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Mette C. Time Perception in Adult ADHD: Findings from a Decade-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3098. [PMID: 36833791 PMCID: PMC9962130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time perception is impaired in adult ADHD. Since the term time perception subsumes different constructs, including time estimation, time reproduction, time production, and duration discrimination, it remains open whether certain domains are more affected than other domains in adult ADHD. The aim of this explorative review is to present the current state of research on time perception in adult ADHD by analysing studies from the past 10 years. A review of the literature addressing adult ADHD time perception, time estimation, and time reproduction was performed. The search strategy was conducted by using the databases "PubMed", "Medline", and "PSYNDEX". The results of the present review indicate that the number of studies on time perception in adult ADHD is very scarce. Moreover, the main investigated domains of time perception in the past decade were time estimation, time reproduction and time management. Whereas some of the found studies were able to demonstrate a distinct deficit in time estimation, time reproduction and time management other studies were unable to demonstrate a clear association between ADHD and time estimation and time reproduction deficits. However, the diagnostic protocols, study design, and methodology varied between studies. Further studies on time estimation and time reproduction need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mette
- Department of Psychology, Immanuel-Kant-Str. 18-20, Protestant University of Applied Sciences, 44809 Bochum, Germany
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Acosta-López JE, Suárez I, Pineda DA, Cervantes-Henríquez ML, Martínez-Banfi ML, Lozano-Gutiérrez SG, Ahmad M, Pineda-Alhucema W, Noguera-Machacón LM, Hoz MDL, Mejía-Segura E, Jiménez-Figueroa G, Sánchez-Rojas M, Mastronardi CA, Arcos-Burgos M, Vélez JI, Puentes-Rozo PJ. Impulsive and Omission Errors: Potential Temporal Processing Endophenotypes in ADHD. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1218. [PMID: 34573239 PMCID: PMC8467181 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal processing (TP) is associated with functions such as perception, verbal skills, temporal perspective, and future planning, and is intercorrelated with working memory, attention, and inhibitory control, which are highly impaired in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we evaluate TP measures as potential endophenotypes in Caribbean families ascertained from probands affected by ADHD. A total of 232 individuals were recruited and clinically evaluated using an extensive battery of neuropsychological tasks and reaction time (RT)-based task paradigms. Further, the heritability (genetic variance underpinning phenotype) was estimated as a measure of the genetics apportionment. A predictive framework for ADHD diagnosis was derived using these tasks. We found that individuals with ADHD differed from controls in neuropsychological tasks assessing mental control, visual-verbal memory, verbal fluency, verbal, and semantic fluency. In addition, TP measures such as RT, errors, and variability were also affected in individuals with ADHD. Moreover, we determined that only omission and commission errors had significant heritability. In conclusion, we have disentangled omission and commission errors as possible TP endophenotypes in ADHD, which can be suitable to assess the neurobiological and genetic basis of ADHD. A predictive model using these endophenotypes led to remarkable sensitivity, specificity, precision and classification rate for ADHD diagnosis, and may be a useful tool for patients' diagnosis, follow-up, and longitudinal assessment in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan E. Acosta-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Isabel Suárez
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - David A. Pineda
- Neuropsychology and Conduct Research Group, University of San Buenaventura, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Martha L. Cervantes-Henríquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Martha L. Martínez-Banfi
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Semiramis G. Lozano-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Mostapha Ahmad
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Luz M. Noguera-Machacón
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Moisés De La Hoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Elsy Mejía-Segura
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Giomar Jiménez-Figueroa
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
| | | | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | | | - Pedro J. Puentes-Rozo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (M.L.C.-H.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.G.L.-G.); (M.A.); (W.P.-A.); (L.M.N.-M.); (M.D.L.H.); (E.M.-S.); (G.J.-F.); (M.S.-R.); (P.J.P.-R.)
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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Taş Dölek G, Tugba Ozel-Kizil E, Bastug G, Baran Z, Colak B. Impaired auditory and visual time reproduction in adult patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:176-186. [PMID: 33779502 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1898549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Although impaired time perception is associated with significant disturbance in the everyday functioning of adult patients with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), it is not very well studied. The present study aimed to evaluate both visual and auditory time reproduction (TR) by using eight time intervals in adult ADHD patients compared to healthy controls (HC).Method: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-R (WAIS-R), Adult Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), Hyperfocusing Scale (HS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a 2-back task were administered to participants. In TR tasks, participants reproduced the same duration of the auditory/visual stimulus by pressing a key and absolute discrepancy scores (ADS) were calculated. A 2 (Group) x 2 (Task Modality) x 8 (Time Interval: 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 12000 and 16000 msec) mixed-design ANOVA was performed.Results: All clinical scores of ADHD group were higher than HC (p < .001) while WAIS-R and 2-back performances of the groups were similar. Mixed-design ANOVA yielded significant Group and Time Interval main effects as well as a Group X Time Interval effect (both p < .001). ADHD patients had larger ADS than HC and as time intervals increased, error levels increased. Errors for time intervals >8000 msec were more prominent in patients. For both TR tasks, ASRS-hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were the main predictor of ADS in the linear regression analysis, while ASRS-attention deficit and HS scores were excluded.Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate significant TR impairment in adult ADHD regardless of task modality (visual or auditory), depressive symptoms and working memory performances. Longer time intervals in TR tasks differentiated patients better and TR impairment was associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings should be replicated in larger samples and underlying neurobiological components of impaired TR need to be examined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Taş Dölek
- School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gulbahar Bastug
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Baran
- Department of Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Colak
- School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Onandia-Hinchado I, Pardo-Palenzuela N, Diaz-Orueta U. Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:893-937. [PMID: 33620582 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reportedly the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed during childhood, and it is recognized as a common condition in adulthood. We review the evidence to help identify cognitive domains associated to deficits in adult ADHD. A systematic review with narrative synthesis was performed, assessing studies on adult ADHD, neuropsychology and research on involved cognitive domains in adults 18+ years old with an established diagnosis of ADHD, in seven electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, WebOfScience, Embase, Scopus, OvidSPMedline, and Teseo), and Worldcat and OpenGrey grey literature databases. 93 studies were included for this review, encompassing findings from a total 5574 adults diagnosed only with ADHD, medication-naïve or non-medicated at the moment of the assessment and 4880 healthy controls. Adults diagnosed with ADHD may show, when compared to healthy controls, a cognitive profile characterized by deficits across all attention modalities, processing speed, executive function (mainly working memory and inhibition with emphasis on reward delay and interference control), verbal memory, reading skills, social cognition and arithmetic abilities. A cognitive characterization of adult ADHD by domains is established beyond the sole consideration of attention and executive function problems. Along with these, verbal memory, language (mainly reading), social cognition and arithmetic abilities may also contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of the cognitive profile in adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Unai Diaz-Orueta
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Room 3.11, John Hume Building, North Campus, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Fuermaier ABM, Fricke JA, de Vries SM, Tucha L, Tucha O. Neuropsychological assessment of adults with ADHD: A Delphi consensus study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2018; 26:340-354. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1429441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anselm B. M. Fuermaier
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Fricke
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie M. de Vries
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pironti VA, Lai MC, Morein-Zamir S, Müller U, Bullmore ET, Sahakian BJ. Temporal reproduction and its neuroanatomical correlates in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2561-2569. [PMID: 27345441 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about time perception, its putative role as cognitive endophenotype, and its neuroanatomical underpinnings in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Twenty adults with ADHD, 20 unaffected first-degree relatives and 20 typically developing controls matched for age and gender undertook structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry with DARTEL was performed to obtain regional grey-matter volumes. Temporal processing was investigated as a putative cognitive endophenotype using a temporal reproduction paradigm. General linear modelling was employed to examine the relationship between temporal reproduction performances and grey-matter volumes. RESULTS ADHD participants were impaired in temporal reproduction and unaffected first-degree relatives performed in between their ADHD probands and typically developing controls. Increased grey-matter volume in the cerebellum was associated with poorer temporal reproduction performance. CONCLUSIONS Adults with ADHD are impaired in time reproduction. Performances of the unaffected first-degree relatives are in between ADHD relatives and controls, suggesting that time reproduction might be a cognitive endophenotype for adult ADHD. The cerebellum is involved in time reproduction and might play a role in driving time performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Pironti
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Herschel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences,Cambridge Biomedical Campus,Cambridge,UK
| | - M-C Lai
- Department of Psychiatry,National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - S Morein-Zamir
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Herschel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences,Cambridge Biomedical Campus,Cambridge,UK
| | - U Müller
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Herschel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences,Cambridge Biomedical Campus,Cambridge,UK
| | - E T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Herschel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences,Cambridge Biomedical Campus,Cambridge,UK
| | - B J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Herschel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences,Cambridge Biomedical Campus,Cambridge,UK
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