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Koehler S, Huber TB. Insights into human kidney function from the study of Drosophila. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3875-3887. [PMID: 37171583 PMCID: PMC10584755 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological and biomedical research using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has gained recognition through several Nobel prizes within the last 100 years. Drosophila exhibits several advantages when compared to other in vivo models such as mice and rats, as its life cycle is very short, animal maintenance is easy and inexpensive and a huge variety of transgenic strains and tools are publicly available. Moreover, more than 70% of human disease-causing genes are highly conserved in the fruit fly. Here, we explain the use of Drosophila in nephrology research and describe two kidney tissues, Malpighian tubules and the nephrocytes. The latter are the homologous cells to mammalian glomerular podocytes and helped to provide insights into a variety of signaling pathways due to the high morphological similarities and the conserved molecular make-up between nephrocytes and podocytes. In recent years, nephrocytes have also been used to study inter-organ communication as links between nephrocytes and the heart, the immune system and the muscles have been described. In addition, other tissues such as the eye and the reproductive system can be used to study the functional role of proteins being part of the kidney filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Sivakumar S, Miellet S, Clarke C, Hartley PS. Insect nephrocyte function is regulated by a store operated calcium entry mechanism controlling endocytosis and Amnionless turnover. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 143:104453. [PMID: 36341969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect nephrocytes are ultrafiltration cells that remove circulating proteins and exogenous toxins from the haemolymph. Experimental disruption of nephrocyte development or function leads to systemic impairment of insect physiology as evidenced by cardiomyopathy, chronic activation of immune signalling and shortening of lifespan. The genetic and structural basis of the nephrocyte's ultrafiltration mechanism is conserved between arthropods and mammals, making them an attractive model for studying human renal function and systemic clearance mechanisms in general. Although dynamic changes to intracellular calcium are fundamental to the function of many cell types, there are currently no studies of intracellular calcium signalling in nephrocytes. In this work we aimed to characterise calcium signalling in the pericardial nephrocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. To achieve this, a genetically encoded calcium reporter (GCaMP6) was expressed in nephrocytes to monitor intracellular calcium both in vivo within larvae and in vitro within dissected adults. Larval nephrocytes exhibited stochastically timed calcium waves. A calcium signal could be initiated in preparations of adult nephrocytes and abolished by EGTA, or the store operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker 2-APB, as well as RNAi mediated knockdown of the SOCE genes Stim and Orai. Neither the presence of calcium-free buffer nor EGTA affected the binding of the endocytic cargo albumin to nephrocytes but they did impair the subsequent accumulation of albumin within nephrocytes. Pre-treatment with EGTA, calcium-free buffer or 2-APB led to significantly reduced albumin binding. Knock-down of Stim and Orai was non-lethal, caused an increase to nephrocyte size and reduced albumin binding, reduced the abundance of the endocytic cargo receptor Amnionless and disrupted the localisation of Dumbfounded at the filtration slit diaphragm. These data indicate that pericardial nephrocytes exhibit stochastically timed calcium waves in vivo and that SOCE mediates the localisation of the endocytic co-receptor Amnionless. Identifying the signals both up and downstream of SOCE may highlight mechanisms relevant to the renal and excretory functions of a broad range of species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sivakumar
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Sara Miellet
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Paul S Hartley
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK.
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3
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Bierzynska A, Bull K, Miellet S, Dean P, Neal C, Colby E, McCarthy HJ, Hegde S, Sinha MD, Bugarin Diz C, Stirrups K, Megy K, Mapeta R, Penkett C, Marsh S, Forrester N, Afzal M, Stark H, BioResource NIHR, Williams M, Welsh GI, Koziell AB, Hartley PS, Saleem MA. Exploring the relevance of NUP93 variants in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome using next generation sequencing and a fly kidney model. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2643-2656. [PMID: 35211795 PMCID: PMC9489583 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in genes encoding nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins are a newly identified cause of paediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Recent reports describing NUP93 variants suggest these could be a significant cause of paediatric onset SRNS. We report NUP93 cases in the UK and demonstrate in vivo functional effects of Nup93 depletion in a fly (Drosophila melanogaster) nephrocyte model. METHODS Three hundred thirty-seven paediatric SRNS patients from the National cohort of patients with Nephrotic Syndrome (NephroS) were whole exome and/or whole genome sequenced. Patients were screened for over 70 genes known to be associated with Nephrotic Syndrome (NS). D. melanogaster Nup93 knockdown was achieved by RNA interference using nephrocyte-restricted drivers. RESULTS Six novel homozygous and compound heterozygous NUP93 variants were detected in 3 sporadic and 2 familial paediatric onset SRNS characterised histologically by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and progressing to kidney failure by 12 months from clinical diagnosis. Silencing of the two orthologs of human NUP93 expressed in D. melanogaster, Nup93-1, and Nup93-2 resulted in significant signal reduction of up to 82% in adult pericardial nephrocytes with concomitant disruption of NPC protein expression. Additionally, nephrocyte morphology was highly abnormal in Nup93-1 and Nup93-2 silenced flies surviving to adulthood. CONCLUSION We expand the spectrum of NUP93 variants detected in paediatric onset SRNS and demonstrate its incidence within a national cohort. Silencing of either D. melanogaster Nup93 ortholog caused a severe nephrocyte phenotype, signaling an important role for the nucleoporin complex in podocyte biology. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
| | - Katherine Bull
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Miellet
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB England, UK
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Molecular Horizons and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Philip Dean
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol National Health Service Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Neal
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
| | - Elizabeth Colby
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
| | - Hugh J. McCarthy
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney and Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Shivaram Hegde
- Children’s Kidney Centre, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Manish D. Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St, Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carmen Bugarin Diz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Karyn Megy
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rutendo Mapeta
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Chris Penkett
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Sarah Marsh
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol National Health Service Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Forrester
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Molecular Horizons and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Maryam Afzal
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
| | - Hannah Stark
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - NIHR BioResource
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol National Health Service Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
| | - Ania B. Koziell
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St, Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Paul S. Hartley
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB England, UK
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Bristol Renal and Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY UK
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Meyer C, Breitsprecher L, Bataille L, Vincent AJM, Drechsler M, Meyer H, Paululat A. Formation and function of a highly specialised type of organelle in cardiac valve cells. Development 2022; 149:276991. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Within a cell, vesicles play a crucial role in the transport of membrane material and proteins to a given target membrane, and thus regulate a variety of cellular functions. Vesicular transport occurs by means of, among others, endocytosis, where cargoes are taken up by the cell and are processed further upon vesicular trafficking, i.e. transported back to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes or the degraded by fusion of the vesicles with lysosomes. During evolution, a variety of vesicles with individual functions arose, with some of them building up highly specialised subcellular compartments. In this study, we have analysed the biosynthesis of a new vesicular compartment present in the valve cells of Drosophila melanogaster. We show that the compartment is formed by invaginations of the plasma membrane and grows via re-routing of the recycling endosomal pathway. This is achieved by inactivation of other membrane-consuming pathways and a plasma membrane-like molecular signature of the compartment in these highly specialised heart cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meyer
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Leonhard Breitsprecher
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Laetitia Bataille
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) 3 , Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Alain J. M. Vincent
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) 3 , Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Maik Drechsler
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- University of Osnabrück 1 , Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), integrated Bioimaging Facility (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück 2 , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
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5
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Huang Y, Li L, Rong YS. JiangShi(僵尸): a widely distributed Mucin-like protein essential for Drosophila development. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6589892. [PMID: 35595239 PMCID: PMC9339309 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia exposed to elements of the environment are protected by a mucus barrier in mammals. This barrier also serves to lubricate during organ movements and to mediate substance exchanges between the environmental milieu and internal organs. A major component of the mucus barrier is a class of glycosylated proteins called Mucin. Mucin and mucin-related proteins are widely present in the animal kingdom. Mucin mis-regulation has been reported in many diseases such as cancers and ones involving the digestive and respiratory tracts. Although the biophysical properties of isolated Mucins have been extensively studied, in vivo models remain scarce for the study of their functions and regulations. Here, we characterize the Mucin-like JiangShi protein and its mutations in the fruit fly Drosophila. JiangShi is an extracellular glycoprotein with domain features reminiscent of mammalian nonmembranous Mucins, and one of the most widely distributed Mucin-like proteins studied in Drosophila. Both loss and over-production of JiangShi lead to terminal defects in adult structures and organismal death. Although the physiological function of JiangShi remains poorly defined, we present a genetically tractable model system for the in vivo studies of Mucin-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- Hengyang College of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang 421009, China
| | - LingLing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yikang S Rong
- Hengyang College of Medicine, University of South China , Hengyang 421009, China
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6
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Spitz D, Comas M, Gerstner L, Kayser S, Helmstädter M, Walz G, Hermle T. mTOR-Dependent Autophagy Regulates Slit Diaphragm Density in Podocyte-like Drosophila Nephrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132103. [PMID: 35805186 PMCID: PMC9265458 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mTOR signaling and autophagy are important modulators of podocyte homeostasis, regeneration, and aging and have been implicated in glomerular diseases. However, the mechanistic role of these pathways for the glomerular filtration barrier remains poorly understood. We used Drosophila nephrocytes as an established podocyte model and found that inhibition of mTOR signaling resulted in increased spacing between slit diaphragms. Gain-of-function of mTOR signaling did not affect spacing, suggesting that additional cues limit the maximal slit diaphragm density. Interestingly, both activation and inhibition of mTOR signaling led to decreased nephrocyte function, indicating that a fine balance of signaling activity is needed for proper function. Furthermore, mTOR positively controlled cell size, survival, and the extent of the subcortical actin network. We also showed that basal autophagy in nephrocytes is required for survival and limits the expression of the sns (nephrin) but does not directly affect slit diaphragm formation or endocytic activity. However, using a genetic rescue approach, we demonstrated that excessive, mTOR-dependent autophagy is primarily responsible for slit diaphragm misspacing. In conclusion, we established this invertebrate podocyte model for mechanistic studies on the role of mTOR signaling and autophagy, and we discovered a direct mTOR/autophagy-dependent regulation of the slit diaphragm architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Spitz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Maria Comas
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-0761-270-63046 (M.C.); +49-761-270-33630 (T.H.)
| | - Lea Gerstner
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Séverine Kayser
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-0761-270-63046 (M.C.); +49-761-270-33630 (T.H.)
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7
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Dow JAT, Simons M, Romero MF. Drosophila melanogaster: a simple genetic model of kidney structure, function and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:417-434. [PMID: 35411063 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the genetic basis of many kidney diseases is being rapidly elucidated, their experimental study remains problematic owing to the lack of suitable models. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster provides a rapid, ethical and cost-effective model system of the kidney. The unique advantages of D. melanogaster include ease and low cost of maintenance, comprehensive availability of genetic mutants and powerful transgenic technologies, and less onerous regulation, as compared with mammalian systems. Renal and excretory functions in D. melanogaster reside in three main tissues - the transporting renal (Malpighian) tubules, the reabsorptive hindgut and the endocytic nephrocytes. Tubules contain multiple cell types and regions and generate a primary urine by transcellular transport rather than filtration, which is then subjected to selective reabsorption in the hindgut. By contrast, the nephrocytes are specialized for uptake of macromolecules and equipped with a filtering slit diaphragm resembling that of podocytes. Many genes with key roles in the human kidney have D. melanogaster orthologues that are enriched and functionally relevant in fly renal tissues. This similarity has allowed investigations of epithelial transport, kidney stone formation and podocyte and proximal tubule function. Furthermore, a range of unique quantitative phenotypes are available to measure function in both wild type and disease-modelling flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Matias Simons
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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8
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Paul S, Balakrishnan S, Arumugaperumal A, Lathakumari S, Syamala SS, Vijayan V, Durairaj SCJ, Arumugaswami V, Sivasubramaniam S. Importance of clitellar tissue in the regeneration ability of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1-32. [PMID: 35416560 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among the annelids, earthworms are renowned for their phenomenal ability to regenerate the lost segments. The adult earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae contains 120 segments and the body segments of the earthworm are divided into pre-clitellar, clitellar and post-clitellar segments. The present study denoted that clitellum plays vital role in the successful regeneration of the species. We have performed histological studies to identify among the three skin layers of the earthworm, which cellular layer supports the blastema formation and regeneration of the species. The histological evidences denoted that the proliferation of the longitudinal cell layer at the amputation site is crucial for the successful regeneration of the earthworm and it takes place only in the presence of an intact clitellum. Besides we have performed clitellar transcriptome analysis of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae to monitor the key differentially expressed genes and their associated functions and pathways controlling the clitellar tissue changes during both anterior and posterior regeneration of the earthworm. A total of 4707 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the control clitellum and clitellum of anterior regenerated earthworms and 4343 DEGs were detected between the control clitellum and clitellum of posterior regenerated earthworms. The functional enrichment analysis confirmed the genes regulating the muscle mass shape and structure were significantly downregulated and the genes associated with response to starvation and anterior-posterior axis specification were significantly upregulated in the clitellar tissue during both anterior and posterior regeneration of the earthworm. The RNA sequencing data of clitellum and the comparative transcriptomic analysis were helpful to understand the complex regeneration process of the earthworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.,Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | | | - Arun Arumugaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Saranya Lathakumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Sandhya Soman Syamala
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Vijithkumar Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India
| | - Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600 119, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, 627012, India.
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9
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Morin-Poulard I, Destalminil-Letourneau M, Bataillé L, Frendo JL, Lebreton G, Vanzo N, Crozatier M. Identification of Bipotential Blood Cell/Nephrocyte Progenitors in Drosophila: Another Route for Generating Blood Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834720. [PMID: 35237606 PMCID: PMC8883574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila lymph gland is the larval hematopoietic organ and is aligned along the anterior part of the cardiovascular system, composed of cardiac cells, that form the cardiac tube and its associated pericardial cells or nephrocytes. By the end of embryogenesis the lymph gland is composed of a single pair of lobes. Two additional pairs of posterior lobes develop during larval development to contribute to the mature lymph gland. In this study we describe the ontogeny of lymph gland posterior lobes during larval development and identify the genetic basis of the process. By lineage tracing we show here that each posterior lobe originates from three embryonic pericardial cells, thus establishing a bivalent blood cell/nephrocyte potential for a subset of embryonic pericardial cells. The posterior lobes of L3 larvae posterior lobes are composed of heterogeneous blood progenitors and their diversity is progressively built during larval development. We further establish that in larvae, homeotic genes and the transcription factor Klf15 regulate the choice between blood cell and nephrocyte fates. Our data underline the sequential production of blood cell progenitors during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaël Morin-Poulard
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Destalminil-Letourneau
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Bataillé
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes), UMR6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Louis Frendo
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1301, CNRS 5070, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Lebreton
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vanzo
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michèle Crozatier
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire et du Développement (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse UMR 5077/CNRS, Toulouse, France
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10
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Atienza-Manuel A, Castillo-Mancho V, De Renzis S, Culi J, Ruiz-Gómez M. Endocytosis mediated by an atypical CUBAM complex modulates slit diaphragm dynamics in nephrocytes. Development 2021; 148:272711. [PMID: 34738617 PMCID: PMC8710305 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate endocytic receptor CUBAM, consisting of three cubilin monomers complexed with a single amnionless molecule, plays a major role in protein reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Here, we show that Drosophila CUBAM is a tripartite complex composed of Amnionless and two cubilin paralogues, Cubilin and Cubilin2, and that it is required for nephrocyte slit diaphragm (SD) dynamics. Loss of CUBAM-mediated endocytosis induces dramatic morphological changes in nephrocytes and promotes enlarged ingressions of the external membrane and SD mislocalisation. These phenotypes result in part from an imbalance between endocytosis, which is strongly impaired in CUBAM mutants, and exocytosis in these highly active cells. Of note, rescuing receptor-mediated endocytosis by Megalin/LRP2 or Rab5 expression only partially restores SD positioning in CUBAM mutants, suggesting a specific requirement of CUBAM in SD degradation and/or recycling. This finding and the reported expression of CUBAM in podocytes suggest a possible unexpected conserved role for this endocytic receptor in vertebrate SD remodelling. Summary: A genetic study revealing that endocytosis mediated by an atypical CUBAM endocytic receptor, composed of Amnionless and two Cubilin paralogues, regulates slit diaphragm remodelling in Drosophila nephrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Atienza-Manuel
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC and UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Castillo-Mancho
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC and UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joaquim Culi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC and UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Ruiz-Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC and UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Petrignani B, Rommelaere S, Hakim-Mishnaevski K, Masson F, Ramond E, Hilu-Dadia R, Poidevin M, Kondo S, Kurant E, Lemaitre B. A secreted factor NimrodB4 promotes the elimination of apoptotic corpses by phagocytes in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52262. [PMID: 34370384 PMCID: PMC8419693 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death plays a fundamental role in development and tissue homeostasis. Professional and non‐professional phagocytes achieve the proper recognition, uptake, and degradation of apoptotic cells, a process called efferocytosis. Failure in efferocytosis leads to autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, two transmembrane proteins of the Nimrod family, Draper and SIMU, mediate the recognition and internalization of apoptotic corpses. Beyond this early step, little is known about how apoptotic cell degradation is regulated. Here, we study the function of a secreted member of the Nimrod family, NimB4, and reveal its crucial role in the clearance of apoptotic cells. We show that NimB4 is expressed by macrophages and glial cells, the two main types of phagocytes in Drosophila. Similar to draper mutants, NimB4 mutants accumulate apoptotic corpses during embryogenesis and in the larval brain. Our study points to the role of NimB4 in phagosome maturation, more specifically in the fusion between the phagosome and lysosomes. We propose that similar to bridging molecules, NimB4 binds to apoptotic corpses to engage a phagosome maturation program dedicated to efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Petrignani
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ketty Hakim-Mishnaevski
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Florent Masson
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Ramond
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reut Hilu-Dadia
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Estee Kurant
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Mysh M, Poulton JS. The Basolateral Polarity Module Promotes Slit Diaphragm Formation in Drosophila Nephrocytes, a Model of Vertebrate Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1409-1424. [PMID: 33795424 PMCID: PMC8259641 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte slit diaphragms (SDs) are intercellular junctions that function as size-selective filters, excluding most proteins from urine. Abnormalities in SDs cause proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Podocytes exhibit apicobasal polarity, which can affect fundamental aspects of cell biology, including morphology, intercellular junction formation, and asymmetric protein distribution along the plasma membrane. Apical polarity protein mutations cause nephrotic syndrome, and data suggest apical polarity proteins regulate SD formation. However, there is no evidence that basolateral polarity proteins regulate SDs. Thus, the role of apicobasal polarity in podocytes remains unclear. METHODS Genetic manipulations and transgenic reporters determined the effects of disrupting apicobasal polarity proteins in Drosophila nephrocytes, which have SDs similar to those of mammalian podocytes. Confocal and electron microscopy were used to characterize SD integrity after loss of basolateral polarity proteins, and genetic-interaction studies illuminated relationships among apicobasal polarity proteins. RESULTS The study identified four novel regulators of nephrocyte SDs: Dlg, Lgl, Scrib, and Par-1. These proteins comprise the basolateral polarity module and its effector kinase. The data suggest these proteins work together, with apical polarity proteins, to regulate SDs by promoting normal endocytosis and trafficking of SD proteins. CONCLUSIONS Given the recognized importance of apical polarity proteins and SD protein trafficking in podocytopathies, the findings connecting basolateral polarity proteins to these processes significantly advance our understanding of SD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mysh
- Department of Biology, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John S. Poulton
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Selma-Soriano E, Llamusi B, Fernández-Costa JM, Ozimski LL, Artero R, Redón J. Rabphilin involvement in filtration and molecular uptake in Drosophila nephrocytes suggests a similar role in human podocytes. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041509. [PMID: 32680845 PMCID: PMC7522021 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila nephrocytes share functional, structural and molecular similarities with human podocytes. It is known that podocytes express the rabphilin 3A (RPH3A)-RAB3A complex, and its expression is altered in mouse and human proteinuric disease. Furthermore, we previously identified a polymorphism that suggested a role for RPH3A protein in the development of urinary albumin excretion. As endocytosis and vesicle trafficking are fundamental pathways for nephrocytes, the objective of this study was to assess the role of the RPH3A orthologue in Drosophila, Rabphilin (Rph), in the structure and function of nephrocytes. We confirmed that Rph is required for the correct function of the endocytic pathway in pericardial Drosophila nephrocytes. Knockdown of Rph reduced the expression of the cubilin and stick and stones genes, which encode proteins that are involved in protein uptake and filtration. We also found that reduced Rph expression resulted in a disappearance of the labyrinthine channel structure and a reduction in the number of endosomes, which ultimately leads to changes in the number and volume of nephrocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that the administration of retinoic acid to IR-Rph nephrocytes rescued some altered aspects, such as filtration and molecular uptake, as well as the maintenance of cell fate. According to our data, Rph is crucial for nephrocyte filtration and reabsorption, and it is required for the maintenance of the ultrastructure, integrity and differentiation of the nephrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Selma-Soriano
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- CIPF-INCLIVA Joint Unit, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- CIPF-INCLIVA Joint Unit, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández-Costa
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- CIPF-INCLIVA Joint Unit, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lauren Louise Ozimski
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- CIPF-INCLIVA Joint Unit, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- CIPF-INCLIVA Joint Unit, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Redón
- Hypertension Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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14
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Lim HY, Bao H, Liu Y, Wang W. Select Septate Junction Proteins Direct ROS-Mediated Paracrine Regulation of Drosophila Cardiac Function. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1455-1470.e4. [PMID: 31390561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Septate junction (SJ) complex proteins act in unison to provide a paracellular barrier and maintain structural integrity. Here, we identify a non-barrier role of two individual SJ proteins, Coracle (Cora) and Kune-kune (Kune). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-p38 MAPK signaling in non-myocytic pericardial cells (PCs) is important for maintaining normal cardiac physiology in Drosophila. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We find that in PCs, Cora and Kune are altered in abundance in response to manipulations of ROS-p38 signaling. Genetic analyses establish Cora and Kune as key effectors of ROS-p38 signaling in PCs on proper heart function. We further determine that Cora regulates normal Kune levels in PCs, which in turn modulates normal Kune levels in the cardiomyocytes essential for proper heart function. Our results thereby reveal select SJ proteins Cora and Kune as signaling mediators of the PC-derived ROS regulation of cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Hong Bao
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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15
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Dehnen L, Janz M, Verma JK, Psathaki OE, Langemeyer L, Fröhlich F, Heinisch JJ, Meyer H, Ungermann C, Paululat A. A trimeric metazoan Rab7 GEF complex is crucial for endocytosis and scavenger function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247080. [PMID: 32499409 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells is critical for nutrient uptake and plasma membrane integrity. Early endosomes initially contain Rab5, which is replaced by Rab7 on late endosomes prior to their fusion with lysosomes. Recruitment of Rab7 to endosomes requires the Mon1-Ccz1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF). Here, we show that full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270). Bulli localises to Rab7-positive endosomes, in agreement with its function in the GEF complex. Using Drosophila nephrocytes as a model system, we observe that absence of Bulli results in (i) reduced endocytosis, (ii) Rab5 accumulation within non-acidified enlarged endosomes, (iii) defective Rab7 localisation and (iv) impaired endosomal maturation. Moreover, longevity of animals lacking bulli is affected. Both the Mon1-Ccz1 dimer and a Bulli-containing trimer display Rab7 GEF activity. In summary, this suggests a key role for Bulli in the Rab5 to Rab7 transition during endosomal maturation rather than a direct influence on the GEF activity of Mon1-Ccz1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dehnen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maren Janz
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jitender Kumar Verma
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück (iBiOs), University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lars Langemeyer
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Genetics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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16
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Huot L, Bigourdan A, Pagès S, Ogier JC, Girard PA, Nègre N, Duvic B. Partner-specific induction of Spodoptera frugiperda immune genes in response to the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complex Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 108:103676. [PMID: 32184079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila association is a nematobacterial complex used in biological control of insect crop pests. The infection success of this dual pathogen strongly depends on its interactions with the host's immune system. Here, we used the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda to analyze the respective impact of each partner in the induction of its immune responses. First, we used previously obtained RNAseq data to construct the immunome of S. frugiperda and analyze its induction. We then selected representative genes to study by RT-qPCR their induction kinetics and specificity after independent injections of each partner. We showed that both X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae participate in the induction of stable immune responses to the complex. While X. nematophila mainly induces genes classically involved in antibacterial responses, S. carpocapsae induces lectins and genes involved in melanization and encapsulation. We discuss putative relationships between these differential inductions and the pathogen immunosuppressive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Huot
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Pagès
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Nègre
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Duvic
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Modeling Podocyte Biology Using Drosophila Nephrocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31701442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Vertebrate podocytes are kidney glomerular cells critically required for normal renal filtration. To fulfill their role, podocytes form molecular sieves known as slit diaphragms that contribute to the glomerular filtration barrier. The disruption of podocyte biology or slit diaphragm formation in humans is a precursor to albuminuria, renal failure, and cardiovascular morbidity. Due to genetic and functional similarities, the nephrocytes of Drosophila are increasingly used to model the genetic and metabolic basis of human podocyte biology. They have the advantage that they are a much quicker system to study compared to other murine transgenic models. In this chapter we present methods to modulate and study Drosophila nephrocyte function and diaphragm formation.
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18
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Troha K, Nagy P, Pivovar A, Lazzaro BP, Hartley PS, Buchon N. Nephrocytes Remove Microbiota-Derived Peptidoglycan from Systemic Circulation to Maintain Immune Homeostasis. Immunity 2019; 51:625-637.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Lin W, Chen J. Krüppel-like Factor 15: A Potential Therapeutic Target For Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1955-1961. [PMID: 31523196 PMCID: PMC6743293 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a zinc-finger transcription factor highly expressed in the glomeruli and interstitial cells of kidneys. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated a critical role for KLF15 in the kidney, involving tubular physiology, podocyte injury, renal fibrosis, and mesangial pathology. In this review, we discuss recent advances and update our overview of the functions of KLF15 in kidney biology, hoping to provide new perspectives on the progression and therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A better understanding of KLF15 with respect to its diverse roles in specific cells or diseases will be beneficial in pursuing novel therapeutic targets and moving forward to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Wang
- The Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- The Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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20
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Pericardin, a Drosophila collagen, facilitates accumulation of hemocytes at the heart. Dev Biol 2019; 454:52-65. [PMID: 31228417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell lineages support organismal needs by responding to positional and systemic signals that balance proliferative and differentiation events. Drosophila provides an excellent genetic model to dissect these signals, where the activity of cues in the hemolymph or substrate can be traced to determination and differentiation events of well characterized hemocyte types. Plasmatocytes in third instar larvae increase in number in response to infection and in anticipation of metamorphosis. Here we characterize hemocyte clustering, proliferation and transdifferentiation on the heart or dorsal vessel. Hemocytes accumulate on the inner foldings of the heart basement membrane, where they move with heart contraction, and are in proximity to the heart ostia and pericardial nephrocytes. The numbers of hemocytes vary, but increase transiently before pupariation, and decrease by 4 h before pupa formation. During their accumulation at the heart, plasmatocytes can proliferate and can transdifferentiate into crystal cells. Serrate expressing cells as well as lamellocyte-like, Atilla expressing ensheathing cells are associated with some, but not all hemocyte clusters. Hemocyte aggregation is enhanced by the presence of a heart specific Collagen, Pericardin, but not the associated pericardial cells. The varied and transient number of hemocytes in the pericardial compartment suggests that this is not a hematopoietic hub, but a niche supporting differentiation and rapid dispersal in response to systemic signals.
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21
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Odenthal J, Brinkkoetter PT. Drosophila melanogaster and its nephrocytes: A versatile model for glomerular research. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 154:217-240. [PMID: 31493819 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular disorders are a predominant cause of chronic kidney diseases and end-stage renal failure. Especially podocytes, epithelial cells which represent the outermost part of the filtration barrier, are affected by disease and experience a gradual loss of function. Despite recent advances in identifying potential pathways underlying podocyte injury, treatment remains challenging. It is therefore desirable to employ suitable model organisms in order to study glomerular disease and elucidate affected pathways. Due to its diverse ways of genetic manipulation and high genomic conservation, Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for biomedical research. The fly was recently used to assess podocytopathies by exploiting the nephrocyte system. Nephrocytes are spherical cells within the body cavity of the fly responsible for detoxification and clearance of unwanted substances. More importantly, they share many characteristics with mammalian podocytes. Here, we summarize how to use Drosophila as a model organism for podocyte research. We discuss examples of techniques that can be used to genetically manipulate nephrocytes and provide protocols for nephrocyte isolation and for morphological as well as functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Odenthal
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Thomas Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Marelja Z, Simons M. Filling the Gap: Drosophila Nephrocytes as Model System in Kidney Research. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:719-720. [PMID: 30910933 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Marelja
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matias Simons
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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23
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Hurcombe JA, Hartley P, Lay AC, Ni L, Bedford JJ, Leader JP, Singh S, Murphy A, Scudamore CL, Marquez E, Barrington AF, Pinto V, Marchetti M, Wong LF, Uney J, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Patel S, Walker RJ, Woodgett JR, Quaggin SE, Welsh GI, Coward RJM. Podocyte GSK3 is an evolutionarily conserved critical regulator of kidney function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 30679422 PMCID: PMC6345761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria affects millions of people, and is an independent risk factor for kidney failure, cardiovascular morbidity and death. The key cell that prevents albuminuria is the terminally differentiated glomerular podocyte. Here we report the evolutionary importance of the enzyme Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) for maintaining podocyte function in mice and the equivalent nephrocyte cell in Drosophila. Developmental deletion of both GSK3 isoforms (α and β) in murine podocytes causes late neonatal death associated with massive albuminuria and renal failure. Similarly, silencing GSK3 in nephrocytes is developmentally lethal for this cell. Mature genetic or pharmacological podocyte/nephrocyte GSK3 inhibition is also detrimental; producing albuminuric kidney disease in mice and nephrocyte depletion in Drosophila. Mechanistically, GSK3 loss causes differentiated podocytes to re-enter the cell cycle and undergo mitotic catastrophe, modulated via the Hippo pathway but independent of Wnt-β-catenin. This work clearly identifies GSK3 as a critical regulator of podocyte and hence kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hurcombe
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P Hartley
- Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L Ni
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - J J Bedford
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J P Leader
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - S Singh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - C L Scudamore
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - E Marquez
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - A F Barrington
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - V Pinto
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - M Marchetti
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - L-F Wong
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - J Uney
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - M A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - P W Mathieson
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S Patel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - R J Walker
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - J R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - S E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - G I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - R J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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24
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Drosophila pericardial nephrocyte ultrastructure changes during ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 173:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Hochapfel F, Denk L, Maaßen C, Zaytseva Y, Rachel R, Witzgall R, Krahn MP. Electron microscopy of
Drosophila
garland cell nephrocytes: Optimal preparation, immunostaining and STEM tomography. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8011-8021. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hochapfel
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik DUniversitätsklinikum MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Christine Maaßen
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Yulia Zaytseva
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Michael P. Krahn
- Molecular and Cellular AnatomyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik DUniversitätsklinikum MünsterMünsterGermany
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26
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Modeling Renal Disease "On the Fly". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5697436. [PMID: 29955604 PMCID: PMC6000847 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5697436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Detoxification is a fundamental function for all living organisms that need to excrete catabolites and toxins to maintain homeostasis. Kidneys are major organs of detoxification that maintain water and electrolyte balance to preserve physiological functions of vertebrates. In insects, the renal function is carried out by Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes. Due to differences in their circulation, the renal systems of mammalians and insects differ in their functional modalities, yet carry out similar biochemical and physiological functions and share extensive genetic and molecular similarities. Evolutionary conservation can be leveraged to model specific aspects of the complex mammalian kidney function in the genetic powerhouse Drosophila melanogaster to study how genes interact in diseased states. Here, we compare the human and Drosophila renal systems and present selected fly disease models.
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27
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Gonçalves S, Patat J, Guida MC, Lachaussée N, Arrondel C, Helmstädter M, Boyer O, Gribouval O, Gubler MC, Mollet G, Rio M, Charbit M, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Huber TB, Wheeler PG, Haynes D, Juusola J, Billette de Villemeur T, Nava C, Afenjar A, Keren B, Bodmer R, Antignac C, Simons M. A homozygous KAT2B variant modulates the clinical phenotype of ADD3 deficiency in humans and flies. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007386. [PMID: 29768408 PMCID: PMC5973622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the presence of more than one pathogenic mutation in a single patient is more common than previously anticipated. One of the challenges hereby is to dissect the contribution of each gene mutation, for which animal models such as Drosophila can provide a valuable aid. Here, we identified three families with mutations in ADD3, encoding for adducin-γ, with intellectual disability, microcephaly, cataracts and skeletal defects. In one of the families with additional cardiomyopathy and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), we found a homozygous variant in KAT2B, encoding the lysine acetyltransferase 2B, with impact on KAT2B protein levels in patient fibroblasts, suggesting that this second mutation might contribute to the increased disease spectrum. In order to define the contribution of ADD3 and KAT2B mutations for the patient phenotype, we performed functional experiments in the Drosophila model. We found that both mutations were unable to fully rescue the viability of the respective null mutants of the Drosophila homologs, hts and Gcn5, suggesting that they are indeed pathogenic in flies. While the KAT2B/Gcn5 mutation additionally showed a significantly reduced ability to rescue morphological and functional defects of cardiomyocytes and nephrocytes (podocyte-like cells), this was not the case for the ADD3 mutant rescue. Yet, the simultaneous knockdown of KAT2B and ADD3 synergistically impaired kidney and heart function in flies as well as the adhesion and migration capacity of cultured human podocytes, indicating that mutations in both genes may be required for the full clinical manifestation. Altogether, our studies describe the expansion of the phenotypic spectrum in ADD3 deficiency associated with a homozygous likely pathogenic KAT2B variant and thereby identify KAT2B as a susceptibility gene for kidney and heart disease in ADD3-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Julie Patat
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Maria Clara Guida
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Noelle Lachaussée
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Arrondel
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gribouval
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Gubler
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Mollet
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marina Charbit
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Nitschke
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia G. Wheeler
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Devon Haynes
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Jane Juusola
- GeneDx, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD and AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie—Pathologie du développement, Paris, France
- Centre de référence des déficits intellectuels de causes rares, Inserm U 1141, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moèlle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics, Unit of Developmental Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet, Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Genetics, Unit of Developmental Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (MS)
| | - Matias Simons
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (MS)
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Rotstein B, Post Y, Reinhardt M, Lammers K, Buhr A, Heinisch JJ, Meyer H, Paululat A. Distinct domains in the matricellular protein Lonely heart are crucial for cardiac extracellular matrix formation and heart function in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7864-7879. [PMID: 29599288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) are critical to many biological processes, including cell-cell communication and cell migration and function. The correct balance between stiffness and elasticity is essential to the function of numerous tissues, including blood vessels and the lymphatic system, and depends on ECM constituents (the "matrisome") and on their level of interconnection. However, despite its physiological relevance, the matrisome composition and organization remain poorly understood. Previously, we reported that the ADAMTS-like protein Lonely heart (Loh) is critical for recruiting the type IV collagen-like protein Pericardin to the cardiac ECM. Here, we utilized Drosophila as a simple and genetically amenable invertebrate model for studying Loh-mediated recruitment of tissue-specific ECM components such as Pericardin to the ECM. We focused on the functional relevance of distinct Loh domains to protein localization and Pericardin recruitment. Analysis of Loh deletion constructs revealed that one thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR1-1), which has an embedded WXXW motif, is critical for anchoring Loh to the ECM. Two other thrombospondin repeats, TSR1-2 and TSR1-4, the latter containing a CXXTCXXG motif, appeared to be dispensable for tethering Loh to the ECM but were crucial for proper interaction with and recruitment of Pericardin. Moreover, our results also suggested that Pericardin in the cardiac ECM primarily ensures the structural integrity of the heart, rather than increasing tissue flexibility. In conclusion, our work provides new insights into the roles of thrombospondin type 1 repeats and advances our understanding of cardiac ECM assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanina Post
- From the Departments of Zoology and Developmental Biology and
| | | | - Kay Lammers
- From the Departments of Zoology and Developmental Biology and
| | - Annika Buhr
- From the Departments of Zoology and Developmental Biology and
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology & Chemistry, University of Osnabrück Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- From the Departments of Zoology and Developmental Biology and
| | - Achim Paululat
- From the Departments of Zoology and Developmental Biology and
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29
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Li N, Zhang J, Yan X, Zhang C, Liu H, Shan X, Li J, Yang Y, Huang C, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Bu P. SIRT3-KLF15 signaling ameliorates kidney injury induced by hypertension. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39592-39604. [PMID: 28465484 PMCID: PMC5503635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis participates in the progression of hypertension-induced kidney injury. The effect of SIRT3, a member of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase family, in hypertensive nephropathy remains unclear. In this study, we found that SIRT3 was reduced after angiotensin II (AngII) treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, SIRT3-knockout mice aggravated hypertension-induced renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis via chronic AngII infusion (2000 ng/kg per minute for 42 days). On the contrary, SIRT3-overexpression mice attenuated AngII-induced kidney injury compared with wild-type mice. Remarkably, a co-localization of SIRT3 and KLF15, a kidney-enriched nuclear transcription factor, led to SIRT3 directly deacetylating KLF15, followed by decreased expression of fibronectin and collagen type IV in cultured MPC-5 podocytes. In addition, honokiol (HKL), a major bioactive compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis (Houpo), suppressed AngII-induced renal fibrosis through activating SIRT3-KLF15 signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that a novel SIRT3-KLF15 signaling may prevent kidney injury from hypertension and HKL can act as a SIRT3-KLF15 signaling activator to protect against hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuefang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolan Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengmin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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30
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has central roles in tissue integrity and remodeling throughout the life span of animals. While collagens are the most abundant structural components of ECM in most tissues, tissue-specific molecular complexity is contributed by ECM glycoproteins. The matricellular glycoproteins are categorized primarily according to functional criteria and represented predominantly by the thrombospondin, tenascin, SPARC/osteonectin, and CCN families. These proteins do not self-assemble into ECM fibrils; nevertheless, they shape ECM properties through interactions with structural ECM proteins, growth factors, and cells. Matricellular proteins also promote cell migration or morphological changes through adhesion-modulating or counter-adhesive actions on cell-ECM adhesions, intracellular signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, matricellular proteins are most highly expressed during embryonic development. In adult tissues, expression is more limited unless activated by cues for dynamic tissue remodeling and cell motility, such as occur during inflammatory response and wound repair. Many insights in the complex roles of matricellular proteins have been obtained from studies of gene knockout mice. However, with the exception of chordate-specific tenascins, these are highly conserved proteins that are encoded in many animal phyla. This review will consider the increasing body of research on matricellular proteins in nonmammalian animal models. These models provide better access to the very earliest stages of embryonic development and opportunities to study biological processes such as limb and organ regeneration. In aggregate, this research is expanding concepts of the functions and mechanisms of action of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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31
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Drechsler M, Meyer H, Wilmes AC, Paululat A. APC/CFzr regulates cardiac and myoblast cell numbers and plays a crucial role during myoblast fusion. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209155. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic muscles are formed by the iterative fusion of myoblasts into muscle fibres. This process is driven by the recurrent recruitment of proteins to the cell membrane to induce F-actin nucleation at the fusion site. Although various proteins involved in myoblast fusion have been identified, knowledge about their sub-cellular regulation is rather elusive. We identified the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) adaptor Fizzy related (Fzr) as an essential regulator of heart and muscle development. We show that APC/CFzr regulates the fusion of myoblasts as well as mitotic exit of pericardial cells, cardioblasts and myoblasts. Surprisingly, over-proliferation is not causative for the observed fusion defects. Instead, fzr mutants exhibit smaller F-actin foci at the fusion site, and display reduced membrane breakdown between adjacent myoblasts. We show that lack of APC/CFzr causes the accumulation and mislocalisation of Rols and Duf, two proteins involved in the fusion process. Duf seems to serve as direct substrate of the APC/CFzr, and its destruction depends on the presence of distinct degron sequences. These novel findings indicate that protein destruction and turnover constitute major events during myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Drechsler
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Current address: University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, CB2 3EJ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiko Meyer
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ariane C. Wilmes
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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32
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Chen XP, Qin YH. [Research advances in the protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid against podocyte injury]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:719-723. [PMID: 28606243 PMCID: PMC7390304 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A derivative and plays an important role in the regulation of cell aggregation, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory response. In recent years, some progress has been made in the role of ATRA in renal diseases, especially its protective effect on podocytes. This article reviews the research advances in podocyte injury, characteristics of ATRA, podocyte differentiation and regeneration induced by ATRA, and the protective effect of ATRA against proliferation, deposition of fibers, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Dissecting the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Heart Disease: Lessons from the Drosophila Genetic Model. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020024. [PMID: 29056683 PMCID: PMC5606597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffold within organs and tissues that enables cell morphogenesis and provides structural support. Changes in the composition and organisation of the cardiac ECM are required for normal development. Congenital and age-related cardiac diseases can arise from mis-regulation of structural ECM proteins (Collagen, Laminin) or their receptors (Integrin). Key regulators of ECM turnover include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). MMP expression is increased in mice, pigs, and dogs with cardiomyopathy. The complexity and longevity of vertebrate animals makes a short-lived, genetically tractable model organism, such as Drosophila melanogaster, an attractive candidate for study. We survey ECM macromolecules and their role in heart development and growth, which are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates, with focus upon the consequences of altered expression or distribution. The Drosophila heart resembles that of vertebrates during early development, and is amenable to in vivo analysis. Experimental manipulation of gene function in a tissue- or temporally-regulated manner can reveal the function of adhesion or ECM genes in the heart. Perturbation of the function of ECM proteins, or of the MMPs that facilitate ECM remodelling, induces cardiomyopathies in Drosophila, including cardiodilation, arrhythmia, and cardia bifida, that provide mechanistic insight into cardiac disease in mammals.
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Helmstädter M, Simons M. Using Drosophila nephrocytes in genetic kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:119-126. [PMID: 28401308 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Renal diseases are a growing health burden, and innovative models to study their pathomechanisms are greatly needed. Here, we highlight how the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can be used to model kidney diseases. We focus on the nephrocyte that has recently been shown to exhibit podocyte and proximal tubular cell features. These cells can be manipulated with precise genetic tools to dissect filtration and reabsorption mechanisms. Thus, they represent a novel and easy-to-use alternative in experimental nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matias Simons
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France. .,Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.
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Fu Y, Zhu JY, Zhang F, Richman A, Zhao Z, Han Z. Comprehensive functional analysis of Rab GTPases in Drosophila nephrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:615-627. [PMID: 28180992 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila nephrocyte is a critical component of the fly renal system and bears structural and functional homology to podocytes and proximal tubule cells of the mammalian kidney. Investigations of nephrocyte cell biological processes are fundamental to understanding the insect renal system. Nephrocytes are highly active in endocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Rab GTPases regulate endocytosis and trafficking but specific functions of nephrocyte Rabs remain undefined. We analyzed Rab GTPase expression and function in Drosophila nephrocytes and found that 11 out of 27 Drosophila Rabs were required for normal activity. Rabs 1, 5, 7, 11 and 35 were most important. Gene silencing of the nephrocyte-specific Rab5 eliminated all intracellular vesicles and the specialized plasma membrane structures essential for nephrocyte function. Rab7 silencing dramatically increased clear vacuoles and reduced lysosomes. Rab11 silencing increased lysosomes and reduced clear vacuoles. Our results suggest that Rab5 mediates endocytosis that is essential for the maintenance of functionally critical nephrocyte plasma membrane structures and that Rabs 7 and 11 mediate alternative downstream vesicle trafficking pathways leading to protein degradation and membrane recycling, respectively. Elucidating molecular pathways underlying nephrocyte function has the potential to yield important insights into human kidney cell physiology and mechanisms of cell injury that lead to disease. The Drosophila nephrocyte is emerging as a useful in vivo model system for molecular target identification and initial testing of therapeutic approaches in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam Richman
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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Azambuja P, Garcia ES, Waniek PJ, Vieira CS, Figueiredo MB, Gonzalez MS, Mello CB, Castro DP, Ratcliffe NA. Rhodnius prolixus: from physiology by Wigglesworth to recent studies of immune system modulation by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 97:45-65. [PMID: 27866813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Vincent B. Wigglesworth (VW) in recognition of his many pioneering contributions to insect physiology which, even today, form the basis of modern-day research in this field. Insects not only make vital contributions to our everyday lives by their roles in pollination, balancing eco-systems and provision of honey and silk products, but they are also outstanding models for studying the pathogenicity of microorganisms and the functioning of innate immunity in humans. In this overview, the immune system of the triatomine bug, Rhodnius prolixus, is considered which is most appropriate to this dedication as this insect species was the favourite subject of VW's research. Herein are described recent developments in knowledge of the functioning of the R. prolixus immune system. Thus, the roles of the cellular defences, such as phagocytosis and nodule formation, as well as the role of eicosanoids, ecdysone, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals, and the gut microbiota in the immune response of R. prolixus are described. The details of many of these were unknown to VW although his work gives indications of his awareness of the importance to R. prolixus of cellular immunity, antibacterial activity, prophenoloxidase and the gut microbiota. This description of R. prolixus immunity forms a backdrop to studies on the interaction of the parasitic flagellates, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli, with the host defences of this important insect vector. These parasites remarkably utilize different strategies to avoid/modulate the triatomine immune response in order to survive in the extremely hostile host environments present in the vector gut and haemocoel. Much recent information has also been gleaned on the remarkable diversity of the immune system in the R. prolixus gut and its interaction with trypanosome parasites. This new data is reviewed and gaps in our knowledge of R. prolixus immunity are identified as subjects for future endeavours. Finally, the publication of the T. cruzi, T. rangeli and R. prolixus genomes, together with the use of modern molecular techniques, should lead to the enhanced identification of the determinants of infection derived from both the vector and the parasites which, in turn, could form targets for new molecular-based control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - E S Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - P J Waniek
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - C S Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - M S Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - C B Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - D P Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - N A Ratcliffe
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.
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37
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Helmstädter M, Huber TB, Hermle T. Using the Drosophila Nephrocyte to Model Podocyte Function and Disease. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:262. [PMID: 29270398 PMCID: PMC5725439 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disorders are a major cause of end-stage renal disease and effective therapies are often lacking. Nephrocytes are considered to be part of the Drosophila excretory system and form slit diaphragms across cellular membrane invaginations. Nehphrocytes have been shown to share functional, morphological, and molecular features with podocytes, which form the glomerular filter in vertebrates. Here, we report the progress and the evolving tool-set of this model system. Combining a functional, accessible slit diaphragm with the power of the genetic tool-kit in Drosophila, the nephrocyte has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of the glomerular filtration barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wolf
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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39
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Mallipattu SK, Guo Y, Revelo MP, Roa-Peña L, Miller T, Ling J, Shankland SJ, Bialkowska AB, Ly V, Estrada C, Jain MK, Lu Y, Ma'ayan A, Mehrotra A, Yacoub R, Nord EP, Woroniecki RP, Yang VW, He JC. Krüppel-Like Factor 15 Mediates Glucocorticoid-Induced Restoration of Podocyte Differentiation Markers. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:166-184. [PMID: 27288011 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is the inciting event in primary glomerulopathies, such as minimal change disease and primary FSGS, and glucocorticoids remain the initial and often, the primary treatment of choice for these glomerulopathies. Because inflammation is not readily apparent in these diseases, understanding the direct effects of glucocorticoids on the podocyte, independent of the immunomodulatory effects, may lead to the identification of targets downstream of glucocorticoids that minimize toxicity without compromising efficacy. Several studies showed that treatment with glucocorticoids restores podocyte differentiation markers and normal ultrastructure and improves cell survival in murine podocytes. We previously determined that Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a kidney-enriched zinc finger transcription factor, is required for restoring podocyte differentiation markers in mice and human podocytes under cell stress. Here, we show that in vitro treatment with dexamethasone induced a rapid increase of KLF15 expression in human and murine podocytes and enhanced the affinity of glucocorticoid receptor binding to the promoter region of KLF15 In three independent proteinuric murine models, podocyte-specific loss of Klf15 abrogated dexamethasone-induced podocyte recovery. Furthermore, knockdown of KLF15 reduced cell survival and destabilized the actin cytoskeleton in differentiated human podocytes. Conversely, overexpression of KLF15 stabilized the actin cytoskeleton under cell stress in human podocytes. Finally, the level of KLF15 expression in the podocytes and glomeruli from human biopsy specimens correlated with glucocorticoid responsiveness in 35 patients with minimal change disease or primary FSGS. Thus, these studies identify the critical role of KLF15 in mediating the salutary effects of glucocorticoids in the podocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Jason Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Victoria Ly
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and
| | | | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yuan Lu
- Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and
| | - Anita Mehrotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | | | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - John C He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and.,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York
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40
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On the Morphology of the Drosophila Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3020015. [PMID: 29367564 PMCID: PMC5715677 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulatory system of Drosophilamelanogaster represents an easily amenable genetic model whose analysis at different levels, i.e., from single molecules up to functional anatomy, has provided new insights into general aspects of cardiogenesis, heart physiology and cardiac aging, to name a few examples. In recent years, the Drosophila heart has also attracted the attention of researchers in the field of biomedicine. This development is mainly due to the fact that several genes causing human heart disease are also present in Drosophila, where they play the same or similar roles in heart development, maintenance or physiology as their respective counterparts in humans. This review will attempt to briefly introduce the anatomy of the Drosophila circulatory system and then focus on the different cell types and non-cellular tissue that constitute the heart.
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41
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Hartley PS, Motamedchaboki K, Bodmer R, Ocorr K. SPARC-Dependent Cardiomyopathy in Drosophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:119-29. [PMID: 26839388 PMCID: PMC4838489 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background— The Drosophila heart is an important model for studying the genetics underpinning mammalian cardiac function. The system comprises contractile cardiomyocytes, adjacent to which are pairs of highly endocytic pericardial nephrocytes that modulate cardiac function by uncharacterized mechanisms. Identifying these mechanisms and the molecules involved is important because they may be relevant to human cardiac physiology. Methods and Results— This work aimed to identify circulating cardiomodulatory factors of potential relevance to humans using the Drosophila nephrocyte–cardiomyocyte system. A Kruppel-like factor 15 (dKlf15) loss-of-function strategy was used to ablate nephrocytes and then heart function and the hemolymph proteome were analyzed. Ablation of nephrocytes led to a severe cardiomyopathy characterized by a lengthening of diastolic interval. Rendering adult nephrocytes dysfunctional by disrupting their endocytic function or temporally conditional knockdown of dKlf15 led to a similar cardiomyopathy. Proteomics revealed that nephrocytes regulate the circulating levels of many secreted proteins, the most notable of which was the evolutionarily conserved matricellular protein Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), a protein involved in mammalian cardiac function. Finally, reducing SPARC gene dosage ameliorated the cardiomyopathy that developed in the absence of nephrocytes. Conclusions— The data implicate SPARC in the noncell autonomous control of cardiac function in Drosophila and suggest that modulation of SPARC gene expression may ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Hartley
- From the Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Bournemouth, Dorset, United Kingdom (P.S.H.); and Proteomics Facility (K.M.) and Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program (R.B., K.O.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Khatereh Motamedchaboki
- From the Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Bournemouth, Dorset, United Kingdom (P.S.H.); and Proteomics Facility (K.M.) and Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program (R.B., K.O.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- From the Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Bournemouth, Dorset, United Kingdom (P.S.H.); and Proteomics Facility (K.M.) and Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program (R.B., K.O.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- From the Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Bournemouth, Dorset, United Kingdom (P.S.H.); and Proteomics Facility (K.M.) and Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program (R.B., K.O.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA.
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