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Márton RA, Sebők C, Mackei M, Tráj P, Vörösházi J, Kemény Á, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Pap12-6: A host defense peptide with potent immunomodulatory activity in a chicken hepatic cell culture. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302913. [PMID: 38728358 PMCID: PMC11086923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the fight against antimicrobial resistance, host defense peptides (HDPs) are increasingly referred to as promising molecules for the design of new antimicrobial agents. In terms of their future clinical use, particularly small, synthetic HDPs offer several advantages, based on which their application as feed additives has aroused great interest in the poultry sector. However, given their complex mechanism of action and the limited data about the cellular effects in production animals, their investigation is of great importance in these species. The present study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory activity of the synthetic HDP Pap12-6 (PAP) solely and in inflammatory environments evoked by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), in a primary chicken hepatocyte-non-parenchymal cell co-culture. Based on the investigation of the extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, PAP seemed to exert no cytotoxicity on hepatic cells, suggesting its safe application. Moreover, PAP was able to influence the immune response, reflected by the decreased production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and "regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted"(RANTES), as well as the reduced IL-6/IL-10 ratio in Poly I:C-induced inflammation. PAP also diminished the levels of extracellular H2O2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) when applied together with Poly I:C and in both inflammatory conditions, respectively. Consequently, PAP appeared to display potent immunomodulatory activity, preferring to act towards the cellular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant processes. These findings confirm that PAP might be a promising alternative for designing novel antimicrobial immunomodulatory agents for chickens, thereby contributing to the reduction of the use of conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rege Anna Márton
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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AbouSamra MM, Farouk F, Abdelhamed FM, Emam KAF, Abdeltawab NF, Salama AH. Synergistic approach for acne vulgaris treatment using glycerosomes loaded with lincomycin and lauric acid: Formulation, in silico, in vitro, LC-MS/MS skin deposition assay and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123487. [PMID: 37805147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a pharmaceutical formulation that combines the potent antibacterial effect of lincomycin and lauric acid against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a bacterium implicated in acne. The selection of lauric acid was based on an in silico study, which suggested that its interaction with specific protein targets of C. acnes may contribute to its synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. To achieve our aim, glycerosomes were fabricated with the incorporation of lauric acid as a main constituent of glycerosomes vesicular membrane along with cholesterol and phospholipon 90H, while lincomycin was entrapped within the aqueous cavities. Glycerol is expected to enhance the cutaneous absorption of the active moieties via hydrating the skin. Optimization of lincomycin-loaded glycerosomes (LM-GSs) was conducted using a mixed factorial experimental design. The optimized formulation; LM-GS4 composed of equal ratios of cholesterol:phospholipon90H:Lauric acid, demonstrated a size of 490 ± 17.5 nm, entrapment efficiency-values of 90 ± 1.4 % for lincomycin, and97 ± 0.2 % for lauric acid, and a surface charge of -30.2 ± 0.5mV. To facilitate its application on the skin, the optimized formulation was incorporated into a carbopol hydrogel. The formed hydrogel exhibited a pH value of 5.95 ± 0.03 characteristic of pH-balanced skincare and a shear-thinning non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow. Skin deposition of lincomycin was assessed using an in-house developed and validated LC-MS/MS method employing gradient elution and electrospray ionization detection. Results revealed that LM-GS4 hydrogel exhibited a two-fold increase in skin deposition of lincomycin compared to lincomycin hydrogel, indicating improved skin penetration and sustained release. The synergistic healing effect of LM-GS4 was evidenced by a reduction in inflammation, bacterial load, and improved histopathological changes in an acne mouse model. In conclusion, the proposed formulation demonstrated promising potential as a topical treatment for acne. It effectively enhanced the cutaneous absorption of lincomycin, exhibited favorable physical properties, and synergistic antibacterial and healing effects. This study provides valuable insights for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for acne management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Faten Farouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah M Abdelhamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khloud A F Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourtan F Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kim JE, Han H, Xu Y, Lee MH, Lee HJ. Efficacy of FRO on Acne Vulgaris Pathogenesis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1885. [PMID: 37514071 PMCID: PMC10384752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease characterized by increased sebum production, inflammation, and Cutibacterium acnes (CA: formerly Propionibacterium acnes) hyperproliferation in pilosebaceous follicles. This study evaluated the efficacy of FRO, a formula composed of fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes and Orostachys japonicus, against acne pathogenesis via antimicrobial assessment and an in vitro analysis. Stimulated model cells treated with hormones, CA, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were designed based on the characteristics of acne pathogenesis, including inflammation and sebum hypersecretion. High-performance liquid chromatography, disc diffusion, MTS, and western blotting assays were used to examine potential anti-acne effects. FRO was determined to contain phenolics such as gallic acid, fisetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. FRO exerted antimicrobial activity against CA and inhibited reactive oxygen species production that was otherwise increased by LPS or CA in HaCaT cells. Additionally, FRO exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, p-STAT-3, and p-NF-κB, which were previously upregulated by LPS or CA in THP-1 and HaCaT cells. FRO inhibited lipogenesis induced by steroid hormones and CA by decreasing FAS and SREBP-1 levels in sebocytes. Additionally, FRO down-regulated the androgen receptor, 5α-reductase, SREBP-1, and FAS levels, which were upregulated by steroid hormone in LNCaP cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that FRO alleviates acne by inhibiting the growth of CA, inflammation, and excess sebum and could be used for functional cosmetics or acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinzhu Xu
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science & Services, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Pereira F, de Annunzio SR, Lopes TDA, de Oliveira KT, Cilli EM, Barbugli PA, Fontana CR. Efficacy of the combination of P5 peptide and photodynamic therapy mediated by bixin and chlorin-e6 against Cutibacterium acnes biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103104. [PMID: 36057364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the action of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) P5 and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by bixin and chlorin-e6 (Ce6) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in planktonic phase and biofilm were evaluated both as monotherapies and combined therapies. Microbial viability after treatments were quantified by colony-forming units per milliliter of the sample (CFU/mL) and have demonstrated that all treatments employed exerted bactericidal activity, reducing the microbial load by more than 3 log10 CFU/mL, also demonstrating for the first time in the literature the antimicrobial photodynamic effect of bixin that occurs mostly through type I mechanism which was proved by the quantification of superoxide anion production. Bacterial biofilm was completely eliminated only after its exposure to aPDT mediated by this PS, however, Ce6 proved to be a more efficient PS, considering that most of the photodynamic effect of bixin- aPDT was exerted by excitation of the endogenous C porphyrins of C. acnes with blue light. The combination of P5 with Ce6-aPDT showed a synergistic effect on the bacterial biofilm with a reduction in microbial load by more than 10 log10 CFU/mL, in which the ability of P5 to permeabilize the polymeric extracellular matrix of the biofilm explains the obtained results, with greater internalization of the PS as shown by the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with Tukey's post-test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post-test were used to compare the values of continuous variables between the control group and the treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pereira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais de Assis Lopes
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Savitri D, Djawad K, Hatta M, Wahyuni S, Bukhari A. Active compounds in kepok banana peel as anti-inflammatory in acne vulgaris: Review article. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104868. [PMID: 36582904 PMCID: PMC9793233 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous units characterized by recurrent comedones, erythematous papules and pustules. The disease is benign however may produce scarring, erythema, and hyperpigmentation resulting in physical and psychological problems. Conventional therapy may reduce the symptoms of AV nevertheless, has a possibility of resistance, unwanted side effects, and has high cost. Thus, utilizing natural remedies may be a useful. Methods The data in this study were collect by search the keyword combinations of medical subject heading (mesh) of "inhibition", "antimicrobial", "banana peel", "acne vulgaris" and "antiinflammation" and relevant reference lists were manually searched in PubMed, EMBRASE and Scopus database. All relevant articles in data base above were included and narratively discussed in this review article. Objective To discuss the bioactive potential of banana peel as an inflammatory modulator in acne vulgaris. Results Banana peel contains many bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic and non-phenolic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, carotene, and cyanidin) which are pivotal in removing inflammatory products by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting protease inhibitors from oxidative damage, and preventing fibroblasts degradation. Banana peel also contains anti-inflammatory agents such as trigonelline which inhibits bacterial enzymes and nucleic acid synthesis; isovanillic acid which suppresses TNF-α production; and ferulic acid which inhibits the production of proinflammatory signaling and cytokines. Conclusion Banana peel contains many bioactive compounds which demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties through several processes of the inflammatory pathway. However further research is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwiana Savitri
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Khairuddin Djawad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
| | - Sitti Wahyuni
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Matsumoto Y, Sato E, Sugita T. Acute melanization of silkworm hemolymph by peptidoglycans of the human commensal bacterium Cutibacterium acnes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271420. [PMID: 36155485 PMCID: PMC9512201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a pathogenic bacterium that cause inflammatory diseases of the skin and intervertebral discs. The immune activation induced by C. acnes requires multiple cellular responses in the host. Silkworm, an invertebrate, generates melanin by phenoloxidase upon recognizing bacterial or fungal components. Therefore, the melanization reaction can be used as an indicator of innate immune activation. A silkworm infection model was developed for evaluating the virulence of C. acnes, but a system for evaluating the induction of innate immunity by C. acnes using melanization as an indicator has not yet been established. Here we demonstrated that C. acnes rapidly causes melanization of the silkworm hemolymph. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium identical to C. acnes, does not cause immediate melanization. Even injection of heat-killed C. acnes cells caused melanization of the silkworm hemolymph. DNase, RNase, and protease treatment of the heat-treated C. acnes cells did not decrease the silkworm hemolymph melanization. Treatment with peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes, such as lysostaphin and lysozyme, however, decreased the induction of melanization by the heat-treated C. acnes cells. These findings suggest that silkworm hemolymph melanization may be a useful indicator to evaluate innate immune activation by C. acnes and that C. acnes peptidoglycans are involved in the induction of innate immunity in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eri Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
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Mayslich C, Grange PA, Castela M, Marcelin AG, Calvez V, Dupin N. Characterization of a Cutibacterium acnes Camp Factor 1-Related Peptide as a New TLR-2 Modulator in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095065. [PMID: 35563458 PMCID: PMC9104286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) has been implicated in inflammatory acne where highly mutated Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen factor (CAMP)1 displays strong toll like receptor (TLR)-2 binding activity. Using specific antibodies, we showed that CAMP1 production was independent of C. acnes phylotype and involved in the induction of inflammation. We confirmed that TLR-2 bound both mutated and non-mutated recombinant CAMP1, and peptide array analysis showed that seven peptides (A14, A15, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C3) were involved in TLR-2 binding, located on the same side of the three-dimensional structure of CAMP1. Both mutated and non-mutated recombinant CAMP1 proteins induced the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand interleukin (CXCL)8/(IL)-8 in vitro in keratinocytes and that of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in ex vivo human skin explants. Only A14, B1 and B2 inhibited the production of CXCL8/IL-8 by keratinocytes and that of (GM-CSF), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 in human skin explants stimulated with rCAMP1 and C. acnes. Following pretreatment with B2, RNA sequencing on skin explants identified the 10 genes displaying the strongest differential expression as IL6, TNF, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, IL-1β, chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL4 and colony stimulating factor (CSF)2. We, thus, identified a new CAMP1-derived peptide as a TLR-2 modulator likely to be a good candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mayslich
- Département DRC, Développement, Reproduction et Cancer, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Philippe Alain Grange
- Département DRC, Développement, Reproduction et Cancer, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.); (M.C.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.centre, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, U1016, Equipe Biologie Cutanée—CNR IST bactériennes—Syphilis 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Castela
- Département DRC, Développement, Reproduction et Cancer, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Anne Geneviève Marcelin
- National Reference Centre for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, Team 3 THERAVIR, and AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière—Charles Foix University Hospital, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Calvez
- National Reference Centre for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, Team 3 THERAVIR, and AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière—Charles Foix University Hospital, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (A.G.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- Département DRC, Développement, Reproduction et Cancer, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.); (M.C.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie et CeGIDD, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.centre, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, U1016, Equipe Biologie Cutanée—CNR IST bactériennes—Syphilis 24, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-158-411-849; Fax: +33-158-411-55
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Gu H, An HJ, Gwon MG, Bae S, Leem J, Lee SJ, Han SM, Zouboulis CC, Park KK. Bee Venom and Its Major Component Melittin Attenuated Cutibacterium acnes- and IGF-1-Induced Acne Vulgaris via Inactivation of Akt/mTOR/SREBP Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063152. [PMID: 35328573 PMCID: PMC8953527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex, involving increased sebum production and perifollicular inflammation. Understanding the factors that regulate sebum production is important in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of acne. Bee Venom (BV) and melittin have multiple effects including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types. However, the anti-lipogenic mechanisms of BV and melittin have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of BV and melittin in models of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced lipogenic skin disease. C. acnes or IGF-1 increased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), transcription factors that regulate numerous genes involved in lipid biosynthesis through the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/SREBP signaling pathway. In this study using a C. acnes or IGF-1 stimulated lipogenic disease model, BV and melittin inhibited the increased expression of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factor through the blockade of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP signaling pathway. This study suggests for the first time that BV and melittin could be developed as potential natural anti-acne agents with anti-lipogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-C. acnes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea;
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 54875, Korea;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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Habib BA, Abdeltawab NF, Salah Ad-Din I. D-optimal mixture design for optimization of topical dapsone niosomes: in vitro characterization and in vivo activity against Cutibacterium acnes. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:821-836. [PMID: 35266431 PMCID: PMC8920366 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate the use of D-optimal mixture design (DOMD) for optimization of an enhancer containing Dapsone niosomal formula for acne topical treatment. Mixture components (MixCs) studied were: Span 20, Cholesterol, and Cremophor RH. Different responses were measured. Optimized formula (OF) was selected to minimize particle size and maximize absolute zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Optimized formula gel (OF-gel) was prepared and characterized. OF-gel in vivo skin penetration using confocal laser scanning microscopy and activity against Cutibacterium acnes in acne mouse model were studied. Based on DOMD results analysis, adequate models were derived. Piepel and contour plots were plotted accordingly to explain how alteration in MixCs L-pseudo values affected studied responses and regions for different responses’ values. The OF had suitable predicted responses which were in good correlation with the actually measured ones. The OF-gel showed suitable characterization and in vivo skin penetration up to the dermis layer. In vivo acne mouse-model showed that OF-gel-treated group (OF-gel-T-gp) had significantly better recovery (healing) criteria than untreated (UT-gp) and Aknemycin®-treated (A-T-gp) groups. This was evident in significantly higher reduction of inflammation percent observed in OF-gel-T-gp than both UT-gp and A-T-gp. Better healing in OF-gel-T-gp compared with other groups was also verified by histopathological examination. Moreover, OF-gel-T-gp and A-T-gp bacterial loads were non-significantly different from each other but significantly lower than UT-gp. Thus, DOMD was an adequate statistical tool for optimization of an appropriate enhancer containing Dapsone niosomal formula that proved to be promising for topical treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourtan F Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibtehal Salah Ad-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides for Wound Healing. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Wu J, Guo R, Chai J, Xiong W, Tian M, Lu W, Xu X. The Protective Effects of Cath-MH With Anti-Propionibacterium Acnes and Anti-Inflammation Functions on Acne Vulgaris. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:788358. [PMID: 34955858 PMCID: PMC8696257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common adolescent skin condition which is mainly caused by Propionibacterium acnes overcolonization and subsequent inflammation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Cath-MH, an antimicrobial peptide from the skin of the frog Microhyla heymonsivogt, possesses potential antimicrobial, LPS-binding, and anti-septicemic properties. However, its protective effects and potential mechanisms against acne vulgaris are still unclear. In the present study, its anti-P. acnes effects were measured by two-fold broth dilution method, agglutination assay, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. Its treatment potential for acne vulgaris was further evaluated in mice ear inoculated by P. acnes. In addition, the binding ability between Cath-MH and LTA was measured by the Circular Dichroism and antibacterial assay. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory efficiency of Cath-MH was evaluated in LTA- and LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cath-MH was found to kill P. acnes with a MIC value of about 1.56 μM by membrane disruption mechanism. It also exhibited agglutination activity against P. acnes. Cath-MH was able to bind LTA as well as LPS, inhibit LTA/LPS-stimulated TLR2/4 expression, and subsequently decreased the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells. As expected, Cath-MH alleviated the formation of edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in acne mouse model with concurrent suppression of P. acnes growth and inflammatory cytokines expression in vivo. The potent P. acnes inhibition activity combined with powerful anti-inflammatory effect of Cath-MH indicates its potential as a novel therapeutic option for acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wancheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Surfactin-oleogel with therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris induced by Propionibacterium acnes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:549-562. [PMID: 34939137 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that suppression of Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation was a promising strategy to alleviate acne vulgaris. This study evaluated the alleviating effect of surfactin-oleogel on P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne vulgaris in mice. Epidermis morphology and histopathological examination showed that surfactin-oleogel effectively ameliorated the P. acnes-induced epidermis swelling and erythema. Surfactin-oleogel reduced the epidermis thickness to 48.52% compared to the model control group. The colony of P. acnes in the epidermis was decreased by 1 log CFU/mL after receiving surfactin-oleogel treatment. Furthermore, surfactin-oleogel attenuated oxidative stress in the epidermis by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and nuclear factor kappa-B in the epidermis were reduced after treating with surfactin-oleogel. Moreover, total cholesterol and free fatty acids were decreased, whereas the treatment of surfactin-oleogel increased triglycerides and linoleic acid content. Besides, immunohistochemical assay and real-time PCR analysis indicated that surfactin-oleogel blocked the TLR2-mediated NF-κB signalling pathways in the epidermis. Consequently, our results demonstrated that surfactin-oleogel had antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities to treat P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne vulgaris.Key points• Surfactin-oleogel effectively relieves inflammation and oxidative stress caused by P. acnes.• Surfactin-oleogel effectively reduced the P. acnes colony.• Surfactin-oleogel relieves P. acnes-induced inflammation by inactivated the TLR-mediated NF-κB.
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13
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Shan MY, Meng FQ, Zhou LB, Lu FX, Bie XM, Zhao HZ, Lu ZX. Surfactin inhibits the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:684-693. [PMID: 34607389 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role in acne vulgaris. In the pre-experiment, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited effectively using surfactin; however, the antibacterial mechanism has not been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity and analyse the mechanism of surfactin against P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentration, time-killing kinetics and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the activity of surfactin against P. acnes, which showed that 128 μg ml-1 effectively inhibited growth. Cell wall permeability was evaluated by detecting the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, which increased to 1·83- and 2·32-fold after incubating with 128 and 256 μg ml-1 of surfactin for 10 h, respectively. Propidium iodide fluorescence, leakage of nucleic acid, protein, K+ , and Ca2+ , membrane potential and the leakage of calcein from small unilamellar vesicles all increased after incubation with surfactin, indicating that its strong biological activities act mainly by altering membrane integrity. In a mouse model of acne, surfactin significantly reduced P. acnes-induced epidermal swelling and erythema. These results indicate that surfactin effectively inhibited the growth of P. acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane, and is a potential candidate for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Q Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L B Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X M Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Z Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Chinnappan M, Harris-Tryon TA. Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1484-1495. [PMID: 34252227 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an organ with a dynamic ecosystem that harbours pathogenic and commensal microbes, which constantly communicate amongst each other and with the host immune system. Evolutionarily, skin and its microbiota have evolved to remain in homeostasis. However, frequently this homeostatic relationship is disturbed by a variety of factors such as environmental stress, diet, genetic mutations, and the microbiome itself. Commensal microbes also play a major role in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis. In addition to their ability to limit pathogens, many skin commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes have recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis either by directly modulating the host immune components or by supporting the expansion of other pathogenic microbes. Likewise, opportunistic skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are able to breach the skin and cause disease. Though much has been established about the microbiota's function in skin immunity, we are in a time where newer mechanistic insights rapidly redefine our understanding of the host/microbial interface in the skin. In this review, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between host defense strategies and the skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Felgueiras HP. An Insight into Biomolecules for the Treatment of Skin Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071012. [PMID: 34371704 PMCID: PMC8309093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In assigning priorities, skin infectious diseases are frequently classified as minor when compared to infectious diseases of high mortality rates, such as tuberculosis or HIV. However, skin infections are amongst the most common and prevalent diseases worldwide. Elderly individuals present an increased susceptibility to skin infections, which may develop atypical signs and symptoms or even complicate pre-existing chronic disorders. When the skin fails to correct or inhibit the action of certain pathogenic microorganisms, biomolecules endowed with antimicrobial features are frequently administered topically or systemically to assist or treat such conditions. (1) Antibiotics, (2) antimicrobial peptides, or (3) natural extracts display important features that can actively inhibit the propagation of these pathogens and prevent the evolution of infectious diseases. This review highlights the properties and mechanisms of action of these biomolecules, emphasizing their effects on the most prevalent and difficult to treat skin infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The versatility of biomolecules’ actions, their symbiotic effects with skin cells and other inherent antimicrobial components, and their target-directed signatures are also explored here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena P Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Liu-Walsh F, Tierney NK, Hauschild J, Rush AK, Masucci J, Leo GC, Capone KA. Prebiotic Colloidal Oat Supports the Growth of Cutaneous Commensal Bacteria Including S. epidermidis and Enhances the Production of Lactic Acid. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:73-82. [PMID: 33500646 PMCID: PMC7826061 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s253386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple skin conditions have been associated with alterations in the diversity and composition of the skin microbiome, including dry skin and atopic dermatitis. In these conditions, a number of commensal skin bacteria have been implicated in supporting a healthy skin barrier, including Staphylococcus epidermidis. Recent clinical studies in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis and dry/itchy skin have shown significantly improved skin barrier function and microbial diversity upon treatment with moisturizers containing 1% colloidal oat. We hypothesized that direct use of colloidal oat by skin microbes contributes to these therapeutic benefits. Methods Skin bacterial growth was assessed using the BacT/ALERT system. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis growth rates and metabolism were compared in an in vitro competition assay. The effect of a 1% colloidal oat-containing moisturizer on lactic acid content of the stratum corneum was clinically assessed in subjects with moderate-to-severe dry skin. S. epidermidis gene expression was evaluated by next-generation mRNA sequencing. Short-chain fatty acids were quantified in bacterial culture supernatants. Results In vitro, colloidal oat increased the growth rate of S. epidermidis vs S. aureus, as well as the metabolism of S. epidermidis. Colloidal oat also significantly increased lactic acid concentrations in supernatants of both strains and decreased pH, consistent with clinical findings that 6-week use of a 1% colloidal oat-containing lotion significantly increased lactic acid on dry skin. Further analyses suggest that colloidal oat alters the gene expression profile of S. epidermidis. Conclusion Colloidal oat directly affects the growth, metabolism, lactic acid production, and gene expression of skin commensal bacteria, as shown via in vitro studies. The increased production of lactic acid reflects clinical observations with colloidal oat-containing skin moisturizers. Our findings suggest a new mechanism for colloidal oat as a skin prebiotic, which may contribute to improvements in skin and microbiome diversity in various skin conditions, including dry/itchy skin and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Hauschild
- Johnson & Johnson Microbiological Quality & Sterility Assurance, Johnson & Johnson Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | - John Masucci
- Janssen R&D Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | - Gregory C Leo
- Janssen R&D Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, PA, USA
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17
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Aslan Kayiran M, Karadag AS, Al-Khuzaei S, Chen W, Parish LC. Antibiotic Resistance in Acne: Mechanisms, Complications and Management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:813-819. [PMID: 32889707 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in acne was first observed in the 1970s, and since the 1980s has become a major concern in dermatologic daily practice. The mechanisms for this type of resistance include biofilm formation that promotes virulence and the transmission of resistant bacterial strains. Genetic mutations with modification of ribosomal RNA, alteration in efflux pumps, and enzymatic inactivation are able to create resistance to tetracyclines and macrolides. The state of art in acne treatment is no longer to use antimicrobials as monotherapy. There should be a time limit for its use plus the employment of non-antibiotic maintenance. Earlier initiation of oral isotretinoin therapy should be considered in patients with insufficient response to antimicrobials, severe acne, or a history of repeated antimicrobial use. A better understanding of acne pathogenesis, the subtypes of Propionibacterium (also known as Cutibacterium) acnes, homeostasis of the skin microbiota, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance would be useful in the selection of narrow-spectrum or species-specific antimicrobials, as well as the non-antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory treatment of acne. A number of novel treatments awaiting clinical proof may include the use of bacteriophages, natural or synthetic antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, and biofilm-targeting agents, as well as the reassessment of phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Aslan Kayiran
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safaa Al-Khuzaei
- Department of Dermatology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - WenChieh Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Lawrence Charles Parish
- Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Center for International Dermatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Yim MJ, Lee JM, Kim HS, Choi G, Kim YM, Lee DS, Choi IW. Inhibitory Effects of a Sargassum miyabei Yendo on Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Skin Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2620. [PMID: 32867396 PMCID: PMC7551756 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition of skin sebaceous follicles. To explore its effects on acne vulgaris, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum miyabei Yendo (a brown alga) ethanolic extract (SMYEE) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-stimulated inflammatory responses, both in vivo and in vitro. To induce inflammation in vivo, C. acnes was intradermally injected into the dorsal skin of mice, to which SMYEE was applied. The antimicrobial activity of SMYEE was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). To explore in vitro anti-inflammatory effects, HaCaT cells were stimulated with C. acnes after treatment with SMYEE. The levels of IL-8 and the underlying molecular effects in C. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Mouse skin lesions improved after treatment with SMYEE (50 μg/mouse). Neutrophil infiltration was significantly reduced in SMYEE-treated compared to SMYEE-untreated skin lesions. SMYEE reversed the C. acnes-induced increase in IL-8 levels in HaCaT cells and suppressed dHL-60 cell migration. SMYEE also inhibited C. acnes-induced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and inhibited activator protein-1 signaling. SMYEE may be a useful treatment for C. acnes-induced acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Yim
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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19
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Wu Y, Zhang G, Zhou M. Inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of two antimicrobial peptides moronecidin and temporin-1Dra against Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3255. [PMID: 32567152 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of acne. Antimicrobial peptides with low-drug resistance and nonresidual are potential anti-acne agents. In this study, two antimicrobial peptides named temporin-1Dra and moronecidin were synthesized and tested their antimicrobial activity against P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. These two peptides inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and P. acnes. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of temporin-1Dra and moronecidin to P. acnes were 30 and 10 μM, respectively. Both peptides exhibited strong resistance to heat and pH, but no obvious cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. They also displayed persistent antimicrobial activities in the microbial challenge test. In the P. acnes-induced inflammation mouse model, moronecidin significantly decreased the ear swelling thickness in a concentration-dependent manner. At the 14th day after injection, 20 μg/day moronecidin reduced the ear swelling thickness to 46.15 ± 5.23% compared with the normal cream group. Tissue staining showed that moronecidin effectively reduced abscess and thickness of the dermis layer. Our results indicate that the antimicrobial peptide moronecidin could be developed as a potential natural anti-acne agent in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Structural Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial peptide BLP-7 against Propionibacterium acnes and its anti-inflammatory effect on acne vulgaris. Toxicon 2020; 184:109-115. [PMID: 32540219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, which is involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. An antimicrobial peptide named bombinin-like peptide 7 (BLP-7), which was determined from Bombina orientalis, has been shown to possess certain antibacterial activity. This study was carried out with synthesized BLP-7 on the basis of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BLP-7 against P. acnes is 5 μM. And BLP-7 exhibits strong resistance to heat, pH and salt concentration, but no significant cytotoxicity to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Using the co-culture of P. acnes and NHEKs, this study demonstrated that BLP-7 significantly reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as the expression of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines at the transcriptional level. In a separate study, using the rat ear edema model, BLP-7 significantly suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation, reducing the ear thickness by 54.21% of the negative control group. These results suggest that due to its anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory activities, BLP-7 could be used as a potential anti-acne agent.
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21
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Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using Buddleja davidii Aqueous Extract. Int J Inflam 2020; 2020:8063289. [PMID: 32373312 PMCID: PMC7191358 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8063289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder; although some anti-inflammatory medicines for treating acne are available in a market, they have considerable side effects; therefore, new treatment options are needed. In the present study, among the 16 aqueous extracts of plants collected from Jeju Island in Korea which are used to test anti-inflammatory activity, B. davidii showed the strong decline of the proinflammatory cytokine expression against the inflammatory process caused by C. acnes in Human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. B. davidii downregulated the expression of 57% of COX-2, 41% of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines 29% of TNF-α, 32% of IL-1β, 21% of IL-6, and 35% of IL-8. Furthermore, B. davidii inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in keratinocytes that activated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in response to C. acnes. Given those results, B. davidii is a potential agent to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine expression against C. acnes-induced inflammation and might provide an alternative to the current medications.
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22
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Cardioprotective effects of dapsone against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:563-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-04019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Shamma RN, Salah Ad-din I, Abdeltawab NF. Dapsone- gel as a novel platform for acne treatment: In vitro evaluation and In vivo performance and histopathological studies in acne infected mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Kanwar IL, Haider T, Kumari A, Dubey S, Jain P, Soni V. Models for acne: A comprehensive study. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 12:329-340. [PMID: 30674767 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2018.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is the familiar chronic skin ailment affecting most of the individuals. This multifarious, disease involves the bacterium gram-positive, anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) which resides on skin microflora, and participated in acne inflammation and acne lesions. The object of this review is to discuss presently available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models to evaluate the cosmetic formulations that are developed for dealing and prevention of acne formation. These various available models offer new chances for further research on biologically active materials, drugs & pharmaceutical as well as cosmetics for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Lata Kanwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
| | - Anju Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
| | - Sandeep Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University
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25
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Kwon JY, Kim MK, Mereuta L, Seo CH, Luchian T, Park Y. Mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptide P5 truncations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. AMB Express 2019; 9:122. [PMID: 31363941 PMCID: PMC6667604 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of microbial drug resistance are increasing worldwide; therefore, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising alternative therapeutic agents to antibiotics. AMPs are essential components of the innate immune system and exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. P5 is a Cecropin A-Magainin 2 hybrid analog peptide with antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, truncated peptides were designed to reduction length, retainment their antimicrobial activity and low toxicity at high concentrations compared with that of the parent peptide P5. The truncated peptides P5-CT1 and P5-NT1 exhibited antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, P5-CT2, P5-CT3, P5-NT2, and P5-NT3 showed higher antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria at low concentration of peptides. The truncated peptides showed lower hemolytic activity and toxic effects against mammalian cells compared with those of the parent peptide P5. The levels of several truncated peptides were maintained in the presence of physiological concentrations of salts, indicating their high stability. The results of flow cytometry, propidium iodide uptake, n-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake, and 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide assays showed that these truncated peptides killed microbial cells by increasing membrane permeability, thereby causing membrane damage. The results suggested that truncated peptides of P5 have good potential for use as novel antimicrobial agents.
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Yang G, Wang J, Lu S, Chen Z, Fan S, Chen D, Xue H, Shi W, He J. Short lipopeptides specifically inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with a dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2321-2335. [PMID: 30927447 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram-positive bacterium associated with the skin disorder acne. In this study, as fatty acids are considered to be important in the life habitat of P. acnes, we tested our lipopeptide library in an attempt to create potent P. acnes-specific antimicrobial agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antimicrobial activity of various lipopeptides was determined by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Lipids from P. acnes were used to explore their mode of action. RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and P. acnes respectively were used to measure their anti-inflammatory activity. Mice ears injected with P. acnes were used to assess the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of the peptides tested in vivo. KEY RESULTS The most potent candidate, C16-KWKW, was observed to be more active against P. acnes than against other non-targeted bacterial strains, such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The mode of action of C16-KWKW was observed to be through interference with the integrity of the bacterial membrane, thereby impairing membrane permeability and causing leakage of inner contents of bacterial cells. Furthermore, C16-KWKW inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and inducible NOS stimulated by both LPS and P. acnes, thus showing potential anti-inflammatory activity, which was further verified in the in vivo animal studies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS C16-KWKW is a lipopeptide displaying both anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and shows potential as a treatment for acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daiwei Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanxin Xue
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Yang G, Wang J, Lu S, Chen Z, Fan S, Chen D, Xue H, Shi W, He J. Short lipopeptides specifically inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1603-1618. [PMID: 30644534 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a Gram-positive bacterium associated with the skin disorder acne. In this study, we determined the importance of fatty acids in the life habitat of P. acnes; we tested our lipopeptide library in an attempt to create potent P. acnes-specific antimicrobial agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Lipids from P. acnes were used to explore the mode of action. RAW264.7 cells respectively stimulated with LPS and P. acnes were used to measure the anti-inflammatory activity. Mice ears injected with P. acnes were used to assess the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of the peptides tested in vivo. KEY RESULTS The most potent candidate, C16-KWKW, was observed to be more active against P. acnes, with an MIC of 2 μg·ml-1 , than against other non-targeted bacterial strains, such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The mode of action of C16-KWKW was observed to be through interference with the integrity of bacterial membrane, thereby impairing membrane permeability and causing leakage of the inner contents of bacterial cells. In addition, C16-KWKW inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and inducible NOS, stimulated by both LPS and P. acnes, thus showing potential anti-inflammatory activity, which was further assessed in animal studies in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS C16-KWKW is a lipopeptide displaying both anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and exhibits potential as a treatment for acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daiwei Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Xue
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Jin S, Lee MY. Kaempferia parviflora Extract as a Potential Anti-Acne Agent with Anti-Inflammatory, Sebostatic and Anti- Propionibacterium acnes Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113457. [PMID: 30400322 PMCID: PMC6274695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferia parviflora, referred to as black ginger, has traditionally been used as a health-promoting alternative medicine. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory, sebostatic, and anti-Propionibacterium acnes activities of K. parviflora extract. The extract significantly down-regulated the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level. Moreover, the phosphorylation of IĸBα and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and the enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) cells were markedly decreased by the extract. Notably, the main component of K. parviflora, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, also modulated the expression of iNOS and NF-κB signal molecules in P. acnes-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Additionally, K. parviflora extract inhibited the lipogenesis of sebocytes, as evidenced by a reduced level of triglyceride and lipid accumulation in the sebocytes. The sebostatic effect was also confirmed by a reduced expression of peroxisome proliferation-activating receptors (PPAR-γ) and oil-red O staining in sebocytes. Taken together, this study suggests for the first time that K. parviflora extract could be developed as a potential natural anti-acne agent with anti-inflammatory, sebostatic, and anti-P. acnes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solee Jin
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, 22 SoonChunHyang-ro, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, 22 SoonChunHyang-ro, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science, SoonChunHyang University, 22 SoonChunHyang-ro, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea.
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29
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Pfalzgraff A, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential for Bacterial Skin Infections and Wounds. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:281. [PMID: 29643807 PMCID: PMC5882822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alarming data about increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics are reported, while at the same time the development of new antibiotics is stagnating. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are mainly caused by the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) which belong to the most recalcitrant bacteria and are resistant to almost all common antibiotics. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are the most frequent pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and increasing resistance to topical antibiotics has become a major issue. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed. In recent years, research focused on the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with lower toxicity and improved activity compared to their endogenous counterparts. AMPs appear to be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of SSTIs and wounds as they show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, low resistance rates and display pivotal immunomodulatory as well as wound healing promoting activities such as induction of cell migration and proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the potential of AMPs for the treatment of bacterial SSTIs and wounds and provide an overview of the mechanisms of actions of AMPs that contribute to combat skin infections and to improve wound healing. Bacteria growing in biofilms are more resistant to conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts due to limited biofilm penetration and distinct metabolic and physiological functions, and often result in chronification of infections and wounds. Thus, we further discuss the feasibility of AMPs as anti-biofilm agents. Finally, we highlight perspectives for future therapies and which issues remain to bring AMPs successfully to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pfalzgraff
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Günther Weindl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Han R, Blencke HM, Cheng H, Li C. The antimicrobial effect of CEN1HC-Br against Propionibacterium acnes and its therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects on acne vulgaris. Peptides 2018; 99:36-43. [PMID: 29108811 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium, which is involved in acne inflammation. An antimicrobial peptide named CEN1HC-Br, which was isolated and characterized form the green sea urchin, has been shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Little is known concerning the potential effects of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties against P. acnes. To examine the potency of CEN1HC-Br in acne treatment, we conducted experiments to analyze the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of CEN1HC-Br both in vitro and in vivo. The antimicrobial activity of CEN1HC-Br was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays using the broth dilution method. To elucidate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect, HaCaT cells and human monocytes were treated with different concentration of CEN1HC-Br after stimulation by P. acnes. The expression of TLR2 and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, respectively, were measured by enzyme immunoassays. An evaluation of P. acnes-induced ear edema in rat ear was conducted to compare the in vivo antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of CEN1HC-Br, the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time-PCR. CEN1HC-Br showed stronger antimicrobial activity against P. acnes than clindamycin. CEN1HC-Br significantly reduced the expression of interleukin IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and TLR2 in monocytes, but they were not influenced by clindamycin. Both CEN1HC-Br and Clindamycin attenuated P. acnes-induced ear swelling in rat along with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TLR2. Our data demonstrates that CEN1HC-Br is bactericidal against P. acnes and that it has an anti-inflammatory effect on monocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect may partially occur through TLR2 down-regulation, triggering an innate immune response and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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31
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Han HM, Ko S, Cheong MJ, Bang JK, Seo CH, Luchian T, Park Y. Myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 suppress inflammatory responses through STAT3 and MAPKs to promote wound healing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87582-87597. [PMID: 29152103 PMCID: PMC5675655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds are continuously exposed to bacteria and can easily become infected. Infected wounds require antibiotic treatment, and infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are an important public health problem. Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, induce little or no drug resistance and may be suitable for treating skin infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. We previously reported the design and function of myxinidin and myxinidin analogues. Here we showed that myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 exhibit antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in high salt environments and in gelatin. Moreover, these peptides facilitated infected wound healing by decreasing inflammation through suppression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and regulation of downstream mediators such as STAT3, p38, JNK, and EGFR. In a mouse skin wound model infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, myxinidin2 and myxinidin3 eliminated the infection and enhanced wound healing. We therefore propose the use of these peptides for treating infected wounds and burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Mi Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sujin Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Cheong
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea
| | - Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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32
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Li LH, Ju TC, Hsieh CY, Dong WC, Chen WT, Hua KF, Chen WJ. A synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide inhibits inflammatory response and the NLRP3 inflammasome by neutralizing LPS and ATP. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182057. [PMID: 28750089 PMCID: PMC5531531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most important defense mechanisms against bacterial infections in insects, plants, non-mammalian vertebrates, and mammals. In the present study, a class of synthetic AMPs was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. One cationic AMP, GW-A2, demonstrated the ability to inhibit the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. GW-A2 reduced LPS-induced increases in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C-α/δ and the activation of NF-κB. GW-A2 also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS and ATP. Furthermore, in the mice injected with LPS, GW-A2 reduced (1) the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum; (2) the concentration of TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage; (3) the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and NLRP3 in the liver and lung; (4) the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the liver and lung. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory activity of GW-A2 were found to be partially due to LPS and ATP neutralization. These results provide insights into how GW-A2 inhibits inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome and provide a foundation for the design of rational therapeutics for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lisen, Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Chuen Ju
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Dong
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Tze Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (WJC)
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (WJC)
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Tsai TH, Huang WC, Lien TJ, Huang YH, Chang H, Yu CH, Tsai PJ. Clove extract and eugenol suppress inflammatory responses elicited by Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1320357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Lien
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Eom SH, Lee EH, Park K, Kwon JY, Kim PH, Jung WK, Kim YM. Eckol fromEisenia bicyclisInhibits Inflammation Through the Akt/NF-κB Signaling inPropionibacterium acnes-Induced Human Keratinocyte Hacat Cells. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Eom
- Korea Food Research Institute; Sungnam 13539 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Pukyong National University; Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Kunbawui Park
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division; National Institute of Fisheries Science; Busan 46083 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kwon
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division; National Institute of Fisheries Science; Busan 46083 Republic of Korea
| | - Poong-Ho Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division; National Institute of Fisheries Science; Busan 46083 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Pukyong National University; Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University; Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Pukyong National University; Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University; Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
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