the "normal" microbiome of the oral cavity compared to that during HIV infection, and how oral immune factors and other clinical variables alter or control the oral microbiome. An important question is whether successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy, which leads to a significant drop in viral loads and immune reconstitution, is associated with any change or recovery of the oral microbiome. Additionally, the workshop addressed the issue of which parameters are most appropriate/correct to evaluate the oral microbiome and how clinically relevant are shifts/changes in the oral microbiome. The workshop evaluated current knowledge in five research areas related to five basic questions and identified further topics where further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Fidel
- LSU Health School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Pitones-Rubio V, Chávez-Cortez EG, Hurtado-Camarena A, González-Rascón A, Serafín-Higuera N. Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness? Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109969. [PMID: 32592918 PMCID: PMC7303044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) comprises a group of diseases involving inflammatory aspects of the host and dysbiotic events that affect periodontal tissues and could have systemic implications. Diverse factors and comorbidities have been closely associated with PD such as diabetes, obesity, aging, hypertension, and so on; although, underlying mechanisms or causal associations have not been established completely. Interestingly, these same factors have been widely associated with progression or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Since inflammatory and dysbiotic factors as well as comorbidities affect systemic health, it is possible that periodontal status indicates the risk of complication of COVID-19. However, assessment of oral health history including periodontal status in COVID-19 patients has not been reported. Knowing PD is associated with severe COVID-19 could help identify risk groups and establish pertinent recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Pitones-Rubio
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21040, Mexico
| | - E G Chávez-Cortez
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21040, Mexico
| | - Angélica Hurtado-Camarena
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21040, Mexico
| | - Anna González-Rascón
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21040, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Serafín-Higuera
- Facultad de Odontología Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21040, Mexico.
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13
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Li Q, Hu Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Han Q, Cheng L. Role of Oral Bacteria in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102797. [PMID: 33003438 PMCID: PMC7600411 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive epithelial neoplasm that is influenced by various risk factors, with a low survival rate and an increasing death rate. In the past few years, with the verification of the close relationship between different types of cancers and the microbiome, research has focused on the compositional changes of oral bacteria and their role in OSCC. Generally, oral bacteria can participate in OSCC development by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, influencing normal apoptosis, facilitating invasion and metastasis, and assisting cancer stem cells. The study findings on the association between oral bacteria and OSCC may provide new insight into methods for early diagnosis and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Han
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.C.)
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14
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Immune status, and not HIV infection or exposure, drives the development of the oral microbiota. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10830. [PMID: 32616727 PMCID: PMC7331591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with antiretroviral therapy, children born to HIV-infected (HI) mothers are at a higher risk of early-life infections and morbidities including dental disease. The increased risk of dental caries in HI children suggest immune-mediated changes in oral bacterial communities, however, the impact of perinatal HIV exposure on the oral microbiota remains unclear. We hypothesized that the oral microbiota of HI and perinatally HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (HEU) children will significantly differ from HIV-unexposed-and-uninfected (HUU) children. Saliva samples from 286 child-participants in Nigeria, aged ≤ 6 years, were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Perinatal HIV infection was significantly associated with community composition (HI vs. HUU—p = 0.04; HEU vs. HUU—p = 0.11) however, immune status had stronger impacts on bacterial profiles (p < 0.001). We observed age-stratified associations of perinatal HIV exposure on community composition, with HEU children differing from HUU children in early life but HEU children becoming more similar to HUU children with age. Our findings suggest that, regardless of age, HIV infection or exposure, low CD4 levels persistently alter the oral microbiota during this critical developmental period. Data also indicates that, while HIV infection clearly shapes the developing infant oral microbiome, the effect of perinatal exposure (without infection) appears transient.
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15
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Ryder MI, Shiboski C, Yao TJ, Moscicki AB. Current trends and new developments in HIV research and periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:65-77. [PMID: 31850628 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapies, the face of HIV infection has changed dramatically from a disease with almost certain mortality from serious comorbidities, to a manageable chronic condition with an extended lifespan. In this paper we present the more recent investigations into the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases in patients with HIV, and the effects of combined antiretroviral therapies on the incidence and progression of these diseases both in adults and perinatally infected children. In addition, comparisons and potential interactions between the HIV-associated microbiome, host responses, and pathogenesis in the oral cavity with the gastrointestinal tract and other areas of the body are presented. Also, the effects of HIV and combined antiretroviral therapies on comorbidities such as hyposalivation, dementia, and osteoporosis on periodontal disease progression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Griffen AL, Thompson ZA, Beall CJ, Lilly EA, Granada C, Treas KD, DuBois KR, Hashmi SB, Mukherjee C, Gilliland AE, Vazquez JA, Hagensee ME, Leys EJ, Fidel PL. Significant effect of HIV/HAART on oral microbiota using multivariate analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19946. [PMID: 31882580 PMCID: PMC6934577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons infected with HIV are particularly vulnerable to a variety of oral microbial diseases. Although various study designs and detection approaches have been used to compare the oral microbiota of HIV-negative and HIV-positive persons, both with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), methods have varied, and results have not been consistent or conclusive. The purpose of the present study was to compare the oral bacterial community composition in HIV-positive persons under HAART to an HIV-negative group using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Extensive clinical data was collected, and efforts were made to balance the groups on clinical variables to minimize confounding. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the independent contribution of HIV status. Eighty-nine HIV-negative participants and 252 HIV-positive participants under HAART were sampled. The independent effect of HIV under HAART on the oral microbiome was statistically significant, but smaller than the effect of gingivitis, periodontal disease, smoking, caries, and other clinical variables. In conclusion, a multivariate comparison of a large sample of persons with HIV under HAART to an HIV-negative control group showed a complex set of clinical features that influenced oral bacterial community composition, including the presence of HIV under HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Griffen
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Zachary A Thompson
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Clifford J Beall
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lilly
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carolina Granada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly D Treas
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kenneth R DuBois
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shahr B Hashmi
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chiranjit Mukherjee
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aubrey E Gilliland
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jose A Vazquez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia/Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael E Hagensee
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eugene J Leys
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Fidel
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
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17
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Gonçalves LS, Ferreira DDC, Heng NCK, Vidal F, Santos HF, Zanicotti DG, Vasconcellos M, Stambovsky M, Lawley B, Rubini NDPM, Santos KRN, Seymour GJ. Oral bacteriome of HIV‐1‐infected children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Next‐generation DNA sequencing analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1192-1204. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Vidal
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Estácio de Sá Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Katia Regina Netto Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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18
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Kalanzi D, Mayanja-Kizza H, Nakanjako D, Mwesigwa CL, Ssenyonga R, Amaechi BT. Prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in patients attending an HIV care clinic in Uganda: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:159. [PMID: 31324242 PMCID: PMC6642521 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced saliva flow rate due to infiltration of HIV and proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes in salivary glands. It is unclear whether HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increase caries risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in HIV infected adults attending the Mulago Immune Suppression Syndrome (ISS) clinic in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV infected persons. Dental examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists using the WHO Radke's caries classification criteria and reported using the decayed (D), missing (M), filled (F), teeth (DMFT) index. The prevalence and factors associated with dental caries was examined through linear regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 748 participants (females = 491, 65.6%) with a mean age of 39 ± 9.4 years were included in the final analysis; of whom 83.7% had caries (DMFT> 0), with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence among females 86.6% than males 78.2%. The mean DMFT was 5.9 ± 5.5, with statistically significant differences based on gender (males 4.9 ± 4.8 and females 6.3 ± 5.9, p < 0.05) and duration on ART (< 2 years 4.8 ± 4.4, > 2 years but < 5 years 5.7 ± 5.5, > 5 years 6.6 ± 6.0 p < 0.05). The majority (67.2%) of participants reported brushing their teeth twice or more a day, and sugar intake was not associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION Caries prevalence is high among HIV infected adults under care. Duration of ART was associated with increased risk and severity of caries. Therefore, we recommend integration of dental care in HIV treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunstan Kalanzi
- Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Lutalo Mwesigwa
- Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Ssenyonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
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19
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Jafri H, Khan MSA, Ahmad I. In vitro efficacy of eugenol in inhibiting single and mixed-biofilms of drug-resistant strains of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:206-213. [PMID: 30668370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is frequently associated with mixed infections of Streptococcus mutans in plaque biofilms. These pathogens under chemical interactions resulting in mixed biofilm development have turned it into a prevalent and costly oral disease, which is not successfully being treated by existing chemotherapeutics. HYPOTHESIS Considering the need for newer drugs to overcome this challenge, the present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of eugenol in inhibiting single and mixed biofilms of C. albicans and S. mutans. METHODS The broth dilution assay was used to determine drug resistance in the test strains. Biofilm formation on polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by XTT reduction assay whereas biofilm development on glass coverslips was assessed using 0.1% crystal violet and visualised under light microscope. Single and mixed biofilms formed on glass coverslips in the presence and absence of eugenol was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS In our study, all the thirteen strains of C. albicans were resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B except C. albicans (CAJ-01) and C. albicans MTCC3017 which were sensitive to fluconazole. S. mutans MTCC497 was resistant to ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin. Among all the strains of C. albicans, CAJ-01, C. albicans ATCC90028 and C. albicans MTCC3017 formed strong biofilms and rest of the strains considered as moderate to weak biofilm formers. S. mutans MTCC497 was also formed strong biofilms. Eugenol showed concentration dependent anti-biofilm activity against single and mixed biofilms of C. albicans (CAJ-01) and S. mutans MTCC497. At sub-MIC of eugenol (100 μg/ml), the biofilm formation was 36.37% and 29.72% in CAJ-01 and S. mutans MTCC497, respectively, whereas 52.65% in mixed biofilms. The cell viability assay showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the log10 CFU/ml from 6.3 to 4.8 at 200 μg/ml of eugenol for CAJ-01, whereas, from 6.4 to 3.8 and 5.3 for S. mutans MTCC497 strains in single and mixed biofilms, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed the disruption of cell membrane and matrix structure in both single and mixed biofilms. CONCLUSIONS Eugenol at sub-MICs effectively inhibited single and mixed biofilms formed by the drug resistant strains of two oral pathogens, C. albicans and S. mutans through multiple mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Jafri
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Biology Unit, Health Track, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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20
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Shi Y, Xia W, Liu S, Guo J, Qi Z, Zou Y, Wang L, Duan SZ, Zhou Y, Lin C, Shi J, Wang L, Fan C, Lv M, Tang Z. Impact of Graphene Exposure on Microbial Activity and Community Ecosystem in Saliva. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:226-235. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shi
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shima Liu
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingyang Guo
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhengnan Qi
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Zou
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chenglie Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- UCB Pharma, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Min Lv
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zisheng Tang
- National Clinical
Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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21
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Unique subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis in cirrhosis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10718. [PMID: 30013030 PMCID: PMC6048062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a severe disease with major impact on the overall health of the patient including poor oral health. Lately, there has been increasing focus on oral diseases as cirrhosis-related complications due to the potential impact on systemic health and ultimately mortality. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in cirrhosis patients. However, no studies have investigated the composition of the subgingival microbiome in patients suffering from periodontitis and liver cirrhosis. We analysed the subgingival microbiome in 21 patients with periodontitis and cirrhosis using long-reads Illumina sequencing. The subgingival microbiota was dominated by bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes phylum and to a lesser extend the Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. Bacteria usually considered periodontal pathogens, like Porhyromonas ginigivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, generally showed low abundancy. Comparing the microbiota in our patients with that of periodontitis patients and healthy controls of three other studies revealed that the periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota in cirrhosis patients is composed of a unique microbiota of bacteria not normally associated with periodontitis. We hypothesise that periodontitis in cirrhosis patients is a consequence of dysbiosis due to a compromised immune system that renders commensal bacteria pathogenic.
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Starr JR, Huang Y, Lee KH, Murphy CM, Moscicki AB, Shiboski CH, Ryder MI, Yao TJ, Faller LL, Van Dyke RB, Paster BJ. Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:100. [PMID: 29855347 PMCID: PMC5984365 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth. RESULTS Species richness and alpha diversity differed little between PHIV and PHEU youth. Group differences in average counts met the significance threshold for six taxa; two Corynebacterium species were lower in PHIV and met thresholds for noteworthiness. Several known periodontitis-associated organisms (Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Filifactor alocis) exhibited expected associations with periodontitis in PHEU youth, associations not observed in PHIV youth. In both groups, odds of caries increased with counts of taxa in four genera, Streptococcus, Scardovia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS The microbiomes of PHIV and PHEU youth were similar, although PHIV youth seemed to have fewer "health"-associated taxa such as Corynebacterium species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV infection, or its treatment, may contribute to oral dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Starr
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Murphy
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline H Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark I Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
The human microbiome project (HMP) promoted further understanding of human oral microbes. However, research on the human oral microbiota has not made as much progress as research on the gut microbiota. Currently, the causal relationship between the oral microbiota and oral diseases remains unclear, and little is known about the link between the oral microbiota and human systemic diseases. To further understand the contribution of the oral microbiota in oral diseases and systemic diseases, a Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) was established in the US. The HOMD includes 619 taxa in 13 phyla, and most of the microorganisms are from American populations. Due to individual differences in the microbiome, the HOMD does not reflect the Chinese oral microbial status. Herein, we established a new oral microbiome database—the Oral Microbiome Bank of China (OMBC, http://www.sklod.org/ombc). Currently, the OMBC includes information on 289 bacterial strains and 720 clinical samples from the Chinese population, along with lab and clinical information. The OMBC is the first curated description of a Chinese-associated microbiome; it provides tools for use in investigating the role of the oral microbiome in health and diseases, and will give the community abundant data and strain information for future oral microbial studies. A new resource for consolidating oral microbiome data will help researchers explore the relationship between these commensal communities and the health of their hosts. Numerous studies have highlighted apparent connections between alterations in the microbial communities within the human mouth and medical conditions including diabetes and cancer. A recent article from researchers led by Liao Ga at Sichuan University describes the launch of the Oral Microbiome Bank of China, an effort to study such connections by profiling specimens from individuals from across the country. The database currently houses detailed information on 289 bacterial strains and the samples from which they were obtained. The authors are now looking to analyze these data to gain insights into the structure and function of oral ecosystems, and to further expand this database as a resource for Chinese microbiome research.
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Ferreira MVM, Cavalcanti ÉFF, PM Rubini ND, Ferreira DC, Gonçalves LS, V Colombo AP. Oral status and periodontal microbiota of HIV-infected youth infected by vertical transmission. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the oral status and microbiota of HIV+ youth infected by vertical transmission. Materials & methods: 34 HIV+ and 36 HIV- individuals (14–24 years of age) were examined for oral infections/lesions. Subgingival biofilm was collected and the microbiota determined by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Results: Over 90% of the HIV+ youth were under highly active antiretroviral therapy, but 64.6% had AIDS and 47% presented oral manifestations. HIV+ youth showed more periodontal attachment loss and inflammation than HIV- (p < 0.05), and also high prevalence of caries. Most species were detected in higher prevalence in the microbiota of HIV+ than controls. Conclusion: HIV+ youth infected by vertical transmission presented more periodontal destruction and inflammation, and greater prevalence of microbial pathogens compared with HIV- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana VM Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Édila FF Cavalcanti
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma de PM Rubini
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Gafrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dennis C Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucio S Gonçalves
- School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula V Colombo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Acharya A, Chan Y, Kheur S, Jin LJ, Watt RM, Mattheos N. Salivary microbiome in non-oral disease: A summary of evidence and commentary. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:169-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Human diseases, immunity and the oral microbiota—Insights gained from metagenomic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(16)30024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Noguera-Julian M, Guillén Y, Peterson J, Reznik D, Harris EV, Joseph SJ, Rivera J, Kannanganat S, Amara R, Nguyen ML, Mutembo S, Paredes R, Read TD, Marconi VC. Oral microbiome in HIV-associated periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5821. [PMID: 28328799 PMCID: PMC5371436 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated periodontal diseases (PD) could serve as a source of chronic inflammation. Here, we sought to characterize the oral microbial signatures of HIV+ and HIV- individuals at different levels of PD severity.This cross-sectional study included both HIV+ and HIV- patients with varying degrees of PD. Two tooth, 2 cheek, and 1 saliva samples were obtained for microbiome analysis. Mothur/SILVADB were used to classify sequences. R/Bioconductor (Vegan, PhyloSeq, and DESeq2) was employed to assess overall microbiome structure differences and differential abundance of bacterial genera between groups. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to assess immune activation in CD4 and CD8 cell populations.Around 250 cheek, tooth, and saliva samples from 50 participants (40 HIV+ and 10 HIV-) were included. Severity of PD was classified clinically as None/Mild (N), Moderate (M), and Severe (S) with 18 (36%), 16 (32%), and 16 (32%) participants in each category, respectively. Globally, ordination analysis demonstrated clustering by anatomic site (R2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). HIV status and PD severity showed a statistically significant impact on microbiome composition but only accounted for a combined 2% of variation. HIV+ samples were enriched in genera Abiotrophia, Neisseria, Kingella, and unclassified Neisseriaceae and depleted in Leptotrichia and Selenomonas. The Neisseria genus was consistently enriched in HIV+ participants regardless of sampling site and PD level. Immune markers were altered in HIV+ participants but did not show association with the oral microbiome.HIV-associated changes in oral microbiome result in subtle microbial signatures along different stages of PD that are common in independent oral anatomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra
- University de Vic-University Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guillén
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra
| | - Jessica Peterson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - David Reznik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
- Infectious Diseases Program, Grady Health System
| | - Erica V. Harris
- Department of Biology, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center
| | - Sandeep J. Joseph
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Javier Rivera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona
- University de Vic-University Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sunil Kannanganat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rama Amara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Minh Ly Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra
- University de Vic-University Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
- Unitat VIH, Hosp. University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
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Yang L, Poles MA, Fisch GS, Ma Y, Nossa C, Phelan JA, Pei Z. HIV-induced immunosuppression is associated with colonization of the proximal gut by environmental bacteria. AIDS 2016; 30:19-29. [PMID: 26731752 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on colonization resistance in the proximal gut. DESIGN It was a case-control study. METHODS We contrasted microbiota composition between eight HIV-1-infected patients and eight HIV-negative controls to characterize community alteration and detect exogenous bacteria in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, as well as the mouth using a universal 16s ribosomal RNA gene survey and correlated the findings with HIV serostatus and peripheral blood T-cell counts. RESULTS HIV infection was associated with an enrichment of Proteobacteria (P=0.020) and depletion of Firmicutes (P = 0.005) in the proximal gut. In particular, environmental species Burkholderia fungorum and Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi colonized the duodenum of HIV patients who had abnormal blood CD4 T-cell counts but were absent in HIV-negative controls or HIV patients whose CD4 cell counts were normal. The two species coexisted and exhibited a decreasing trend proximally toward the stomach and esophagus and were virtually absent in the mouth. B. fungorum always outnumbered B. pachyrhizi in a ratio of approximately 15 to 1 regardless of the body sites (P < 0.0001, r = 0.965). Their abundance was inversely correlated with CD4 cell counts (P = 0.004) but not viral load. Overgrowth of potential opportunistic pathogens for example, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Ralstonia and depletion of beneficial bacteria, for example, Lactobacillus was also observed in HIV patients. CONCLUSIONS The colonization of the duodenum by environmental bacteria reflects loss of colonization resistance in HIV infection. Their correlation with CD4 cell counts suggests that compromised immunity could be responsible for the observed invasion by exogenous microbes.
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